1
|
Kidokoro M, Shiino T, Yamaguchi T, Nariai E, Kodama H, Nakata K, Sano T, Gotou K, Kisu T, Maruyama T, Kuba Y, Sakata W, Higashi T, Kiyota N, Sakai T, Yahiro S, Nagita A, Watanabe K, Hirokawa C, Hamabata H, Fujii Y, Yamamoto M, Yokoi H, Sakamoto M, Saito H, Shibata C, Inada M, Fujitani M, Minagawa H, Ito M, Shima A, Murano K, Katoh H, Kato F, Takeda M, Suga S. Nationwide and long-term molecular epidemiologic studies of mumps viruses that circulated in Japan between 1986 and 2017. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:728831. [PMID: 36386684 PMCID: PMC9650061 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.728831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In Japan, major mumps outbreaks still occur every 4–5 years because of low mumps vaccine coverage (30–40%) owing to the voluntary immunization program. Herein, to prepare for a regular immunization program, we aimed to reveal the nationwide and long-term molecular epidemiological trends of the mumps virus (MuV) in Japan. Additionally, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using next-generation sequencing to assess results from conventional genotyping using MuV sequences of the small-hydrophobic (SH) gene. We analyzed 1,064 SH gene sequences from mumps clinical samples and MuV isolates collected from 25 prefectures from 1986 to 2017. The results showed that six genotypes, namely B (110), F (1), G (900), H (3), J (41), and L (9) were identified, and the dominant genotypes changed every decade in Japan since the 1980s. Genotype G has been exclusively circulating since the early 2000s. Seven clades were identified for genotype G using SH sequence-based classification. To verify the results, we performed WGS on 77 representative isolates of genotype G using NGS and phylogenetically analyzed them. Five clades were identified with high bootstrap values and designated as Japanese clade (JPC)-1, -2, -3, -4, -5. JPC-1 and -3 accounted for over 80% of the total genotype G isolates (68.3 and 13.8%, respectively). Of these, JPC-2 and -5, were newly identified clades in Japan through this study. This is the first report describing the nationwide and long-term molecular epidemiology of MuV in Japan. The results provide information about Japanese domestic genotypes, which is essential for evaluating the mumps elimination progress in Japan after the forthcoming introduction of the mumps vaccine into Japan’s regular immunization program. Furthermore, the study shows that WGS analysis using NGS is more accurate than results obtained from conventional SH sequence-based classification and is a powerful tool for accurate molecular epidemiology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Kidokoro
- Department of Quality Assurance, Radiation Safety, and Information Management, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Minoru Kidokoro,
| | - Teiichiro Shiino
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamaguchi
- Public Hygiene Division, Gifu Prefectural Tono Region Public Health Center, Tajimi, Japan
| | - Eri Nariai
- Department of Health and Food Safety, Ishikawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroe Kodama
- Department of Health and Food Safety, Ishikawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakata
- Division of Virology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takako Sano
- Division of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chigasaki, Japan
| | - Keiko Gotou
- Division of Virology, Ibaraki Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kisu
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai National Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomomi Maruyama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Gifu Prefectural Research Institute for Health and Environmental Sciences, Kakamigahara, Japan
| | - Yumani Kuba
- Department of Medical Microbiology and zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Uruma, Japan
| | - Wakako Sakata
- Kitakyushu City Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Teruaki Higashi
- Kitakyushu City Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Naoko Kiyota
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public-Health and Environmental Science, Uto, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakai
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public-Health and Environmental Science, Uto, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yahiro
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public-Health and Environmental Science, Uto, Japan
| | - Akira Nagita
- Department of Pediatrics, Mizushima Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kaori Watanabe
- Virology Section, Niigata Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chika Hirokawa
- Virology Section, Niigata Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiki Fujii
- Division of Biological Science, Hiroshima City Institute of Public Health, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miwako Yamamoto
- Division of Biological Science, Hiroshima City Institute of Public Health, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hajime Yokoi
- Health Science Division, Chiba City Institute of Health and Environment, Chiba, Japan
| | - Misako Sakamoto
- Health Science Division, Chiba City Institute of Health and Environment, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Saito
- Department of Microbiology, Akita Prefectural Research Center for Public Health and Environment, Akita, Japan
| | - Chihiro Shibata
- Department of Microbiology, Akita Prefectural Research Center for Public Health and Environment, Akita, Japan
| | - Machi Inada
- Virology and Epidemiology Division, Nara Prefecture Institute of Health, Sakurai, Japan
| | - Misako Fujitani
- Virology and Epidemiology Division, Nara Prefecture Institute of Health, Sakurai, Japan
| | - Hiroko Minagawa
- Laboratory of Virology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miyabi Ito
- Laboratory of Virology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akari Shima
- Microbiology Division, Saga Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Pharmaceutical Research, Saga, Japan
| | - Keiko Murano
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katoh
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Kato
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Suga
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Frost JR, Shaikh S, Severini A. Exploring the Mumps Virus Glycoproteins: A Review. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061335. [PMID: 35746805 PMCID: PMC9229384 DOI: 10.3390/v14061335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The resurgence of mumps in vaccinated adult populations has raised concerns about possible waning vaccine immunity or a potential lack of protection to the circulating strain. A number of individual studies have investigated if there are amino acid variations between the circulating wild-type strains and vaccine strains. In these studies, the HN and F mumps surface glycoproteins have been of interest, because of their role in viral infection, and because the HN protein is the target of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we summarize the single nucleotide variants and their potential effect that have been identified between mumps genotypes in the HN and F proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Rae Frost
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (J.R.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Saba Shaikh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (J.R.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Alberto Severini
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (J.R.F.); (S.S.)
