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Lihou K, Wall R, Nixon E. Treatment of sheep prior to movement: its contribution to an effective scab (psoroptic mange) management strategy. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:436. [PMID: 38007436 PMCID: PMC10676605 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovine psoroptic mange (sheep scab) is an important disease of sheep worldwide caused by the parasitic mite, Psoroptes ovis. It has a negative impact on animal welfare and leads to significant economic losses for the sheep industry. Effective and targeted management is required to limit its transmission. METHODS A stochastic metapopulation model of sheep scab transmission is used to investigate the contribution of the treatment of sheep prior to movements to sales, gatherings (predominantly markets) and away grazing to the reduction of prevalence of farms with scab in Great Britain. RESULTS Treatment prior to movement to gatherings resulted in an 86% reduction in the overall prevalence of farms with scab and was more effective at reducing the overall prevalence of farms with scab than treatment before other categories of movements. The relative risk of farms having scab infection was inversely related to the percentage of farms which treated, but this relationship was not linear, with the biggest declines in the prevalence of farms with scab being achieved by small percentages of farms treating; a 50% relative reduction in the farm prevalence was achieved with only 15% of farms treating prior to gathering movements. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that pre-movement treatment of sheep could make an important contribution to national scab control and, in practice, the approach could be more highly targeted if used in conjunction with known geographic and management risk factors for scab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Lihou
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Richard Wall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emily Nixon
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Yang S, Liao M, Su S, Ding S, Li Y, Gan Z. Occurrence, distribution and environmental risk of 19 anthelmintic drugs in river water and sediment from the Jinjiang River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1407-1417. [PMID: 37545439 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the occurrence and distribution of 19 anthelmintic drugs (ADs) including the benzimidazole group, salicylanilide group, imidazothiazole group, tetrahydropyrimidine group, diphenylsulfide group, macrocyclic lactone group and hexahydropyrazine group in river water and sediment of the Jinjiang River in Sichuan, China, during summer and winter seasons. All targets were detected in river water (up to 74.64 ng L-1) and sediment (up to 1701 ng g-1) samples. The predominant ADs were benzimidazoles regardless of seasons and matrices, accounting for 43-82% of the total anthelmintic abundance. Obvious seasonal variation of AD concentrations in the two matrices was observed, which could be attributed to the seasonality of human and veterinary uses of ADs. Evident spatial variation (urban and rural areas) of ADs in winter was indicative of the influence of anthropogenic activities on the environmental concentration of ADs. Though benzimidazoles accumulated in the water and sediment with the highest concentration among all the ADs, macrocyclic lactones were of the highest risk to non-target organisms through ecological risk assessment, with an RQEcotox value up to 2713. This work contributes to comprehensively assessing the contamination level, ecological level and transmission characteristics of ADs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Mengxi Liao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Shijun Su
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Sanglan Ding
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhiwei Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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3
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Taki AC, Wang T, Nguyen NN, Ang CS, Leeming MG, Nie S, Byrne JJ, Young ND, Zheng Y, Ma G, Korhonen PK, Koehler AV, Williamson NA, Hofmann A, Chang BCH, Häberli C, Keiser J, Jabbar A, Sleebs BE, Gasser RB. Thermal proteome profiling reveals Haemonchus orphan protein HCO_011565 as a target of the nematocidal small molecule UMW-868. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1014804. [PMID: 36313370 PMCID: PMC9616048 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1014804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic roundworms (nematodes) cause destructive diseases, and immense suffering in humans and other animals around the world. The control of these parasites relies heavily on anthelmintic therapy, but treatment failures and resistance to these drugs are widespread. As efforts to develop vaccines against parasitic nematodes have been largely unsuccessful, there is an increased focus on discovering new anthelmintic entities to combat drug resistant worms. Here, we employed thermal proteome profiling (TPP) to explore hit pharmacology and to support optimisation of a hit compound (UMW-868), identified in a high-throughput whole-worm, phenotypic screen. Using advanced structural prediction and docking tools, we inferred an entirely novel, parasite-specific target (HCO_011565) of this anthelmintic small molecule in the highly pathogenic, blood-feeding barber’s pole worm, and in other socioeconomically important parasitic nematodes. The “hit-to-target” workflow constructed here provides a unique prospect of accelerating the simultaneous discovery of novel anthelmintics and associated parasite-specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya C. Taki
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nghi N. Nguyen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael G. Leeming
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shuai Nie
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph J. Byrne
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Neil D. Young
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuanting Zheng
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Guangxu Ma
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pasi K. Korhonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anson V. Koehler
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. Williamson
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bill C. H. Chang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cécile Häberli
- Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brad E. Sleebs
