1
|
Gu Q, Wu Z, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Shi M, Huang J, Chen X. A teratocyte-specific serpin from the endoparasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis inhibits the prophenoloxidase-activating system of its host Plutella xylostella. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:202-215. [PMID: 34897868 PMCID: PMC9303735 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many endoparasitoids adopt several parasitic factors, such as venom, polydnavirus and teratocytes, to suppress the immune response of their associated hosts including melanization for successful parasitism. A teratocyte-specific expressed serpin gene, designated as CvT-serpin6, was identified from the parasitoid Cotesia vestalis. The immunoblot result suggested that CvT-serpin6 was secreted into extracellular space. qPCR results showed that CvT-serpin6 was mainly transcribed at later stages of parasitism, and the transcriptional abundance of CvT-serpin6 in teratocytes was significantly increased in response to the challenge of bacteria. Inhibitory assay indicated that recombinant CvT-serpin6 (rCvT-serpin6) could inhibit the activation of Plutella xylostella prophenoloxidase and ultimately resulted in the inhibition of melanization in P. xylostella haemolymph. Furthermore, we confirmed that rCvT-serpin6 could form SDS-stable complexes with activated PxPAP1 and PxPAP3 in a dose-dependent manner. Altogether, our results further shed insight into the molecular mechanisms that teratocytes involved in controlling host immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qijuan Gu
- Institute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- College of Agriculture and Food scienceZhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Institute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuenan Zhou
- Institute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- Institute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Min Shi
- Institute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect PestsZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Key Lab of Rice BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Darboux I, Cusson M, Volkoff AN. The dual life of ichnoviruses. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 32:47-53. [PMID: 31113631 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ichnoviruses (IVs) are mutualistic, double-stranded DNA viruses playing a key role in the successful parasitism of thousands of endoparasitoid wasp species. IV particles are produced exclusively in the female wasp reproductive tract. They are co-injected along with the parasitoid egg into caterpillar hosts upon parasitization. The expression of viral genes by infected host cells leads to an immunosuppressive state and delayed development of the host, two pathologies that are critical to the successful development of the wasp egg and larva. Ichnovirus is one of the two recognized genera within the family Polydnaviridae (polydnaviruses or PDVs), the other genus being Bracovirus (BV), associated with braconid wasps. IVs are associated with ichneumonid wasps belonging to the subfamilies Campopleginae and Banchinae; attempts to identify IV particles in other ichneumonid subfamilies have so far been unsuccessful. Functional studies targeting IV genes expressed in parasitized hosts, along with investigations of the molecular mechanisms responsible for viral morphogenesis in the female wasp, have resulted in a better understanding of the biology of these atypical viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Darboux
- UMR DGIMI 1333 INRA Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Michel Cusson
- Centre de foresterie des Laurentides, Ressources naturelles Canada, Québec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye XQ, Shi M, Huang JH, Chen XX. Parasitoid polydnaviruses and immune interaction with secondary hosts. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:124-129. [PMID: 29352983 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are obligatory symbionts with parasitoid wasps. The PDV virions are produced solely in wasp (the primary host) calyx cells. They are injected into caterpillar hosts (the secondary host) during parasitoid oviposition, where they express irreplaceable actions to ensure survival and development of wasp larvae. Some of PDV gene products suppress host immune responses while others alter host growth, metabolism or endocrine system. Here, we treat new findings on PDV gene products and their action on immunity within secondary hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Qian Ye
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue-Xin Chen
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The multifunctional polydnavirus TnBVANK1 protein: impact on host apoptotic pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11775. [PMID: 28924205 PMCID: PMC5603617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoneuron nigriceps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) is an endophagous parasitoid of the larval stages of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). The bracovirus associated with this wasp (TnBV) is currently being studied. Several genes expressed in parasitised host larvae have been isolated and their possible roles partly elucidated. TnBVank1 encodes an ankyrin motif protein similar to insect and mammalian IκB, an inhibitor of the transcription nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Here we show that, when TnBVank1 was stably expressed in polyclonal Drosophila S2 cells, apoptosis is induced. Furthermore, we observed the same effects in haemocytes of H. virescens larvae, after TnBVank1 in vivo transient transfection, and in haemocytes of parasitised larvae. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that TnBVANK1 binds to ALG-2 interacting protein X (Alix/AIP1), an interactor of apoptosis-linked gene protein 2 (ALG-2). Using double-immunofluorescence labeling, we observed the potential colocalization of TnBVANK1 and Alix proteins in the cytoplasm of polyclonal S2 cells. When Alix was silenced by RNA interference, TnBVANK1 was no longer able to cause apoptosis in both S2 cells and H. virescens haemocytes. Collectively, these results indicate that TnBVANK1 induces apoptosis by interacting with Alix, suggesting a role of TnBVANK1 in the suppression of host immune response observed after parasitisation by T. nigriceps.
