1
|
Ngo HD, Formanski JP, Grunwald V, Schwalbe B, Schreiber M. Generation of Viral Particles with Brain Cell-Specific Tropism by Pseudotyping HIV-1 with the Zika Virus E Protein. Methods Protoc 2023; 7:3. [PMID: 38251196 PMCID: PMC10801502 DOI: 10.3390/mps7010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a family of RNA viruses that includes many known pathogens, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), and yellow fever virus (YFV). A pseudotype is an artificial virus particle created in vitro by incorporating the flavivirus envelope proteins into the structure of, for example, a retrovirus such as human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). They can be a useful tool in virology for understanding the biology of flaviviruses, evaluating immune responses, developing antiviral strategies but can also be used as vectors for gene transfer experiments. This protocol describes the generation of a ZIKV/HIV-1 pseudotype developed as a new tool for infecting cells derived from a highly malignant brain tumor: glioblastoma multiforme grade 4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Dang Ngo
- Department of Virology, LG Schreiber, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Patrick Formanski
- Department of Virology, LG Schreiber, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vivien Grunwald
- Department of Virology, LG Schreiber, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birco Schwalbe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asklepios Kliniken Hamburg GmbH, Asklepios Klinik Nord, Standort Heidberg, 22417 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schreiber
- Department of Virology, LG Schreiber, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pöhlking C, Beier S, Formanski JP, Friese M, Schreiber M, Schwalbe B. Isolation of Cells from Glioblastoma Multiforme Grade 4 Tumors for Infection with Zika Virus prME and ME Pseudotyped HIV-1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054467. [PMID: 36901897 PMCID: PMC10002608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate cells from grade 4 glioblastoma multiforme tumors for infection experiments with Zika virus (ZIKV) prME or ME enveloped HIV-1 pseudotypes. The cells obtained from tumor tissue were successfully cultured in human cerebrospinal fluid (hCSF) or a mixture of hCSF/DMEM in cell culture flasks with polar and hydrophilic surfaces. The isolated tumor cells as well as the U87, U138, and U343 cells tested positive for ZIKV receptors Axl and Integrin αvβ5. Pseudotype entry was detected by the expression of firefly luciferase or green fluorescent protein (gfp). In prME and ME pseudotype infections, luciferase expression in U-cell lines was 2.5 to 3.5 logarithms above the background, but still two logarithms lower than in the VSV-G pseudotype control. Infection of single cells was successfully detected in U-cell lines and isolated tumor cells by gfp detection. Even though prME and ME pseudotypes had low infection rates, pseudotypes with ZIKV envelopes are promising candidates for the treatment of glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celine Pöhlking
- Department of Virology, LG-Schreiber, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beier
- Department of Virology, LG-Schreiber, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Patrick Formanski
- Department of Virology, LG-Schreiber, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Friese
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Asklepios Kliniken Hamburg GmbH, Asklepios Klinik Nord, Standort Heidberg, 22417 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schreiber
- Department of Virology, LG-Schreiber, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Birco Schwalbe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asklepios Kliniken Hamburg GmbH, Asklepios Klinik Nord, Standort Heidberg, 22417 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang L, Wang X, Ming A, Tan W. Pseudotyped Virus for Flaviviridae. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1407:313-327. [PMID: 36920705 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-0113-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Members of Flaviviridae are enveloped single positive-stranded RNA viruses including hepacivirus, pestivirus, pegivirus, and mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, which are important pathogens of infectious diseases and pose serious threats to human health. Pseudotyped virus is an artificially constructed virus-like particle, which could infect host cells similar to a live virus but cannot produce infectious progeny virus. Therefore, pseudotyped virus has the advantages of a wide host range, high transfection efficiency, low biosafety risk, and accurate and objective quantification. It has been widely used in biological characteristics, drug screening, detection methods, and vaccine evaluation of Flaviviridae viruses like hepatitis C virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, dengue virus, and Zika virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leiliang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Annan Ming
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjie Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Generation of Multiple Arbovirus-like Particles Using a Rapid Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Expression Platform. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121505. [PMID: 36558839 PMCID: PMC9785247 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As demonstrated by the 2015 Zika virus outbreak in the Americas, emerging and re-emerging arboviruses are public health threats that warrant research investment for the development of effective prophylactics and therapeutics. Many arboviral diseases are underreported, neglected, or of low prevalence, yet they all have the potential to cause outbreaks of local and international concern. Here, we show the production of virus-like particles (VLPs) using a rapid and efficient recombinant vaccinia virus (VACV) expression system for five tick- and mosquito-borne arboviruses: Powassan virus (POWV), Heartland virus (HRTV), severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Bourbon virus (BRBV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV). We detected the expression of arbovirus genes of interest by Western blot and observed the expression of VLPs that resemble native virions under transmission electron microscopy. We were also able to improve the secretion of POWV VLPs by modifying the signal sequence within the capsid gene. This study describes the use of a rapid VACV platform for the production and purification of arbovirus VLPs that can be used as subunit or vectored vaccines, and provides insights into the selection of arbovirus genes for VLP formation and genetic modifications to improve VLP secretion and yield.
