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Krüger N, Sauder C, Hoffmann M, Örvell C, Drexler JF, Rubin S, Herrler G. Recombinant mumps viruses expressing the batMuV fusion glycoprotein are highly fusion active and neurovirulent. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2837-2848. [PMID: 27590163 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study reported the detection of a bat-derived virus (BatPV/Epo_spe/AR1/DCR/2009, batMuV) with phylogenetic relatedness to human mumps virus (hMuV). Since all efforts to isolate infectious batMuV have reportedly failed, we generated recombinant mumps viruses (rMuVs) in which the open reading frames (ORFs) of the fusion (F) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoproteins of an hMuV strain were replaced by the corresponding ORFs of batMuV. The batMuV F and HN proteins were successfully incorporated into viral particles and the resultant chimeric virus was able to mediate infection of Vero cells. Distinct differences were observed between the fusogenicity of rMuVs expressing one or both batMuV glycoproteins: viruses expressing batMuV F were highly fusogenic, regardless of the origin of HN. In contrast, rMuVs expressing human F and bat-derived HN proteins were less fusogenic compared to hMuV. The growth kinetics of chimeric MuVs expressing batMuV HN in combination with either hMuV or batMuV F were similar to that of the backbone virus, whereas a delay in virus replication was obtained for rMuVs harbouring batMuV F and hMuV HN. Replacement of the hMuV F and HN genes or the HN gene alone by the corresponding batMuV genes led to a slight reduction in neurovirulence of the highly neurovirulent backbone strain. Neutralizing antibodies inhibited infection mediated by all recombinant viruses generated. Furthermore, group IV anti-MuV antibodies inhibited the neuraminidase activity of bat-derived HN. Our study reports the successful generation of chimeric MuVs expressing the F and HN proteins of batMuV, providing a means for further examination of this novel batMuV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Krüger
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Sauder
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claes Örvell
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven Rubin
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Georg Herrler
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Ader-Ebert N, Khosravi M, Herren M, Avila M, Alves L, Bringolf F, Örvell C, Langedijk JP, Zurbriggen A, Plemper RK, Plattet P. Sequential conformational changes in the morbillivirus attachment protein initiate the membrane fusion process. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004880. [PMID: 25946112 PMCID: PMC4422687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite large vaccination campaigns, measles virus (MeV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) cause major morbidity and mortality in humans and animals, respectively. The MeV and CDV cell entry system relies on two interacting envelope glycoproteins: the attachment protein (H), consisting of stalk and head domains, co-operates with the fusion protein (F) to mediate membrane fusion. However, how receptor-binding by the H-protein leads to F-triggering is not fully understood. Here, we report that an anti-CDV-H monoclonal antibody (mAb-1347), which targets the linear H-stalk segment 126-133, potently inhibits membrane fusion without interfering with H receptor-binding or F-interaction. Rather, mAb-1347 blocked the F-triggering function of H-proteins regardless of the presence or absence of the head domains. Remarkably, mAb-1347 binding to headless CDV H, as well as standard and engineered bioactive stalk-elongated CDV H-constructs treated with cells expressing the SLAM receptor, was enhanced. Despite proper cell surface expression, fusion promotion by most H-stalk mutants harboring alanine substitutions in the 126-138 "spacer" section was substantially impaired, consistent with deficient receptor-induced mAb-1347 binding enhancement. However, a previously reported F-triggering defective H-I98A variant still exhibited the receptor-induced "head-stalk" rearrangement. Collectively, our data spotlight a distinct mechanism for morbillivirus membrane fusion activation: prior to receptor contact, at least one of the morbillivirus H-head domains interacts with the membrane-distal "spacer" domain in the H-stalk, leaving the F-binding site located further membrane-proximal in the stalk fully accessible. This "head-to-spacer" interaction conformationally stabilizes H in an auto-repressed state, which enables intracellular H-stalk/F engagement while preventing the inherent H-stalk's bioactivity that may prematurely activate F. Receptor-contact disrupts the "head-to-spacer" interaction, which subsequently "unlocks" the stalk, allowing it to rearrange and trigger F. Overall, our study reveals essential mechanistic requirements governing the activation of the morbillivirus membrane fusion cascade and spotlights the H-stalk "spacer" microdomain as a possible drug target for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Ader-Ebert
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (DCR-VPH), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mojtaba Khosravi
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (DCR-VPH), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Herren
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (DCR-VPH), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mislay Avila
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (DCR-VPH), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Alves
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (DCR-VPH), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Bringolf
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (DCR-VPH), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claes Örvell