Collapse
|
5
|
Furihata S, Matsumura T, Hirata M, Mizutani T, Nagata N, Kataoka M, Katayama Y, Omatsu T, Matsumoto H, Hayakawa Y. Characterization of Venom and Oviduct Components of Parasitoid Wasp Asobara japonica. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160210. [PMID: 27467595 PMCID: PMC4965004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During natural parasitization, Asobara japonica wasps introduce lateral oviduct (LO) components into their Drosophila hosts soon after the venom injection to neutralize its strong toxicity; otherwise, the host will die. Although the orchestrated relationship between the venom and LO components necessary for successful parasitism has attracted the attention of many researchers in this field, the molecular natures of both factors remain ambiguous. We here showed that precipitation of the venom components by ultracentrifugation yielded a toxic fraction that was inactivated by ultraviolet light irradiation, boiling, and sonication, suggesting that it is a virus-like entity. Morphological observation of the precipitate after ultracentrifugation showed small spherical heterogeneous virus-like particles 20-40 nm in diameter. The venom's detrimental effect on D. melanogaster larvae was not directly neutralized by the LO components but blocked by a hemolymphal neutralizing factor activated by the LO factor. Furthermore, we found that A. japonica venom and LO components acted similarly on the larvae of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura: the venom injection caused mortality but coinjection of the LO factor protected S. litura larvae from the venom's toxicity. In contrast, D. ficusphila and D. bipectinata, which are closely related to D. melanogaster but non-habitual host species of A. japonica, were not negatively affected by A. japonica venom due to an intrinsic neutralizing activity in their hemolymph, indicating that these species must have acquired a neutralizer of A. japonica venom during evolution. These results give new insights into the characteristics of both the venom and LO components: A. japonica females have utilized the virus-like toxic venom factor to exploit a wider range of host species after the evolutionary process enabled them to use the LO factor for activation of the host hemolymph neutralizer precursor, although the non-habitual host Drosophila species possess an active intrinsic neutralizer in their hemolymph.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Furihata
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840–8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumura
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840–8502, Japan
| | - Makiko Hirata
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840–8502, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183–8509, Japan
| | - Noriyo Nagata
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 280–0011, Japan
| | - Michiyo Kataoka
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 280–0011, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183–8509, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183–8509, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840–8502, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hayakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840–8502, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Valzania L, Romani P, Tian L, Li S, Cavaliere V, Pennacchio F, Gargiulo G. A polydnavirus ANK protein acts as virulence factor by disrupting the function of prothoracic gland steroidogenic cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95104. [PMID: 24743267 PMCID: PMC3990622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydnaviruses are obligate symbionts integrated as proviruses in the genome of some ichneumonoid wasps that parasitize lepidopteran larvae. Polydnavirus free viral particles, which are injected into the host at oviposition, express virulence factors that impair immunity and development. To date, most studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms underpinning immunosuppression, whereas how viral genes disrupt the endocrine balance remains largely uninvestigated. Using Drosophila as a model system, the present report analyzes the function of a member of the ankyrin gene family of the bracovirus associated with Toxoneuron nigriceps, a larval parasitoid of the noctuid moth Heliothis virescens. We found that the TnBVank1 expression in the Drosophila prothoracic gland blocks the larval-pupal molt. This phenotype can be rescued by feeding the larvae with 20-hydroxyecdysone. The localization of the TnBVANK1 is restricted to the cytoplasm where it interacts with Hrs and Alix marked endosomes. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the TnBVANK1 protein acts as a virulence factor that causes the disruption of ecdysone biosynthesis and developmental arrest by impairing the vesicular traffic of ecdysteroid precursors in the prothoracic gland steroidogenic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valzania
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ling Tian
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, China