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu J, Mao Y, Li Q, Qiu Z, Li J, Li X, Liang W, Xu M, Li A, Cai X, Wu W, Chen H, Yan R, Li J, Gu W, Li H. Efficient Gene Transfer to Kidney Using a Lentiviral Vector Pseudotyped with Zika Virus Envelope Glycoprotein. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:1269-1278. [PMID: 35904396 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy's entrance into clinical settings has made it an ever more attractive field of study for various diseases. However, relatively little progress has been made in targeting kidney diseases due to poor gene delivery efficiency in renal cells. The development of novel gene therapy vectors for medical intervention to treat kidney diseases is needed. In this study, we designed and produced a pseudotyped lentiviral vector with envelope glycoproteins of Zika virus (ZIKV), and evaluated its potential use in viral vector entry, neutralization assay, and gene delivery especially in the renal context. The lentiviral vector, simplified as ZIKV-E, is pseudotyped with Env/G-TC representing the transmembrane (TM) and cytoplasmic (CY) domains of Env replaced with the TM and CY domains of the glycoprotein (G) of the vesicular stomatitis virus. In vivo results show that ZIKV-E induced efficient transduction in tubular epithelial cells in mouse kidneys, demonstrating >100-fold higher expression of exogenous green fluorescent protein gene compared with that achieved by vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) protein pseudotyped lentiviral vector. The results also showed that the vector ZIKV-E transduced cells in a pH-independent manner and the transduction was inhibited by anti-ZIKV Env domain III antibodies. Results also show that ZIKV-E can be used as a surrogate for studies of ZIKV entry mechanisms and neutralization antibody assay. In all, this study successfully demonstrated a novel pseudotyped lentiviral vector ZIKV-E for inducing high transduction efficiency in renal tubular epithelial cells that could serve as a foundation for gene therapy for the treatment of inherited renal diseases in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Mao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Laboratory, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Qiu
- Guangzhou Bioneeds Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhan Liang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrew Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiangsheng Cai
- Center for Medical Experiments, University of Chinese Academy of Science-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; and
| | - Wangsheng Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huangyao Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renhe Yan
- Guangzhou Bioneeds Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwang Gu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsai WY, Ching LL, Hsieh SC, Melish ME, Nerurkar VR, Wang WK. A real-time and high-throughput neutralization test based on SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus containing monomeric infrared fluorescent protein as reporter. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:894-904. [PMID: 33929934 PMCID: PMC8143625 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1925163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to correlate with protection in animals and humans, disease severity, survival, and vaccine efficacy. With the ongoing large-scale vaccination in different countries and continuous surge of new variants of global concerns, a convenient, cost-effective and high-throughput neutralization test is urgently needed. Conventional SARS-CoV-2 neutralization test is tedious, time-consuming and requires a biosafety level 3 laboratory. Despite recent reports of neutralizations using different pseudoviruses with a luciferase or green fluorescent protein reporter, the laborious steps, inter-assay variability or high background limit their high-throughput potential. In this study we generated lentivirus-based pseudoviruses containing a monomeric infrared fluorescent protein reporter to develop neutralization assays. Similar tropism, infection kinetics and mechanism of entry through receptor-mediated endocytosis were found in the three pseudoviruses generated. Compared with pseudovirus D614, pseudovirus with D614G mutation had decreased shedding and higher density of S1 protein present on particles. The 50% neutralization titers to pseudoviruses D614 or D614G correlated with the plaque reduction neutralization titers to live SARS-CoV-2. The turn-around time of 48-72 h, minimal autofluorescence, one-step image quantification, expandable to 384-well, sequential readouts and dual quantifications by flow cytometry support its high-throughput and versatile applications at a non-reference and biosafety level 2 laboratory, in particular for assessing the neutralization sensitivity of new variants by sera from natural infection or different vaccinations during our fight against the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yang Tsai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lauren L. Ching
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Szu-Chia Hsieh
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Marian E. Melish
