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Wang FH, Wang BB, Gao J, Yang XJ, Jia YB, Tian SY, Li X, Zhang N, Zhang XC, Wei YM, Zhang J, Cai KZ. Determination of cyclic adenosine phosphate and protein content in dormant chlamydospore and nondormant chlamydospore of Arthrobotrys flagrans. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2400008. [PMID: 38548685 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Arthrobotrys flagrans, a nematode-eating fungus, is an effective component of animal parasitic nematode biocontrol agents. In the dried formulation, the majority of spores are in an endogenous dormant state. This study focuses on dormant chlamydospore and nondormant chlamydospore of A. flagrans to investigate the differences in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein content between the two types of spores. cAMP and soluble proteins were extracted from the nondormant chlamydospore and dormant chlamydospore of two isolates of A. flagrans. The cAMP Direct Immunoassay Kit and Bradford protein concentration assay kit (Coomassie brilliant blue method) were used to detect the cAMP and protein content in two types of spores. Results showed that the content of cAMP in dormant spores of both isolates was significantly higher than that in nondormant spores (p < 0.05). The protein content of dormant spores in DH055 bacteria was significantly higher than that of nondormant spores (p < 0.05). In addition, the protein content of dormant spores of the SDH035 strain was slightly higher than that of nondormant spores, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The results obtained in this study provide evidence for the biochemical mechanism of chlamydospore dormancy or the germination of the nematophagous fungus A. flagrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Medical college, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Bo-Bo Wang
- Department of Medical college, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Parasitology Laboratory, Yan'an, China
| | | | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yi-Bo Jia
- Department of Medical college, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Shu-Yue Tian
- Department of Medical college, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Medical college, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xi-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Ming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Medical college, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Kui-Zheng Cai
- Department of Medical college, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
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Hao L, Guo Y, Wang X, Gao M, Liu T, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Li Q, Wang R, You X. Preparation and application of biocontrol formulation of nematode-trapping fungus-Duddingtonia flagrans. Vet Parasitol 2024; 327:110119. [PMID: 38262173 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The use of nematophagous fungi as a biological control strategy for parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) in livestock holds promise as an innovative alternative approach. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a lyophilized Duddingtonia flagrans preparation, utilized in association with the anthelmintics ivermectin or albendazole, to control GINs in Tibetan sheep on a farm based in Qinghai Province. The experimental design included five groups: D. flagrans lyophilized preparation group; D. flagrans+ ivermectin combination tablets treatment group (0.6 tablets for each 10 kg b.w. containing 106 chlamydospores of D. flagrans); D. flagrans+ albendazole combination capsules treatment group (5 capsules for each 10 kg b.w. containing 106 chlamydospores of D. flagrans); ivermectin group (0.2 mg/kg); albendazole group (15 mg/kg), and a control group; The effect of these strategies was evaluated through the analysis of feces collected directly from the animals in each group at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h,96 h and 120 h after administration, by estimating the counts of fecal egg count reduction percentage (FECR) and larval development reduction percentage (LDR). The combination of D. flagrans lyophilized preparation with either ivermectin or albendazole yielded fecal egg and larval reduction rates of up to 100% within 72 h after oral administration, outperforming the groups treated with a single anthelmintic. Moreover, the application of the lyophilized preparation of D. flagrans chlamydospores in isolation demonstrated an 89.8% larval reduction rate. The formulation containing D. flagrans showed high predatory capacity after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of sheep and was effective for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes, which greatly reduced the pollution of the grassland, and avoid reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Medicine Experimental Teaching Center, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Vocational and Technical College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Karakqin Banner, Chifeng city, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjuan Gao
- Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Karakqin Banner, Chifeng city, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Tonghai Liu
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Medicine Experimental Teaching Center, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Medicine Experimental Teaching Center, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiannan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Medicine Experimental Teaching Center, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Medicine Experimental Teaching Center, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xihuo You