| | - Valeria Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Dipartimento di Agraria – Laboratorio di Entomologia “E. Tremblay”, Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gargiulo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo CJ, Chen WJ, Yuan LQ, Yang LS, Weng SP, Yu XQ, He JG. The viral ankyrin repeat protein (ORF124L) from infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus attenuates nuclear factor-κB activation and interacts with IκB kinase β. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:1561-1570. [PMID: 21471317 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.031120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ankyrin (ANK) repeat is one of the most common protein–protein interaction motifs, found predominantly in eukaryotes and bacteria, but the functions of the ANK repeat are rarely researched in animal viruses, with the exception of poxviruses. Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is a typical member of the genus Megalocytivirus in the family Iridoviridae and is a causative agent of epizootics in fish. The genome of ISKNV contains four putative viral ANK (vANK) repeat proteins and their functions remain largely unknown. In the present study, it was found that ORF124L, a vANK repeat protein in ISKNV, encodes a protein of 274 aa with three ANK repeats. Transcription of ORF124L was detected at 12 h post-infection (p.i.) and reached a peak at 40 h p.i. ORF124L was found to localize to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm in mandarin fish fry cells. ISKNV ORF124L interacted with the mandarin fish IκB kinase β protein (scIKKβ), and attenuated tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)- or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced activity of a nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)–luciferase reporter but did not interfere with the activity of an activator protein 1 (AP-1)–luciferase reporter. Phosphorylation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of NF-κB were also impaired by ISKNV ORF124L. In summary, ORF124L was identified as a vANK repeat protein and its role in inhibition of TNF-α-induced NF-κB signalling was investigated through interaction with the mandarin fish IKKβ. This work may help to improve our understanding of the function of fish iridovirus ANK repeat proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Wei-Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Li-Qun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Li-Shi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shao-Ping Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yu
- Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jian-Guo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen YF, Gao F, Ye XQ, Wei SJ, Shi M, Zheng HJ, Chen XX. Deep sequencing of Cotesia vestalis bracovirus reveals the complexity of a polydnavirus genome. Virology 2011; 414:42-50. [PMID: 21470650 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we completed the whole genome sequence of Cotesia vestalis bracovirus (CvBV) by deep sequencing and compared the genome features of CvBV to those of other polydnaviruses (PDVs). The genome is 540,215 base pairs divided into 35 genomic segments that range from 2.6 to 39.2kb. Comparison of CvBV with other PDVs shows that more segments are found, including new segments that have no corresponding segments in other phylogenetically related PDVs, which suggests that there might be still more segments not being sequenced in the present known PDVs. We identified eight gene families and five genes in CvBV, including new genes which were first found in PDVs. Strikingly, we identified a putative helicase protein displaying similarity to human Pif1 helicase, which has never been reported for other PDVs. This finding will bring new insights in research of these special viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cooper TH, Bailey-Hill K, Leifert WR, McMurchie EJ, Asgari S, Glatz RV. Identification of an in vitro interaction between an insect immune suppressor protein (CrV2) and G alpha proteins. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:10466-75. [PMID: 21233205 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.214726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein CrV2 is encoded by a polydnavirus integrated into the genome of the endoparasitoid Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera:Braconidae:Microgastrinae) and is expressed in host larvae with other gene products of the polydnavirus to allow successful development of the parasitoid. CrV2 expression has previously been associated with immune suppression, although the molecular basis for this was not known. Here, we have used time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) to demonstrate high affinity binding of CrV2 to Gα subunits (but not the Gβγ dimer) of heterotrimeric G-proteins. Signals up to 5-fold above background were generated, and an apparent dissociation constant of 6.2 nm was calculated. Protease treatment abolished the TR-FRET signal, and the presence of unlabeled CrV2 or Gα proteins also reduced the TR-FRET signal. The activation state of the Gα subunit was altered with aluminum fluoride, and this decreased the affinity of the interaction with CrV2. It was also demonstrated that CrV2 preferentially bound to Drosophila Gα(o) compared with rat Gα(i1). In addition, three CrV2 homologs were detected in sequences derived from polydnaviruses from Cotesia plutellae and Cotesia congregata (including the immune-related early expressed transcript, EP2). These data suggest a potential mode-of-action of immune suppressors not previously reported, which in addition to furthering our understanding of insect immunity may have practical benefits such as facilitating development of novel controls for pest insect species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara H Cooper
