1
|
Saito T, Sakuma S, Mine J, Uchida Y, Hangalapura BN. Genetic Diversity of the Hemagglutinin Genes of Influenza a Virus in Asian Swine Populations. Viruses 2022; 14:747. [PMID: 35458477 PMCID: PMC9032595 DOI: 10.3390/v14040747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine influenza (SI) is a major respiratory disease of swine; SI is due to the influenza A virus of swine (IAV-S), a highly contagious virus with zoonotic potential. The intensity of IAV-S surveillance varies among countries because it is not a reportable disease and causes limited mortality in swine. Although Asia accounts for half of all pig production worldwide, SI is not well managed in those countries. Rigorously managing SI on pig farms could markedly reduce the economic losses, the likelihood of novel reassortants among IAV-S, and the zoonotic IAV-S infections in humans. Vaccination of pigs is a key control measure for SI, but its efficacy relies on the optimal antigenic matching of vaccine strains with the viral strains circulating in the field. Here, we phylogenetically reviewed the genetic diversity of the hemagglutinin gene among IAVs-S that have circulated in Asia during the last decade. This analysis revealed the existence of country-specific clades in both the H1 and H3 subtypes and cross-border transmission of IAVs-S. Our findings underscore the importance of choosing vaccine antigens for each geographic region according to both genetic and antigenic analyses of the circulating IAV-S to effectively manage SI in Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Saito
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan; (S.S.); (J.M.); (Y.U.)
| | - Saki Sakuma
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan; (S.S.); (J.M.); (Y.U.)
| | - Junki Mine
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan; (S.S.); (J.M.); (Y.U.)
| | - Yuko Uchida
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan; (S.S.); (J.M.); (Y.U.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chauhan RP, Gordon ML. A systematic review of influenza A virus prevalence and transmission dynamics in backyard swine populations globally. Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:10. [PMID: 35287744 PMCID: PMC8919175 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Backyard swine farming is critical to generating subsistence and food security in rural and peri-urban households in several developing countries. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the molecular and serological prevalence of influenza A virus (IAV) in backyard swine populations globally. Results We identified 34 full-text research articles in NCBI-PubMed and Google Scholar databases that have reported IAV sero- and/or virological prevalence in backyard swine up to 11 July 2021. The highest number of studies were reported from Asia (n = 11) followed by North America (n = 10), South America (n = 6), Africa (n = 6), and Europe (n = 1). While the maximum number of studies (44.12%) reported human-to-swine transmission of IAV, swine-to-human (5.88%), poultry-to-swine (5.88%), and wild birds-to-swine (2.94%) transmissions were also reported. An overall higher IAV seroprevalence (18.28%) in backyard swine was detected compared to the virological prevalence (1.32%). The human-origin pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09 virus clade 1A.3.3.2 was the more frequently detected IAV subtype in virological studies (27.27%) than serological studies (18.92%). In addition, the avian-origin highly pathogenic H5N1 and H5N8 viruses were also detected, which further substantiated the evidence of avian–swine interactions in the backyards. Conclusion Human–swine and avian–swine interactions in backyards may transmit IAV between species. Monitoring the circulation and evolution of IAV in backyard swine would help stakeholders make informed decisions to ensure sustainable backyard swine farming and public safety.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Globally swine influenza is one of the most important diseases of the pig industry, with various subtypes of swine influenza virus co-circulating in the field. Swine influenza can not only cause large economic losses for the pig industry but can also lead to epidemics or pandemics in the human population. We provide an overview of the pathogenic characteristics of the disease, diagnosis, risk factors for the occurrence on pig farms, impact on pigs and humans and methods to control it. This review is designed to promote understanding of the epidemiology of swine influenza which will benefit the control of the disease in both pigs and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA Australia.,Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, St. Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - Ian Robertson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA Australia.