- Agrichina Pharmaceutical Co.,ltd., Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Charlier J, Bartley DJ, Sotiraki S, Martinez-Valladares M, Claerebout E, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Thamsborg SM, Hoste H, Morgan ER, Rinaldi L. Anthelmintic resistance in ruminants: challenges and solutions. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2022; 115:171-227. [PMID: 35249662 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is a growing concern for effective parasite control in farmed ruminants globally. Combatting AR will require intensified and integrated research efforts in the development of innovative diagnostic tests to detect helminth infections and AR, sustainable anthelmintic treatment strategies and the development of complementary control approaches such as vaccination and plant-based control. It will also require a better understanding of socio-economic drivers of anthelmintic treatment decisions, in order to support a behavioural shift and develop targeted communication strategies that promote the uptake of evidence-based sustainable solutions. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in these different fields of research activity related to AR in helminths of livestock ruminants in Europe and beyond. We conclude that in the advent of new challenges and solutions emerging from continuing spread of AR and intensified research efforts, respectively, there is a strong need for transnational multi-actor initiatives. These should involve all key stakeholders to develop indicators of infection and sustainable control, set targets and promote good practices to achieve them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D J Bartley
- Disease Control, Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - S Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation ELGO-DIMITRA, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Martinez-Valladares
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Departamento de Sanidad Animal, León, Spain
| | - E Claerebout
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Parasitology, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - G von Samson-Himmelstjerna
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S M Thamsborg
- Veterinary Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - H Hoste
- INRAE, UMR 1225 IHAP INRAE/ENVT, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - E R Morgan
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - L Rinaldi
- University of Naples Federico II, Unit of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, CREMOPAR, Napoli, Italy.
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Li S, Wang D, Gong J, Zhang Y. Individual and Combined Application of Nematophagous Fungi as Biological Control Agents against Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Domestic Animals. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020172. [PMID: 35215117 PMCID: PMC8879429 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are a group of parasites that threaten livestock yields, and the consequent economic losses have led to major concern in the agricultural industry worldwide. The high frequency of anthelmintic resistance amongst GINs has prompted the search for sustainable alternatives. Recently, a substantial number of both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that biological controls based on predatory fungi and ovicidal fungi are the most promising alternatives to chemical controls. In this respect, the morphological characteristics of the most representative species of these two large groups of fungi, their nematicidal activity and mechanisms of action against GINs, have been increasingly studied. Given the limitation of the independent use of a single nematophagous fungus (NF), combined applications which combine multiple fungi, or fungi and chemical controls, have become increasingly popular, although these new strategies still have antagonistic effects on the candidates. In this review, we summarize both the advantages and disadvantages of the individual fungi and the combined applications identified to date to minimize recurring infections or to disrupt the life cycle of GINs. The need to discover novel and high-efficiency nematicidal isolates and the application of our understanding to the appropriate selection of associated applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoshuo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (S.L.); (D.W.); (J.G.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (S.L.); (D.W.); (J.G.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jianchuan Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (S.L.); (D.W.); (J.G.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (S.L.); (D.W.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Predatory activity of nematophagus fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae after gastrointestinal transit: biological control in pasture areas and in vitro. J Helminthol 2021; 95:e31. [PMID: 34120670 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x21000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Biological control is a strategy to decrease parasitic populations, and the action takes place through natural antagonists in the environment. We studied the predatory activity of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes after gastrointestinal transit. Ten heifers were divided into two groups: treated (animals received pellets containing fungus) and control (animals received pellets without fungus). Twelve hours after administration, faeces samples were collected for in vitro efficacy tests. The animals then remained for 7 h in the experimental pasture area. At the end of this period, 20 faecal pads (ten treated and ten control) were selected at random. Pasture, faecal pad and soil collections occurred with an interval of 7 days, totalling four assessments. In vitro activity demonstrated that fungi effectively preyed on L3, achieving a reduction percentage of 88%. In the faecal pad of the pasture area, there was a difference (P < 0.05) between collections 3 and 4 for both groups; in the treated group a reduction of 65% was obtained, while in the control group there was an increase of 217% in the number of L3. The recovery of L3 in the soil and in the pasture was similar in both groups. There was no influence (P = 0.87) of the passage time on the fungus predatory activity. Duddingtonia flagrans demonstrated the ability to survive gastrointestinal transit in the animals, reducing the number of L3 in the faeces, indicating that this biological control has great potential in the control of worm infections.