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, NMLB, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-789-6022; Fax: +1-204-318-2222
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Won H, Kim AR, Yoo JS, Chung GT, Kang HJ, Kim SJ, Kim SS, Lee JW. Cross-neutralization between vaccine and circulating wild-type mumps viruses in Korea. Vaccine 2021; 39:1870-1876. [PMID: 33642163 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mumps is a contagious disease caused by the mumps virus. It can be prevented using mumps vaccines, administered as a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. For first and second dose immunization, children aged 12-15 months and 4-6 years have been administered this vaccine since 1997 in Korea. Nevertheless, mumps outbreaks still occur in vaccinated populations worldwide. Hence, immunity against these diseases may be attenuated, or there are antigenic differences between currently available vaccine strains and circulating wild-type viruses. After the introduction of national immunization programs in Korea, mumps cases became sporadic. Viral genotypes F, H, and I have emerged since 1998 whereas the vaccine strains belong to genotype A. Here, we compared the amino acid sequences of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene from wild-type viruses and the mumps vaccine and measured the cross-neutralization titers between them. We selected the F, H, and I wild-type mumps strains circulating in Korea from 1998 to 2016 and analyzed changes in the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the HN gene. We measured mumps virus-specific IgG and rapid focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT) titers in Korean isolates and sera obtained from 50 children aged 1-2 years who had been administered a single dose of MMR vaccine. Analysis of the HN protein sequences disclosed no changes in the glycosylation sites but did reveal 4-5 differences between the Korean isolates and the genotype A vaccine strain in terms of the neutralizing epitope sites on their HN proteins. Post-vaccination FRNT titers were significantly lower against genotypes F, H, and I than they were against genotype A. This finding highlights the possibility of a recurrence of mumps outbreaks in vaccinated populations depending on the degree of genetic conservation of the HN gene. Further research into this issue is needed to prevent the resurgence of mumps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeran Won
- Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Ra Kim
- Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sik Yoo
- Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyung Tae Chung
- Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ji Kang
- Division of Viral Disease, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Disease, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Division of Viral Disease, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Disease, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soon Kim
- Korea National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Woo Lee
- Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma J, Wang P, Tang J, Zheng L, Li S, Huo Y. Epidemiological and Phylogenetic Analysis of Mumps Virus Isolated from 2016 to 2019 in Henan Province, China. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 74:187-192. [PMID: 33132301 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Routine vaccination has proven to be highly effective in reducing the incidence of mumps. However, sporadic cases and/or mumps outbreaks have been reported in children and adolescents younger than 15 years of age, particularly among those aged 5-9 years. To explore the characteristics of such outbreaks in the Henan Province, clinical data of patients infected with mumps virus (MuV) were collected, and the isolated strains were phylogenetically analyzed. Of the total 426 samples analyzed, MuV RNA targeting the small hydrophobic (SH) gene was detected in 153 samples. MuV-positive cases in age groups <5 years, 5-9 years, 10-15 years, 16-19 years, and ≥20 years accounted for 1%, 17%, 12%, 2%, and 4% of the total number of cases, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the SH gene sequences indicated that all of the isolated strains were of genotype F, and isolates in the same subcluster and with identical SH gene sequences tended to be derived from the same community or municipalities when analyzed alongside epidemiological data. In conclusion, the incidence of mumps in the Henan Province was high. The data provided in this study might promote further research in the clarification of the specific causes of mumps outbreaks, which can facilitate the implementation of effective prevention and control measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Jing Tang
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijun Zheng
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sanjing Li
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Huo
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alkam D, Jenjaroenpun P, Wongsurawat T, Udaondo Z, Patumcharoenpol P, Robeson M, Haselow D, Mason W, Nookaew I, Ussery D, Jun SR. Genomic characterization of mumps viruses from a large-scale mumps outbreak in Arkansas, 2016. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 75:103965. [PMID: 31319177 PMCID: PMC6832845 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2016, a year-long large-scale mumps outbreak occurred in Arkansas among a highly-vaccinated population. A total of 2954 mumps cases were identified during this outbreak. The majority of cases (1676 (57%)) were school-aged children (5-17 years), 1536 (92%) of these children had completed the mumps vaccination schedule. To weigh the possibility that the mumps virus evaded vaccine-induced immunity in the affected Arkansas population, we established a pipeline for genomic characterization of the outbreak strains. Our pipeline produces whole-genome sequences along with phylogenetic analysis of the outbreak mumps virus strains. We collected buccal swab samples of patients who tested positive for the mumps virus during the 2016 Arkansas outbreak, and used the portable Oxford Nanopore Technology to sequence the extracted strains. Our pipeline identified the genotype of the Arkansas mumps strains as genotype G and presented a genome-based phylogenetic tree with superior resolution to a standard small hydrophobic (SH) gene-based tree. We phylogenetically compared the Arkansas whole-genome sequences to all publicly available mumps strains. While these analyses show that the Arkansas mumps strains are evolutionarily