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ding F, Li Y, Huang B, Edwards J, Cai C, Zhang G, Jiang D, Wang Q, Robertson ID. Infection and risk factors of human and avian influenza in pigs in south China. Prev Vet Med 2021; 190:105317. [PMID: 33744674 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The coinfection of swine influenza (SI) strains and avian/human-source influenza strains in piggeries can contribute to the evolution of new influenza viruses with pandemic potential. This study analyzed surveillance data on SI in south China and explored the spatial predictor variables associated with different influenza infection scenarios in counties within the study area. Blood samples were collected from 7670 pigs from 534 pig farms from 2015 to 2017 and tested for evidence of infection with influenza strains from swine, human and avian sources. The herd prevalences for EA H1N1, H1N1pdm09, classic H1N1, HS-like H3N2, seasonal human H1N1 and avian influenza H9N2 were 88.5, 64.5, 60.3, 57.8, 12.9 and 10.3 %, respectively. Anthropogenic factors including detection frequency, chicken density, duck density, pig density and human population density were found to be better predictor variables for three influenza infection scenarios (infection with human strains, infection with avian strains, and coinfection with H9N2 avian strain and at least one swine strain) than were meteorological and geographical factors. Predictive risk maps generated for the four provinces in south China highlighted that the areas with a higher risk of the three infection scenarios were predominantly clustered in the delta area of the Pearl River in Guangdong province and counties surrounding Poyang Lake in Jiangxi province. Identification of higher risk areas can inform targeted surveillance for influenza in humans and pigs, helping public health authorities in designing risk-based SI control strategies to address the pandemic influenza threat in south China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yin Li
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Baoxu Huang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - John Edwards
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chang Cai
- Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Land & Resources, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ian D Robertson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; China-Australia Joint Research and Training Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Guo L, Liu C, Cheng Y, Kong M, Yang L, Zhuang Z, Liu J, Zou M, Dong X, Su X, Gu Q. Human infection with a novel reassortant Eurasian-avian lineage swine H1N1 virus in northern China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 8:1535-1545. [PMID: 31661383 PMCID: PMC6830285 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1679611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus infections occur in different species, causing mild to severe respiratory symptoms that lead to a heavy disease burden. Eurasian avian-like swine influenza A(H1N1) viruses (EAS-H1N1) are predominant in pigs and occasionally infect humans. An influenza A(H1N1) virus was isolated from a boy who was suffering from fever and headache and designated as A/Tianjin-baodi/1606/2018(H1N1). Full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that A/Tianjin-baodi/1606/2018(H1N1) is a novel reassortant EAS-H1N1 containing gene segments from EAS-H1N1 (HA and NA), classical swine H1N1(NS) and A(H1N1)pdm09(PB2, PB2, PA, NP and M) viruses. The isolation and analysis of A/Tianjin-baodi/1606/2018(H1) provide further evidence that EAS-H1N1 poses a threat to human health and greater attention should be paid to surveillance of influenza virus infection in pigs and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liru Guo
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Jizhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Cheng
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Kong
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Zhuang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zou
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Su
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Gu
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Substitution of D701N in the PB2 protein could enhance the viral replication and pathogenicity of Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:75. [PMID: 29717109 PMCID: PMC5931605 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1) swine influenza viruses (SIVs) have become predominant in pig populations in China and have recently been reported to have the most potential to raise the next pandemic in humans. The mutation D701N in the PB2 protein, which accounts for 31% of H1N1 SIVs, has previously been shown to contribute to the adaptation of the highly pathogenic H5N1 or H7N7 avian influenza viruses in mammals. However, little is known of the effects of this substitution on the EA H1N1 viruses. Herein, we investigated the contributions of 701N in the PB2 protein to an EA H1N1 SIV (A/Hunan/42443/2015(H1N1), HuN EA-H1N1), which had 701D in the PB2 protein. Our results found that viral polymerase activity, viral replication, and pathogenicity in mice were indeed enhanced due to the introduction of 701N into the PB2 protein, and the increased viral growth was partly mediated by the host factor importin-α7. Thus, substantial attention should be paid to the D701N mutation in pig populations.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu W, Zhang H, Xiang X, Zhong L, Yang L, Guo J, Xie Y, Li F, Deng Z, Feng H, Huang Y, Hu S, Xu X, Zou X, Li X, Bai T, Chen Y, Li Z, Li J, Shu Y. Reassortant Eurasian Avian-Like Influenza A(H1N1) Virus from a Severely Ill Child, Hunan Province, China, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 22:1930-1936. [PMID: 27767007 PMCID: PMC5088044 DOI: 10.3201/eid2211.160181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectivity and virulence of this virus in mice are higher than for previous human-origin Eurasian avian–like viruses. In 2015, a novel influenza A(H1N1) virus was isolated from a boy in China who had severe pneumonia. The virus was a genetic reassortant of Eurasian avian-like influenza A(H1N1) (EA-H1N1) virus. The hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and matrix genes of the reassortant