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de Oliveira LDSSCB, Dias FGS, Melo ALT, de Carvalho LM, Silva EN, de Araújo JV. Bioverm ® in the Control of Nematodes in Beef Cattle Raised in the Central-West Region of Brazil. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050548. [PMID: 34062798 PMCID: PMC8147340 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooperia, Haemonchus and Oesophagostomum are the genera of gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes most prevalent in cattle and constitute a serious problem in cattle breeding due to the impact they have on meat and milk production and the high costs of control measures. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the efficiency of Bioverm® (Duddingtonia flagrans) in the control of gastrointestinal parasitism of young cattle raised in the field, in the Central-West region of Brazil. The experiment was conducted on a farm located in the municipality of Jangada, MT, where 18 cattle, Nelore and Aberdeen Angus breeds, aged six to ten months, were randomly divided into two groups (treated group and control group) and distributed in paddocks of Brachiaria decumbens, naturally infested by larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes. The animals in the treated group received 1g of Bioverm® for each 10 kg of body weight, administered daily with commercial feed, throughout a period of six months. In the control group, each animal received 1 g of rice bran for each 10 kg of body weight, without Bioverm®, added to the feed. Stool and pasture samples were collected every two weeks. The treated group showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in values of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) and a significant gain of body weight (p < 0.05) when compared to the control group. The fungal formulation Bioverm® was effective in pasture decontamination and consequently in reducing the occurrence of reinfection by nematodes. The animals treated with Bioverm® showed a lower parasitic load and greater weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Guerra Santos Dias
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Cuiabá 78557-287, MT, Brazil; (L.d.S.S.C.B.d.O.); (F.G.S.D.); (A.L.T.M.)
| | - Andréia Lima Tomé Melo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Cuiabá 78557-287, MT, Brazil; (L.d.S.S.C.B.d.O.); (F.G.S.D.); (A.L.T.M.)
| | | | - Edir Nepomuceno Silva
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil;
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Canhão-Dias M, Paz-Silva A, Madeira de Carvalho LM. The efficacy of predatory fungi on the control of gastrointestinal parasites in domestic and wild animals-A systematic review. Vet Parasitol 2020; 283:109173. [PMID: 32634679 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal parasites like nematodes are associated with significant impacts on animal health, causing poor growth rates, diseases and even death. Traditional parasite control includes the use of anthelmintic drugs, albeit being associated with drug resistance and ecotoxicity. In the last decade, biological control of parasites using nematophagous or predatory fungi has been increasingly studied, although systematic evidence of its efficacy is still lacking. The aim of this work was to assess the evidence of efficacy of nematophagous fungi in the control of nematodes and other gastrointestinal parasites in different animal species. METHODS Using the PICO method (Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes), we performed a systematic review on the subject to search for original papers published between January 2006 and October 2019, written in English, and indexed in PubMed/Medline. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were used in the syntax. Papers were selected for detailed review based on title and abstract. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and relevant data were collected from the remaining papers. RESULTS The literature search retrieved 616 papers. Eighty-nine were submitted to a detailed review. In the end, 53 papers were included in the analysis. The studies were very heterogeneous, using different fungi, doses, frequency of administration, duration of treatment, host animals, and target parasites. Considering the 53 papers, 44 studies (83 % of the interventions) showed efficacy, with only 9 studies (17 %) showing no significant differences when compared to control. CONCLUSION With the increasing hazards of drug resistance and ecotoxicity, biological control with predatory fungi stands out as a good tool for future parasite management, whether as a complementary treatment or as an alternative to standard parasite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Canhão-Dias
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Paz-Silva
- Control of Parasites Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - L M Madeira de Carvalho