distinct from the vaccine strains, we observed no correlation between vaccination history and phylogenetic grouping. Furthermore, we predicted potential B-cell epitopes encoded by the Arkansas mumps strains using a random forest prediction model trained on antibody-antigen protein structures. Over half of the predicted epitopes of the Jeryl-Lynn vaccine strains in the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) surface glycoprotein (a major target of neutralizing antibodies) region are missing in the Arkansas mumps strains. In-silico analyses of potential epitopes may indicate that the Arkansas mumps strains display antigens with reduced immunogenicity, which may contribute to reduced vaccine effectiveness. However, our in-silico findings should be assessed by robust experiments such as cross neutralization assays. Metadata analysis showed that vaccination history had no effect on the evolution of the Arkansas mumps strains during this outbreak. We conclude that the driving force behind the spread of the mumps virus in the 2016 Arkansas outbreak remains undetermined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duah Alkam
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Zulema Udaondo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Preecha Patumcharoenpol
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Michael Robeson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Dirk Haselow
- Arkansas Department of Health, 4815 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - William Mason
- Arkansas Department of Health, 4815 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - David Ussery
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Se-Ran Jun
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Differences in antigenic sites and other functional regions between genotype A and G mumps virus surface proteins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13337. [PMID: 30190529 PMCID: PMC6127219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface proteins of the mumps virus, the fusion protein (F) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), are key factors in mumps pathogenesis and are important targets for the immune response during mumps virus infection. We compared the predicted amino acid sequences of the F and HN genes from Dutch mumps virus samples from the pre-vaccine era (1957-1982) with mumps virus genotype G strains (from 2004 onwards). Genotype G is the most frequently detected mumps genotype in recent outbreaks in vaccinated communities, especially in Western Europe, the USA and Japan. Amino acid differences between the Jeryl Lynn vaccine strains (genotype A) and genotype G strains were predominantly located in known B-cell epitopes and in N-linked glycosylation sites on the HN protein. There were eight variable amino acid positions specific to genotype A or genotype G sequences in five known B-cell epitopes of the HN protein. These differences may account for the reported antigenic differences between Jeryl Lynn and genotype G strains. We also found amino acid differences in and near sites on the HN protein that have been reported to play a role in mumps virus pathogenesis. These differences may contribute to the occurrence of genotype G outbreaks in vaccinated communities.
Collapse
|
7
|
May M, Rieder CA, Rowe RJ. Emergent lineages of mumps virus suggest the need for a polyvalent vaccine. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 66:1-4. [PMID: 28987391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mumps outbreaks among vaccinated patients have become increasingly common in recent years. While there are multiple conditions driving this re-emergence, convention has suggested that these outbreaks are associated with waning immunity rather than vaccine escape. Molecular evidence from both the ongoing American and Dutch outbreaks in conjunction with recent structural biology studies challenge this convention, and suggest that emergent lineages of mumps virus exhibit key differences in antigenic epitopes from the vaccine strain employed: Jeryl-Lynn 5. The American and Dutch 2016-2017 outbreak lineages were examined using computational biology through the lens of diversity in immunogenic epitopes. Findings are discussed and the laboratory evidence indicating neutralization of heterologous mumps strains by serum from vaccinated individuals is reviewed. Taken together, it is concluded that the number of heterologous epitopes occurring in mumps virus in conjunction with waning immunity is facilitating small outbreaks in vaccinated patients, and that consideration of a polyvalent mumps vaccine is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan May
- University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gouma S, Ten Hulscher HI, Schurink-van 't Klooster TM, de Melker HE, Boland GJ, Kaaijk P, van Els CACM, Koopmans MPG, van Binnendijk RS. Mumps-specific cross-neutralization by MMR vaccine-induced antibodies predicts protection against mumps virus infection. Vaccine 2016; 34:4166-4171. [PMID: 27372154 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Similar to other recent mumps genotype G outbreaks worldwide, most mumps patients during the recent mumps genotype G outbreaks in the Netherlands had received 2 doses of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine during childhood. Here, we investigate the capacity of vaccine-induced antibodies to neutralize wild type mumps virus strains, including mumps virus genotype G. METHODS In this study, we tested 105 pre-outbreak serum samples from students who had received 2 MMR vaccine doses and who had no mumps virus infection (n=76), symptomatic mumps virus infection (n=10) or asymptomatic mumps virus infection (n=19) during the mumps outbreaks. In all samples, mumps-specific IgG concentrations were measured by multiplex immunoassay and neutralization titers were measured against the Jeryl Lynn vaccine strain and against wild type genotype G and genotype D mumps virus strains. RESULTS The correlation between mumps-specific IgG concentrations and neutralization titers against Jeryl Lynn was poor, which suggests that IgG concentrations do not adequately represent immunological protection against mumps virus infection by antibody neutralization. Pre-outbreak neutralization titers in infected persons were significantly lower against genotype G than against the vaccine strain. Furthermore, antibody neutralization of wild type mumps virus genotype G and genotype D was significantly reduced in pre-outbreak samples from infected persons as compared with non-infected persons. No statistically significant difference was found for the vaccine strain. The sensitivity/specificity ratio was largest for neutralization of the genotype G strain as compared with the genotype D strain and the vaccine strain. CONCLUSIONS The reduced neutralization of wild type mumps virus strains in MMR vaccinated persons prior to infection indicates that pre-outbreak mumps virus neutralization is partly strain-specific and that neutralization differs between infected and non-infected persons. Therefore, we recommend the use of wild type mumps virus neutralization assays as preferred tool for surveillance of protection against mumps virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Gouma
