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Gruber MF, Rubin S, Krause PR. Approaches to demonstrating the effectiveness of filovirus vaccines: Lessons from Ebola and COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1109486. [PMID: 36817425 PMCID: PMC9932497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV), Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) and Marburg virus (MARV), are members of the Filoviridae family that can cause severe disease and death in humans and animals. The reemergence of Ebola, Sudan and Marburg virus disease highlight the need for continued availability of safe and effectives vaccines as well as development of new vaccines. While randomized controlled trials using disease endpoints provide the most robust assessment of vaccine effectiveness, challenges to this approach include the unpredictable size, location, occurrence and duration of filovirus disease outbreaks. Thus, other approaches to demonstrating vaccine effectiveness have been considered. These approaches are discussed using examples of preventive vaccines against other infectious diseases. In addition, this article proposes a clinical immunobridging strategy using licensed EBOV vaccines as comparators for demonstrating the effectiveness of filovirus vaccine candidates that are based on the same licensed vaccine platform technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion F. Gruber
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Marion F. Gruber,
| | - Steven Rubin
- GlaxoSmithKline (GSk), Rockville, MD, United States
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Flink-Bochacki R, McLeod C, Lipe H, Rapkin RB, Rubin S, Heuser C. P036Exploring us obstetrician-gynecologists’ characterization of periviable pregnancy-ending interventions: A mixed methods study. Contraception 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Martin-Lecamp G, Saunier A, Vandenhende M, Duffau P, Richez C, Delbrel X, Rubin S, Ly K, Sailler L, Viallard J, Thiebaut R, Bonnet F. La dose de corticothérapie est-elle associée à l’évolution de la concentration lymphocytaire T CD4+ au cours du traitement des maladies auto-immunes ? Cohorte INFIM, 2016–2021. Rev Med Interne 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2022.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Reeves M, Goldfarb C, Rubin S, Kuperstock J, DiBianco. CLINICAL ORAL ABSTRACTS. Contraception 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Rubin S, Bougaran P, Martin S, Abelanet A, Delobel V, Jeannigros S, Bats M, Dufourcq P, Couffinhal T, Duplàa C. No direct involvement of Phactr-1 in non-atherosclerotic arteriopathies: Results from 3 different Phactr-1 transgenic knockout mice. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2021.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Boulestreau R, Lorthioir A, Persu A, Rubin S, Gosse P, Cremer A, Debeugny S, Halimi J, Tharaux P. First prospective multicentric registry on malignant hypertension: Rational, design and early results from 100 patients of the french HAMA cohort. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2020.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Boulestreau R, Rubin S, Brockers C, Puel C, Doublet J, Cremer A, Gosse P. Evidence on malignant hypertension therapeutic management: The forgotten past. Insight from a historical literature review. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2020.10.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Boulestreau R, Brockers C, Rubin S, Doublet J, Halimi J, Cremer A, Gosse P. Therapeutic management of malignant hypertension: Proof of concept of an entirely oral therapeutic approach. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2020.10.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Orieux A, Picard F, Vermorel A, Kaminski H, Couzi L, Merville P, Rubin S. Le syndrome cardio-rénal post transplantation est une cause fréquente de retard de reprise de fonction : une étude de cohorte. Nephrol Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2020.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rubin S, Abelanet A, Bougaran P, Jeanningros S, Pascale D, Duplaa C, Couffinhal T. Rôle biologique de PHACTR-1, gène décrit comme impliqué dans la pathogénèse des maladies vasculaires : une étude in-vivo. Nephrol Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2020.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Orieux A, Rigothier C, Combe C, Prevel R, Gruson D, Boyer A, Rubin S. Insuffisance rénale chronique après un épisode d’insuffisance rénale aiguë en réanimation : des leçons pour une consultation post-réanimation efficace. Nephrol Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Rubin S, Adams J, Cox J, Pereira C, Dighe M, Alessio A. Abstract No. 473 Machine learning with ultrasound to automate risk stratification and reduce fine-needle aspiration in a thyroid cancer. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Malik T, Ngo L, Bosma T, Rubin S. A Single Point Mutation in the Mumps V Protein Alters Targeting of the Cellular STAT Pathways Resulting in Virus Attenuation. Viruses 2019; 11:v11111016. [PMID: 31683999 PMCID: PMC6893744 DOI: 10.3390/v11111016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mumps virus (MuV) is a neurotropic non-segmented, negative-stranded, enveloped RNA virus in the Paramyxovirus family. The 15.4 kb genome encodes seven genes, including the V/P, which encodes, among other proteins, the V protein. The MuV V protein has been shown to target the cellular signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins STAT1 and STAT3 for proteasome-mediated degradation. While MuV V protein targeting of STAT1 is generally accepted as a means of limiting innate antiviral responses, the consequence of V protein targeting of STAT3 is less clear. Further, since the MuV V protein targets both STAT1 and STAT3, specifically investigating viral antagonism of STAT3 targeting is challenging. However, a previous study reported that a single amino acid substitution in the MuV V protein (E95D) inhibits targeting of STAT3, but not STAT1. This provided us with a unique opportunity to examine the specific role of STAT 3 in MuV virulence in an in vivo model. Here, using a clone of a wild type MuV strain expressing the E95D mutant V protein, we present data linking inhibition of STAT3 targeting with the accelerated clearance of the virus and reduced neurovirulence in vivo, suggesting its role in promoting antiviral responses. These data suggest a rational approach to virus attenuation that could be exploited for future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Malik
- DVP/Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Laurie Ngo
- DVP/Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Trent Bosma
- DVP/Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Steven Rubin
- GlaxoSmithKline, 14200 Shady Grove Rd, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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Orieux A, Boyer A, Rigothier C, Clouzeau B, Gruson D, Combe C, Rubin S. Incidence de l’insuffisance rénale chronique trois ans après une insuffisance rénale aiguë non sévère en réanimation : une étude de cohorte. Nephrol Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2019.07.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Burguet L, Taton B, Prezelin-Reydit M, Rubin S, Picard W, Gruson D, Ryman A, Contin C, Combe C, Delmas Y. Le rapport protéinurie/créatinurie améliore nettement la discrimination SHU/PTT à l’ère des thérapies ciblées : un test simple et performant. Nephrol Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2019.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Bosma TJ, Karagiannis K, Santana-Quintero L, Ilyushina N, Zagorodnyaya T, Petrovskaya S, Laassri M, Donnelly RP, Rubin S, Simonyan V, Sauder CJ. Identification and quantification of defective virus genomes in high throughput sequencing data using DVG-profiler, a novel post-sequence alignment processing algorithm. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216944. [PMID: 31100083 PMCID: PMC6524942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most viruses are known to spontaneously generate defective viral genomes (DVG) due to errors during replication. These DVGs are subgenomic and contain deletions that render them unable to complete a full replication cycle in the absence of a co-infecting, non-defective helper virus. DVGs, especially of the copyback type, frequently observed with paramyxoviruses, have been recognized to be important triggers of the antiviral innate immune response. DVGs have therefore gained interest for their potential to alter the attenuation and immunogenicity of vaccines. To investigate this potential, accurate identification and quantification of DVGs is essential. Conventional methods, such as RT-PCR, are labor intensive and will only detect primer sequence-specific species. High throughput sequencing (HTS) is much better suited for this undertaking. Here, we present an HTS-based algorithm called DVG-profiler to identify and quantify all DVG sequences in an HTS data set generated from a virus preparation. DVG-profiler identifies DVG breakpoints relative to a reference genome and reports the directionality of each segment from within the same read. The specificity and sensitivity of the algorithm was assessed using both in silico data sets as well as HTS data obtained from parainfluenza virus 5, Sendai virus and mumps virus preparations. HTS data from the latter were also compared with conventional RT-PCR data and with data obtained using an alternative algorithm. The data presented here demonstrate the high specificity, sensitivity, and robustness of DVG-profiler. This algorithm was implemented within an open source cloud-based computing environment for analyzing HTS data. DVG-profiler might prove valuable not only in basic virus research but also in monitoring live attenuated vaccines for DVG content and to assure vaccine lot to lot consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent J. Bosma
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Konstantinos Karagiannis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Luis Santana-Quintero
- Office of Hematology and Oncology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Natalia Ilyushina
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Zagorodnyaya
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Petrovskaya
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Majid Laassri
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Raymond P. Donnelly
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven Rubin
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vahan Simonyan
- Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christian J. Sauder