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Arthrobotrys cladodes and Pochonia chlamydosporia in the biological control of nematodiosis in extensive bovine production system. Parasitology 2020; 147:699-705. [PMID: 32008588 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cattle production in extensive systems favours the occurrence of gastrointestinal nematodes, and the use of nematophagous fungi complements the control strategies for these nematodes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the fungi Arthrobotrys cladodes and Pochonia chlamydosporia in the biological control of gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes in grazing cattle. Twenty-four calves were randomly divided into four groups and allocated to independent paddocks from February 2018 to January 2019. In the first group, the animals received pellets containing P. chlamydosporia. In the second group, the animals received pellets containing A. cladodes. In the third group, the animals received pellets containing a combination of the fungi A. cladodes and P. chlamydosporia. In the control group, the animals received pellets without fungus. The combined use of A. cladodes and P. chlamydosporia showed greater efficacy in the biological control of bovine gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes than the same fungi used separately. The parasite load was lower and weight gain was greater (P ⩽ 0.05) in the groups of cattle treated with nematophagous fungi. Therefore, the use of A. cladodes and P. chlamydosporia is promising in the biological control of nematodiosis in cattle.
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Braga FR, Ferraz CM, da Silva EN, de Araújo JV. Efficiency of the Bioverm ® ( Duddingtonia flagrans) fungal formulation to control in vivo and in vitro of Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides papillosus in sheep. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:62. [PMID: 32030331 PMCID: PMC6977787 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-2042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to evaluate the efficiency of Bioverm® fungal formulation (Duddingtonia flagrans-AC001) in controlling Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides papillosus in sheep. In vitro predation tests were carried out in Petri dishes containing agar culture medium 2%. Four experimental groups were formed, with five replicates each: Group 1: 1 g of Bioverm ® and 1000 third-stage larvae (L3) of H. contortus; Group 2: 1000 L3 of H. contortus; Group 3: 1 g of Bioverm ® and 1000 L3 of S. papillosus; and Group 4: 1000 L3 of S. papillosus. In the in vivo tests, twelve 11-month-old sheep males positive for H. contortus were used. The animals were sorted in two groups (treatment and control), based on fecal egg counts (eggs per gram, EPG). Each group comprised six animals: treatment group-each animal received orally 100 g of Bioverm ® ; and control group-each animal received orally 100 g of rice. Subsequently, feces from these animals were collected at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 h after Bioverm ® administration. In vitro results demonstrate that D. flagrans kept its predatory activity with 91.5% of mean reduction percentage of L3. After the passage test, Bioverm ® presented efficacy already after 12 h of its administration and kept similar results for 60 h. Bioverm® fungal formulation (D. flagrans-AC001) was efficient in reducing the population of H. contortus and S. papillosus under laboratory conditions in sheep feces. However, further studies are needed under natural conditions of ruminant grazing to prove the efficiency of this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Ribeiro Braga
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Experimental e Controle Biológico, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Carolina Magri Ferraz
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Experimental e Controle Biológico, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
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Voinot M, Cazapal-Monteiro C, Hernández JÁ, Palomero AM, Arroyo FL, Sanchís J, Pedreira J, Sánchez-Andrade R, Paz-Silva A, Arias MS. Integrating the control of helminths in dairy cattle: Deworming, rotational grazing and nutritional pellets with parasiticide fungi. Vet Parasitol 2020; 278:109038. [PMID: 32000048 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-two Friesian cattle under a leaders/followers four-day rotation and passing eggs of trematodes and gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) were studied in two trials for the integrated control of these helminths over two years. In the first trial, the effect of rotational pasturing was assessed on a group of leaders (milking cows, G-L1) and followers (dried-off cows and heifers, G-F1) supplemented daily with commercial nutritional pellets. In the second trial, leaders (G-L2) and followers (G-F2) were maintained under a rotational pasturing regime; the cows received daily commercial