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Yao Q, Yang F, Zhang X, Qi J, Li H, Wu Y, Liu C. EQ-5D-5L Population Scores in Mainland China: Results From a Nationally Representative Survey 2021. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2024:S1098-3015(24)02751-7. [PMID: 38977191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a lack of monitoring changes in the population scores of the most recent version, EQ-5D-5L, in mainland China. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by assessing the EQ-5D-5L scores in mainland China using a nationally representative sample. METHODS Data were extracted from the 2021 Survey of Health Index of Chinese Families, which covered 31 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities in mainland China. The survey used a multistage quota sampling strategy encompassing 120 prefecture-level cities. Quotas were allocated to each prefecture-level city in accordance with the 2020 China Population Census. This approach resulted in a final sample of 11 030 eligible questionnaires. The utility index (UI) and EuroQol Visual Analog Scale (EQ VAS) scores were reported for the entire sample (age-gender-urban/rural weighted) and by the characteristics of the study participants. RESULTS The study participants had a weighted mean UI of 0.939 (SD 0.135) and EQ VAS score of 80.19 (SD 18.39). The most commonly reported problem was anxiety/depression (26.37%), whereas self-care was the least reported problem (6.18%). Those who were male, were younger, lived without chronic conditions and disabilities, had higher levels of education, earned higher monthly household income, and were covered by basic medical insurance for urban employees had higher scores in both the UI and EQ VAS. CONCLUSION This study revealed slightly lower UI scores despite a much higher drop in EQ VAS scores whereas China maintained minimum cases of COVID-19 in 2021 compared with the population norms recorded in 2019. Further studies are warranted to unveil the full impacts of COVID-19 outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yao
- Center for Social Security Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiale Qi
- School of Journalism & Communication, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haomiao Li
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chaojie Liu
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Kangwanrattanakul K, Krägeloh CU. EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L population norms for Thailand. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1108. [PMID: 38649833 PMCID: PMC11036570 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The previous Thai norm-based scores for the EQ-5D-5L were established with Thai general population samples aged 20-70 years in 2019. Nevertheless, these values need to be updated after the COVID-19 pandemic because of its effects on both physical and mental health. This study therefore aimed to establish population norms of the Thai EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS scores as well as to estimate disutility values associated with self-reported main diseases. METHODS Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted with 2000 adult (age ≥ 18 years) members of the general Thai population to estimate norm-based scores. Each participant completed the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L as well as questions related to their sociodemographic factors and self-reported main diseases. Responses to the two instruments were converted to health utility (HU) scores on the basis of available value sets. Descriptive statistics were used to report the norm-based scores stratified by age and sex categories. Response redistribution determining the response consistency between EQ-5D versions was investigated. The HU score agreement from those two instruments was investigated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Tobit regression models were employed to investigate the relationships between sociodemographic factors and HU and EQ-VAS scores. Moreover, it was used to estimate the disutility values associated with self-reported main diseases. RESULTS The means (percentage of ceiling effects) of EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, and EQ-VAS scores were 0.845 (57.80%), 0.923 (49.05%), and 79.83 (3.20%), respectively. The average percentage of inconsistent response was 1.09%. A good agreement level was found between both EQ-5D versions with the ICCs of 0.789 (95% CI: 0.558-0.878). Female, older, and unemployed participants and those with BMI ≥ 30 reported lower EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L than their counterparts. Bone/Joint disorder and stroke contributed to the largest disutility value for those two instruments. CONCLUSIONS The Thai norm-based scores from those two instruments were diminished when advancing age and among female, unemployed, and obese (BMI ≥ 30) participants. It is expected to provide information to policy makers to better allocate health care resources to those with diminished norm-based scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittaphas Kangwanrattanakul
- Division of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, 169 Long-Hard Bangsaen Rd.,, Chonburi, Mueang, 20131, Thailand.