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hinke I Ten Hulscher
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Tessa M Schurink-van 't Klooster
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Hester E de Melker
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Greet J Boland
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Patricia Kaaijk
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Cécile A C M van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob S van Binnendijk
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vaidya SR, Chowdhury DT, Jadhav SM, Hamde VS. Complete genome sequence of mumps viruses isolated from patients with parotitis, pancreatitis and encephalitis in India. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 39:272-278. [PMID: 26876221 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Limited information is available regarding epidemiology of mumps in India. Mumps vaccine is not included in the Universal Immunization Program of India. The complete genome sequences of Indian mumps virus (MuV) isolates are not available, hence this study was performed. Five isolates from bilateral parotitis and pancreatitis patients from Maharashtra, a MuV isolate from unilateral parotitis patient from Tamil Nadu, and a MuV isolate from encephalitis patient from Uttar Pradesh were genotyped by the standard protocol of the World Health Organization and subsequently complete genomes were sequenced. Indian MuV genomes were compared with published MuV genomes, including reference genotypes and eight vaccine strains for the genetic differences. The SH gene analysis revealed that five MuV isolates belonged to genotype C and two belonged to genotype G strains. The percent nucleotide divergence (PND) was 1.1% amongst five MuV genotype C strains and 2.2% amongst two MuV genotype G strains. A comparison with widely used mumps Jeryl Lynn vaccine strain revealed that Indian mumps isolates had 54, 54, 53, 49, 49, 38, and 49 amino acid substitutions in Chennai-2012, Kushinagar-2013, Pune-2008, Osmanabad-2012a, Osmanabad-2012b, Pune-1986 and Pune-2012, respectively. This study reports the complete genome sequences of Indian MuV strains obtained in years 1986, 2008, 2012 and 2013 that may be useful for further studies in India and globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil R Vaidya
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, 20-A Dr Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India.
| | - Deepika T Chowdhury
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, 20-A Dr Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Santoshkumar M Jadhav
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, 20-A Dr Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Venkat S Hamde
- Department of Microbiology, Yogeshwari Mahavidyalaya Ambajogai affiliated to Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431 004, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mane A, Vidhate P, Kusro C, Waman V, Saxena V, Kulkarni-Kale U, Risbud A. Molecular mechanisms associated with Fluconazole resistance in clinical Candida albicans isolates from India. Mycoses 2015; 59:93-100. [PMID: 26648048 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to azole antifungals is a significant problem in Candida albicans. An understanding of resistance at molecular level is essential for the development of strategies to tackle resistance and rationale design of newer antifungals and target-based molecular approaches. This study presents the first evaluation of molecular mechanisms associated with fluconazole resistance in clinical C.albicans isolates from India. Target site (ERG11) alterations were determined by DNA sequencing, whereas real-time PCRs were performed to quantify target and efflux pump genes (CDR1, CDR2, MDR1) in 87 [Fluconazole susceptible (n = 30), susceptible-dose dependent (n = 30) and resistant (n = 27)] C.albicans isolates. Cross-resistance to fluconazole, ketoconazole and itraconazole was observed in 74.1% isolates. Six amino acid substitutions were identified, including 4 (E116D, F145L, E226D, I437V) previously reported ones and 2 (P406L, Q474H) new ones. CDR1 over-expression was seen in 77.7% resistant isolates. CDR2 was exclusively expressed with CDR1 and their concomitant over-expression was associated with azole cross-resistance. MDR1 and ERG11 over-expression did not seem to be associated with resistance. Our results show that drug efflux mediated by Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporters, especially CDR1 is the predominant mechanism of fluconazole resistance and azole cross-resistance in C. albicans and indicate the need for research directed towards developing strategies to tackle efflux mediated resistance to salvage azoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arati Mane
- National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Chanchal Kusro
- National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaishali Waman
- Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Bioinformatics Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vandana Saxena
- National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Urmila Kulkarni-Kale
- Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Bioinformatics Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun Risbud