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Brad E. Sleebs, ; Robin B. Gasser,
| | - Robin B. Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Brad E. Sleebs, ; Robin B. Gasser,
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Wells C, Collins CMT. A rapid evidence assessment of the potential risk to the environment presented by active ingredients in the UK's most commonly sold companion animal parasiticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:45070-45088. [PMID: 35461423 PMCID: PMC9209362 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A number of parasiticides are commercially available as companion animal treatments to protect against parasite infestation and are sold in large volumes. These treatments are not intended to enter the wider environment but may be washed off or excreted by treated animals and have ecotoxic impacts. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify the existing evidence for the toxicity of the six most used parasiticides in the UK: imidacloprid, fipronil, fluralaner, afoxolaner, selamectin, and flumethrin. A total of 17,207 published articles were screened, with 690 included in the final evidence synthesis. All parasiticides displayed higher toxicity towards invertebrates than vertebrates, enabling their use as companion animal treatments. Extensive evidence exists of ecotoxicity for imidacloprid and fipronil, but this focuses on exposure via agricultural use and is not representative of environmental exposure that results from use in companion animal treatments, especially in urban greenspace. Little to no evidence exists for the ecotoxicity of the remaining parasiticides. Despite heavy usage, there is currently insufficient evidence to understand the environmental risk posed by these veterinary treatments and further studies are urgently needed to quantify the levels and characterise the routes of environmental exposure, as well as identifying any resulting environmental harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clodagh Wells
- The Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, The Weeks Building, Princes Gardens, London, SW7 1NE UK
| | - C. M. Tilly Collins
- The Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, The Weeks Building, Princes Gardens, London, SW7 1NE UK
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Paton N, Burgess S, Bartley K, Griffiths J, Jones E. Piloting an approach to scab control on Welsh sheep farms. Vet Rec Open 2022; 9:e30. [PMID: 35310608 PMCID: PMC8918122 DOI: 10.1002/vro2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sheep scab caused by Psoroptes ovis, is a disease of concern to many stakeholders in Wales due to its welfare implications. There are good diagnostic tests and treatments available to deal with the disease. Even so, it remains a problem in Welsh flocks. As such a coordinated approach is required to deal with this issue in a more sustainable manner. Pilot design Sheep scab positive ‘index’ farms were initially diagnosed using a skin scrape to identify P. ovis mites. Contiguous farms were identified and antibody responses used to confirm onward infestation. All infested farms were treated by either dipping with an organophosphate (OP) dip or injecting with a licensed macrocyclic lactone (ML) product depending on farmer choice. Results Three positive ‘index’ farms were identified along with 12 contiguous properties. Positive serological responses were observed in seven of the 12 contiguous farms; four of which were treated by OP dip and three by an injectable ML product. Discussion To avoid reinfestation of treated farms, dealing with disease on contiguous properties is crucial. Through the project coordinating team, three local outbreaks of scab were dealt with in a short space of time with appropriate diagnosis and treatment being carried out. Some farmers were uncooperative and strategies such as providing additional external support and veterinary involvement might alleviate these issues in the future. This coordinated approach is recommended to veterinary surgeons in the field when dealing with scab on farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Paton
- Veterinary Epidemiology Economics and Public Health The Royal Veterinary College Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - Stewart Burgess
- Moredun Research Institute Pentlands Science Park Bush Loan Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland UK
| | - Kathryn Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute Pentlands Science Park Bush Loan Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland UK
| | | | - Edgar Jones
- Coleg Sir Gar Graig Campus Sandy Road Pwll Wales UK
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Garcia-Méndez M, Schmitt-Filho AL, Rocha RA, Bricarello PA. Effect of growing forage legumes on the migration and survival in the pasture of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e77. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x22000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In order to identify types of forage that inhibit pasture contamination, an evaluation was performed of the effect of the forage legumes Trifolium repens (white clover), Trifolium pratense (red clover) and Lotus corniculatus (bird's-foot-trefoil) on the survival and migration of infective larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of sheep. An experimental area of 441 m2 was divided into four blocks, subdivided into areas of 1.20 × 1.20 in which the three forage legumes were separately overseeded. After growth of the forage in each subdivision, experimental units were established that were later artificially contaminated with sheep faeces containing GIN eggs. Between October and December 2018, pasture, faecal and soil samples were collected on four occasions during weeks 1, 2, 4 and 8 after the deposition of faeces. In week 6, the forage legumes in all the experimental units were mown to simulate grazing. The number of L3 was quantified to determine their survival in the pasture, faeces and soil. In addition, the horizontal migration of L3 was measured at two distances from the faecal pellets (10 and 30 cm), as well as their vertical migration at two heights of the plant stems, that is, lower half and upper half. Larvae vertical migration was affected by the forage species (P < 0.001), in that bird's-foot-trefoil contained fewer larvae in the upper stratum. Bird's-foot-trefoil restricted the migration of L3 to the upper stratum of the plant, which could potentially decrease the risk of infection by intestinal nematodes in grazing sheep.