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Kapi’olani Medical Center for Women and Children, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Vivek R. Nerurkar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Wei-Kung Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ruiz-Jiménez F, Pérez-Olais JH, Raymond C, King BJ, McClure CP, Urbanowicz RA, Ball JK. Challenges on the development of a pseudotyping assay for Zika glycoproteins. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70:001413. [PMID: 34499027 PMCID: PMC8697511 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged as a public health concern on the American continent during late 2015. As the number of infected grew so did the concerns about its capability to cause long-term damage especially with the appearance of the congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Proteins from the TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) were proposed as the cellular receptors, however, due to the ability of the virus to infect a variety of cell lines different strategies to elucidate the tropism of the virus should be investigated.Hypothesis. Pseudotyping is a powerful tool to interrogate the ability of the glycoprotein (GP) to permit entry of viruses.Aim. We aimed to establish a highly tractable pseudotype model using lenti- and retro-viral backbones to investigate the entry pathway of ZIKV.Methodology. We used different glycoprotein constructs and different lenti- or retro-viral backbones, in a matrix of ratios to investigate production of proteins and functional pseudotypes.Results. Varying the ratio of backbone and glycoprotein plasmids did not yield infectious pseudotypes. Moreover, the supplementation of the ZIKV protease or the substitution of the backbone had no positive impact on the infectivity. We showed production of the proteins in producer cells implying the lack of infectious pseudotypes is due to a lack of successful glycoprotein incorporation, rather than lack of protein production.Conclusion. In line with other reports, we were unable to successfully produce infectious pseudotypes using the variety of methods described. Other strategies may be more suitable in the development of an efficient pseudotype model for ZIKV and other flaviviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chidinma Raymond
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Barnabas J King
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Richard A. Urbanowicz
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonathan K. Ball
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yamamoto M, Ichinohe T, Watanabe A, Kobayashi A, Zhang R, Song J, Kawaguchi Y, Matsuda Z, Inoue JI. The Antimalarial Compound Atovaquone Inhibits Zika and Dengue Virus Infection by Blocking E Protein-Mediated Membrane Fusion. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121475. [PMID: 33371476 PMCID: PMC7767512 DOI: 10.3390/v12121475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses bear class II fusion proteins as their envelope (E) proteins. Here, we describe the development of an in vitro quantitative mosquito-cell-based membrane-fusion assay for the E protein using dual split proteins (DSPs). The assay does not involve the use of live viruses and allows the analysis of a membrane-fusion step independent of other events in the viral lifecycle, such as endocytosis. The progress of membrane fusion can be monitored continuously by measuring the activities of Renilla luciferase derived from the reassociation of DSPs during cell fusion. We optimized the assay to screen an FDA-approved drug library for a potential membrane fusion inhibitor using the E protein of Zika virus. Screening results identified atovaquone, which was previously described as an antimalarial agent. Atovaquone potently blocked the in vitro Zika virus infection of mammalian cells with an IC90 of 2.1 µM. Furthermore, four distinct serotypes of dengue virus were also inhibited by atovaquone with IC90 values of 1.6–2.5 µM, which is a range below the average blood concentration of atovaquone after its oral administration in humans. These findings make atovaquone a likely candidate drug to treat illnesses caused by Zika as well as dengue viruses. Additionally, the DSP assay is useful to study the mechanism of membrane fusion in Flaviviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Yamamoto
- Research Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.W.); (A.K.); (Y.K.)
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ichinohe
- Division of Viral Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Aya Watanabe
- Research Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.W.); (A.K.); (Y.K.)
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ayako Kobayashi
- Research Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.W.); (A.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Rui Zhang
- Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China;
| | - Jiping Song
- China-Japan Joint Laboratory of Molecular Immunology & Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China;
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Research Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.W.); (A.K.); (Y.K.)
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Zene Matsuda
- Research Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.W.); (A.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8072, Japan
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (J.-i.I.); Tel.: +81-3-6409-2204 (Z.M.); +81-3-6409-2476 (J.-i.I.)
| | - Jun-ichiro Inoue
- Research Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.W.); (A.K.); (Y.K.)
