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Ellegård R, Khalid M, Svanberg C, Holgersson H, Thorén Y, Wittgren MK, Hinkula J, Nyström S, Shankar EM, Larsson M. Complement-Opsonized HIV-1 Alters Cross Talk Between Dendritic Cells and Natural Killer (NK) Cells to Inhibit NK Killing and to Upregulate PD-1, CXCR3, and CCR4 on T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:899. [PMID: 29760706 PMCID: PMC5936988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and T cells play critical roles during primary HIV-1 exposure at the mucosa, where the viral particles become coated with complement fragments and mucosa-associated antibodies. The microenvironment together with subsequent interactions between these cells and HIV at the mucosal site of infection will determine the quality of immune response that ensues adaptive activation. Here, we investigated how complement and immunoglobulin opsonization influences the responses triggered in DCs and NK cells, how this affects their cross talk, and what T cell phenotypes are induced to expand following the interaction. Our results showed that DCs exposed to complement-opsonized HIV (C-HIV) were less mature and had a poor ability to trigger IFN-driven NK cell activation. In addition, when the DCs were exposed to C-HIV, the cytotolytic potentials of both NK cells and CD8 T cells were markedly suppressed. The expression of PD-1 as well as co-expression of negative immune checkpoints TIM-3 and LAG-3 on PD-1 positive cells were increased on both CD4 as well as CD8 T cells upon interaction with and priming by NK–DC cross talk cultures exposed to C-HIV. In addition, stimulation by NK–DC cross talk cultures exposed to C-HIV led to the upregulation of CD38, CXCR3, and CCR4 on T cells. Together, the immune modulation induced during the presence of complement on viral surfaces is likely to favor HIV establishment, dissemination, and viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rada Ellegård
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cecilia Svanberg
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanna Holgersson
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ylva Thorén
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mirja Karolina Wittgren
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jorma Hinkula
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofia Nyström
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Esaki M Shankar
- Division of Infection Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India.,Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Marie Larsson
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Carroll-Portillo A, Cannon JL, te Riet J, Holmes A, Kawakami Y, Kawakami T, Cambi A, Lidke DS. Mast cells and dendritic cells form synapses that facilitate antigen transfer for T cell activation. J Cell Biol 2015; 210:851-64. [PMID: 26304724 PMCID: PMC4555818 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201412074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) form synapses that are dependent on MC activation and integrin engagement, and these direct interactions stimulate changes in the secretion profile of select cytokines and facilitate transfer of endosomal contents from activated MCs to DCs. Mast cells (MCs) produce soluble mediators such as histamine and prostaglandins that are known to influence dendritic cell (DC) function by stimulating maturation and antigen processing. Whether direct cell–cell interactions are important in modulating MC/DC function is unclear. In this paper, we show that direct contact between MCs and DCs occurs and plays an important role in modulating the immune response. Activation of MCs through FcεRI cross-linking triggers the formation of stable cell–cell interactions with immature DCs that are reminiscent of the immunological synapse. Direct cellular contact differentially regulates the secreted cytokine profile, indicating that MC modulation of DC populations is influenced by the nature of their interaction. Synapse formation requires integrin engagement and facilitates the transfer of internalized MC-specific antigen from MCs to DCs. The transferred material is ultimately processed and presented by DCs and can activate T cells. The physiological outcomes of the MC–DC synapse suggest a new role for intercellular crosstalk in defining the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Carroll-Portillo
- Department of Pathology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Judy L Cannon
- Department of Pathology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131 Cancer Research and Treatment Center, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Joost te Riet
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anna Holmes
- Department of Pathology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Yuko Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Toshiaki Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 Laboratory for Allergic Disease, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Diane S Lidke
- Department of Pathology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131 Cancer Research and Treatment Center, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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Chai L, Wu S, Liu G, Wang Z, Tian W, Ma Y. OCILRP2 signaling synergizes with LPS to induce the maturation and differentiation of murine dendritic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:836-42. [PMID: 24631687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast Inhibitory Lectin-related Protein 2 (OCILRP2) is a typical type II transmembrane protein and belongs to C-type lectin-related protein family. It is preferentially expressed in dendritic cells (DC), B lymphocytes, and activated T lymphocytes. Upon binding to its ligand, OCILRP2 can promote CD28-mediated co-stimulation and enhance T cell activation. However, the role of OCILRP2 in DC development and activation is unclear. In this report, we present evidence that recombinant protein OCILRP2-Fc inhibits the generation and LPS-induced maturation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) by downregulating the expression of CD11c, MHC-II, and co-stimulators CD80 and CD86. OCILRP2-Fc also reduces the capacity of BMDCs to take up antigens, activates T cells, and secret inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α. Additionally, we show that OCILRP2-Fc may cause the aforementioned effects through inhibiting NF-κB activation. Therefore, OCILRP2 is a new regulator of DC maturation and differentiation following TLR4 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Chai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zhengzhou University School of Medicine, 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Henan University School of Medicine, The New Campus, Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Suxia Wu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Henan University School of Medicine, The New Campus, Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Henan University School of Medicine, The New Campus, Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanzheng Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Henan University School of Medicine, The New Campus, Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Tian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Henan University School of Medicine, The New Campus, Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanfang Ma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Henan University School of Medicine, The New Campus, Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China.
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Rinaldo CR. HIV-1 Trans Infection of CD4(+) T Cells by Professional Antigen Presenting Cells. SCIENTIFICA 2013; 2013:164203. [PMID: 24278768 PMCID: PMC3820354 DOI: 10.1155/2013/164203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1990s we have known of the fascinating ability of a complex set of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs; dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, and B lymphocytes) to mediate HIV-1 trans infection of CD4(+) T cells. This results in a burst of virus replication in the T cells that is much greater than that resulting from direct, cis infection of either APC or T cells, or trans infection between T cells. Such APC-to-T cell trans infection first involves a complex set of virus subtype, attachment, entry, and replication patterns that have many similarities among APC, as well as distinct differences related to virus receptors, intracellular trafficking, and productive and nonproductive replication pathways. The end result is that HIV-1 can sequester within the APC for several days and be transmitted via membrane extensions intracellularly and extracellularly to T cells across the virologic synapse. Virus replication requires activated T cells that can develop concurrently with the events of virus transmission. Further research is essential to fill the many gaps in our understanding of these trans infection processes and their role in natural HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R. Rinaldo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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