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Zurbriggen
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (DCR-VPH), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard K. Plemper
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Philippe Plattet
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (DCR-VPH), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Šantak M, Markušić M, Balija ML, Kopač SK, Jug R, Örvell C, Tomac J, Forčić D. Accumulation of defective interfering viral particles in only a few passages in Vero cells attenuates mumps virus neurovirulence. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:228-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Šantak M, Örvell C, Gulija TK. Identification of conformational neutralization sites on the fusion protein of mumps virus. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:982-990. [PMID: 25614584 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the success of the mumps vaccination, recent mumps outbreaks have been reported even among individuals with a history of mumps vaccination. For a better understanding of why the vaccination failed in cases of vaccinees who fell ill during recent mumps outbreaks, the immunological events during infection and/or vaccination should be better defined. In the work presented here we sought to identify new neutralization sites on the mumps virus surface glycoproteins. By using anti-mumps mAbs, three amino acid positions at residues 221, 323 and 373 in the F protein of mumps virus were shown to be located in at least two conformational neutralization epitopes. mAbs that specifically target these sites effectively neutralized mumps virus in vitro. The newly acquired glycosylation site at position 373 or loss of the existing one at position 323 was identified as the mechanism behind the escape from the specific mAbs. Based on the findings of this study, we suggest that the influence of the antigenic structure of the F protein should not be ignored in a thorough investigation of the underlying mechanism of the mumps vaccine failure or when making a strategy for development of a new vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šantak
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
| | - Claes Örvell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 14 186, Sweden
| | - Tanja Košutić Gulija
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
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Jin L, Örvell C, Myers R, Rota PA, Nakayama T, Forcic D, Hiebert J, Brown KE. Genomic diversity of mumps virus and global distribution of the 12 genotypes. Rev Med Virol 2014; 25:85-101. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jin
- Virus Reference Department, Reference Microbiology Services; Public Health England; London UK
| | - Claes Örvell
- Division of Clinical Virology; Huddinge University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Richard Myers
- Virus Reference Department, Reference Microbiology Services; Public Health England; London UK
| | - Paul A. Rota
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta USA
| | | | - Dubravko Forcic
- University of Zagreb; Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Joanne Hiebert
- National Microbiology Laboratory; Public Health Agency of Canada; Winnipeg Canada
| | - Kevin E. Brown
- Virus Reference Department, Reference Microbiology Services; Public Health England; London UK
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Bian T, Gibbs JD, Örvell C, Imani F. Respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein induces lung epithelial cell cycle arrest through a p53 dependent pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38052. [PMID: 22662266 PMCID: PMC3360651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of viral respiratory infections in children. Our previous study showed that the RSV infection induced lung epithelial cell cycle arrest, which enhanced virus replication. To address the mechanism of RSV-induced cell cycle arrest, we examined the contribution of RSV-matrix (RSV-M) protein. In this report, we show that in both the A549 cell line and primary human bronchial epithelial (PHBE) cells, transfection with RSV-M protein caused the cells to proliferate at a slower rate than in control cells. The cell cycle analysis showed that RSV-M protein induced G1 phase arrest in A549 cells, and G1 and G2/M phase arrest in PHBE cells. Interestingly, RSV-M expression induced p53 and p21 accumulation and decreased phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Further, induction of cell cycle arrest by RSV-M was not observed in a p53-deficient epithelial cell line (H1299). However, cell cycle arrest was restored after transfection of p53 cDNA into H1299 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that RSV-M protein regulates lung epithelial cell cycle through a p53-dependent pathway, which enhances RSV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bian
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Human Science, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John D. Gibbs
- Global Vaccines, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Claes Örvell
- Huddinge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Farhad Imani