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Senior Professor Office, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (J.-i.I.); Tel.: +81-3-6409-2204 (Z.M.); +81-3-6409-2476 (J.-i.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin HH, Huang LM, Wu SC. A quantitative luciferase-based cell-cell fusion assay to measure four-serotype dengue virus E protein-triggered membrane fusion. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2176-2182. [PMID: 32530355 PMCID: PMC7553686 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1748989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The class II membrane fusion induced by flavivirus E proteins is a unique pH-dependent membrane fusion process differently from the class I or III membrane fusion by other enveloped virus proteins. The fusion peptide on the DII of the flavivirus E proteins can insert into the cell membrane as a cell entry process besides the receptor bindings. A traditional assay using C6/36 mosquito cells infected by dengue viruses has been previously reported but did not provide efficient quantitation to measure the virus-triggered membrane fusion. Here we reported the development of a quantitative cell fusion assay for four serotypes of dengue viruses and the recently emerged Zika viruses. We used a pCI-neo vector encoding the prME genes of dengue and Zika viruses and investigated the cell fusion in transfected 293, Vero and CHO cells. Donor cells were co-transfection of the prME genes of dengue and Zika prME gene and T7 RNA polymerase to react with the indicator cells transfected with the luciferase gene under the control of the T7 promoter. Quantification of the virus-induced cell fusion was determined by the luciferase expression levels under a switch of pH from 7.4 to 5.4 in the co-cultured donor and indicator cells. The quantitative luciferase-based assay was applied to measure the anti-fusion activity by two monoclonal antibodies mAb 4G2 and mAb DB42 against dengue virus infections. This assay could quality as a quantitative bioassay for testing the potency of anti-fusion monoclonal antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Han Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zikavirus prME Envelope Pseudotyped Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 as a Novel Tool for Glioblastoma-Directed Virotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12041000. [PMID: 32325703 PMCID: PMC7226176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most lethal type of brain tumor that is not yet curable owing to its frequent resurgence after surgery. Resistance is mainly caused by the presence of a subpopulation of tumor cells, the glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are highly resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. In 2015, Zikavirus (ZIKV)-induced microcephaly emerged in newborns, indicating that ZIKV has a specific neurotropism. Accordingly, an oncolytic tropism for infecting GSCs was demonstrated in a murine tumor model. Like other flaviviruses, ZIKV is enveloped by two proteins, prM and E. The pME expression plasmid along with the HIV-1 vector pNL Luc AM generated prME pseudotyped viral particles. Four different prME envelopes, Z1 to Z4, were cloned, and the corresponding pseudotypes, Z1- to Z4-HIVluc, produced by this two-plasmid system, were tested for entry efficiency using Vero-B4 cells. The most efficient pseudotype, Z1-HIVluc, also infected glioma-derived cell lines U87 and 86HG39. The pseudotype system was then extended by using a three-plasmid system including pME-Z1, the HIV-1 packaging plasmid psPAX2, and the lentiviral vector pLenti-luciferase-P2A-Neo. The corresponding pseudotype, designated Z1-LENTIluc, also infected U87 and 86HG39 cells. Altogether, a pseudotyped virus especially targeting glioma-derived cells might be a promising candidate for a prospective glioblastoma-directed virotherapy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Retrovirus-Based Surrogate Systems for BSL-2 High-Throughput Screening of Antivirals Targeting BSL-3/4 Hemorrhagic Fever-Causing Viruses. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1604:393-403. [PMID: 28986850 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6981-4_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The majority of viruses causing hemorrhagic fever in humans are Risk Group 3 or 4 pathogens and, therefore, can only be handled in biosafety level 3 or 4 (BSL-3/4) containment laboratories. The restricted number of such laboratories, the substantial financial requirements to maintain them, and safety concerns for the laboratory workers pose formidable challenges for rapid medical countermeasure discovery and evaluation. BSL-2 surrogate systems are a less challenging, cheap, and fast alternative to the use of live high-consequence viruses for dissecting and targeting individual steps of viral lifecycles with a diminished threat to the laboratory worker. Typical surrogate systems are virion-like particles (VLPs), transcriptionally active ("infectious") VLPs, minigenome systems, recombinant heterotypic viruses encoding proteins of target viruses, and vesiculoviral or retroviral pseudotype systems. Here, we outline the use of retroviral pseudotypes for identification of antivirals against BSL-4 pathogens.
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Q, Liu Q, Huang W, Li X, Wang Y. Current status on the development of pseudoviruses for enveloped viruses. Rev Med Virol 2017; 28. [PMID: 29218769 PMCID: PMC7169153 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases have a strong negative impact on public health. However, because many of these pathogens must be handled in biosafety level, 3 or 4 containment laboratories, research and development of antivirals or vaccines against these diseases are often impeded. Alternative approaches to address this issue have been vigorously pursued, particularly the use of pseudoviruses in place of wild‐type viruses. As pseudoviruses have been deprived of certain gene sequences of the virulent virus, they can be handled in biosafety level 2 laboratories. Importantly, the envelopes of these viral particles may have similar conformational structures to those of the wild‐type viruses, making it feasible to conduct mechanistic investigation on viral entry and to evaluate potential neutralizing antibodies. However, a variety of challenging issues remain, including the production of a sufficient pseudovirus yield and the inability to produce an appropriate pseudotype of certain viruses. This review discusses current progress in the development of pseudoviruses and dissects the factors that contribute to low viral yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xuguang Li
- Division of Regulatory Research, Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Introducing a cleavable signal peptide enhances the packaging efficiency of lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with Japanese encephalitis virus envelope proteins. Virus Res 2017; 229:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
14
|
Castilla V, Piccini LE, Damonte EB. Dengue virus entry and trafficking: perspectives as antiviral target for prevention and therapy. Future Virol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.15.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Dengue virus (DENV) is the etiological agent of the most important human viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes in the world. In spite of the serious health threat that dengue represents, at present there are no vaccine or antiviral agents available and treatment of patients consists of supportive therapy. This review will focus on the process of DENV entry into the host cell as a potential target for antiviral therapy. The recent advances in the knowledge of viral and cellular molecules and mechanisms involved in binding, internalization and trafficking of DENV into the host cell until virion uncoating are discussed, together with an overview of the strategies and compounds evaluated for development of antiviral agents targeted to DENV entry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Castilla
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luana E Piccini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elsa B Damonte
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an emerging mosquito-borne human pathogen that affects millions of individuals each year by causing severe and potentially fatal syndromes. Despite intense research efforts, no approved vaccine or antiviral therapy is yet available. Overcoming this limitation requires detailed understanding of the intimate relationship between the virus and its host cell, providing the basis to devise optimal prophylactic and therapeutic treatment options. With the advent of novel high-throughput technologies including functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics, new important insights into the DENV replication cycle and the interaction of this virus with its host cell have been obtained. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive overview on the current status of the DENV research field, covering every step of the viral replication cycle with a particular focus on virus-host cell interaction. We will also review specific chemical inhibitors targeting cellular factors and processes of relevance for the DENV replication cycle and their possible exploitation for the development of next generation antivirals.