pelleted feed and heifers pellets manufactured with a blend of parasiticide fungi (3 × 105 chlamydospores of both Mucor circinelloides and Duddingtonia flagrans/kg pellet). Deworming via closantel and albendazole was performed in cows in each trial at the beginning of their drying periods, and fourteen days later, the fecal egg-count reductions (FECR) of Calicophoron daubneyi and GIN were from 94 to 100% (average 98 %), while the percentages of reduction of cattle shedding eggs (CPCR) were from 50 to 100% (average 77 % and 82 %, respectively). The heifers were dewormed one time only, at the beginning of each trial, and the values of FECR and CPCR were 100 % against C. daubneyi and 96 % and 83 %, respectively, against GIN. Over a period of 24 months, significantly higher numbers of helminth egg-output were observed in G-L1, with the lowest numbers in G-F2. C. daubneyi egg output was reduced by 5 % (G-L1) and 42 % (G-F1) at the end of trial 1 and by 83 % (G-L2) and 100 % (G-F2) at the end of trial 2; the numbers of GIN egg-output decreased by 13 % (G-L1) and 18 % (G-F1) at the end of trial 1, and by 72 % (G-L2) and 85 % (G-F2) at the end of trial 2. No adverse effects were detected in cattle taking pellets enriched with fungal spores (G-F2). It is concluded that long-term ingestion of spores of M. circinelloides and D. flagrans provides a valuable tool to improve the effect of rotational grazing and to lessen the risk of infection by C. daubneyi and GIN in dairy cattle, and accordingly, the performance of integrated control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Voinot
- Control of Parasites Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Cristiana Cazapal-Monteiro
- Control of Parasites Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - José Ángel Hernández
- Control of Parasites Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Antonio Miguel Palomero
- Control of Parasites Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Fabián Leonardo Arroyo
- Control of Parasites Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Jaime Sanchís
- Parasitic Diseases, Veterinary Faculty, University of "La República (Regional Norte)", 50000, Salto, Uruguay
| | | | - Rita Sánchez-Andrade
- Control of Parasites Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Adolfo Paz-Silva
- Control of Parasites Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - María Sol Arias
- Control of Parasites Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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Freitas DF, Vieira-Da-Motta O, Mathias LDS, Franco RWDA, Gomes RDS, Vieira RAM, Rocha LOD, Olivares FL, Santos CDP. Synthesis and role of melanin for tolerating in vitro rumen digestion in Duddingtonia flagrans, a nematode-trapping fungus. Mycology 2019; 10:229-242. [PMID: 31632832 PMCID: PMC6781480 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2019.1631896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and a function of melanin in Duddingtonia flagrans, a nematode-trapping fungus. We tested various culture media treated with L-DOPA, glucose and tricyclazole on fungal growth and melanin distribution using infrared spectroscopy (IS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro rumen digestion was used to test the environmental stress and then to evaluate the capacity of this fungus to trap nematode larvae. The growth and melanization of the fungus after 21 days of incubation at 30°C were best in Sabouraud dextrose medium. IS indicated the presence of melanin in D. flagrans, with similar bands for commercial melanin used as a control, and assigned the values obtained by EPR (g of 2.0051 ± 0.0001) to the production of melanin by the fungus. TEM indicated that melanin was produced in melanosomes but was not totally inhibited by tricyclazole. Within the limits of experimental error, the predatory activity of fungus treated with tricyclazole was drastically affected after 27 h of in vitro anaerobic stress with rumen inoculum. The deposition of melanin particles on the fungal cell wall contributed to the maintenance of D. flagrans predatory abilities after in vitro anaerobic ruminal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivid França Freitas
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Olney Vieira-Da-Motta
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Da Silva Mathias
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto Weider De Assis Franco
- Laboratório de Ciências Físicas, Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Dos Santos Gomes
- Laboratório de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Mendonça Vieira
- Laboratório de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Letícia Oliveira Da Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabio Lopes Olivares