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Kim E, Park S, Park H, Choi J, Yoon HJ, Kim JH. Determination of Anthelmintic and Antiprotozoal Drug Residues in Fish Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2021; 26:2575. [PMID: 33925124 PMCID: PMC8125621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive and simple method for the simultaneous determination of anthelmintic and antiprotozoal drug residues in fish. For sample preparation, we used the "quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe" (QuEChERS) method with a simple modification. The sample was extracted with water and 1% formic acid in acetonitrile/methanol (MeCN/MeOH) (95:5, v/v), followed by phase separation (salting out) with MgSO4 and NaCl (4:1, w/w). After centrifugation, an aliquot of the extract was purified by dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) prior to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The method was validated at three concentration levels for all matrices, in accordance with the Codex guidelines (CAC/GL-71). Quantitative analysis was performed using the method of matrix-matched calibration. The recoveries were between 60.6% and 119.9%, with coefficients of variation (CV) <30% for all matrices. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the method ranged from 0.02 μg kg-1 to 4.8 μg kg-1 for all matrices. This comprehensive method can be used for the investigation of both anthelmintic and antiprotozoal drugs belonging to different chemical families in fishery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Kim
- Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (E.K.); (S.P.); (H.P.); (J.C.); (H.J.Y.)
- Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sihyun Park
- Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (E.K.); (S.P.); (H.P.); (J.C.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Hyunjin Park
- Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (E.K.); (S.P.); (H.P.); (J.C.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Jangduck Choi
- Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (E.K.); (S.P.); (H.P.); (J.C.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Hae Jung Yoon
- Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (E.K.); (S.P.); (H.P.); (J.C.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Jeong-Han Kim
- Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Mooney D, Coxon C, Richards KG, Gill L, Mellander PE, Danaher M. Development and Optimisation of a Multiresidue Method for the Determination of 40 Anthelmintic Compounds in Environmental Water Samples by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) with LC-MS/MS Detection. Molecules 2019; 24:E1978. [PMID: 31121991 PMCID: PMC6572551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive multiresidue method was developed and validated for the determination of 40 anthelmintic compounds, including 13 transformation products, in surface and groundwater samples at sub nanogram per litre (ng L-1) levels. Anthelmintic residues were extracted from unfiltered water samples using polymeric divinylbenzene solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges, and eluted with methanol: acetone (50:50, v/v). Purified extracts were concentrated, filtered and injected for UHPLC-MS/MS determination. The method recovery (at a concentration representative of realistic expected environmental water levels based on literature review) ranged from 83-113%. The method was validated, at three concentration levels, in accordance to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and SANTE/11813/2017 guidelines. Trueness and precision, under within-laboratory reproducibility conditions, ranged from 88-114% and 1.1-19.4%, respectively. The applicability of the method was assessed in a pilot study whereby 72 different surface and groundwater samples were collected and analysed for the determination of these 40 compounds for the first time in Ireland. This is the most comprehensive method available for the investigation of the occurrence of both anthelmintic parent compounds and their transformation products in raw, unfiltered environmental waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Mooney
- School of Natural Sciences, Geology Department, Trinity College Dublin, D02PN40 Dublin, Ireland.
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15KN3K Dublin 15, Ireland.
- Groundwater spoke, Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG), D04N2E5 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Catherine Coxon
- School of Natural Sciences, Geology Department, Trinity College Dublin, D02PN40 Dublin, Ireland.
- Groundwater spoke, Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG), D04N2E5 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Karl G Richards
- Groundwater spoke, Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG), D04N2E5 Dublin, Ireland.
- Environment, Soils and Land-Use Department, Environment Research Centre, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Y35TC97 Wexford, Ireland.
| | - Laurence Gill
- Groundwater spoke, Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG), D04N2E5 Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02PN40 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Per-Erik Mellander
- Environment, Soils and Land-Use Department, Environment Research Centre, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Y35TC97 Wexford, Ireland.
| | - Martin Danaher
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15KN3K Dublin 15, Ireland.