| | - Christian U Krägeloh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Yan J, Xie S, Johnson JA, Pullenayegum E, Ohinmaa A, Bryan S, Xie F. Canada population norms for the EQ-5D-5L. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2024; 25:147-155. [PMID: 36828968 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-023-01570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Canada, population norms are only available for 2 provinces, Alberta and Quebec. The objective of this study was to derive the population norms for the EQ-5D-5L based on a representative sample of the Canadian general population. METHODS Data from the Canadian EQ-5D-5L valuation study, a cross-sectional study, were used. A quota sampling method was used to recruit a representative sample of the Canadian general population in terms of age, sex, and education. EQ-5D-5L utilities and EQ VAS were summarized using descriptive statistics and the impact of demographic characteristics on the EQ-5D-5L utilities was evaluated using statistical hypothesis testing and Tobit regression. RESULTS 1207 eligible participants were included in the analysis. Pain/discomfort (53.1%) was the most frequently reported domain with any problem, and self-care (7.6%) domain was the least. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) EQ-5D-5L utility was 0.864 (0.121) and the mean (SD) EQ VAS was 82.3 (14.23). The highest mean EQ-5D-5L utility was 0.881 in age group 25-34 while the lowest was 0.839 in age group 55-64. Participants who had full-time employment, were married, a higher annual household income and no chronic health conditions had significantly higher EQ-5D-5L utilities. CONCLUSION This article reports the first Canadian population norms for the EQ-5D-5L and can be used as population references for economic evaluations and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Yan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shitong Xie
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Eleanor Pullenayegum
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arto Ohinmaa
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Stirling Bryan
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Espinosa O, Drummond MF, Orozco LE, Ordóñez A, Sanmartín D, Mora L, Ochalek J. Estimation of Societal Values of Health States Preferences at the National Level for Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Value Health Reg Issues 2024; 39:40-48. [PMID: 37976776 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social preference values of health states are a fundamental input for the preparation of studies in health economics. Several countries have undertaken studies to obtain these values. Our objective was to conduct a structured and systematic literature review of articles that calculates this set of representative values at the national level in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS In this systematic review, we searched the Embase, MEDLINE, Ovid, SciELO, and LILACS databases, among others, for studies published up to June 2022 that estimated nationally representative health states preferences values for LMICs. We summarized the information qualitatively and assessed the risk of bias in each article using the consensus-based standards for selecting health measurement instruments checklist tool. RESULTS Of the 23 663 articles identified, 35 studies were eligible for inclusion. The studies were from 19 countries in Latin-American, Europe, Africa, and Asia. No studies were found for low-income countries. The most commonly applied generic instrument for measuring health-related quality of life was the 5-level version of EQ-5D and 3-level version of EQ-5D. Preference was given to face-to-face administration of these instruments. The sociodemographic variables with the most significant negative correlation versus utility were older adults, marital status (widowed or divorced), and low educational level and income. CONCLUSIONS Worldwide, there have been few studies that have estimated, in a nationally representative manner, the social values of health states preferences in LMICs. We consider the local estimate of this set of societal values relevant for any society to improve decision making in allocating resources in health budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Espinosa
- Economic Models and Quantitative Methods Research Group (IMEMC), Centro de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | | | - Luis-Esteban Orozco
- School of Economics, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Directorate of Analytical, Economic and Actuarial Studies in Health, Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Angélica Ordóñez
- Directorate of Analytical, Economic and Actuarial Studies in Health, Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Daysi Sanmartín
- School of Economics, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Laura Mora
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England, UK
| | - Jessica Ochalek
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, England, UK