Collapse
|
16
|
Characterization of the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 4: expression, membrane association, secretion and particle formation in the absence of precursor membrane protein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100641. [PMID: 24950216 PMCID: PMC4065094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The envelope (E) of dengue virus (DENV) is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development. After biosynthesis E protein forms a heterodimer with precursor membrane (prM) protein. Recent reports of infection enhancement by anti-prM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) suggest anti-prM responses could be potentially harmful. Previously, we studied a series of C-terminal truncation constructs expressing DENV type 4 prM/E or E proteins and found the ectodomain of E protein alone could be recognized by all 12 mAbs tested, suggesting E protein ectodomain as a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response. The characteristics of DENV E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein remains largely unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we investigated the expression, membrane association, glycosylation pattern, secretion and particle formation of E protein ectodomain of DENV4 in the presence or absence of prM protein. E protein ectodomain associated with membrane in or beyond trans-Golgi and contained primarily complex glycans, whereas full-length E protein associated with ER membrane and contained high mannose glycans. In the absence of prM protein, E protein ectodomain can secrete as well as form particles of approximately 49 nm in diameter, as revealed by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation with or without detergent and electron microscopy. Mutational analysis revealed that the secretion of E protein ectodomain was affected by N-linked glycosylation and could be restored by treatment with ammonia chloride. Conclusions/Significance Considering the enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM antibodies, our findings provide new insights into the expression and secretion of E protein ectodomain in the absence of prM protein and contribute to future subunit vaccine design.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lai CY, Williams KL, Wu YC, Knight S, Balmaseda A, Harris E, Wang WK. Analysis of cross-reactive antibodies recognizing the fusion loop of envelope protein and correlation with neutralizing antibody titers in Nicaraguan dengue cases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2451. [PMID: 24069496 PMCID: PMC3777924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the leading cause of arboviral diseases in humans worldwide. The envelope (E) protein of DENV is the major target of neutralizing antibodies (Abs). Previous studies have shown that a significant proportion of anti-E Abs in human serum after DENV infection recognize the highly conserved fusion loop (FL) of E protein. The role of anti-FL Abs in protection against subsequent DENV infection versus pathogenesis remains unclear. A human anti-E monoclonal Ab was used as a standard in a virion-capture ELISA to measure the concentration of anti-E Abs, [anti-E Abs], in dengue-immune sera from Nicaraguan patients collected 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post-infection. The proportion of anti-FL Abs was determined by capture ELISA using virus-like particles containing mutations in FL, and the concentration of anti-FL Abs, [anti-FL Abs], was calculated. Neutralization titers (NT50) were determined using a previously described flow cytometry-based assay. Analysis of sequential samples from 10 dengue patients revealed [anti-E Abs] and [anti-FL Abs] were higher in secondary than in primary DENV infections. While [anti-FL Abs] did not correlate with NT50 against the current infecting serotype, it correlated with NT50 against the serotypes to which patients had likely not yet been exposed (“non-exposed” serotypes) in 14 secondary DENV3 and 15 secondary DENV2 cases. These findings demonstrate the kinetics of anti-FL Abs and provide evidence that anti-FL Abs play a protective role against “non-exposed” serotypes after secondary DENV infection. The four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) are the leading cause of mosquito-borne viral diseases in humans. Whereas infection with one DENV serotype is thought to confer protection against re-infection with that serotype, it can be either protective or enhance disease severity upon subsequent (“secondary”) infection with a different serotype. The envelope (E) protein of DENV is the major target of neutralizing antibodies. Previously, we and others reported that a significant proportion of anti-E antibodies in human dengue-immune sera recognize the fusion loop (FL) of E protein. The role of anti-FL antibodies in protection against subsequent DENV infections versus pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we developed capture ELISAs to measure the concentrations of anti-E and anti-FL antibodies in sera of Nicaraguan dengue patients collected 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post-illness, and investigated the kinetics of these antibodies and their relationship to neutralization activity. While the concentrations of anti-FL antibodies did not correlate with 50% neutralization titers (NT50) against the current infecting serotype, it correlated with NT50 against serotypes to which patients had likely not yet been exposed (“non-exposed” serotypes) in secondary DENV infections. These findings provide evidence that anti-FL antibodies play a protective role against “non-exposed” serotypes after secondary DENV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yun Lai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Katherine L. Williams
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Yi-Chieh Wu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Sarah Knight
