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Li S, Huang J, Cai X, Mao L, Xie L, Wang F, Zhou H, Yuan X, Sun X, Fu X, Fan B, Xu X, Li J, Li B. Prevalence and Evolutionary Characteristics of Bovine Coronavirus in China. Vet Sci 2024; 11:230. [PMID: 38921977 PMCID: PMC11209178 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine rotavirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine astrovirus are the most common intestinal pathogenic viruses causing diarrhea in cattle. We collected 1646 bovine fecal samples from January 2020 to August 2023. BCoV was the major pathogen detected, with a positive rate of 34.02% (560/1646). Of the 670 diarrheal samples and 976 asymptomatic samples, 209 and 351 were BCoV-positive, respectively. Studying the relevance of diarrhea associated with BCoV has shown that the onset of diarrheal symptoms post-infection is strongly correlated with the cattle's age and may also be related to the breed. We amplified and sequenced the hemagglutinin esterase (HE), spike protein, and whole genomes of the partially positive samples and obtained six complete HE sequences, seven complete spike sequences, and six whole genomes. Molecular characterization revealed that six strains were branched Chinese strains, Japanese strains, and partial American strains from the GⅡb subgroup. Strains HBSJZ2202 and JSYZ2209 had four amino acid insertions on HE. We also analyzed ORF1a and found disparities across various regions within GIIb, which were positioned on separate branches within the phylogenetic tree. This work provides data for further investigating the epidemiology of BCoV and for understanding and analyzing BCoV distribution and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.L.); (J.H.); (X.C.); (L.M.); (X.Y.); (X.S.); (B.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.L.); (J.H.); (X.C.); (L.M.); (X.Y.); (X.S.); (B.F.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuhang Cai
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.L.); (J.H.); (X.C.); (L.M.); (X.Y.); (X.S.); (B.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Li Mao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.L.); (J.H.); (X.C.); (L.M.); (X.Y.); (X.S.); (B.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lingling Xie
- Guizhou Testing Center for Livestock and Poultry Germplasm, Guiyang 550018, China; (L.X.); (F.W.)
| | - Fu Wang
- Guizhou Testing Center for Livestock and Poultry Germplasm, Guiyang 550018, China; (L.X.); (F.W.)
| | - Hua Zhou
- Qianxi Animal Disease Control Center, Qianxi 551500, China;
| | - Xuesong Yuan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.L.); (J.H.); (X.C.); (L.M.); (X.Y.); (X.S.); (B.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinru Sun
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.L.); (J.H.); (X.C.); (L.M.); (X.Y.); (X.S.); (B.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xincheng Fu
- Langfang Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Langfang 065000, China;
| | - Baochao Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.L.); (J.H.); (X.C.); (L.M.); (X.Y.); (X.S.); (B.F.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xingang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jizong Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.L.); (J.H.); (X.C.); (L.M.); (X.Y.); (X.S.); (B.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.L.); (J.H.); (X.C.); (L.M.); (X.Y.); (X.S.); (B.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Shin J, Choe S, Park GN, Song S, Kim KS, An BH, Hyun BH, An DJ. Isolation and Genetic Characterization of a Bovine Coronavirus KBR-1 Strain from Calf Feces in South Korea. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112376. [PMID: 36366474 PMCID: PMC9695762 DOI: 10.3390/v14112376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) causes severe diarrhea in neonatal calves, winter dysentery in adult cattle, and respiratory disease in feedlot cattle, resulting in economic losses. A total of 16/140 calf diarrheic feces samples collected in South Korea between 2017 and 2018 were positive for BCoV. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete spike and hemagglutinin/esterase genes revealed that the 16 Korean BCoV strains belonged to group GIIa along with Korean strains isolated after 2000, whereas Korean BCoV strains isolated before 2000 belonged to group GI. Mice and goats inoculated with an inactivated KBR-1 strain (isolated from this study) generated higher antibody titers (96 ± 13.49 and 73 ± 13.49, respectively) when mixed with the Montanide01 adjuvant than when mixed with the Carbopol or IMS1313 adjuvants. Viral antigens were detected in the large intestine, jejunum, and ileum of calves inoculated with inactivated KBR-1 vaccine (104.0 TCID50/mL) at 14 days of post-challenge (DPC). However, no viral antigens were detected in calves vaccinated with a higher dose of inactivated KBR-1 strain (106.0 TCID50/mL) at 14 DPC, and they had high antibody titers and stable diarrhea scores. Currently, the group GIIa is prevalent in cows in South Korea, and although further research is needed in the future, the recently isolated KBR-1 strain has potential value as a new vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Shin
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - SeEun Choe
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Gyu-Nam Park
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Sok Song
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kim
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun An
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, GwanAk-Ro 1, GwanAk-Gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Dong-Jun An
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-54-912-0795
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Zhu Q, Li B, Sun D. Advances in Bovine Coronavirus Epidemiology. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051109. [PMID: 35632850 PMCID: PMC9147158 DOI: 10.3390/v14051109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a causative agent of enteric and respiratory disease in cattle. BCoV has also been reported to cause a variety of animal diseases and is closely related to human coronaviruses, which has attracted extensive attention from both cattle farmers and researchers. However, there are few comprehensive epidemiological reviews, and key information regarding the effect of S-gene differences on tissue tendency and potential cross-species transmission remain unclear. In this review, we summarize BCoV epidemiology, including the transmission, infection-associated factors, co-infection, pathogenicity, genetic evolution, and potential cross-species transmission. Furthermore, the potential two-receptor binding motif system for BCoV entry and the association between BCoV and SARS-CoV-2 are also discussed in this review. Our aim is to provide valuable information for the prevention and treatment of BCoV infection throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Zhu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China;
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (D.S.); Tel.: +86-045-9681-9121 (D.S.)