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Ferreira PL, Pereira LN, Antunes P, Ferreira LN. EQ-5D-5L Portuguese population norms. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2023; 24:1411-1420. [PMID: 36630005 PMCID: PMC9838350 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-022-01552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The EQ-5D-5L is a generic preference-based quality-of-life measure for which the corresponding Portuguese population value set was only recently developed. This study sought to establish EQ-5D-5L population norms for Portugal and to identify significant relationships with sociodemographic variables. METHODS The research was based on a representative sample of Portugal's general population (n = 1006) aged 18 or older. The sample was stratified by gender, age group, and geographical region. The respondents were interviewed by telephone and asked to value their own state of health using both the EQ-5D-5L description system and the EuroQol-Visual Analogue Scale (EQ VAS). RESULTS The estimated mean EQ-5D-5L index for Portugal's general population is 0.887 (standard error [SE] = 0.0051), and the EQ VAS score was estimated as 76.0 (SE = 0.640). One-third of the population reported being in the best health state (11111). Women, individuals 70 years old or more and people with low education or a chronic disease reported a lower EQ-5D-5L index score (p < 0.001). Residents in the Azores and the Algarve reported higher health utility scores. CONCLUSIONS The EQ-5D-5L Portuguese population norms obtained can be used as reference scores. These norms are consistent with other countries' population norms. The findings facilitate clinical, economic, and policy decision-making processes and provide a fuller understanding of the Portuguese population's health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Ferreira
- Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Health Studies and Research of the University of Coimbra/Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CEISUC/CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís N Pereira
- Universidade do Algarve-ESGHT, Faro, Portugal
- Centre for Health Studies and Research of the University of Coimbra/Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CEISUC/CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Centre for Tourism, Sustainability and Well-Being (CinTurs), Faro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Antunes
- Centre for Health Studies and Research of the University of Coimbra/Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CEISUC/CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Maths in Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lara N Ferreira
- Universidade do Algarve-ESGHT, Faro, Portugal.
- Centre for Health Studies and Research of the University of Coimbra/Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CEISUC/CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal.
- Research Centre for Tourism, Sustainability and Well-Being (CinTurs), Faro, Portugal.
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Merchán-Galvis AM, Muñoz-García DA, Solano F, Velásquez JC, Sotelo NF, Molina DA, Caicedo JP, Concha JM, Calvache JA, Martínez-Zapata MJ. Delayed surgery and health related quality of life in patients with proximal femoral fracture. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11131. [PMID: 37429947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish factors associated with delayed surgery in patients with proximal femoral fracture and to assess patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after surgery including all-cause 6-months mortality. This was a single-center, observational, prospective cohort study that included patients with a proximal femur fracture. We described patients' HRQoL measured by EuroQoL (EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS) questionnaire and perioperative complications (including mortality) 6 months after surgery. We included 163 patients with a mean age of 80.5 years, the majority were women and 76.1% reported falling from their own height. The mean time between hospital admission and surgery was 8.3 days (SD 4.9 days) and the mean hospital stay was 13.5 days (SD 10.4 days). After adjustment, the principal factor associated with delayed surgery was adjournment in surgery authorization (3.7 days). EQ-5D-5L index values and the VAS score at 1 month after surgery were 0.489 and 61.1, at 3 months were 0.613 and 65.8, and at 6 months 0.662 and 66.7 respectively. Mortality at 6 months of follow-up was 11% (18 patients). In conclusion, administrative authorization was the strongest associated factor with delayed time from hospital admission to surgery. HRQoL of patients with a proximal femoral fracture improved 6 months after surgery.Trial registration: NCT04217642.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela María Merchán-Galvis
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre-Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology, IIBSant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Social Medicine and Family Health, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia.
