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Molina-Hernández V, Ruiz-Campillo MT, Martínez-Moreno FJ, Buffoni L, Martínez-Moreno Á, Zafra R, Bautista MJ, Escamilla A, Pérez-Caballero R, Pérez J. A Partially Protective Vaccine for Fasciola hepatica Induced Degeneration of Adult Flukes Associated to a Severe Granulomatous Reaction in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102869. [PMID: 34679889 PMCID: PMC8532621 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fasciolosis is a parasitic disease of livestock causing important economic losses worldwide and it is also a zoonosis. Current therapy relies on the use of anthelmintic drugs, which is no longer sustainable due to the increase of anthelmintic resistance and the risk of drug residues in food. A deep understanding of the host-parasite interaction is required to develop protective vaccines for the control of fasciolosis. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the hepatic lesions in sheep vaccinated with a partly protective vaccine for F. hepatica, a non-protective vaccine and an infected control group. The protective vaccine showed less severe hepatic lesions than the infected control group. In addition, in the protective vaccine group dead flukes surrounded by a severe granulomatous inflammation were observed, which taken together with the lower fluke burden, suggests that the host response induced by the partially protective vaccine may have been involved in the death of adult flukes of F. hepatica. This is the first study reporting the presence of degenerated flukes associated to a severe granulomatous inflammation in bile ducts in a vaccine trial, a finding that would be useful for improving vaccine efficacy in future trials. Abstract Fasciolosis is an important economic disease of livestock. There is a global interest in the development of protective vaccines since current anthelmintic therapy is no longer sustainable. A better knowledge of the host-parasite interaction is needed for the design of effective vaccines. The present study evaluates the microscopical hepatic lesions in sheep immunized with a partially protective vaccine (VAC1), a non-protective vaccine (VAC2), and an infected control group (IC). The nature of granulomatous inflammation associated with degeneration of adult flukes found in the VAC1 group was characterized by immunohistochemistry. Hepatic lesions (fibrous perihepatitis, chronic tracts, bile duct hyperplasia, infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes and plasma cells) were significantly less severe in the VAC1 group than in the IC group. Dead adult flukes within bile ducts were observed only in the VAC1 group and were surrounded by a severe granulomatous inflammation composed by macrophages and multinucleate giant cells with a high expression of lysozyme, CD163 and S100 markers, and a low expression of CD68. Numerous CD3+ T lymphocytes and scarce infiltrate of FoxP3+ Treg and CD208+ dendritic cells were present. This is the first report describing degenerated flukes associated to a severe granulomatous inflammation in bile ducts in a F. hepatica vaccine trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (V.M.-H.); (M.T.R.-C.); (M.J.B.); (J.P.)
| | - María T. Ruiz-Campillo
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (V.M.-H.); (M.T.R.-C.); (M.J.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Francisco J. Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (L.B.); (Á.M.-M.); (R.Z.); (R.P.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9-5721-8721
| | - Leandro Buffoni
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (L.B.); (Á.M.-M.); (R.Z.); (R.P.-C.)
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (L.B.); (Á.M.-M.); (R.Z.); (R.P.-C.)
| | - Rafael Zafra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (L.B.); (Á.M.-M.); (R.Z.); (R.P.-C.)
| | - María J. Bautista
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (V.M.-H.); (M.T.R.-C.); (M.J.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Alejandro Escamilla
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Físico Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Boulevard Louis Pasteur, 32, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Raúl Pérez-Caballero
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (L.B.); (Á.M.-M.); (R.Z.); (R.P.-C.)
| | - José Pérez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (V.M.-H.); (M.T.R.-C.); (M.J.B.); (J.P.)
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Durán D, Galapero J, Frontera E, Bravo-Barriga D, Blanco J, Gómez L. Histological and Immunohistochemical Study of Wounds in Sheep Skin in Maggot Therapy by Using Protophormia terraenovae (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Larvae. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:369-376. [PMID: 31821502 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A study was performed to evaluate the implication of Protophormia terraenovae larvae as a surgical therapy for wounded skin. Three groups of sheep (n = 25) were considered based on larval doses. Groups 1 and 2 were artificially infested with low and high concentrations of L1 stage P. terraenovae, respectively, and group 0 served as a control. Skin biopsies were taken at 4 and 14 d postinfestation (D.P.If). A histopathological study was carried out to evaluate the lesions with a score, numbers of eosinophils and mast cells, and an immunohistochemical analysis of CD3, CD79α, and CD68 as T lymphocytes, B lymphosytes, and macrophages, respectively. The results indicated that higher larval doses led to faster regeneration by 14 D.P.If. Furthermore, the higher larval doses showed a high number of the CD68 marker and eosinophils and a low number of CD3 and CD79α markers and mast cells. In addition, the number of mast cells, T lymphocytes, and macrophage markers increased when the lesion progressed; however, a low number of immunolabeled CD79α cells and eosinophils were observed. The results indicate a possible positive effect of larvae in the healing of certain wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Durán
- Animal Medicine Department, Pathological Anatomy Unit, University of Extremadura. Avenida de la Universidad SN. Cáceres, España
| | - Javier Galapero
- Animal Medicine Department, Pathological Anatomy Unit, University of Extremadura. Avenida de la Universidad SN. Cáceres, España
| | - Eva Frontera
- Animal Health Department, Parasitology Unit, University of Extremadura. Avenida de la Universidad SN. Cáceres, España
| | - Daniel Bravo-Barriga
- Animal Health Department, Parasitology Unit, University of Extremadura. Avenida de la Universidad SN. Cáceres, España
| | - Juan Blanco
- Animal Health Department, Parasitology Unit, University of Extremadura. Avenida de la Universidad SN. Cáceres, España
| | - Luis Gómez
- Animal Medicine Department, Pathological Anatomy Unit, University of Extremadura. Avenida de la Universidad SN. Cáceres, España
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Ahmed H, Afzal MS, Mobeen M, Simsek S. An overview on different aspects of hypodermosis: Current status and future prospects. Acta Trop 2016; 162:35-45. [PMID: 27260666 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Livestock plays a vital role in economic development of a nation and is being used in agriculture for draft power, production of farmyard manure as well as milk and meat production. Bovine hypodermosis is the top culprit among all parasitic infections across the world. Hypodermosis is an endemic disease in the mountainous areas/plain areas and is regularly observed in the northern hemisphere of the globe affecting cattle, deer, yaks and buffaloes. There is a wide variation in geographical distribution of Hypoderma spp. during the years 1945-2015. The manuscript includes a geospatial study that tries to maps the global distribution of hypodermosis in different areas of the world in order to detect hotspots or endemic areas that may be a potential source for disease spread. This information's are very useful to predict the potential high risk areas that are prone to disease outbreak. The present review aims to evaluate the global distribution, molecular discrimination, diagnostics and vaccination of hypodermosis, focusing on its current status and future perspectives towards the management of the disease and its control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mobeen
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Sami Simsek
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
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