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- National Virology Laboratory, National Center for Diagnosis and Reference, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EH); (WKW)
| | - Wei-Kung Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EH); (WKW)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
C-terminal helical domains of dengue virus type 4 E protein affect the expression/stability of prM protein and conformation of prM and E proteins. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52600. [PMID: 23300717 PMCID: PMC3530441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The envelope (E) protein of dengue virus (DENV) is the major immunogen for dengue vaccine development. At the C-terminus are two α-helices (EH1 and EH2) and two transmembrane domains (ET1 and ET2). After synthesis, E protein forms a heterodimer with the precursor membrane (prM) protein, which has been shown as a chaperone for E protein and could prevent premature fusion of E protein during maturation. Recent reports of enhancement of DENV infectivity by anti-prM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) suggest the presence of prM protein in dengue vaccine is potentially harmful. A better understanding of prM-E interaction and its effect on recognition of E and prM proteins by different antibodies would provide important information for future design of safe and effective subunit dengue vaccines. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we examined a series of C-terminal truncation constructs of DENV4 prME, E and prM. In the absence of E protein, prM protein expressed poorly. In the presence of E protein, the expression of prM protein increased in a dose-dependent manner. Radioimmunoprecipitation, sucrose gradient sedimentation and pulse-chase experiments revealed ET1 and EH2 were involved in prM-E interaction and EH2 in maintaining the stability of prM protein. Dot blot assay revealed E protein affected the recognition of prM protein by an anti-prM mAb; truncation of EH2 or EH1 affected the recognition of E protein by several anti-E mAbs, which was further verified by capture ELISA. The E protein ectodomain alone can be recognized well by all anti-E mAbs tested. Conclusions/Significance A C-terminal domain (EH2) of DENV E protein can affect the expression and stability of its chaperone prM protein. These findings not only add to our understanding of the interaction between prM and E proteins, but also suggest the ectodomain of E protein alone could be a potential subunit immunogen without inducing anti-prM response.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin HE, Tsai WY, Liu IJ, Li PC, Liao MY, Tsai JJ, Wu YC, Lai CY, Lu CH, Huang JH, Chang GJ, Wu HC, Wang WK. Analysis of epitopes on dengue virus envelope protein recognized by monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal human sera by a high throughput assay. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1447. [PMID: 22235356 PMCID: PMC3250511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The envelope (E) protein of dengue virus (DENV) is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development. While previous studies on domain III or domain I/II alone have reported several epitopes of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against DENV E protein, the possibility of interdomain epitopes and the relationship between epitopes and neutralizing potency remain largely unexplored. Methodology/Principal Findings We developed a dot blot assay by using 67 alanine mutants of predicted surface-exposed E residues as a systematic approach to identify epitopes recognized by mAbs and polyclonal sera, and confirmed our findings using a capture-ELISA assay. Of the 12 mouse mAbs tested, three recognized a novel epitope involving residues (Q211, D215, P217) at the central interface of domain II, and three recognized residues at both domain III and the lateral ridge of domain II, suggesting a more frequent presence of interdomain epitopes than previously appreciated. Compared with mAbs generated by traditional protocols, the potent neutralizing mAbs generated by a new protocol recognized multiple residues in A strand or residues in C strand/CC′ loop of DENV2 and DENV1, and multiple residues in BC loop and residues in DE loop, EF loop/F strand or G strand of DENV1. The predominant epitopes of anti-E antibodies in polyclonal sera were found to include both fusion loop and non-fusion residues in the same or adjacent monomer. Conclusions/Significance Our analyses have implications for epitope-specific diagnostics and epitope-based dengue vaccines. This high throughput method has tremendous application for mapping both intra and interdomain epitopes recognized by human mAbs and polyclonal sera, which would further our understanding of humoral immune responses to DENV at the epitope level. Dengue virus is the leading cause of arboviral diseases worldwide. The envelope protein is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development. While previous studies have reported several epitopes on envelope protein, the possibility of interdomain epitopes and the relationship of epitopes to neutralizing potency remain unexplored. We developed a high throughput dot blot assay by using 67 alanine mutants of surface-exposed envelope residues as a systematic approach to identify epitopes recognized by mouse monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal human sera. Our results suggested the presence of interdomain epitopes more frequent than previously appreciated. Compared with monoclonal antibodies generated by traditional protocol, the potent neutralizing monoclonal antibodies generated by a new protocol showed several unique features of their epitopes. Moreover, the predominant epitopes of antibodies against envelope protein in polyclonal sera can be identified by this assay. These findings have implications for future development of epitope-specific diagnostics and epitope-based dengue vaccine, and add to our understanding of humoral immune responses to dengue virus at the epitope level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-En Lin