| | - Dongbo Sun
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China;
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (D.S.); Tel.: +86-045-9681-9121 (D.S.)
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Zhu Q, Su M, Li Z, Wang X, Qi S, Zhao F, Li L, Guo D, Feng L, Li B, Sun D. Epidemiological survey and genetic diversity of bovine coronavirus in Northeast China. Virus Res 2021; 308:198632. [PMID: 34793872 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In 2020, to trace the prevalence and evolution of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in China, a total of 1383 samples (1016 fecal samples and 367 nasal swab samples) were collected from 1016 cattle exhibiting diarrhea symptoms on dairy farms and beef cattle farms in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China. All samples were subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of the BCoV N gene, followed by an analysis of its epidemiology and genetic evolution. The results indicated that of the 1016 diarrhea-affected cattle, 15.45% (157/1016) were positive for BCoV, in which positive rates of the fecal and nasal swab samples were 12.20% (124/1016) and 21.53% (79/367), respectively. Of the 367 cattle whose nasal swab samples were collected, the BCoV positive rate of the corresponding fecal samples was 15.26% (56/367). BCoV infection was significantly associated with age, farming pattern, cattle type, farm latitude, sample type, and clinical symptom (p < 0.05). Of the 203 BCoV-positive samples, 20 spike (S) genes were successfully sequenced. The 20 identified BCoV strains shared nucleotide homologies of 97.7-100.0%, and their N-terminal domain of S1 subunit (S1-NTD: residues 15-298) differed genetically from the reference strains of South Korea and Europe. The 20 identified BCoV strains were clustered in the Asia-North America group (GII group) in the global strain-based phylogenetic tree and formed three clades in the Chinese strain-based phylogenetic tree. The HLJ/HH-10/2020 strain was clustered into the Europe group (GI group) in the S1-NTD-based phylogenetic tree, exhibiting N146/I, D148/G, and L154/F mutations that affect the S protein structure. Of the identified BCoV strains, one potential recombination event occurred between the HLJ/HH-20/2020 and HLJ/HH-10/2020 strains, which led to the generation of the recombinant BCV-AKS-01 strain. A selective pressure analysis on the S protein revealed one positively selected site (Asn509) among the 20 identified BCoV strains located inside the putative receptor binding domain (residues 326-540). These data provide a greater understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of BCoV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Zhu
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China; Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Mingjun Su
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shanshan Qi
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Feiyu Zhao
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Lu Li
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Donghua Guo
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Dongbo Sun
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China.
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David D, Storm N, Ilan W, Sol A. Characterization of Winter Dysentery Bovine Coronavirus Isolated from Cattle in Israel. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061070. [PMID: 34199933 PMCID: PMC8226893 DOI: 10.3390/v13061070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is the causative agent of winter dysentery (WD). In adult dairy cattle, WD is characterized by hemorrhagic diarrhea and a reduction in milk production. Therefore, WD leads to significant economic losses in dairy farms. In this study, we aimed to isolate and characterize local BCoV strains. BCoV positive samples, collected during 2017–2021, were used to amplify and sequence the S1 domain of S glycoprotein and the full hemagglutinin esterase gene. Based on our molecular analysis, local strains belong to different genetic variants circulating in dairy farms in Israel. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all local strains clustered together and in proximity to other BCoV circulating in the area. Additionally, we found that local strains are genetically distant from the reference enteric strain Mebus. To our knowledge, this is the first report providing molecular data on BCoV circulating in Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan David
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (D.D.); (N.S.)
