1
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Liang Y, Liu W, Zhao M, Shi D, Zhang Y, Luo B. Nuclear respiratory factor 1 promotes the progression of EBV-associated gastric cancer and maintains EBV latent infection. Virus Genes 2023; 59:204-214. [PMID: 36738378 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-01970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and the biological function of NRF1 in EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC). Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to assess the effect of latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) on NRF1 expression after transfection with LMP2A plasmid or siLMP2A. The effects of NRF1 on the migration and apoptosis ability of GC cells were investigated by transwell assay and flow cytometry apoptosis analysis in vitro, respectively. In addition, we determined the regulatory role of NRF1 in EBV latent infection by western blot and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). LMP2A upregulated NRF1 expression by activating the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, NRF1 upregulated the expression of N-Cadherin and ZEB1 to promote cell migration. NRF1 promoted the expression of Bcl-2 to increase the anti-apoptotic ability of cells. In addition, NRF1 maintained latent infection of EBV by promoting the expression of the latent protein Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and inhibiting the expression of the lytic proteins. Our data indicated the role of NRF1 in EBVaGC progression and the maintenance of EBV latent infection. This provided a new theoretical basis for further NRF1-based anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No.308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No.308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Menghe Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No.308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Duo Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No.308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No.308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, ZiBo, 255036, China.
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No.308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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2
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Reyes A, Navarro AJ, Diethelm-Varela B, Kalergis AM, González PA. Is there a role for HSF1 in viral infections? FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1112-1124. [PMID: 35485710 PMCID: PMC9157408 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells undergo numerous processes to adapt to new challenging conditions and stressors. Heat stress is regulated by a family of heat shock factors (HSFs) that initiate a heat shock response by upregulating the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) intended to counteract cellular damage elicited by increased environmental temperature. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is known as the master regulator of the heat shock response and upon its activation induces the transcription of genes that encode for molecular chaperones, such as HSP40, HSP70, and HSP90. Importantly, an accumulating body of studies relates HSF1 with viral infections; the induction of fever during viral infection may activate HSF1 and trigger a consequent heat shock response. Here, we review the role of HSF1 in different viral infections and its impact on the health outcome for the host. Studying the relationship between HSF1 and viruses could open new potential therapeutic strategies given the availability of drugs that regulate the activation of this transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Reyes
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Areli J Navarro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Benjamín Diethelm-Varela
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
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3
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Nekongo EE, Ponomarenko AI, Dewal MB, Butty VL, Browne EP, Shoulders MD. HSF1 Activation Can Restrict HIV Replication. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1659-1666. [PMID: 32502335 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Host protein folding stress responses can play important roles in RNA virus replication and evolution. Prior work suggested a complicated interplay between the cytosolic proteostasis stress response, controlled by the transcriptional master regulator heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). We sought to uncouple HSF1 transcription factor activity from cytotoxic proteostasis stress and thereby better elucidate the proposed role(s) of HSF1 in the HIV-1 lifecycle. To achieve this objective, we used chemical genetic, stress-independent control of HSF1 activity to establish whether and how HSF1 influences HIV-1 replication. Stress-independent HSF1 induction decreased both the total quantity and infectivity of HIV-1 virions. Moreover, HIV-1 was unable to escape HSF1-mediated restriction over the course of several serial passages. These results clarify the interplay between the host's heat shock response and HIV-1 infection and motivate continued investigation of chaperones as potential antiviral therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel E. Nekongo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anna I. Ponomarenko
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mahender B. Dewal
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vincent L. Butty
- BioMicro Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Edward P. Browne
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Matthew D. Shoulders
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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4