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Entomology, Waite Road, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duchi S, Cavaliere V, Fagnocchi L, Grimaldi MR, Falabella P, Graziani F, Gigliotti S, Pennacchio F, Gargiulo G. The impact on microtubule network of a bracovirus IkappaB-like protein. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1699-712. [PMID: 20140478 PMCID: PMC11115485 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polydnavirus-encoded IkappaB-like proteins are similar to insect and mammalian IkappaB, and an immunosuppressive function in the host cells has been inferred to these proteins. Here we show that the expression of one of these IkappaB-like viral genes, the TnBVank1, in the Drosophila germline affects the localization of gurken, bicoid, and oskar mRNAs whose gene products are relevant for proper embryonic patterning. The altered localization of these mRNAs is suggestive of general defects in the intracellular, microtubule-based, trafficking routes. Analysis of microtubule motor proteins components such as the dynein heavy chain and the kinesin heavy chain revealed defects in the polarized microtubule network. Interestingly, the TnBVANK1 viral protein is uniformly distributed over the entire oocyte cortex, and appears to be anchored to the microtubule ends. Our data open up a very interesting issue on novel function(s) played by the ank gene family by interfering with cytoskeleton organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Duchi
- Dipartimento Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Cavaliere
- Dipartimento Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Fagnocchi
- Dipartimento Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Falabella
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-Forestali, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Dipartimento di Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria ‘F. Silvestri’, Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gargiulo
- Dipartimento Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luo L, Zeng L. A new rod-shaped virus from parasitic wasp Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). J Invertebr Pathol 2009; 103:165-9. [PMID: 19682456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new rod-shaped nucleocapsids (NCs) was found inadvertently in Diachasmimorpha longicaudata accessory gland filaments (AGFs). The NCs were 30 nm in diameter and nearly 900 nm in length. They replicated in a small cell type of the AGFs in D. longicaudata, and following oviposition, invaded and proliferated in the hemocytes of a parasitized host Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel. This finding of a completely new virus in the AGF indicate that different geographical populations (subspecies) of D. longicaudata may carry different sybionts. This is the first report showing that the same wasp species, but from a different geographical populations, can carry an entirely different virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fath-Goodin A, Kroemer JA, Webb BA. The Campoletis sonorensis ichnovirus vankyrin protein P-vank-1 inhibits apoptosis in insect Sf9 cells. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 18:497-506. [PMID: 19453763 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2009.00892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Campoletis sonorensis ichnovirus (CsIV) vankyrin genes encode proteins containing truncated ankyrin repeat domains with sequence homology to the inhibitory domains of NF-kappaB transcription factor inhibitors, IkappaBs. The CsIV vankyrin proteins are thought to be involved in the suppression of NF-kappaB activity during immune response and/or developmental events in the parasitized host. Here we report that when P-vank-1 was expressed stably from Sf9 cells, prolonged survival of these cells was observed after baculovirus infection, UV irradiation, and treatment with the apoptosis-inducing chemical camptothecin compared to untransformed Sf9 cells. Furthermore, P-vank-1 inhibited nuclear and internucleosomal degradation and caspase activity after induction of apoptosis in Sf9 cells stably expressing P-vank-1. This is the first report of a polydnavirus protein with anti-apoptotic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Fath-Goodin
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546-0091, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sequence and gene organization of 24 circles from the Cotesia plutellae bracovirus genome. Arch Virol 2009; 154:1313-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
14
|
Bae S, Kim Y. IkB genes encoded in Cotesia plutellae bracovirus suppress an antiviral response and enhance baculovirus pathogenicity against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. J Invertebr Pathol 2009; 102:79-87. [PMID: 19559708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, parasitizes larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, with its symbiotic polydnavirus, C. plutellae bracovirus (CpBV). This study analyzed the role of Inhibitor-kB (IkB)-like genes encoded in CpBV in suppressing host antiviral response. Identified eight CpBV-IkBs are scattered on different viral genome segments and showed high homologies with other bracoviral IkBs in their amino acid sequences. Compared to an insect ortholog (e.g., Cactus of Drosophila melanogaster), they possessed a shorter ankyrin repeat domain without any regulatory domains. The eight CpBV-IkBs are, however, different in their promoter components and expression patterns in the parasitized host. To test their inhibitory activity on host antiviral response, a midgut response of P. xylostella against baculovirus infection was used as a model reaction. When the larvae were orally fed the virus, they exhibited melanotic responses of midgut epithelium, which increased with baculovirus dose and incubation time. Parasitized larvae exhibited a significant reduction in the midgut melanotic response, compared to nonparasitized larvae. Micro-injection of each of the four CpBV genome segments containing CpBV-IkBs into the hemocoel of nonparasitized larvae showed the gene expressions of the encoded IkBs and suppressed the midgut melanotic response in response to the baculovirus treatment. When nonparasitized larvae were orally administered with a recombinant baculovirus containing CpBV-IkB, they showed a significant reduction in midgut melanotic response and an enhanced susceptibility to the baculovirus infectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Bae
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|