- National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mankertz A, Beutel U, Schmidt FJ, Borgmann S, Wenzel JJ, Ziegler P, Weißbrich B, Santibanez S. Laboratory-based investigation of suspected mumps cases submitted to the German National Reference Centre for Measles, Mumps, and Rubella, 2008 to 2013. Int J Med Microbiol 2015; 305:619-26. [PMID: 26358914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2008 to 2013, sample sets from 534 patients displaying clinical symptoms of mumps were submitted to the German Reference Centre for Measles, Mumps and Rubella. Mumps virus infection was confirmed in 216 cases (40%) by PCR and/or serology. Confirmed cases were more frequently seen in male than in female patients (128 vs. 81); the age group predominantly affected was 15 to 29 years old (65%, median age: 26.4 years). The majority of the confirmed cases had a remote history of vaccination with one or two doses of a mumps-containing vaccine (69%). Our results indicate that mumps virus caused two outbreaks in Bavaria in 2008 and 2010/2011 and a third one in Lower Saxony in 2011. Mumps virus genotype G was preponderantly detected from 2008 to 2013. For 107 of the 216 patients with a confirmed mumps infection, we correlated the results from PCR and serology. PCR detected cases during the first week after onset of symptoms (74% positive results). PCR worked best with throat swabs and oral fluids (61% and 60% positive results, respectively). IgM was more reliable with a longer time after onset of symptoms (67%), but indirect IgM serology was of insufficient sensitivity for vaccinated mumps cases (30%); the IgM μ-capture assay detected more cases in this group. Mumps virus is able to initiate an infection in vaccinated patients (secondary vaccine failure, SVF) although it is unclear to what extent. Since SVF does occur in highly vaccinated populations and IgM will not increase to detectable levels in all SVF patients, we strongly recommend using PCR plus serology tests to avoid false-negative diagnoses in vaccinated individuals with clinical signs of mumps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Mankertz
- Robert Koch-Institute, National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | - Stefan Borgmann
- Klinikum Ingolstadt, Department of Clinical Infectiology and Infection Control, Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Wenzel
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Ziegler
- Public Health Department Landshut, Landshut, Germany
| | - Benedikt Weißbrich
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Santibanez
- Robert Koch-Institute, National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vermeire T, Vermaere S, Schepens B, Saelens X, Van Gucht S, Martens L, Vandermarliere E. Scop3D: three-dimensional visualization of sequence conservation. Proteomics 2015; 15:1448-52. [PMID: 25641949 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The integration of a protein's structure with its known sequence variation provides insight on how that protein evolves, for instance in terms of (changing) function or immunogenicity. Yet, collating the corresponding sequence variants into a multiple sequence alignment, calculating each position's conservation, and mapping this information back onto a relevant structure is not straightforward. We therefore built the Sequence Conservation on Protein 3D structure (scop3D) tool to perform these tasks automatically. The output consists of two modified PDB files in which the B-values for each position are replaced by the percentage sequence conservation, or the information entropy for each position, respectively. Furthermore, text files with absolute and relative amino acid occurrences for each position are also provided, along with snapshots of the protein from six distinct directions in space. The visualization provided by scop3D can for instance be used as an aid in vaccine development or to identify antigenic hotspots, which we here demonstrate based on an analysis of the fusion proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus and mumps virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Vermeire
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jin L, Örvell C, Myers R, Rota PA, Nakayama T, Forcic D, Hiebert J, Brown KE. Genomic diversity of mumps virus and global distribution of the 12 genotypes. Rev Med Virol 2014; 25:85-101. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jin
- Virus Reference Department, Reference Microbiology Services; Public Health England; London UK
| | - Claes Örvell
- Division of Clinical Virology; Huddinge University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Richard Myers
- Virus Reference Department, Reference Microbiology Services; Public Health England; London UK
| | - Paul A. Rota
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta USA
| | | | - Dubravko Forcic
- University of Zagreb; Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Joanne Hiebert
- National Microbiology Laboratory; Public Health Agency of Canada; Winnipeg Canada
| | - Kevin E. Brown
- Virus Reference Department, Reference Microbiology Services; Public Health England; London UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gouma S, Sane J, Gijselaar D, Cremer J, Hahné S, Koopmans M, van Binnendijk R. Two major mumps genotype G variants dominated recent mumps outbreaks in the Netherlands (2009–2012). J Gen Virol 2014; 95:1074-1082. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.062943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During three seasons of mumps outbreaks in the Netherlands (September 2009–August 2012), 822 mumps cases were laboratory-confirmed at the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). Most patients were vaccinated young adults. Given the protracted endemic circulation, we studied the genetic diversity and changes of mumps virus over a period of 3 years. Phylogenetic analysis of the small hydrophobic (SH) gene (316 bp) was performed on a representative set of 808 specimens that tested positive for mumps via PCR. Additionally, the haemagglutinin/neuraminidase (HN) gene (1749 bp) and fusion (F) gene (1617 bp) were sequenced for a subset of samples (n = 17). Correlations between different sequence types and epidemiological and clinical data were investigated. The outbreaks in the Netherlands were dominated by two SH gene sequence types within genotype G, termed MuVs/Delft.NLD/03.10 (variant 1) and MuVs/Scheemda.NLD/12.10 (variant 2). Sequence analysis of the HN and F genes indicated that the outbreaks were initiated by separately introduced genetic lineages. The predominance of variant 2 by the end of the first outbreak season could not be explained by any of the epidemiological factors investigated. Orchitis was more frequently reported in males infected with variant 2, irrespective of age and vaccination status. These findings illustrate genetic heterogeneity of an emerging mumps genotype, and raise questions about the mechanisms driving mumps epidemiology and immunity in relation to vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Gouma
- Virology Department, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jussi Sane
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 171 83 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Gijselaar