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Verhoeven RJA, Tong S, Zong J, Chen Y, Tsao SW, Pan J, Chen H. NF-κB Signaling Regulates Epstein-Barr Virus BamHI-Q-Driven EBNA1 Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E119. [PMID: 29659505 PMCID: PMC5923374 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is one of the few viral proteins expressed by EBV in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), most likely because of its essential role in maintaining the viral genome in EBV-infected cells. In NPC, EBNA1 expression is driven by the BamHI-Q promoter (Qp), which is regulated by both cellular and viral factors. We previously determined that the expression of another group of EBV transcripts, BamHI-A rightward transcripts (BARTs), is associated with constitutively activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in NPC cells. Here, we show that, like the EBV BART promoter, the EBV Qp also responds to NF-κB signaling. NF-κB p65, but not p50, can activate Qp in vitro, and NF-κB signaling regulates Qp-EBNA1 expression in NPC cells, as well as in other EBV-infected epithelial cells. The introduction of mutations in the putative NF-κB site reduced Qp activation by the NF-κB p65 subunit. Binding of p65 to Qp was shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis, while electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) demonstrated that p50 can also bind to Qp. Inhibition of NF-κB signaling by the IκB kinase inhibitor PS-1145 resulted in the downregulation of Qp-EBNA1 expression in C666-1 NPC cells. Since EBNA1 has been reported to block p65 activation by inhibiting IKKα/β through an unknown mechanism, we suggest that, in NPC, NF-κB signaling and EBNA1 may form a regulatory loop which supports EBV latent gene expression, while also limiting NF-κB activity. These findings emphasize the role of NF-κB signaling in the regulation of EBV latency in EBV-associated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob J A Verhoeven
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shuang Tong
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jingfeng Zong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China.
| | - Yixin Chen
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Sai-Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jianji Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China.
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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5
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Wang C, Wang J, Long C, Guo W, Sun X. Baicalein inhibits growth of Epstein-Barr virus-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma by repressing the activity of EBNA1 Q-promoter. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:1003-1014. [PMID: 29710517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can establish a life-long latent infection in the host and is associated with various human malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the most common cancer originated from nasopharynx. EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is the only viral protein absolutely demanded for segregation, replication, transcription and maintenance of EBV viral genome in host cells. Baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid compound purified from the root of Scutellariae baicaleinsis, displays anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and anti-tumor properties. In this study, the therapeutic effects and functional mechanism of baicalein on EBV-positive human NPC were determined. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and cell formation colony were performed to investigate that baicalein can suppress proliferation of EBV-infected human NPC cells. Flow cytometric and hoechst 33258 staining results indicated that baicalein induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Western blotting results demonstrated that baicalein down-regulates EBNA1 expression but not reduces the stability and half-life of EBNA1 in EBV-infected NPC cells. Additionally, the mRNA level of EBNA1 was examined by real time-PCR, the activity of EBNA1 Q promoter (Qp) was determined by dual luciferase reporter assay. Considering that transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) can maintain EBNA1 Qp active. Further analyses also elucidated that baicalein inhibits the expression of Sp1 while knock-down Sp1 by specific shRNAs decreases the expression and transcription levels of EBNA1. Therefore, the results suggested that baicalein may decrease EBNA1 expression level in EBV-positive NPC cells via inhibiting the activity of EBNA1 Q-promoter while over-expression of EBNA1 attenuate the inhibitory effect of baicalein. Finally, it was found that baicalein may strongly reduce growth of tumor in the mouse xenograft model of EBV-positive NPC. These results indicated that baicalein inhibits growth of EBV-positive NPC by repressing the activity of EBNA1 Q-promoter. Baicalein may be used as a therapeutic agent to treat EBV-positive NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Zhang
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Jingchao Wang
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Cong Long
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology and Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
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6
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Targeting heat shock factor 1 as an antiviral strategy against dengue virus replication in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res 2017; 145:44-53. [PMID: 28733114 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fever onset is correlated with viremia in dengue virus (DENV) patients. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), a heat stress response host transcription factor, plays a crucial role in regulating multiple cellular functions, as well as the onset of infectious diseases. This study evaluated the role of HSF1 in DENV replication as a means of regulating DENV infection in vitro and in vivo. DENV infection activated HSF1 in both Ca2+ and protein kinase A-dependent manners. Inhibiting HSF1 effectively reduced DENV replication, not only in THP-1 cells but also in primary human monocytes. Activated HSF1 contributed to DENV replication by upregulating autophagy-related protein (Atg) 7, as autophagy is crucial for virus replication. Heat stress also activated HSF1, which in turn facilitated DENV replication. Activated HSF1, the increased Atg7, and autophagic induction were founded in the DENV-infected brains and pharmacologically inhibiting HSF1 reduced autophagy, viral protein expression, neuropathy, and mortality. These results provide new insight into HSF1 as a novel host factor for DENV infection through its role in facilitating autophagy-regulated viral replication in the brains.