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yang Tsai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - I-Ju Liu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Chun Li
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ying Liao
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jin Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Wu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Chih-Yun Lai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Chih-Hsuan Lu
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Health, Center for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gwong-Jen Chang
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Health and Human Service, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kung Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The helical domains of the stem region of dengue virus envelope protein are involved in both virus assembly and entry. J Virol 2011; 85:5159-71. [PMID: 21367896 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02099-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The envelope (E) of dengue virus (DENV) is a determinant of tropism and virulence. At the C terminus of E protein, there is a stem region containing two amphipathic α-helical domains (EH1 and EH2) and a stretch of conserved sequences in between. The crystal structure of E protein at the postfusion state suggested the involvement of the stem during the fusion; however, the critical domains or residues involved remain unknown. Site-directed mutagenesis was carried out to replace each of the stem residues at the hydrophobic face with an alanine or proline in a DENV serotype 4 (DENV4) precursor membrane (prM)/E expression construct. Most of the 15 proline mutations at either EH1 or EH2 severely affected the assembly of virus-like particles (VLPs). Radioimmunoprecipitation and membrane flotation assays revealed that EH1 mutations primarily affect prM-E heterodimerization and EH2 mutations affect the membrane binding of the stem. Introducing four proline mutations at either EH1 or EH2 into a DENV2 replicon packaging system greatly affects assembly and entry. Moreover, introducing these mutations into a DENV2 infectious clone confirmed the impairment in assembly and infectivity. Sequencing analysis of adaptive mutations in passage 5 viruses revealed a change to a leucine or wild-type residue at the original site, suggesting the importance of maintaining the helical structure. Collectively, these findings suggest that the EH1 and EH2 domains are involved in both assembly and entry steps of the DENV replication cycle; this feature, together with the high degree of sequence conservation, suggests that the stem region is a potential target of antiviral strategies.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hsieh SC, Zou G, Tsai WY, Qing M, Chang GJ, Shi PY, Wang WK. The C-terminal helical domain of dengue virus precursor membrane protein is involved in virus assembly and entry. Virology 2010; 410:170-80. [PMID: 21129763 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of the α-helical domain (MH) of dengue virus (DENV) precursor membrane protein in replication was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Proline substitutions of three residues (120, 123 and 127) at the C-terminus, but not those at the N-terminus of MH domain, reduced the virus-like particles of DENV1, DENV2 and DENV4 detected in supernatants. In a DENV2 replicon trans-packaging system, these three mutations suppressed particles detected; two of them (I123P and V127P) also affected viral entry. In the context of DENV2 genome-length RNA, all three mutations reduced virion assembly and virus spreading in cell culture. Analysis of revertants showed that mutation A120P could partially support viral infection cycle; in contrast, mutations I123P and V127P were lethal, and adaptations of I123P→I123L and V127P→V127L were required to restore the viral infection cycle. These findings demonstrate that the C-terminus of the MH domain is involved in both assembly and entry of DENV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Chia Hsieh
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li GR, Liu J, Pan Q, Song ZB, Luo FL, Wang SR, Zhang XL, Zhou X. Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of [ddN]-[ddN] dimers and benzimidazole nucleoside dimers. Chem Biodivers 2010; 6:2200-8. [PMID: 20020452 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to combine the HIV-inhibitory capacity of different 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside (ddN) analogs, we have designed and synthesized several dimers of [AZT]-[AZT] and [AZT]-[d4T]. In addition, we also synthesized the dimers of 1-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-1-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose. The in vitro anti-HIV activity of these compounds on a pseudotype virus, pNL4-3.Luc.R-E-, in the 293T cells has been determined. Among these compounds, 2,2'-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis[1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole] showed the highest anti-HIV activity with similar effect as AZT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Rui Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