| | | | - Felipe Solano
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Manuel Concha
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - José Andrés Calvache
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - María José Martínez-Zapata
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre-Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology, IIBSant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
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Torres L, Peñuela O, Forero MDR, Satizabal J, Salazar X, Benavides D, Gamarra R, Rivera M, Vizcaya D, Franco JS. Quality of life, self-reported outcomes and impact of education among people with moderate and severe hemophilia A: An integrated perspective from a Latin American country. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287972. [PMID: 37410717 PMCID: PMC10325071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Collecting and interpreting self-reported outcomes among people with hemophilia A supports the understanding of the burden of the disease and its treatment to improve holistic care. However, in Colombia, this information is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the knowledge, perception and burden of hemophilia A from the patients' perspective. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the context of a hemophilia educational bootcamp held from November 29th to December 1st, 2019, in Medellin, Colombia. The bootcamp was organized by a hemophilia patient association responsible for contacting and inviting patients with hemophilia A (PwHA). Information on patients' health beliefs, treatment experiences, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was obtained through focus groups, individual interviews and the Patient Reported Outcomes, Burdens and Experiences (PROBE) questionnaire. A total of 25 moderate or severe PwHA were enrolled in this study and completed the PROBE questionnaire. Acute pain was the most frequently reported symptom, with 88% of the patients reporting the use of pain medication. Difficulty with activities of daily living was reported by 48%. Furthermore, 52% reported having more than 2 spontaneous bleeding events in the last year. Treatment was administered at home for 72% of patients, with regular prophylaxis as the most common treatment regimen. In terms of overall HRQoL, the median EQ-5D VAS score was 80 (IQR: 50-100). PwHA in Colombia still suffer from disease complications related to bleeding events, pain and disability that affect their HRQoL, which highlights the need to develop patient-centered initiatives to improve the wellness of this population.
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Meregaglia M, Malandrini F, Finch AP, Ciani O, Jommi C. EQ-5D-5L Population Norms for Italy. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2023; 21:289-303. [PMID: 36434410 PMCID: PMC9702834 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-022-00772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to provide normative data obtained in response to the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire in Italy and compare this with data from other countries. METHODS A sample of the Italian adult population (aged ≥ 18 years) was recruited and interviewed online using videoconferencing software (Zoom) between November 2020 and February 2021. The distribution of answers was estimated as per the descriptive system of the EQ-5D-5L, and descriptive statistics were calculated for the EQ VAS score and EQ-5D-5L index value in the whole sample and relevant subgroups. An ordinary least square (OLS) regression was performed to evaluate the impact of sociodemographic variables on EQ-5D-5L results. Lastly, a comparison was made with EQ-5D-5L population norms of other countries. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and Stata 13. RESULTS Overall, 1182 people representative of the Italian population (2020) in terms of sex and geographical area responded to the survey. Of the 3125 potential EQ-5D-5L health states, only 106 (3.4%) were selected, and the '11111' and '11112' states were chosen by half of the participants. In terms of EQ-5D-5L dimensions, the frequency of any problems (from slight to extreme) associated with anxiety and depression was high among the very young (18-24 years, 56.0%) and in women of all ages (49.7%). The mean index value (± standard deviation [SD]) was 0.93 (± 0.11) for the entire sample and gradually decreased with age, moving from 0.95 (± 0.06) in the youngest group (18-24 years) to 0.91 (± 0.13) in the oldest age group (≥ 75 years). Similarly, the mean EQ VAS score (± SD) was 81.8 (± 13.5), and decreased from 87.0 (± 8.9) in the 18-24 years age group to 75.1 (± 16.4) among participants > 75 years of age. The existence of self-reported chronic conditions (e.g., cardiovascular disease), female sex, and social assistance recipiency were negatively associated with the EQ-5D index value, while the EQ VAS score was significantly lower in people with chronic conditions and aged > 55 years. Conversely, higher income levels had a positive impact on both the EQ-5D index value and the EQ VAS score. Lastly, both the EQ-5D index value and EQ VAS score in Italy were, on average, higher than in most European countries. CONCLUSIONS EQ-5D-5L population norms provide useful insights into the health status of the Italian population and can be used as a reference for other surveys using the same instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aureliano Paolo Finch