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7
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Yang S, Pei Y, Zhao A. iTRAQ-based Proteomic Analysis of Porcine Kidney Epithelial PK15 cells Infected with Pseudorabies virus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45922. [PMID: 28374783 PMCID: PMC5379687 DOI: 10.1038/srep45922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is one of the most important pathogens of swine, resulting in severe economic losses to the pig industry. To improve our understanding of the host responses to PRV infection, we applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to quantitatively identify the differentially expressed cellular proteins in PRV-infected PK15 cells. In total, relative quantitative data were identified for 4333 proteins in PRV and mock- infected PK15 cells, among which 466 cellular proteins were differentially expressed, including 234 upregulated proteins and 232 downregulated proteins. Bioinformatics analysis disclosed that most of these differentially expressed proteins were involved in metabolic processes, cellular growth and proliferation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, cell adhesion and cytoskeleton. Moreover, expression levels of four representative proteins, beta-catenin, STAT1, GRB2 and PCNA, were further confirmed by western blot analysis. This is the first attempt to analyze the protein profile of PRV-infected PK15 cells using iTRAQ technology, and our findings may provide valuable information to help understand the host response to PRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbai Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yue Pei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Ayong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
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8
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Wang C, Wang H, Zhang Y, Guo W, Long C, Wang J, Liu L, Sun X. Berberine inhibits the proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via an Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1-dependent mechanism. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2109-2120. [PMID: 28259949 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy derived from the epithelial cells of the nasopharynx cavity, and is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In addition to NPC, EBV causes various human malignancies, such as gastric cancer, hematological tumors and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas. Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) encoded by EBV is indispensable for replication, partition, transcription and maintenance of viral genomes. Berberine, a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid, shows anti-inflammatory, anticholinergic, antioxidative, and anticancer activities. In the present study, the antitumor effect of berberine was studied. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were performed to demonstrate whether the proliferation of EBV-positive NPC cells was inhibited by berberine. Flow cytometric results revealed that berberine induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Quantitative-PCR and western blotting results indicated that berberine decreased the expression of EBNA1 at both the mRNA and protein levels in the EBV-positive NPC cells. The function of EBNA1 promoter Qp which is to drive EBNA1 transcription in type Ⅱ latent infection was strongly suppressed by berberine. Overexpression of EBNA1 attenuated this inhibitory effect. Berberine also suppressed the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 which is a new therapeutic target in a series of malignancies, including NPC. Viral titer experiments demonstrated that berberine decreased the production of virions in HONE1 and HK1-EBV cells. In a mouse xenograft model of NPC induced by HONE1 cells, berberine significantly inhibited tumor formation. Altogether, these results indicate that berberine decreases the expression of EBNA1 and exhibits an antitumor effect against NPC both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology and Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Cong Long
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jingchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Limei Liu
- Corneal Disease Department of Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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9
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Xu X, Chi W, Sun X, Feng P, Guo H, Li J, Lin R, Lu C, Wang H, Leister D, Zhang L. Convergence of light and chloroplast signals for de-etiolation through ABI4-HY5 and COP1. NATURE PLANTS 2016; 2:16066. [PMID: 27255835 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Seedling de-etiolation prepares plants to switch from heterotrophic to photoautotrophic growth, a transition essential for plant survival. This delicate de-etiolation process is precisely controlled by environmental and endogenous signals. Although intracellular plastid-derived retrograde signalling is essential for the de-etiolation process, the molecular nature of these retrograde signals remains elusive(1-3). Here we show that chloroplast and light signals antagonistically fine-tune a suite of developmental and physiological responses associated with de-etiolation through a transcriptional module of ABA INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5). Moreover, ABI4 and HY5 antagonistically regulate the expression of CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) and the subsequent greening process. In turn, ABI4 and HY5 are targeted for degradation by COP1 in the light and dark, respectively, to ensure a proper interplay of ABI4 and HY5 actions during seedling de-etiolation. Our study provides a new molecular mechanism for understanding how chloroplast signals converge with light signals to optimize early plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Xu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wei Chi