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Cremer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Hahné
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Koopmans
- Virology Department, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rob van Binnendijk
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liang Y, Ma J, Li C, Chen Y, Liu L, Liao Y, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Wang XY, Che Y, Deng W, Li H, Cui X, Ma N, Ding D, Xie Z, Cui P, Ji Q, Wang J, Zhao Y, Wang J, Li Q. Safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated mumps vaccine: a phase I clinical trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:1382-90. [PMID: 24614759 DOI: 10.4161/hv.28334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mumps, a communicable, acute and previously well-controlled disease, has had recent and occasional resurgences in some areas. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, controlled and multistep phase I study of an F-genotype attenuated mumps vaccine produced in human diploid cells was conducted. A total of 300 subjects were enrolled and divided into 4 age groups: 16-60 years, 5-16 years, 2-5 years and 8-24 months. The groups were immunized with one injection per subject. Three different doses of the F-genotype attenuated mumps vaccine, A (3.5 ± 0.25 logCCID50), B (4.25 ± 0.25 logCCID50) and C (5.0 ± 0.25 logCCID50), as well as a placebo control and a positive control of a licensed A-genotype vaccine (S79 strain) were used. The safety and immunogenicity of this vaccine were compared with those of the controls. RESULTS The safety evaluation suggested that mild adverse reactions were observed in all groups. No serious adverse event (SAE) was reported throughout the trial. The immunogenicity test showed a similar seroconversion rate of the neutralizing and ELISA antibody in the 2- to 5-year-old and 8- to 24-month-old groups compared with the seroconversion rate in the positive control. The GMT of the neutralizing anti-F-genotype virus antibodies in the vaccine groups was slightly higher than that in the positive control group. CONCLUSIONS The F-genotype attenuated mumps vaccine evaluated in this clinical trial was demonstrated to be safe and have effective immunogenicity vs. control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Institute Of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medicine Science; Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, PR China
| | - Jingchen Ma
- Hebei province Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Changgui Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control; Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Longding Liu
- Institute Of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medicine Science; Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, PR China
| | - Yun Liao
- Institute Of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medicine Science; Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute Of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medicine Science; Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, PR China
| | - Li Jiang
- Institute Of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medicine Science; Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, PR China
| | - Xuan-Yi Wang
- Institute of Biological Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yanchun Che
- Institute Of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medicine Science; Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, PR China
| | - Wei Deng
- Institute of Biological Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control; Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Cui
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control; Beijing, PR China
| | - Na Ma
- Institute Of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medicine Science; Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, PR China
| | - Dong Ding
- Institute Of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medicine Science; Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, PR China
| | - Zhongping Xie
- Institute Of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medicine Science; Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, PR China
| | - Pingfang Cui
- Institute Of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medicine Science; Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, PR China
| | - Qiuyan Ji
- Institute Of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medicine Science; Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, PR China
| | - JingJing Wang
- Institute Of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medicine Science; Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, PR China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Hebei province Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Junzhi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control; Beijing, PR China
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute Of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medicine Science; Peking Union Medical College; Kunming, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Homan EJ, Bremel RD. Are cases of mumps in vaccinated patients attributable to mismatches in both vaccine T-cell and B-cell epitopes?: An immunoinformatic analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:290-300. [PMID: 24275080 PMCID: PMC4185895 DOI: 10.4161/hv.27139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resurgent mumps outbreaks have raised questions about the current efficacy of mumps vaccines. We have applied immunoinformatics techniques based on principal component analysis to evaluate patterns in predicted B-cell linear epitopes, MHC binding affinity and cathepsin cleavage in the hemagglutinin neuraminidase protein of vaccine strains and wild-type mumps isolates. We have mapped predicted MHC-peptide binding for 37 MHC-I and 28 MHC-II alleles and predicted cleavage by cathepsin B, L and S. By all measures we applied Jeryl-Lynn JL5 major strain is an outlier with immunomic features arising from a small number of amino acid changes that distinguish it from other virus strains. Individuals vaccinated with Jeryl-Lynn who are not exposed to wild-type virus until their protective antibody titer has waned may be unable to recall a protective immune response when exposed to wild-type virus. Dependence on serology to evaluate mumps vaccines may have overemphasized the conservation of one neutralizing antibody epitope, at the expense of monitoring other related changes in the HN protein that could affect recall responses.