The length of and nonhydrophobic residues in the transmembrane domain of dengue virus envelope protein are critical for its retention and assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum. J Virol 2010; 84:4782-97. [PMID: 20181718 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01963-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphogenesis of many enveloped viruses, in which viral nucleocapsid complex interacts with envelope (E) protein, is known to take place at various sites along the secretory pathway. How viral E protein retains in a particular intracellular organelle for assembly remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated determinants in the E protein of dengue virus (DENV) for its retention and assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A chimeric experiment between CD4 and DENV precursor membrane/E constructs suggested that the transmembrane domain (TMD) of E protein contains an ER retention signal. Substitutions of three nonhydrophobic residues at the N terminus of the first helix (T1) and at either the N or C terminus of the second helix of the TMD with three hydrophobic residues, as well as an increase in the length of T1, led to the release of chimeric CD4 and E protein from the ER, suggesting that short length and certain nonhydrophobic residues of the TMD are critical for ER retention. The analysis of enveloped viruses assembled at the plasma membrane and of those assembled in the Golgi complex and ER revealed a trend of decreasing length and increasing nonhydrophobic residues of the TMD of E proteins. Taken together, these findings support a TMD-dependent sorting for viral E proteins along the secretory pathway. Moreover, similar mutations introduced into the TMD of DENV E protein resulted in the increased production of virus-like particles (VLPs), suggesting that modifications of TMD facilitate VLP production and have implications for utilizing flaviviral VLPs as serodiagnostic antigens and vaccine candidates.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Dengue virus is an expanding public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, mainly owing to failure in the maintenance of control programs for the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti and increasing and unplanned urbanization. It has been estimated that over 50 million dengue virus infections of varying severity occur globally each year, making this virus the most significant mosquito-borne human pathogen. However, there is no specific antiviral therapy or vaccine for treatment or prevention. This review focuses on recent data describing the putative molecules and mechanisms involved in the complex process of dengue virus binding and entry into mosquito and mammalian cells in primary infections. Furthermore, the perspectives of these early events in the virus life cycle as a target for antidengue therapeutic strategies are also considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana G Acosta
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura B Talarico
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elsa B Damonte
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang SF, Huang JC, Lee YM, Liu SJ, Chan YJ, Chau YP, Chong P, Chen YMA. DC-SIGN mediates avian H5N1 influenza virus infection in cis and in trans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 373:561-6. [PMID: 18593570 PMCID: PMC7092884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DC-SIGN, a C-type lectin receptor expressed in dendritic cells (DCs), has been identified as a receptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hepatitis C virus, Ebola virus, cytomegalovirus, dengue virus, and the SARS coronavirus. We used H5N1 pseudotyped and reverse-genetics (RG) virus particles to study their ability to bind with DC-SIGN. Electronic microscopy and functional assay results indicate that pseudotyped viruses containing both HA and NA proteins express hemagglutination and are capable of infecting cells expressing α-2,3-linked sialic acid receptors. Results from a capture assay show that DC-SIGN-expressing cells (including B-THP-1/DC-SIGN and T-THP-1/DC-SIGN) and peripheral blood dendritic cells are capable of transferring H5N1 pseudotyped and RG virus particles to target cells; this action can be blocked by anti-DC-SIGN monoclonal antibodies. In summary, (a) DC-SIGN acts as a capture or attachment molecule for avian H5N1 virus, and (b) DC-SIGN mediates infections in cis and in trans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Antibodies to envelope glycoprotein of dengue virus during the natural course of infection are predominantly cross-reactive and recognize epitopes containing highly conserved residues at the fusion loop of domain II. J Virol 2008; 82:6631-43. [PMID: 18448542 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00316-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibody response to the envelope (E) glycoprotein of dengue virus (DENV) is known to play a critical role in both protection from and enhancement of disease, especially after primary infection. However, the relative amounts of homologous and heterologous anti-E antibodies and their epitopes remain unclear. In this study, we examined the antibody responses to E protein as well as to precursor membrane (PrM), capsid, and nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of four serotypes of DENV by Western blot analysis of DENV serotype 2-infected patients with different disease severity and immune status during an outbreak in southern Taiwan in 2002. Based on the early-convalescent-phase sera tested, the rates of antibody responses to PrM and NS1 proteins were significantly higher in patients with secondary infection than in those with primary infection. A blocking experiment and neutralization assay showed that more than 90% of anti-E antibodies after primary infection were cross-reactive and nonneutralizing against heterologous serotypes and that only a minor proportion were type specific, which may account for the type-specific neutralization activity. Moreover, the E-binding activity in sera of 10 patients with primary infection was greatly reduced by amino acid replacements of three fusion loop residues, tryptophan at position 101, leucine at position 107, and phenylalanine at position 108, but not by replacements of those outside the fusion loop of domain II, suggesting that the predominantly cross-reactive anti-E antibodies recognized epitopes involving the highly conserved residues at the fusion loop of domain II. These findings have implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis of dengue and for the future design of subunit vaccine against DENV as well.
Collapse
|