virus were highly similar to genes in EA-H1N1 swine influenza viruses, the polybasic 1 and 2, polymerase acidic, and nucleoprotein genes originated from influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, and the nonstructural protein gene derived from classical swine influenza A(H1N1) (CS H1N1) virus. In a mouse model, the reassortant virus, termed influenza A/Hunan/42443/2015(H1N1) virus, showed higher infectivity and virulence than another human EA-H1N1 isolate, influenza A/Jiangsu/1/2011(H1N1) virus. In the respiratory tract of mice, virus replication by influenza A/Hunan/42443/2015(H1N1) virus was substantially higher than that by influenza A/Jiangsu/1/2011(H1N1) virus. Human-to-human transmission of influenza A/Hunan/42443/2015(H1N1) virus has not been detected; however, given the circulation of novel EA-H1N1 viruses in pigs, enhanced surveillance should be instituted among swine and humans.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- China/epidemiology
- Genes, Viral
- History, 21st Century
- Humans
- Infant
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza, Human/diagnosis
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/history
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Multilocus Sequence Typing
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Viral
- Reassortant Viruses
- Serologic Tests
- Severity of Illness Index
- Virulence
- Virus Replication
Collapse
|
8
|
Construction and comparison of different source neuraminidase candidate vaccine strains for human infection with Eurasian avian-like influenza H1N1 virus. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:635-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Sikkema RS, Freidl GS, de Bruin E, Koopmans M. Weighing serological evidence of human exposure to animal influenza viruses - a literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:30388. [PMID: 27874827 PMCID: PMC5114483 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.44.30388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Assessing influenza A virus strains circulating in animals and their potential to cross the species barrier and cause human infections is important to improve human influenza surveillance and preparedness. We reviewed studies describing serological evidence of human exposure to animal influenza viruses. Comparing serological data is difficult due to a lack of standardisation in study designs and in laboratory methods used in published reports. Therefore, we designed a scoring system to assess and weigh specificity of obtained serology results in the selected articles. Many studies report reliable evidence of antibodies to swine influenza viruses among persons occupationally exposed to pigs. Most avian influenza studies target H5, H7 and H9 subtypes and most serological evidence of human exposure to avian influenza viruses is reported for these subtypes. Avian influenza studies receiving a low grade in this review often reported higher seroprevalences in humans compared with studies with a high grade. Official surveillance systems mainly focus on avian H5 and H7 viruses. Swine influenza viruses and avian subtypes other than H5 and H7 (emphasising H9) should be additionally included in official surveillance systems. Surveillance efforts should also be directed towards understudied geographical areas, such as Africa and South America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reina Saapke Sikkema
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening (IDS), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Stephanie Freidl
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening (IDS), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin de Bruin
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Koopmans
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening (IDS), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sui J, Yang D, Qiao C, Xu H, Xu B, Wu Y, Yang H, Chen Y, Chen H. Protective efficacy of an inactivated Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza vaccine against homologous H1N1 and heterologous H1N1 and H1N2 viruses in mice. Vaccine 2016; 34:3757-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
|
11
|
Lee JH, Pascua PNQ, Decano AG, Kim SM, Park SJ, Kwon HI, Kim EH, Kim YI, Kim H, Kim SY, Song MS, Jang HK, Park BK, Choi YK. Evaluation of the zoonotic potential of a novel reassortant H1N2 swine influenza virus with gene constellation derived from multiple viral sources. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 34:378-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
|
12
|
Abstract
To assess the potential transmission for zoonotic influenza, sero-antibodies against two kinds of influenza viruses—classical swine H1N1 and human H1N1pdm09 virus were detected in persons whose profession involved contact with swine in Guangdong province, China. Compared to the non-exposed control group, a significantly higher proportion of subjects with occupational contact to pigs exhibited positive seroreaction against the classical H1N1 SIV. Participants aged 26–50 years were at high risk of classic swine H1N1 infections. Seropositive rate to 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus among swine workers was similar with controls. The major impact of age was apparent for younger populations. Our present study has documented evidence for swine influenza virus infection among persons with occupational swine exposures. The differences of seroreactivity for the two tested influenza subtypes emphasize the necessity of regular surveillance both in pigs and human.
Collapse
|