Collapse
|
17
|
Cui A, Brown DWG, Xu W, Jin L. Genetic variation in the HN and SH genes of mumps viruses: a comparison of strains from mumps cases with and without neurological symptoms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61791. [PMID: 23637906 PMCID: PMC3634820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that mumps virus (MuV) strains may vary in their neurovirulent capacity, and certain MuV strains may be highly neurotropic. In animal models and epidemiological studies, mutations at specific amino acids (aa) have been proposed to be associated with neurovirulence. To assess whether these genetic variations can be observed in clinical samples from patients and if they correlate with neurovirulence as determined by clinical symptoms, 39 mumps patients with or without neurological symptoms were investigated. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Respiratory samples, oral fluids, throat swabs, and neurological and cerebrospinal fluid samples were tested by RT-PCR and products sequenced. Sequences of the entire small hydrophobic (SH) gene and the partial hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene were compared. CONCLUSIONS The results showed there was no significant difference between the samples of the two groups of patients at the aa sites in either the HN protein or the SH protein, which have previously been hypothesized to be associated with neurovirulence or antigenicity. The occurrence of neurological symptoms of mumps does not appear to be due to a single point mutation in either the HN or SH gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aili Cui
- National Institute of Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Virus Reference Department, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - David W. G. Brown
- Virus Reference Department, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Institute of Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Jin
- Virus Reference Department, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shi H, Liu L, Ma S, Chen J, Che Y, Wang J, Li Q. Molecular epidemiology of mumps virus strains circulating in south-west China from 2007 to 2009. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:1496-1501. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.021907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Longding Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Shaohui Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Junying Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Yanchun Che
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science, Kunming 650118, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ninomiya K, Kanayama T, Fujieda N, Nakayama T, Komase K, Nagata K, Takeuchi K. Amino acid substitution at position 464 in the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of a mumps virus Urabe strain enhanced the virus growth in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Vaccine 2009; 27:6160-5. [PMID: 19712764 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mumps virus (MuV) infects various organs including central nervous system (CNS). However, the molecular basis of the neural cell specificity of MuV is not well understood. We found that the Hoshino vaccine strain rescued from cDNA replicated moderately in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, while an Urabe strain (Ur89-250) isolated from a post-vaccination aseptic meningitis case replicated efficiently in the same cells. In order to examine the contribution of individual genes of Ur89-250 to the growth in SH-SY5Y cells, recombinant Hoshino vaccine strains in which each gene(s) was replaced with corresponding gene(s) of Ur89-250 were generated. A recombinant virus possessing the small hydrophobic and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes of Ur89-250 grew as efficiently in SH-SY5Y cells as Ur89-250. Further analysis indicated that an amino acid substitution at position 464 in the HN protein was most important for efficient growth. Thus, single amino acid substitution in the HN protein could affect neural cell specificity of mumps virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Ninomiya
- Department of Infection Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tillieux SL, Halsey WS, Sathe GM, Vassilev V. Comparative analysis of the complete nucleotide sequences of measles, mumps, and rubella strain genomes contained in Priorix-Tetra and ProQuad live attenuated combined vaccines. Vaccine 2009; 27:2265-73. [PMID: 19428841 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Measles, mumps, and rubella are three common viral childhood diseases that can have serious complications. Active immunization against these diseases became possible with the development of live attenuated virus vaccines in the late 1960s. Vaccines against these three diseases were combined into trivalent (Priorix, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals and M-M-R(II), Merck & Co., Inc.) or tetravalent vaccines including the addition of a live attenuated VZV Oka strain (Priorix-Tetra, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals and ProQuad, Merck & Co., Inc.). In this study, we report the complete nucleotide sequence of the vaccine strain genomes of the measles (Schwarz and attenuated Edmonston Enders), mumps (RIT 4385 and JL1 component of Jeryl Lynn), and rubella (Wistar RA 27/3) viruses included in the two tetravalent vaccines. Sequencing analysis of the individual virus components in the commercially distributed tetravalent vaccine lots showed that there are no nucleotide differences between the measles, mumps (JL1 component), and rubella vaccine strain genomes of Priorix-Tetra and ProQuad. The observed genetic identity of the individual strains in both vaccines is consistent with their clinical profiles; Priorix-Tetra and ProQuad are both well tolerated and elicit protective immune responses against these three childhood diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sueli L Tillieux
- GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Research and Development, Viral Vaccines, Rue de l'Institut, 89, B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
VP6 capsid protein of chicken rotavirus strain CH2: Sequence, Phylogeny and In Silico antigenic analyses. Virus Res 2008; 137:173-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
22
|
Ivancic-Jelecki J, Santak M, Forcic D. Variability of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and nucleocapsid protein of vaccine and wild-type mumps virus strains. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2008; 8:603-13. [PMID: 18508415 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2008] [Revised: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The mumps virus (MuV) molecular evolution is characterized by the co-circulation of numerous distinct strains. Standardized phylogenetic analyses based on the nucleotide sequences of the SH gene are important for mumps surveillance, but lack the information regarding antigenic properties. So far, the location of antigenic epitopes has been determined for two MuV proteins, the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and the nucleocapsid (N) protein. We performed multiple sequence comparisons of putative HN and N protein sequences in order to describe their diversity and plasticity, and to determine the level of similarity between vaccine and wild-type strains. The results of full-length HN or N protein phylogeny showed that MuV strains form a number of differing clades which are in concordance with grouping obtained by standard MuV genotyping. When vaccine strains are compared to all wild-type strains, the highest mean percentage of amino acid differences in both HN and N protein analysis was found for Jeryl Lynn 5 and Jeryl Lynn 2 strains while the lowest value was obtained for Leningrad-3 and L-Zagreb strains. When only 3 antigenic regions of the HN protein, comprising 45 amino acids in total, were investigated, the diversity is considerably diminished: 51.5% of all putative HN proteins show identical sequences (including those of vaccine strains L-Zagreb, Leningrad-3, Hoshino and Urabe). Another 26.5% proteins (including Miyahara vaccine strain) differ in only one amino acid, while the others differ in two to five amino acids from the most common sequence. Jeryl Lynn 2 and Jeryl Lynn 5 strains differ in four amino acids each. N protein antigenic sites have been mapped within its hypervariable C-terminus. Our results indicate that there might be genotype-specific amino acids residing in this antigenic region. The results of our study present the background information for investigations of MuV heterogeneity and antigenic diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Ivancic-Jelecki