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kennedy RB, Ovsyannikova IG, Thomas A, Larrabee BR, Rubin S, Poland GA. Differential durability of immune responses to measles and mumps following MMR vaccination. Vaccine 2019; 37:1775-1784. [PMID: 30797639 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development and wide-spread use of mumps vaccine resulted in a dramatic and sustained decrease in the incidence of mumps disease; however, since 2000, an increase in the size and number of mumps outbreaks in the United States and other countries has sparked renewed interest in the durability of mumps-specific immunity elicited by mumps vaccination. The most likely explanation for mumps cases in previously immunized persons may be secondary vaccine failure, or waning immunity. In the current study, we examined changes in markers of measles and mumps immunity at two timepoints, approximately 7 and 17 years after two-dose MMR-II® vaccination, in a cohort of 98 healthy adults. Our results indicate that mumps IgG titers exhibited a large and significant decline during this time period, while mumps neutralizing Ab titers were relatively stable. There was a similar discrepancy with measles-specific immune responses. For both pathogens, neutralizing antibody titers were fairly low and, given the length of time since vaccination, may have already declined. These data suggest that specific immune outcomes may wane at different rates and highlight our currently incomplete understanding of protective immune responses to mumps and measles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | - Antonia Thomas
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Beth R Larrabee
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Steven Rubin
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Rigothier C, Preterre J, Bur P, Mucha S, Rubin S, Kalisky J, Devillard R, Combe C. Fabrication d’un réseau glomérulaire microvascularisé : néoformation d’une membrane basale glomérulaire. Nephrol Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2018.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Harhay M, Crowther M, Diamond J, DiSanto T, Rubin S, Penfil Z, Bermudez C, Christie J, Cantu E. Organ Sequence Number (SN) is Not a Proxy for Organ Quality. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Garassino M, Rubin S, Zhao Y, Luo Y, Samkari A, Hui R. 193TiP Phase 3 study of epacadostat plus pembrolizumab with or without platinum-based chemotherapy vs pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for first-line metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC): ECHO-306/KEYNOTE-715. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(18)30466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Paz-Ares L, Rubin S, Zhao Y, Xu L, Samkari A, Awad M. 195TiP A phase 3, randomized, double-blind study of epacadostat plus pembrolizumab vs pembrolizumab as first-line therapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) expressing high PD-L1 levels (ECHO-305/KEYNOTE-654). J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(18)30468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Slowinski R, Wilk S, Farion KJ, Pike J, Rubin S, Michalowski W. Design and Development of a Mobile System for Supporting Emergency Triage. Methods Inf Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1633918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Objectives:
Our objective was to design and develop a mobile clinical decision support system for emergency triage of different acute pain presentations. The system should interact with existing hospital information systems, run on mobile computing devices (handheld computers) and be suitable for operation in weak-connectivity conditions (with unstable connections between mobile clients and a server).
Methods:
The MET (Mobile Emergency Triage) system was designed following an extended client-server architecture. The client component, responsible for triage decision support, is built as a knowledge-based system, with domain ontology separated from generic problem solving methods and used for the automatic creation of a user interface.
Results:
The MET system is well suited for operation in the Emergency Department of a hospital. The system’s external interactions are managed by the server, while the MET clients, running on handheld computers are used by clinicians for collecting clinical data and supporting triage at the bedside. The functionality of the MET client is distributed into specialized modules, responsible for triaging specific types of acute pain presentations. The modules are stored on the server, and on request they can be transferred and executed on the mobile clients. The modular design provides for easy extension of the system’s functionality. A clinical trial of the MET system validated the appropriateness of the system’s design, and proved the usefulness and acceptance of the system in clinical practice.
Conclusions:
The MET system captures the necessary hospital data, allows for entry of patient information, and provides triage support. By operating on handheld computers, it fits into the regular emergency department workflow without introducing any hindrances or disruptions. It supports triage anytime and anywhere, directly at the point of care, and also can be used as an electronic patient chart, facilitating structured data collection.
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Farion K, Michalowski W, O’Sullivan D, Rubin S, Weiss D, Wilk S. Clinical Decision Support System for Point of Care Use. Methods Inf Med 2018; 48:381-90. [DOI: 10.3414/me0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Objectives: The objective of this research was to design a clinical decision support system (CDSS) that supports heterogeneous clinical decision problems and runs on multiple computing platforms. Meeting this objective required a novel design to create an extendable and easy to maintain clinical CDSS for point of care support. The proposed solution was evaluated in a proof of concept implementation.