| | - Nick Storm
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (D.D.); (N.S.)
| | - Waksman Ilan
- Hachaklait, Veterinary Services, Caesarea 3079548, Israel;
| | - Asaf Sol
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (D.D.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Suzuki T, Otake Y, Uchimoto S, Hasebe A, Goto Y. Genomic Characterization and Phylogenetic Classification of Bovine Coronaviruses Through Whole Genome Sequence Analysis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020183. [PMID: 32041103 PMCID: PMC7077292 DOI: 10.3390/v12020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is zoonotically transmissible among species, since BCoV-like viruses have been detected in wild ruminants and humans. BCoV causing enteric and respiratory disease is widespread in cattle farms worldwide; however, limited information is available regarding the molecular characterization of BCoV because of its large genome size, despite its significant economic impact. This study aimed to better understand the genomic characterization and evolutionary dynamics of BCoV via comparative sequence and phylogenetic analyses through whole genome sequence analysis using 67 BCoV isolates collected throughout Japan from 2006 to 2017. On comparing the genomic sequences of the 67 BCoVs, genetic variations were detected in 5 of 10 open reading frames (ORFs) in the BCoV genome. Phylogenetic analysis using whole genomes from the 67 Japanese BCoV isolates in addition to those from 16 reference BCoV strains, revealed the existence of two major genotypes (classical and US wild ruminant genotypes). All Japanese BCoV isolates originated from the US wild ruminant genotype, and they tended to form the same clusters based on the year and farm of collection, not the disease type. Phylogenetic trees on hemagglutinin-esterase protein (HE), spike glycoprotein (S), nucleocapsid protein (N) genes and ORF1 revealed clusters similar to that on whole genome, suggesting that the evolution of BCoVs may be closely associated with variations in these genes. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of BCoV S genes including those of European and Asian BCoVs and human enteric coronavirus along with the Japanese BCoVs revealed that BCoVs differentiated into two major types (European and American types). Moreover, the European and American types were divided into eleven and three genotypes, respectively. Our analysis also demonstrated that BCoVs with different genotypes periodically emerged and predominantly circulated within the country. These findings provide useful information to elucidate the detailed molecular characterization of BCoVs, which have spread worldwide. Further genomic analyses of BCoV are essential to deepen the understanding of the evolution of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Suzuki
- Division of Viral Disease and Epidemiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050856, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-838-7914
| | - Yoshihiro Otake
- Central Tochigi Prefectural Livestock Health and Hygiene Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3210905, Japan;
| | - Satoko Uchimoto
- Shiga Prefectural Livestock Health and Hygiene Center, Omihachiman, Shiga 5230813, Japan;
| | - Ayako Hasebe
- Central Gifu Prefectural Livestock Health and Hygiene Center, Gifu 5011112, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Goto
- Central Iwate Prefectural Livestock Health and Hygiene Center, Takizawa, Iwate 0200605, Japan;
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Diversity of Dromedary Camel Coronavirus HKU23 in African Camels Revealed Multiple Recombination Events among Closely Related Betacoronaviruses of the Subgenus Embecovirus. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01236-19. [PMID: 31534035 PMCID: PMC6854494 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01236-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic recombination is often demonstrated in coronaviruses and can result in host range expansion or alteration in tissue tropism. Here, we showed interspecies events of recombination of an endemic dromedary camel coronavirus, HKU23, with other clade A betacoronaviruses. Our results supported the possibility that the zoonotic pathogen MERS-CoV, which also cocirculates in the same camel species, may have undergone similar recombination events facilitating its emergence or may do so in its future evolution. Genetic recombination has frequently been observed in coronaviruses. Here, we sequenced multiple complete genomes of dromedary camel coronavirus HKU23 (DcCoV-HKU23) from Nigeria, Morocco, and Ethiopia and identified several genomic positions indicative of cross-species virus recombination events among other betacoronaviruses of the subgenus Embecovirus (clade A beta-CoVs). Recombinant fragments of a rabbit coronavirus (RbCoV-HKU14) were identified at the hemagglutinin esterase gene position. Homolog fragments of a rodent CoV were also observed at 8.9-kDa open reading frame 4a at the 3′ end of the spike gene. The patterns of recombination differed geographically across the African region, highlighting a mosaic structure of DcCoV-HKU23 genomes circulating in dromedaries. Our results highlighted active recombination of coronaviruses circulating in dromedaries and are also relevant to the emergence and evolution of other betacoronaviruses, including Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). IMPORTANCE Genetic recombination is often demonstrated in coronaviruses and can result in host range expansion or alteration in tissue tropism. Here, we showed interspecies events of recombination of an endemic dromedary camel coronavirus, HKU23, with other clade A betacoronaviruses. Our results supported the possibility that the zoonotic pathogen MERS-CoV, which also cocirculates in the same camel species, may have undergone similar recombination events facilitating its emergence or may do so in its future evolution.