- EuroQol Office, EuroQol Research Foundation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Health Values Research and Consultancy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oriana Ciani
- CERGAS, SDA Bocconi School of Management, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Jommi
- CERGAS, SDA Bocconi School of Management, Milan, Italy
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Bailey HH, Janssen MF, Alladin FM, La Foucade A, Varela R, Moreno JA, Wharton M, Castillo P, Boodraj G. Evaluating Health Inequality in Five Caribbean Basin Countries Using EQ-5D-5L. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2022; 20:857-866. [PMID: 35994209 PMCID: PMC9596582 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-022-00754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EQ-5D-5L is a standardized health outcomes instrument that can be added to national surveys to measure inequality in health outcomes. The aim of this study was to produce baseline values of health inequality using EQ-5D-5L for five countries in the Caribbean Basin region based on national surveys in 2012-2014. METHODS The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was included in adult population surveys of Barbados, Belize, Colombia, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. EQ-5D-5L measures were calculated for demographic groups using stratifiers from the World Health Organization's PROGRESS-Plus framework, and generalized linear models were used to test for association between EQ-5D-5L and the PROGRESS-Plus variables. Ordered logit models were used to obtain odds ratios for the effect of the PROGRESS-Plus variables on reporting problems on the EQ-5D-5L dimensions. The Kakwani index was calculated for each country. RESULTS Data were obtained for representative samples in each country, giving a combined total of 11,284 respondents. Different patterns of inequality were observed among the five countries. The biggest drivers of inequality were age and gender, and the biggest EQ-5D factors were self-care in Belize and pain/discomfort in the other four countries. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the EQ-5D-5L instrument can easily be added to national surveys. Inequality measures from this study can be used as baseline values for comparisons with future similar surveys in these five countries to infer changes in health inequality as measured by EQ-5D outcomes. These can be used to track the performance of policy initiatives aimed at specific demographic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H. Bailey
- Department of Economics, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
- HEU, Centre for Health Economics, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Mathieu F. Janssen
- Section Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fareena M. Alladin
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Trinidad and Tobago, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Althea La Foucade
- HEU, Centre for Health Economics, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Rodrigo Varela
- Center for Entrepreneurship Development, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jhon A. Moreno
- Center for Entrepreneurship Development, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Marjorie Wharton
- Sagicor Cave Hill School of Business and Management, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Cave Hill, Barbados
| | - Philip Castillo
- Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, University of Belize, Belmopan, Belize
| | - Girjanauth Boodraj
- College of Business and Management, University of Technology, Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica
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Xie S, Wu J, Xie F. Population Norms for SF-6Dv2 and EQ-5D-5L in China. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2022; 20:573-585. [PMID: 35132573 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-022-00715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To derive the population norms for EQ-5D-5L and SF-6Dv2 among the Chinese general population. METHODS Data collected alongside the Chinese SF-6Dv2 valuation study conducted between June and September 2019 were used. SF-6Dv2 and EQ-5D-5L, as well as social-demographic characteristics and self-reported chronic conditions, were collected through face-to-face interviews among a representative sample of the general population stratified by age, gender, education, and area of residence (urban/rural) in China. SF-6Dv2 and EQ-5D-5L responses were converted to utility values using the corresponding Chinese value sets. Utility values for both measures and EQ VAS scores were summarized by age and gender, and then described by different social-demographic characteristics and chronic conditions. RESULTS A total of 3397 respondents (51.2% male, age range 18-90 years) were included. 420 (12.4%) and 1726 (50.8%) respondents reported no problems on all SF-6Dv2 and EQ-5D-5L dimensions, respectively. The mean [standard deviation (SD)] utility values were 0.827 (0.143) for SF-6Dv2 and 0.946 (0.096) for EQ-5D-5L. The mean (SD) EQ VAS score was 87.1 (11.5). Respondents who resided in rural areas, were married, and were employed had higher utility values. Respondents with memory-related diseases or stroke had lower utility values than those with other chronic conditions. Utility values decreased with the increase in the number of chronic conditions. CONCLUSION This study reports the first Chinese population norms for the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6Dv2 derived using a representative sample of the Chinese general population. The norms can be used as references for economic evaluations and healthcare decision-making in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Xie