- ViraSource Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ader N, Brindley MA, Avila M, Origgi FC, Langedijk JPM, Örvell C, Vandevelde M, Zurbriggen A, Plemper RK, Plattet P. Structural rearrangements of the central region of the morbillivirus attachment protein stalk domain trigger F protein refolding for membrane fusion. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:16324-34. [PMID: 22431728 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.342493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unknown how receptor binding by the paramyxovirus attachment proteins (HN, H, or G) triggers the fusion (F) protein to fuse with the plasma membrane for cell entry. H-proteins of the morbillivirus genus consist of a stalk ectodomain supporting a cuboidal head; physiological oligomers consist of non-covalent dimer-of-dimers. We report here the successful engineering of intermolecular disulfide bonds within the central region (residues 91-115) of the morbillivirus H-stalk; a sub-domain that also encompasses the putative F-contacting section (residues 111-118). Remarkably, several intersubunit crosslinks abrogated membrane fusion, but bioactivity was restored under reducing conditions. This phenotype extended equally to H proteins derived from virulent and attenuated morbillivirus strains and was independent of the nature of the contacted receptor. Our data reveal that the morbillivirus H-stalk domain is composed of four tightly-packed subunits. Upon receptor binding, these subunits structurally rearrange, possibly inducing conformational changes within the central region of the stalk, which, in turn, promote fusion. Given that the fundamental architecture appears conserved among paramyxovirus attachment protein stalk domains, we predict that these motions may act as a universal paramyxovirus F-triggering mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Ader
- Division of Experimental Clinical Research, Neurovirology Unit, DCR-VPH, Vetsuisse faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
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Sundin M, Lindblom A, Örvell C, Barrett AJ, Sundberg B, Watz E, Wikman A, Broliden K, Le Blanc K. Persistence of human parvovirus B19 in multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells expressing the erythrocyte P antigen: implications for transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008; 14:1172-1179. [PMID: 18804048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are used to improve the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCST) and in regenerative medicine. MSCs may harbor persistent viruses that may compromise their clinical benefit, however. Retrospectively screened, 1 of 20 MSCs from healthy donors contained parvovirus B19 (B19) DNA. MSCs express the B19 receptor (P antigen/globoside) and a co-receptor (Ku 80) and can transmit B19 to bone marrow cells in vitro, suggesting that the virus can persist in the marrow stroma of healthy individuals. Two patients undergoing HSCT received the B19-positive MSCs as treatment for graft-versus-host disease; neither developed viremia nor symptomatic B19 infection. These findings demonstrate for the first time that persistent B19 in MSCs can infect hematopoietic stem cells and underscore the importance of monitoring B19 transmission by MSC products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Sundin
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna Lindblom
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes Örvell
- Division of Clinical Virology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A John Barrett
- Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Berit Sundberg
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Watz
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Wikman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Broliden
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Le Blanc
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Hematology Centre, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Örvell C, Tecle T, Johansson B, Saito H, Samuelson A. Antigenic relationships between six genotypes of the small hydrophobic protein gene of mumps virus. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:2489-2496. [PMID: 12237432 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-10-2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Six different genotypes of mumps virus, A, C, D, G, H and I, genotyped on the basis of the small hydrophobic protein gene sequence, were subjected to antigenic comparison. Monoclonal antibodies directed against the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of the SBL-1 strain of genotype A were used in immunofluorescence tests with different mumps virus strains. In addition, the six virus genotypes were compared by cross-neutralization tests with human post-vaccination sera after vaccination with the Jeryl Lynn (JL) strain of mumps virus and with rabbit hyperimmune sera directed against the A or D genotypes of mumps virus. Genotypes C, D, G, H and I could not be antigenically separated. In contrast, three different virus strains of genotype A, SBL-1, JL and Kilham, were distinct and were found to represent three different serotypes within the A genotype of mumps virus. Vaccination of Swedish children with the JL strain of mumps virus resulted in clearly lower neutralization titres against the SBL-1 strain, which is endemic in Sweden, compared to the homologous vaccine titres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Örvell
- Huddinge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden1
| | - Tesfaldet Tecle
- Huddinge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden1
| | - Bo Johansson
- Huddinge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden1
| | - Hiroyuki Saito
- Department of Microbiology, Akita Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Akita 010-0874, Japan2
| | - Agneta Samuelson
- Huddinge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden1