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Men X, Wang T, Xu B, Kong Z, Liu X, Fu A, Li Y, Guo P, Guo YG, Li H, Zhao XS. Hierarchically structured microspheres consisting of carbon coated silicon nanocomposites with controlled porosity as superior anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Etiological and Pathomorphological Investigations in Calves with Coronaviral Pneumoenteritis. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2018-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to report the primary gross and microscopic lesions, as well as etiological agents of field cases of pneumoenteritis in neonate and juvenile calves. The research was done with 370 calves from 6 cattle farms in 4 regions of the country. The age of the animals was from 24 hours to 25 days. Clinical and epidemiological studies were carried out with newborn and growing calves in all farms. For rapid antigenic and viral detection of pathogens, Rainbow calf scour 5 BIO K 306 Detection of Rota, Corona, E.coli F5, Crypto and Clostridium perf. in bovine stool (BIOX Diagnostics, Belgium), and Monoclonal Antibody anti-bovine Coronavirus FITC conjugated) 0,5 ml (20X), BIO 023, (BIOX Diagnostics, Belgium) were used. Eighteen carcasses of calves with signs of pneumoenteritis syndrome (PES) were submitted to gross anatomy and histopathological studies. Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) was the main etiological agent involved in calf pneumoenteritis. The macro- and micro lesions in the lung and the ileum of calves affected by PES are relevant with regard to the differential diagnosis of the syndrome and its differentiation from respiratory (IBR, BVD, BRSV, M. haemolytica etc.) and intestinal (Cryptosporidium parvum, bovine rotaviruses, bovine coronaviruses and Escherichia coli K99 (F5) diseases in this category of animals.
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Kin N, Miszczak F, Diancourt L, Caro V, Moutou F, Vabret A, Ar Gouilh M. Comparative molecular epidemiology of two closely related coronaviruses, bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), reveals a different evolutionary pattern. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 40:186-191. [PMID: 26969241 PMCID: PMC7106199 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs) are widespread around the world and cause enteric or respiratory infections among cattle. The current study includes 13 samples from BCoVs collected in Normandy during an 11-year period (from 2003 to 2014), 16 French HCoV-OC43s, and 113 BCoVs or BCoVs-like sequence data derived from partial or complete genome sequences available on GenBank. According to a genotyping method developed previously for HCoV-OC43, BCoVs and BCoVs-like are distributed on three main sub-clusters named C1, C2, and C3. Sub-cluster C1 includes BCoVs and BCoVs-like from America and Asia. Sub-cluster C2 includes BCoVs from Europe. Sub-cluster C3 includes prototype, vaccine, or attenuated BCoV strains. The phylogenetic analyses revealed the monophyletic status of the BCoVs from France reported here for the first time. Moreover, BCoV exhibits a relative genetic stability when compared to HCoV-OC43 we previously described from the same region. The numerous recombination detected between HCoV-OC43 were much less frequent for BCoV. The analysis points thus to the influence of different evolutive constraints in these two close groups.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cattle
- Computational Biology/methods
- Coronavirus/classification
- Coronavirus/genetics
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Coronavirus OC43, Human/classification
- Coronavirus OC43, Human/genetics
- Coronavirus, Bovine/classification
- Coronavirus, Bovine/genetics
- Evolution, Molecular
- France
- Genes, Viral
- Genome, Viral
- Genotype
- Humans
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Molecular Typing
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Viral
- Recombination, Genetic
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Kin
- Normandie Université, 14032 Caen, France; Université de Caen, Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens (U2RM), F-14000 Caen, France.