Methods: Based on our earlier research with the design of a mobile CDSS for emergency triage we used ontology-driven design to represent essential components of a CDSS. Models of clinical decision problems were derived from the ontology and they were processed into executable applications during runtime. This allowed scaling applications’ functionality to the capabilities of computing platforms. A prototype of the system was implemented using the extended client-server architecture and Web services to distribute the functions of the system and to make it operational in limited connectivity conditions.
Results: The proposed design provided a common framework that facilitated development of diversified clinical applications running seamlessly on a variety of computing platforms. It was prototyped for two clinical decision problems and settings (triage of acute pain in the emergency department and postoperative management of radical pros-tatectomy on the hospital ward) and implemented on two computing platforms – desktop and handheld computers.
Conclusions: The requirement of the CDSS heterogeneity was satisfied with ontology-driven design. Processing of application models described with the help of ontological models allowed having a complex system running on multiple computing platforms with different capabilities. Finally, separation of models and runtime components contributed to improved extensibility and maintainability of the system.
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Abstract
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is an inherited form of gastric cancer that carries a poor prognosis. Most HDGCs are caused by an autosomal dominant genetic mutation in the CDH1 gene, which carries a 70%-80% lifetime risk of gastric cancer. Given its submucosal origin, endoscopic surveillance is an unreliable means of early detection, and prophylactic gastrectomy is recommended for CDH1 positive individuals older than age 20 years. We describe the case of a male with recurrent gastric cancer who was diagnosed with HDGC secondary to the CDH1 mutation, and we also describe the patient’s pedigree and outcomes of recommended genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley M Zylberberg
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, United States
| | - Keith Sultan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
| | - Steven Rubin
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Merrick, NY 11566, United States
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Latner DR, Parker Fiebelkorn A, McGrew M, Williams NJ, Coleman LA, McLean HQ, Rubin S, Hickman CJ. Mumps Virus Nucleoprotein and Hemagglutinin-Specific Antibody Response Following a Third Dose of Measles Mumps Rubella Vaccine. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017; 4:ofx263. [PMID: 29308410 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent mumps outbreaks among 2-dose measles mumps rubella (MMR) vaccine recipients have raised questions regarding the potential benefits of a third dose of vaccine (MMR3). If MMR3 provides a sustained elevation in mumps antibody, it may be beneficial for certain at-risk groups or as an outbreak control measure. Methods Sera were collected immediately prior to MMR3 and at 1 month and 1 year post-MMR3 from 656 healthy adults aged 18-28 years in a nonoutbreak setting. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using whole mumps virus (commercial ELISA), hemagglutinin (HN; major neutralizing target), and nucleoprotein (NP; immunodominant) antigens. ELISA measurements were compared with in vitro plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) titers, and baseline antibody was compared with post-MMR3 levels. Results There were modest but statistically significant (P < .05) increases in mumps antibody at 1 month post-MMR3 by all 3 ELISA methods and by PRN titer. At 1 year post-MMR3, mumps antibody declined toward baseline but remained elevated (P < .05). The correlation between PRN titers and ELISA measurements was poor (r2 = .49), although sera with the highest amount of HN IgG also had the highest PRN titers. Conclusions Individuals with the lowest baseline PRN titers had the largest increase in frequency of samples that became positive for HN and NP by ELISA. A third dose of MMR may benefit certain individuals with a low level of mumps virus-neutralizing antibody, especially in the context of an outbreak or other high-risk setting. Additionally, poor correlation among serologic tests does not allow effective prediction of PRN titer by ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Latner
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amy Parker Fiebelkorn
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marcia McGrew
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nobia J Williams
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Laura A Coleman
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin.,Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Huong Q McLean
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin
| | - Steven Rubin
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carole J Hickman
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Houston D, Tooze J, Visser M, Tylavsky F, Rubin S, Newman A, Harris T, Kritchevsky S. PROTEIN INTAKE AND INCIDENT SARCOPENIA IN OLDER ADULTS: THE HEALTH ABC STUDY. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D.K. Houston
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina,
| | - J.A. Tooze
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina,
| | - M. Visser
- Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands,
| | - F.A. Tylavsky
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee,
| | - S. Rubin
- University of California, San Francisco, California,
| | - A. Newman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