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
- Center for Social Science Survey and Data, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Guzmán Ruiz Y, Vecino-Ortiz AI, Guzman-Tordecilla N, Peñaloza-Quintero RE, Fernández-Niño JA, Rojas-Botero M, Ruiz Gomez F, Sullivan SD, Trujillo AJ. Cost-Effectiveness of the COVID-19 Test, Trace and Isolate Program in Colombia. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2022; 6:100109. [PMID: 34755146 PMCID: PMC8560002 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, Test-Trace-Isolate (TTI) programs have been recommended as a risk mitigation strategy. However, many governments have hesitated to implement them due to their costs. This study aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of implementing a national TTI program to reduce the number of severe and fatal cases of COVID-19 in Colombia. METHODS We developed a Markov simulation model of COVID-19 infection combined with a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered structure. We estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive TTI strategy compared to no intervention over a one-year horizon, from both the health system and the societal perspective. Hospitalization and mortality rates were retrieved from Colombian surveillance data. We included program costs of TTI intervention, health services utilization, PCR diagnosis test, productivity loss, and government social program costs. We used the number of deaths and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) as health outcomes. Sensitivity analyses were performed. FINDINGS Compared with no intervention, the TTI strategy reduces COVID-19 mortality by 67%. In addition, the program saves an average of $1,045 and $850 per case when observed from the social and the health system perspective, respectively. These savings are equivalent to two times the current health expenditures in Colombia per year. INTERPRETATION The TTI program is a highly cost-effective public health intervention to reduce the burden of COVID-19 in Colombia. TTI programs depend on their successful and speedy implementation. FUNDING This study was supported by the Colombian Ministry of Health through award number PUJ-04519-20 received by EPQ AVO and SDS declined to receive any funding support for this study. The contents are the responsibility of all the individual authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenny Guzmán Ruiz
- Department of Health Services. University of Washington. Fulbright Pasaporte a la Ciencia Grantee. Seattle, WA USA
| | - Andres I. Vecino-Ortiz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Nicolás Guzman-Tordecilla
- Institute of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Julián A. Fernández-Niño
- Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Antonio J. Trujillo
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
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Health-Related Quality of Life Population Norms for Belize Using EQ-5D-5L. Value Health Reg Issues 2021; 29:45-52. [PMID: 34801885 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There has been a growing interest in the use of EQ-5D health outcomes measures in Latin America and the Caribbean. Population norms data provide a benchmark against which clinicians, researchers, and policy makers can compare the health status of patient, treatment, or demographic groups. This study aimed to provide EQ-5D-5L population norms for Belize. METHODS The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was included in a national survey in Belize in 2014. The survey also captured key demographic variables. EQ-5D-5L health states, EQ-5D visual analog scale (EQ VAS) scores, and EQ-5D-5L index values (based on the Trinidad and Tobago value set) were obtained for key demographic groups in Belize. RESULTS A representative sample of 2078 respondents completed the survey. The mean index value, EQ VAS score, and ceiling level for Belize were 0.947, 82.6, and 67.8%, respectively. Similar to other Caribbean countries, Belizeans self-reported relatively high EQ VAS scores and ceiling levels compared with non-Caribbean regions. Men reported generally higher health status than women, health status declined as age rises, and the dimensions with the highest burden were pain/discomfort and mobility. CONCLUSIONS This study provides researchers and practitioners in Belize with tools to use EQ-5D-5L. Users can apply the EQ VAS scores and EQ-5D-5L states presented herein as reference values. Until an EQ-5D-5L value set is created for Belize, the Trinidad and Tobago index values can be applied to Belizean-reported EQ-5D-5L states, which can then be compared with the index values presented in this study.
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