- Molecular Biomedicine Unit, Department for Research and Development, Institute of Immunology Inc., Rockefellerova 10, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alirezaie B, Aghaiypour K, Shafyi A. Genetic characterization of RS-12 (S-12), an Iranian isolate of mumps virus, by sequence analysis and comparative genomics of F, SH, and HN genes. J Med Virol 2008; 80:702-10. [PMID: 18297711 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
RS-12 mumps virus strain was isolated in 1986, in monkey kidney cells, from the throat-washing of an Iranian patient and developed to RS-12 vaccine by serial passage of the pathogen in MRC-5 cells. During the present study, an early passage RS-12 containing its virulent pathogenic phenotype, was characterized genetically. Its F, SH and HN genes were isolated by RT-PCR amplification and sequenced. It is quite evident that RS-12 belongs to genotype H, closely related to European strains but distinguishable from Asian strains. The deduced amino acid sequences of HN and F proteins that comprise immunogenic epitopes, were compared to other vaccine and wild strains. The multiple sequence alignment revealed that the RS-12 has isoleucine and aspartic acid at positions 269 and 523 of its F and HN proteins, respectively, which could differentiate RS-12 from other available sequences. This isolate has trivial variations in the major antigenic sites of HN protein. The frequency and pattern of F and HN glycosylation sites seems to be similar to most other strains. It seems that the mumps regional outbreak during 1986 in Iran was caused by genotype H and this strain has been spreading in countries surrounding the Caspian sea for over 17 years. These data support the previous results that RS-12 could be an efficient vaccine, especially in the Middle East. This is the first genotype report from Iranian isolates and provides strong data on the molecular epidemiology of mumps in Iran, the Middle East, Central Asia, Russia and other countries of this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Alirezaie
- Human Viral Vaccines Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Karaj, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Peltola H, Kulkarni PS, Kapre SV, Paunio M, Jadhav SS, Dhere RM. Mumps outbreaks in Canada and the United States: time for new thinking on mumps vaccines. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:459-66. [PMID: 17638194 DOI: 10.1086/520028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mumps epidemics in Canada and the United States prompted us to review evidence for the effectiveness of 5 different vaccine strains. Early trials with the Jeryl Lynn vaccine strain demonstrated an efficacy of approximately 95%, but in epidemic conditions, the effectiveness has been as low as 62%; this is still considerably better than the effectiveness of another safe strain, Rubini (which has an effectiveness of close to 0% in epidemic conditions). The Urabe vaccine strain has an effectiveness of 54%-87% but is prone to cause aseptic meningitis. Little epidemiological information is available for other vaccines. The Leningrad-Zagreb vaccine strain, which is widely used in developing countries and costs a fraction of what vaccines cost in the developed world, seems to have encouraging results; in 1 study, the effectiveness of this vaccine exceeded 95%. Aseptic meningitis has also been reported in association with this vaccine, but the benign nature of the associated meningitis was shown recently in Croatia. Also, the Leningrad-3 strain seems to be effective but causes less-benign meningitis. No mumps vaccine equals the best vaccines in quality, but the virtually complete safety of some strains may not offset their low effectiveness. Epidemiological data are pivotal in mumps, because serological testing is subject to many interpretation problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Peltola
- HUCH Hospital, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kulkarni-Kale U, Bhosle SG, Manjari GS, Joshi M, Bansode S, Kolaskar AS. Curation of viral genomes: challenges, applications and the way forward. BMC Bioinformatics 2006; 7 Suppl 5:S12. [PMID: 17254296 PMCID: PMC1764468 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-7-s5-s12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole genome sequence data is a step towards generating the 'parts list' of life to understand the underlying principles of Biocomplexity. Genome sequencing initiatives of human and model organisms are targeted efforts towards understanding principles of evolution with an application envisaged to improve human health. These efforts culminated in the development of dedicated resources. Whereas a large number of viral genomes have been sequenced by groups or individuals with an interest to study antigenic variation amongst strains and species. These independent efforts enabled viruses to attain the status of 'best-represented taxa' with the highest number of genomes. However, due to lack of concerted efforts, viral genomic sequences merely remained as entries in the public repositories until recently. RESULTS VirGen is a curated resource of viral genomes and their analyses. Since its first release, it has grown both in terms of coverage of viral families and development of new modules for annotation and analysis. The current release (2.0) includes data for twenty-five families with broad host range as against eight in the first release. The taxonomic description of viruses in VirGen is in accordance with the ICTV nomenclature. A well-characterised strain is identified as a 'representative entry' for every viral species. This non-redundant dataset is used for subsequent annotation and analyses using sequenced-based Bioinformatics approaches. VirGen archives precomputed data on genome and proteome comparisons. A new data module that provides structures of viral proteins available in PDB has been incorporated recently. One of the unique features of VirGen is predicted conformational and sequential epitopes of known antigenic proteins using in-house developed algorithms, a step towards reverse vaccinology. CONCLUSION Structured organization of genomic data facilitates use of data mining tools, which provides opportunities for knowledge discovery. One of the approaches to achieve this goal is to carry out functional annotations using comparative genomics. VirGen, a comprehensive viral genome resource that serves as an annotation and analysis pipeline has been developed for the curation of public domain viral genome data http://bioinfo.ernet.in/virgen/virgen.html. Various steps in the curation and annotation of the genomic data and applications of the value-added derived data are substantiated with case studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manali Joshi
- Bioinformatics Centre, University of Pune, Pune 411 007 India
| | - Sandeep Bansode
- Bioinformatics Centre, University of Pune, Pune 411 007 India
| | | |
Collapse
|