| | - T.B. Harris
- National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
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Rubin S, Suss ME, Biesheuvel PM, Bercovici M. Induced-Charge Capacitive Deionization: The Electrokinetic Response of a Porous Particle to an External Electric Field. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:234502. [PMID: 27982655 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.234502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the phenomenon of induced-charge capacitive deionization that occurs around a porous and conducting particle immersed in an electrolyte, under the action of an external electric field. The external electric field induces an electric dipole in the porous particle, leading to its capacitive charging by both cations and anions at opposite poles. This regime is characterized by a long charging time, which results in significant changes in salt concentration in the electrically neutral bulk, on the scale of the particle. We qualitatively demonstrate the effect of advection on the spatiotemporal concentration field, which, through diffusiophoresis, may introduce corrections to the electrophoretic mobility of such particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rubin
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - M E Suss
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - P M Biesheuvel
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - M Bercovici
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Krüger N, Sauder C, Hoffmann M, Örvell C, Drexler JF, Rubin S, Herrler G. Recombinant mumps viruses expressing the batMuV fusion glycoprotein are highly fusion active and neurovirulent. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2837-2848. [PMID: 27590163 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study reported the detection of a bat-derived virus (BatPV/Epo_spe/AR1/DCR/2009, batMuV) with phylogenetic relatedness to human mumps virus (hMuV). Since all efforts to isolate infectious batMuV have reportedly failed, we generated recombinant mumps viruses (rMuVs) in which the open reading frames (ORFs) of the fusion (F) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoproteins of an hMuV strain were replaced by the corresponding ORFs of batMuV. The batMuV F and HN proteins were successfully incorporated into viral particles and the resultant chimeric virus was able to mediate infection of Vero cells. Distinct differences were observed between the fusogenicity of rMuVs expressing one or both batMuV glycoproteins: viruses expressing batMuV F were highly fusogenic, regardless of the origin of HN. In contrast, rMuVs expressing human F and bat-derived HN proteins were less fusogenic compared to hMuV. The growth kinetics of chimeric MuVs expressing batMuV HN in combination with either hMuV or batMuV F were similar to that of the backbone virus, whereas a delay in virus replication was obtained for rMuVs harbouring batMuV F and hMuV HN. Replacement of the hMuV F and HN genes or the HN gene alone by the corresponding batMuV genes led to a slight reduction in neurovirulence of the highly neurovirulent backbone strain. Neutralizing antibodies inhibited infection mediated by all recombinant viruses generated. Furthermore, group IV anti-MuV antibodies inhibited the neuraminidase activity of bat-derived HN. Our study reports the successful generation of chimeric MuVs expressing the F and HN proteins of batMuV, providing a means for further examination of this novel batMuV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Krüger
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Sauder
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claes Örvell
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven Rubin
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Georg Herrler
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Walker J, Brady M, DiSilvestro P, Fujiwara K, Alberts D, Zheng W, Tewari K, Cohn D, Powell M, Van Le L, Rubin S, Davidson S, Gray H, Waggoner S, Myers T, Aghajanian C, Secord A, Mannel R. A phase III trial of bevacizumab with IV versus IP chemotherapy for ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal carcinoma: An NRG Oncology Study. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Chen H, Ngo L, Petrovskaya S, Gao Y, Laassri M, Rubin S. Purification of mumps virus particles of high viability. J Virol Methods 2016; 233:6-9. [PMID: 26992653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mumps is a highly infectious viral disease of humans with a wide array of clinical manifestations ranging from painful swelling of the salivary glands to meningitis and encephalitis. Despite the clinical importance of mumps virus, most of what is known of its biological properties comes from studies using supernatants from virus infected cell cultures, which contain substantial levels of host cell derived debris and biologically active substances such as cytokines, transcription factors and secreted virus proteins. These contaminants complicate interpretation of studies of virus replication, virus-host interactions and in vivo virulence. Here we describe a protocol for concentration of the virus from cell culture supernatants followed by gradient purification, resulting in attainment of high titer live virus of high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huosheng Chen
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Laurie Ngo
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Svetlana Petrovskaya
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Yamei Gao
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Majid Laassri
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Steven Rubin
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
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32