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xuwu Sun
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Peiqiang Feng
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hailong Guo
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jing Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Congming Lu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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10
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Abstract
EBV latent infection is characterized by a highly restricted pattern of viral gene expression. EBV can establish latent infections in multiple different tissue types with remarkable variation and plasticity in viral transcription and replication. During latency, the viral genome persists as a multi-copy episome, a non-integrated-closed circular DNA with nucleosome structure similar to cellular chromosomes. Chromatin assembly and histone modifications contribute to the regulation of viral gene expression, DNA replication, and episome persistence during latency. This review focuses on how EBV latency is regulated by chromatin and its associated processes.
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11
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Filone CM, Caballero IS, Dower K, Mendillo ML, Cowley GS, Santagata S, Rozelle DK, Yen J, Rubins KH, Hacohen N, Root DE, Hensley LE, Connor J. The master regulator of the cellular stress response (HSF1) is critical for orthopoxvirus infection. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1003904. [PMID: 24516381 PMCID: PMC3916389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Orthopoxviridae contains a diverse group of human pathogens including monkeypox, smallpox and vaccinia. These viruses are presumed to be less dependent on host functions than other DNA viruses because they have large genomes and replicate in the cytoplasm, but a detailed understanding of the host factors required by orthopoxviruses is lacking. To address this topic, we performed an unbiased, genome-wide pooled RNAi screen targeting over 17,000 human genes to identify the host factors that support orthopoxvirus infection. We used secondary and tertiary assays to validate our screen results. One of the strongest hits was heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), the ancient master regulator of the cytoprotective heat-shock response. In investigating the behavior of HSF1 during vaccinia infection, we found that HSF1 was phosphorylated, translocated to the nucleus, and increased transcription of HSF1 target genes. Activation of HSF1 was supportive for virus replication, as RNAi knockdown and HSF1 small molecule inhibition prevented orthopoxvirus infection. Consistent with its role as a transcriptional activator, inhibition of several HSF1 targets also blocked vaccinia virus replication. These data show that orthopoxviruses co-opt host transcriptional responses for their own benefit, thereby effectively extending their functional genome to include genes residing within the host DNA. The dependence on HSF1 and its chaperone network offers multiple opportunities for antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Marie Filone
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ignacio S. Caballero
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ken Dower
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marc L. Mendillo
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Glenn S. Cowley
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel K. Rozelle
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Judy Yen
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kathleen H. Rubins
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nir Hacohen
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David E. Root
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lisa E. Hensley
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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12
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Lu Q, Bai J, Zhang L, Liu J, Jiang Z, Michal JJ, He Q, Jiang P. Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) Labeling Approach Revealed First Proteome Profiles of Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages Infected with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:2890-903. [DOI: 10.1021/pr201266z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Key Laboratory
of Animal Diseases
Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory
of Animal Diseases
Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory
of Animal Diseases
Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory
of Animal Diseases
Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6351,
United States
| | - Jennifer J. Michal
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6351,
United States
| | - Qindong He
- Key Laboratory
of Animal Diseases
Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory
of Animal Diseases
Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
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