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Clóvis De Paula Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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de Castro Oliveira I, Vieira ÍS, de Carvalho LM, Campos AK, Freitas SG, de Araujo JM, Braga FR, de Araújo JV. Reduction of bovine strongilides in naturally contaminated pastures in the southeast region of Brazil. Exp Parasitol 2018; 194:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Mendoza-de Gives P, López-Arellano ME, Aguilar-Marcelino L, Olazarán-Jenkins S, Reyes-Guerrero D, Ramírez-Várgas G, Vega-Murillo VE. The nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans reduces the gastrointestinal parasitic nematode larvae population in faeces of orally treated calves maintained under tropical conditions—Dose/response assessment. Vet Parasitol 2018; 263:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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de Castro Oliveira I, de Carvalho LM, Vieira ÍS, Campos AK, Freitas SG, de Araujo JM, Braga FR, de Araújo JV. Using the fungus Arthrobotrys cladodes var. macroides as a sustainable strategy to reduce numbers of infective larvae of bovine gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 158:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Healey K, Lawlor C, Knox MR, Chambers M, Lamb J, Groves P. Field evaluation of Duddingtonia flagrans IAH 1297 for the reduction of worm burden in grazing animals: Pasture larval studies in horses, cattle and goats. Vet Parasitol 2018; 258:124-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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MendozCe-Gives P, López-Arellano ME, Aguilar-Marcelino L, Olazarán-Jenkins S, Reyes-Guerrero D, Ramírez-Várgas G, Vega-Murillo VE. WITHDRAWN: The nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans reduces the gastrointestinal parasitic nematode larvae population in faeces of orally treated calves maintained under tropical conditions. Dose/Response assessment. Vet Parasitol 2018:S0304-4017(18)30037-2. [PMID: 29429741 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro MendozCe-Gives
- ÁCea de Helmintología, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Parasitología Veterinaria, INIFAP, Boulevar Paseo Cuauhnahuac No. 8534, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec, Morelos, CP 62556, México.
| | - María Eugenia López-Arellano
- ÁCea de Helmintología, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Parasitología Veterinaria, INIFAP, Boulevar Paseo Cuauhnahuac No. 8534, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec, Morelos, CP 62556, México
| | - Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino
- ÁCea de Helmintología, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Parasitología Veterinaria, INIFAP, Boulevar Paseo Cuauhnahuac No. 8534, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec, Morelos, CP 62556, México
| | | | - David Reyes-Guerrero
- ÁCea de Helmintología, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Parasitología Veterinaria, INIFAP, Boulevar Paseo Cuauhnahuac No. 8534, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec, Morelos, CP 62556, México
| | - Gabriel Ramírez-Várgas
- ÁCea de Helmintología, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Parasitología Veterinaria, INIFAP, Boulevar Paseo Cuauhnahuac No. 8534, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec, Morelos, CP 62556, México
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Dai HW, Xu Q, Wang BB, Jia XY, Wan XM, Yang XC, Cai KZ, Liu ZB. In Vitro, in Vivo, and Interaction Studies of Nematophagous FungusArthrobotrys thaumasia(Monacrosporium thaumasium) with the Larvae of Trichostrongylides of Sheep. J Parasitol 2017; 103:692-698. [DOI: 10.1645/16-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Dai
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bo-Bo Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Jia
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xue-Mei Wan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xue-Cai Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Kui-Zheng Cai
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhen-Bin Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
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da Silveira WF, Braga FR, de Oliveira Tavela A, dos Santos LF, Domingues RR, Aguiar AR, Ferraz CM, de Carvalho LM, de Hollanda Ayupe T, Zanuncio JC, de Araújo JV. Nematophagous fungi combinations reduce free-living stages of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes in the field. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 150:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Cai KZ, Wang BB, Xu Q, Liu JL, Wang KY, Xue YJ, Zhang HY, Wang HY, Cao X, Ma ZR. In vitro and in vivo studies of nematophagous fungi Arthrobotrys musiformis and Arthrobotrys robusta against the larvae of the trichostrongylides. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:666-674. [PMID: 28682779 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Six isolates of Arthrobotrys musiformis and five isolates of Arthrobotrys robusta were assessed in in vitro test regarding the capacity of prey larvae of the natural mixed trichostrongylides. In 5 isolates of A. robusta, the decrease percentage of infective larvae (L3) of trichostrongylides ranged from 97.71%-99.98% and for the isolates of A. musiformis, 5 isolates ranged from 97.99%-99.95% and only NF015 isolate 60.72%. In the following, the isolate (NPS045) of A. musiformis was selected to assess its excretion time in feces after oral administration of goats. Regarding L3 reduction rate, results demonstrated by NPS045 at each time point after fungal administration were 31.65% (12 h), 51.25% (24 h), 41.07% (48 h), 6.44% (72 h), 0% (96 h) and (120 h) (p<0.05) respectively, when compared to the control group. In the plates of the treated groups, the presence of the isolate (NPS045) was detected in samples at 12, 24 and 48 h after the fungus dose and 72 h later was not done. All native isolates of nematophagous fungi, including 6 isolates of A. musiformis and 5 isolates of A. robusta were assessed in vivo regarding the capacity of supporting the passage through goat gastrointestinal tract. The 3 isolates of A. musiformis could be able to pass through the digestive tract of goats without complete loss of ability of preying larvae of trichostrongylides in feces and their efficacies ranged from 47.60% to 55.93%. The two isolates of A. robusta survived the passage and the percentage reduction of L3 in feces were 41.96% and 66.97%, respectively. The remaining isolates were negative for both the efficacy of L3 reduction and the fungal examination in feces. In this study, the native isolates whose efficacies are good in vivo test have preliminarily demonstrated to be potential for the biological control of small ruminant parasite.
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Silveira WFD, Oliveira GDD, Braga FR, Carvalho LMD, Domingues RR, Silva LAD, Zanuncio JC, Araújo JVD. Predation rate of nematophagous fungi after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of goats. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang BB, Wang FH, Xu Q, Wang KY, Xue YJ, Ren R, Zeng JQ, Liu Y, Zhang HY, Wang HY, Cai B, Cai KZ, Cao X. In vitroandin vivostudies of the native isolates of nematophagous fungi from China against the larvae of trichostrongylides. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 57:265-275. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Bo Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | | | - Qiang Xu
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Kang-Ying Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Yu-Jia Xue
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Rui Ren
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Jia-Qing Zeng
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Hai-Yu Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Bin Cai
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Kui-Zheng Cai
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Life Science and Engineering; Northwest University for Nationalities; Lanzhou China
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Longo Ribeiro Vilela V, Feitosa TF, Braga FR, de Araújo JV, dos Santos A, de Morais DF, de Oliveira Souto DV, Athayde ACR. Coadministration of nematophagous fungi for biological control over gastrointestinal helminths in sheep in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2016; 221:139-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fungal Antagonism Assessment of Predatory Species and Producers Metabolites and Their Effectiveness on Haemonchus contortus Infective Larvae. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:241582. [PMID: 26504791 PMCID: PMC4609344 DOI: 10.1155/2015/241582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess antagonism of nematophagous fungi and species producers metabolites and their effectiveness on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3). Assay A assesses the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effect on the production of spores of fungal isolates of the species Duddingtonia flagrans, Clonostachys rosea, Trichoderma esau, and Arthrobotrys musiformis; Assay B evaluates in vitro the effect of intercropping of these isolates grown in 2% water-agar (2% WA) on L3 of H. contortus. D. flagrans (Assay A) produced 5.3 × 106 spores and associated with T. esau, A. musiformis, or C. rosea reduced its production by 60.37, 45.28, and 49.05%, respectively. T. esau produced 7.9 × 107 conidia and associated with D. flagrans, A. musiformis, or C. rosea reduced its production by 39.24, 82.27, and 96.96%, respectively. A. musiformis produced 7.3 × 109 spores and associated with D. flagrans, T. esau, or C. rosea reduced its production by 99.98, 99.99, and 99.98%, respectively. C. rosea produced 7.3 × 108 conidia and associated with D. flagrans, T. esau, or A. musiformis reduced its production by 95.20, 96.84, and 93.56%, respectively. These results show evidence of antagonism in the production of spores between predators fungi.