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Rubin S, Gosse P, Gruson D, Boyer A. Diagnostic et traitement de l’hypertension artérielle maligne en réanimation. Réponse aux auteurs. Réanimation 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-015-1093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rubin S, Eckhaus M, Rennick LJ, Bamford CGG, Duprex WP. Molecular biology, pathogenesis and pathology of mumps virus. J Pathol 2015; 235:242-52. [PMID: 25229387 PMCID: PMC4268314 DOI: 10.1002/path.4445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mumps is caused by the mumps virus (MuV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family of enveloped, non-segmented, negative-sense RNA viruses. Mumps is characterized by painful inflammatory symptoms, such as parotitis and orchitis. The virus is highly neurotropic, with laboratory evidence of central nervous system (CNS) infection in approximately half of cases. Symptomatic CNS infection occurs less frequently; nonetheless, prior to the introduction of routine vaccination, MuV was a leading cause of aseptic meningitis and viral encephalitis in many developed countries. Despite being one of the oldest recognized diseases, with a worldwide distribution, surprisingly little attention has been given to its study. Cases of aseptic meningitis associated with some vaccine strains and a global resurgence of cases, including in highly vaccinated populations, has renewed interest in the virus, particularly in its pathogenesis and the need for development of clinically relevant models of disease. In this review we summarize the current state of knowledge on the virus, its pathogenesis and its clinical and pathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Rubin
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michael Eckhaus
- Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Linda J Rennick
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
| | | | - W Paul Duprex
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
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Fiebelkorn AP, Coleman L, Belongia E, Freeman S, York D, Bi D, Zhang C, Ngo L, Rubin S, Kulkarni A, Audet S, Beeler J. 1339Measles and Mumps Antibody Response in Young Adults after a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine. Open Forum Infect Dis 2014. [PMCID: PMC5781405 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofu051.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Coleman
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI
- Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Daphne York
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI
| | - Daoling Bi
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Cheryl Zhang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laurie Ngo
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steven Rubin
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ashwin Kulkarni
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - Susette Audet
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - Judith Beeler
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
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Fiebelkorn AP, Coleman LA, Belongia EA, Freeman SK, York D, Bi D, Zhang C, Ngo L, Rubin S. Mumps antibody response in young adults after a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. Open Forum Infect Dis 2014; 1:ofu094. [PMID: 25734162 PMCID: PMC4324223 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofu094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Baseline mumps antibody titers were high-seropositive for 93.4% of subjects, low-seropositive for 5.8%, and seronegative for <1%. One month after a third measles-mumps-rubella vaccine dose, mumps titers had a modest but significant increase. One year later, titers returned to near baseline. Background Mumps outbreaks in populations with high 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine coverage raise the question whether a third dose of MMR vaccine (MMR3) is needed. However, data on the immunogenicity of MMR3 are limited. We assessed mumps virus neutralizing antibody levels pre- and post-MMR3 in a nonoutbreak setting. Methods Mumps antibody titers were assessed at baseline, 1 month, and 1 year after MMR3 in subjects aged 18–28 years. Results At baseline, 5 of 656 (0.8%) subjects had seronegative mumps neutralizing antibody titers and 38 (5.8%) had low titers. One year post-MMR3, these numbers declined to 3 (0.5%) and 16 (2.4%), respectively. Subjects with low baseline titers were more likely to have low 1-month and 1-year titers (R2 = 0.81–0.87, P < .0001). Compared to baseline, geometric mean titers were significantly higher at 1 month (P < .0001) and 1 year (P < .01) post-MMR3; however, reverse cumulative distribution curves showed only minimal shifts in mumps titers from baseline to 1 month and 1 year. Conclusions Very few subjects had negative or low baseline mumps titers. Nonetheless, mumps titers had modest but significant increases when measured 1 month and 1 year post-MMR3. This temporary increase in titers could decrease susceptibility to disease during outbreaks, but may have limited value for routine use in vaccinated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Parker Fiebelkorn
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Daphne York
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation , Wisconsin
| | - Daoling Bi
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cheryl Zhang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , Food and Drug Administration , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laurie Ngo
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , Food and Drug Administration , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Steven Rubin
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , Food and Drug Administration , Bethesda, Maryland