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9
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Adverse effects of routine bovine health treatments containing triclabendazole and synthetic pyrethroids on the abundance of dipteran larvae in bovine faeces. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4315. [PMID: 30867487 PMCID: PMC6416274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic lactone treatments for livestock can have detrimental effects on the arthropod populations in livestock faeces. For the last twenty years, avoidance of these products has been a standard recommendation on livestock farms that are managed for wildlife by the Royal Society for Protection of Birds (RSPB). However, the continued decline in the populations of birds (in particular the red-billed chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) that are dependent on dung invertebrates on islands in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland prompted us to investigate the effects of livestock treatments that are commonly used on these islands. We conducted a replicated field plot study over two years to quantify the effects of livestock treatments containing copper, deltamethrin and triclabendazole on invertebrate density in pooled, artificial faecal pats on the island of Islay. We found that the density of arthropod larvae was significantly reduced by the triclabendazole and deltamethrin treatments in both years and by as much as 86% when the treatments were combined. Copper-containing boluses did not consistently affect abundance of arthropod larvae. These results suggest that veterinary treatment of livestock might contribute to a reduction in the food supply of chough.
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Ravikumar RK, Thakur D, Choudhary H, Kumar V, Kinhekar AS, Garg T, Ponnusamy K, Bhojne GR, Shetty VM, Kumar V. Social engineering of societal knowledge in livestock science: Can we be more empathetic? Vet World 2017; 10:86-91. [PMID: 28246452 PMCID: PMC5301184 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.86-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Questions are raised in effective utilization of farmer’s wisdom by communities in their farming. Planners support to livelihood emphasize mostly of inputs from outside and not setting up sustainable goals. Formal institutions and planners of program are finding constraints and sceptical in wider dissemination of indigenous knowledge research system (IKRS). This is in spite of evidence that considerable number of farmer’s in livestock sector depends on IKRS. In this context, it is pertinent to showcase dissemination potential of these knowledge system(s) in larger geographical areas. The review illustrates different challenges encountered while control of livestock ailments like ectoparasite infestation through IKRS. Several times, it was opinioned to provide or share IKRS to thwart ailments in a specific region. This is interesting as it was narrated how formal system is unable to recognize farmer’s problem and challenges in integrating these sustainable practices. It has to be noted that disseminating activities seldom takes into account the experimental potential of farmers. This review paper articulates various evidences generated in enhancing diffusion thereby dissemination of IKRS. The nature of support extended by IKRS in entrepreneurial activity of smallholder farming units did not get adequate recognition. There needs to be minimum standard protocol in deriving benefit from such low-cost alternative technologies. This will enrich incremental innovation activities as per location specific need and provide scope for wider dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Ravikumar
- National Innovation Foundation-India, Satellite Complex, Ahmedabad 380 015 Gujarat, India
| | - Devesh Thakur
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, Dr. GC Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Hardev Choudhary
- National Innovation Foundation-India, Satellite Complex, Ahmedabad 380 015 Gujarat, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- National Innovation Foundation-India, Satellite Complex, Ahmedabad 380 015 Gujarat, India
| | - Amol S Kinhekar
- National Innovation Foundation-India, Satellite Complex, Ahmedabad 380 015 Gujarat, India
| | - Tushar Garg
- National Innovation Foundation-India, Satellite Complex, Ahmedabad 380 015 Gujarat, India
| | - K Ponnusamy
- Division of Dairy Extension, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - G R Bhojne
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur - 440 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vasanth M Shetty
- Dean, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hassan - 573 202, Karnataka, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- National Innovation Foundation-India, Satellite Complex, Ahmedabad 380 015 Gujarat, India
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11
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Dunn JA, Prickett JC, Collins DA, Weaver RJ. Primary screen for potential sheep scab control agents. Vet Parasitol 2016; 224:68-76. [PMID: 27270393 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of potential acaricidal agents were assessed against the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis using a series of in vitro assays in modified test arenas designed initially to maintain P. ovis off-host. The mortality effects of 45 control agents, including essential oils, detergents, desiccants, growth regulators, lipid synthesis inhibitors, nerve action/energy metabolism disruptors and ecdysteroids were assessed against adults and nymphs. The most effective candidates were the desiccants (diatomaceous earth, nanoclay and sorex), the growth regulators (buprofezin, hexythiazox and teflubenzuron), the lipid synthesis inhibitors (spirodiclofen, spirotetramat and spiromesifen) and the nerve action and energy metabolism inhibitors (fenpyroximate, spinosad, tolfenpyrad, and chlorantraniliprole).
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Dunn
- Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom.
| | - J C Prickett
- Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - D A Collins
- Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - R J Weaver
- Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
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Margalida A, Bogliani G, Bowden CGR, Donazar JA, Genero F, Gilbert M, Karesh WB, Kock R, Lubroth J, Manteca X, Naidoo V, Neimanis A, Sanchez-Zapata JA, Taggart MA, Vaarten J, Yon L, Kuiken T, Green RE. One Health approach to use of veterinary pharmaceuticals. Science 2014; 346:1296-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1260260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Tabanids: Neglected subjects of research, but important vectors of disease agents! INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:596-615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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