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Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea and Duddingtonia flagrans in Reducing the Haemonchus contortus Infective Larvae. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:474879. [PMID: 26504809 PMCID: PMC4609367 DOI: 10.1155/2015/474879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The biocontrol is proven effective in reducing in vitro and in situ free-living stages of major gastrointestinal helminths, allowing progress in reducing losses by parasitism, maximizing production, and productivity. This study aimed at evaluating the predatory activity of fungal isolates of Duddingtonia flagrans and Clonostachys rosea species and its association on infective larvae (L3) of H. contortus in microplots formed by grasses and maintained in a protected environment. All groups were added with 10 mL of an aqueous suspension with 618 H. contortus L3 approximately. Group 1 was used as control and only received the infective larvae. Groups 2 and 3 received D. flagrans chlamydospores and C. rosea conidia at doses of 5 × 106. Group 4 received the combination of 5 × 106 D. flagrans chlamydospores + 5 × 106 C. rosea conidia. D. flagrans and C. rosea showed nematicidal effectiveness reducing by 91.5 and 88.9%, respectively, the population of H. contortus L3. However, when used in combination efficiency decreased to 74.5% predation of H. contortus L3. These results demonstrate the need for further studies to determine the existence of additive effects, synergistic or antagonistic, between these species.
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Evaluation of the effectiveness of Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium in the biological control of gastrointestinal nematodes in female bovines bred in the semiarid region. Vet Res Commun 2014; 38:101-6. [PMID: 24477840 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-014-9590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Brazil has a herd of 212 million cattle and 171 million hectares of pastures that produce approximately 96 % of Brazilian beef. The Brazilian production system enables animal infection by endoparasites, which are considered one of the main obstacles for the development of this industry and are responsible for considerable economic losses. The control of parasitic diseases is performed via the administration of antiparasitic drugs, but they leave residues of the products in the treated animal, affect non-target organisms and select resistant strains of the parasites. The species D. flagrans and M. thaumasium are promising and sustainable alternatives for controlling gastrointestinal helminths of ruminants and other herbivores. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of isolates of these species, formulated in a sodium alginate matrix and administered twice a week, to reduce the number of environmental infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes that affect prepubescent zebu females. The treated animals presented fewer eggs and a lower number of infective larvae per gram of faeces (p < 0.05). The pastures occupied by treated animals showed a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) of the number of L3 and, furthermore, the genera Cooperia sp., Haemonchus sp., and Oesophagostomum sp. were the most prevalent. The average weight of the animals did not differ statistically (p > 0.05) among the treated and control groups. The use of sodium alginate pellets as vehicle for delivery of the fungus mycelia D. flagrans (isolate AC001) and M. thaumasium (isolate NF34A) proved effective in controlling trichostrongylids in prepubescent cows bred in the semi-arid region, with an effective reduction in the number of infective larvae in the pastures.
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Nematophagous fungi for biological control of gastrointestinal nematodes in domestic animals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:71-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5366-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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