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Ravi A, Prine L, deFiebre G, Miller N, Rubin S. Beyond the surface: patient postinsertion implant experience in a family-physician-staffed federally qualified health center network. Contraception 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Rubin S, Jacobs A. “The easiest way”: decision-making process of urban adolescents choosing to use an IUD. Contraception 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.05.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Arnold E, Lane S, Webert KE, Chan A, Walker I, Tufts J, Rubin S, Poon MC, Heddle NM. What should men living with haemophilia need to know? The perspectives of Canadian men with haemophilia. Haemophilia 2013; 20:219-25. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Arnold
- Department of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - S. Lane
- Department of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - K. E. Webert
- Canadian Blood Services; Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - A. Chan
- Department of Pediatrics; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - I. Walker
- Department of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - J. Tufts
- Department of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - S. Rubin
- Department of Medicine; Horizon Health Network; Moncton NB Canada
| | - M-C. Poon
- Department of Medicine, Pediatrics and Oncology; University of Calgary; Calgary AB Canada
| | - N. M. Heddle
- Department of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Canadian Blood Services, Research and Development; Hamilton ON Canada
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Kachko A, Loesgen S, Shahzad-Ul-Hussan S, Tan W, Zubkova I, Takeda K, Wells F, Rubin S, Bewley CA, Major ME. Inhibition of hepatitis C virus by the cyanobacterial protein Microcystis viridis lectin: mechanistic differences between the high-mannose specific lectins MVL, CV-N, and GNA. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4590-4602. [PMID: 24152340 DOI: 10.1021/mp400399b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant or microbial lectins are known to exhibit potent antiviral activities against viruses with glycosylated surface proteins, yet the mechanism(s) by which these carbohydrate-binding proteins exert their antiviral activities is not fully understood. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is known to possess glycosylated envelope proteins (gpE1E2) and to be potently inhibited by lectins. Here, we tested in detail the antiviral properties of the newly discovered Microcystis viridis lectin (MVL) along with cyanovirin-N (CV-N) and Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) against cell culture HCV, as well as their binding properties toward viral particles, target cells, and recombinant HCV glycoproteins. Using infectivity assays, CV-N, MVL, and GNA inhibited HCV with IC50 values of 0.6 nM, 30.4 nM, and 11.1 nM, respectively. Biolayer interferometry analysis demonstrated a higher affinity of GNA to immobilized recombinant HCV glycoproteins compared to CV-N and MVL. Complementary studies, including fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, confocal microscopy, and pre- and post-virus binding assays, showed a complex mechanism of inhibition for CV-N and MVL that includes both viral and cell association, while GNA functions by binding directly to the viral particle. Combinations of GNA with CV-N or MVL in HCV infection studies revealed synergistic inhibitory effects, which can be explained by different glycan recognition profiles of the mainly high-mannoside specific lectins, and supports the hypothesis that these lectins inhibit through different and complex modes of action. Our findings provide important insights into the mechanisms by which lectins inhibit HCV infection. Overall, the data suggest MVL and CV-N have the potential for toxicity due to interactions with cellular proteins while GNA may be a better therapeutic agent due to specificity for the HCV gpE1E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Kachko
- Laboratory of Hepatitis Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Sandra Loesgen
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Syed Shahzad-Ul-Hussan
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda Maryland 20892, USA.,Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Wendy Tan
- Laboratory of Hepatitis Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Iryna Zubkova
- Laboratory of Hepatitis Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Kazuyo Takeda
- Microscopy and Imaging Core Facility, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892. USA
| | - Frances Wells
- Laboratory of Hepatitis Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Steven Rubin
- Laboratory of Method Development, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892. USA
| | - Carole A Bewley
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Marian E Major
- Laboratory of Hepatitis Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Rubin
- Food and Drug Administration/Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Bethesda, MD
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rubin
- Renal Unit, Hôpital de la Côte Basque, Bayonne, France
| | - A Lacraz
- Renal Unit, Hôpital de la Côte Basque, Bayonne, France
| | - V Galantine
- Renal Unit, Hôpital de la Côte Basque, Bayonne, France
| | - P Gosse