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Tecle T, Böttiger B, Örvell C, Johansson B. Characterization of two decades of temporal co-circulation of four mumps virus genotypes in Denmark: identification of a new genotype. J Gen Virol 2001; 82:2675-2680. [PMID: 11602779 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-82-11-2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-nine Danish virus isolates and 14 serum samples from patients with mumps were genotyped by nucleotide sequencing of the small hydrophobic (SH) protein gene and the deduced 57 amino acid sequences were aligned with sequences of mumps virus strains published previously. Four neurovirulent genotypes of the SH protein gene, genotypes C, D, H and a new genotype, designated J, were found. There was a dynamic fluctuation of the different genotypes over the two decade period of time. Genotype J was found from 1981 to 1988; genotypes C and H exhibited a similar distribution in time. Genotype D was found between 1979 and 1982, it then disappeared and reappeared again in 1996. From 1996 onwards, genotype D was found to be the predominant genotype, which is in contrast to the situation seen in the neighbouring country of Sweden, where, since 1985, only genotype A has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaldet Tecle
- Huddinge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institut, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden1
| | - Blenda Böttiger
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Virology, Copenhagen, Denmark2
| | - Claes Örvell
- Huddinge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institut, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden1
| | - Bo Johansson
- Huddinge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institut, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden1
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Löve A, Rydbeck R, Örvell C, Norrby E. Antigenic variations of envelope and internal proteins of mumps virus strains detected with monoclonal antibodies. Virus Res 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1702(85)90404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rydbeck R, Örvell C, Löve A, Norrby E. Characterization of the structural proteins of parainfluenza virus type 3 by use of monoclonal antibodies. Virus Res 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1702(85)90373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Mufson MA, Örvell C, Rafnar B, Norrby E. Two distinct subtypes of human respiratory syncytial (RS) virus. Virus Res 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1702(85)90422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Örvell C, Norrby E. Immunologic Properties of Purified Sendai Virus Glycoproteins. The Journal of Immunology 1977. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.119.6.1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Egg-grown Sendai virus was used for purification of the glycoproteins of the virus. The two glycoproteins, HN glycoprotein (VP 2) and F glycoprotein (VP 4), were separated by filtration on DEAE-Bio-Gel A columns and by sucrose density electrofocusing and were used for preparation of rabbit hyperimmune sera. Rabbit hyperimmune sera directed against the HN and F glycoproteins were immunologically distinct. Antiserum directed against the HN glycoprotein inhibited hemagglutination (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) activity and had high neutralizing capacity. Antiserum against the F glycoprotein inhibited hemolysis but did not inhibit HA, NA activity, or virus infectivity. Rabbit hyperimmune sera against untreated, Tween 80-ether, and formalin-treated purified virions were also studied. These sera contained antibodies against both glycoprotein structures, but antibodies against the F glycoprotein blocking hemolysis could not be demonstrated. The two specific glycoprotein antisera were used to estimate the relative amount of hemagglutinin and hemolysin exposed on the envelope of Sendai virions from Vero cells by means of competition studies with 125I-labeled purified rabbit γ-globulin directed against egg-grown whole virions. Anti-HN and anti-F sera gave 60 to 70% and 30 to 40% inhibition, respectively, under conditions of antibody excess. Passive immunization with antisera against the two glycoproteins protected mice against natural Sendai virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Örvell
- Department of Virology, Karolinska Institutet, School of Medicine , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erling Norrby
- Department of Virology, Karolinska Institutet, School of Medicine , Stockholm, Sweden
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Örvell C, Norrby E. Further Studies on the Immunologic Relationships among Measles, Distemper, and Rinderpest Viruses. The Journal of Immunology 1974. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.113.6.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The reaction between measles and canine distemper viruses prepared in Vero cells and acute, convalescent and hyperimmune sera against these viruses and rinderpest virus were studied in neutralization (NT), neutralization-enhancement (NE), complement-fixation (CF), immunofluorescence, and immunodiffusion tests. In addition, measles virus hemolysis-inhibition (HLI) and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests were carried out with the different sera.
The nucleocapsid components of the three viruses could not be distinguished by the immunologic techniques employed. Sera against rinderpest virus contained HLI, HI, and NT antibodies against measles virus. In some sera HLI antibodies were present in marked excess over HI antibodies. NT antibodies against distemper virus were also found in these sera. Sera against distemper virus also displayed measles HLI antibody activity, but no measles virus-specific NT antibodies were detectable. Low titers of HI and NE antibodies were found in some sera. It is concluded that measles, distemper, and rinderpest virus share envelope antigens, which are more readily demonstrated in HLI than in HI tests with measles virus antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Örvell
- Department of Virology, Karolinska Institutet, School of Medicine From the , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erling Norrby
- Department of Virology, Karolinska Institutet, School of Medicine From the , Stockholm, Sweden
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