- Cardiology and Hypertension, Hopital Saint André, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Ravi A, Rubin S, Waltermaurer E, Miller N, Prine L. Comparison of iud insertion experience and clinician utilization at 6 months between adolescents and non-adolescents in a federally qualified health center network. Contraception 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rubin S, McKee M. Does competency matter? Factors associated with primary care providers’ frequently counseling adolescents about intrauterine contraception. Contraception 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.05.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ravi A, Rubin S, Waltermaurer E, Miller N, Prine L. Intrauterine contraception during the first 6 months: a comparison between adolescents and non-adolescents' clinical concerns, continuation and infection. Contraception 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rubin S, Broder A, McKee D. Competency and condoms: factors associated with frequently counseling adolescents about intrauterine contraception in primary care. Contraception 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Coleman R, Sill M, Aghajanian C, Gray H, Tewari K, Rubin S, Rutherford T, Chan J, Swisher E. A phase II evaluation of the potent, highly selective PARP inhibitor veliparib in the treatment of persistent or recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer in patients who carry a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation – a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.04.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bettolli M, De Carli C, Cornejo-Palma D, Jolin-Dahel K, Wang XY, Huizinga J, Krantis A, Rubin S, Staines WA. Interstitial cell of Cajal loss correlates with the degree of inflammation in the human appendix and reverses after inflammation. J Pediatr Surg 2012; 47:1891-9. [PMID: 23084203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal gut motility relies on the complex interaction between the interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) and the enteric nerve networks. Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract adversely affects both ICC and enteric nerves. We aimed to determine the distribution of ICC and nerve networks in patients with appendicitis. METHODS Specimens from controls and patients with appendicitis were examined with immunohistochemistry (c-Kit for ICC, beta III tubulin [Tuj-1] and neuronal nitric oxide synthase [histochemical diaphorase] for nitrergic neurons) and electron microscopy (EM). Data were quantified using image analysis. RESULTS We found a profound decrease in c-Kit immunoreactivity (c-Kit IR) in the advanced inflammatory stages of appendicitis, which correlated with the severity of inflammation. Electron microscopy confirmed ultrastructural injury in both ICC and nerve fiber networks during acute inflammation. After the inflammation resolved, interval appendices displayed a recovery in ICC c-Kit IR to control levels and normal ultrastructure. The neuronal network also displayed ultrastructural recovery; however, neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity did not recover. CONCLUSIONS Severe inflammation results in significant ultrastructural damage of nerves and ICC networks in appendicitis. The loss of c-Kit IR is likely due to impaired ICC cytophysiology because ICC was still present under EM. After resolution of acute inflammation, ICC recovers their normal ultrastructure and c-Kit IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Bettolli
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Cella D, Lai JS, Nowinski CJ, Victorson D, Peterman A, Miller D, Bethoux F, Heinemann A, Rubin S, Cavazos JE, Reder AT, Sufit R, Simuni T, Holmes GL, Siderowf A, Wojna V, Bode R, McKinney N, Podrabsky T, Wortman K, Choi S, Gershon R, Rothrock N, Moy C. Neuro-QOL: brief measures of health-related quality of life for clinical research in neurology. Neurology 2012; 78:1860-7. [PMID: 22573626 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318258f744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To address the need for brief, reliable, valid, and standardized quality of life (QOL) assessment applicable across neurologic conditions. METHODS Drawing from larger calibrated item banks, we developed short measures (8-9 items each) of 13 different QOL domains across physical, mental, and social health and evaluated their validity and reliability. Three samples were utilized during short form development: general population (Internet-based, n = 2,113); clinical panel (Internet-based, n = 553); and clinical outpatient (clinic-based, n = 581). All short forms are expressed as T scores with a mean of 50 and SD of 10. RESULTS Internal consistency (Cronbach α) of the 13 short forms ranged from 0.85 to 0.97. Correlations between short form and full-length item bank scores ranged from 0.88 to 0.99 (0.82-0.96 after removing common items from banks). Online respondents were asked whether they had any of 19 different chronic health conditions, and whether or not those reported conditions interfered with ability to function normally. All short forms, across physical, mental, and social health, were able to separate people who reported no health condition from those who reported 1-2 or 3 or more. In addition, scores on all 13 domains were worse for people who acknowledged being limited by the health conditions they reported, compared to those who reported conditions but were not limited by them. CONCLUSION These 13 brief measures of self-reported QOL are reliable and show preliminary evidence of concurrent validity inasmuch as they differentiate people based upon number of reported health conditions and whether those reported conditions impede normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cella
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Mantia-Smaldone G, Gamerman V, Gimotty P, Loomis R, Orsulic S, Rubin S, Coukos G, Adams S. CD8 T cell-mediated immune responses are critical to the increased efficacy of Doxil in BRCA1 deficient tumors. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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