| | - Fabien Miszczak
- Normandie Université, 14032 Caen, France; Université de Caen, Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens (U2RM), F-14000 Caen, France; Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Caen, F-14033 Caen, France
| | - Laure Diancourt
- Institut Pasteur, Environment and Infectious Risks Research and Expertise Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Caro
- Institut Pasteur, Environment and Infectious Risks Research and Expertise Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Astrid Vabret
- Normandie Université, 14032 Caen, France; Université de Caen, Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens (U2RM), F-14000 Caen, France; Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Caen, F-14033 Caen, France
| | - Meriadeg Ar Gouilh
- Normandie Université, 14032 Caen, France; Université de Caen, Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens (U2RM), F-14000 Caen, France; Institut Pasteur, Environment and Infectious Risks Research and Expertise Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
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11
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Bok M, Miño S, Rodriguez D, Badaracco A, Nuñes I, Souza SP, Bilbao G, Louge Uriarte E, Galarza R, Vega C, Odeon A, Saif LJ, Parreño V. Molecular and antigenic characterization of bovine Coronavirus circulating in Argentinean cattle during 1994-2010. Vet Microbiol 2015; 181:221-9. [PMID: 26520931 PMCID: PMC7185509 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Detection rate of BCoV was statistically higher in dairy than in beef calves. Argentinean strains are distant from the Mebus strain included in local vaccines. In vitro cross-protection between Arg95 field strain and Mebus reference strain.
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is an important viral pathogen associated with neonatal calf diarrhea. Our aim was to investigate the incidence of BCoV in diarrhea outbreaks in beef and dairy herds from Argentina during 1994–2010. A total of 5.365 fecal samples from diarrheic calves were screened for BCoV diagnosis by ELISA. The virus was detected in 1.71% (92/5365) of the samples corresponding to 5.95% (63/1058) of the diarrhea cases in 239 beef and 324 dairy farms. The detection rate of BCoV was significantly higher in dairy than in beef herds: 12.13% (29/239) vs. 4.32% (14/324) respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the hypervariable S1 region of seven representative samples (from different husbandry systems, farm locations and years of sampling) indicated that BCoV strains circulating in Argentinean beef and dairy herds formed a cluster distinct from other geographical regions. Interestingly, Argentinean strains are distantly related (at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels) with the Mebus historic reference BCoV strain included in the vaccines currently available in Argentina. However, Mebus-induced antibodies were capable of neutralizing the BCoV Arg95, a field strain adapted to grow in vitro, and vice versa, indicating that both strains belong to the same CoV serotype reported in cattle. This work represents the first large survey describing BCoV circulation in Argentinean cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bok
- Virology Institute, CICVyA, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Miño
- Virology Institute, CICVyA, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang, China
| | - D Rodriguez
- Virology Institute, CICVyA, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Badaracco
- Virology Institute, CICVyA, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Nuñes
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S P Souza
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Bilbao
- Laboratory of Animal Health, EEA INTA- Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - R Galarza
- EEA, INTA Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - C Vega
- Virology Institute, CICVyA, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Odeon
- Laboratory of Animal Health, EEA INTA- Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - V Parreño
- Virology Institute, CICVyA, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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12
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Kim HY, Byun JW, Roh IS, Bae YC, Lee MH, Kim B, Songer JG, Jung BY. First isolation of Clostridium perfringens type E from a goat with diarrhea. Anaerobe 2013; 22:141-3. [PMID: 23810805 PMCID: PMC7111109 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 2-day-old goat died suddenly after the onset of severe diarrhea. No specific gross lesions were observed except for a remarkably thin intestinal wall and watery intestinal contents. Histopathological analysis revealed large numbers of Gram-positive bacilli layered upon the intestinal epithelia of the small intestine. Heavy growth of only Clostridium perfringens type E, and no detection of the other enteric pathogens in the small intestine, suggests that C. perfringens type E contributed to the death of this kid. To our knowledge, this is the first isolation of C. perfringens type E from a goat with diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manan-gu, Anyang 430-757, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Bidokhti MRM, Tråvén M, Krishna NK, Munir M, Belák S, Alenius S, Cortey M. Evolutionary dynamics of bovine coronaviruses: natural selection pattern of the spike gene implies adaptive evolution of the strains. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:2036-2049. [PMID: 23804565 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.054940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses demonstrate great potential for interspecies transmission, including zoonotic outbreaks. Although bovine coronavirus (BCoV) strains are frequently circulating in cattle farms worldwide, causing both enteric and respiratory disease, little is known about their genomic evolution. We sequenced and analysed the full-length spike (S) protein gene of 33 BCoV strains from dairy and feedlot farms collected during outbreaks that occurred from 2002 to 2010 in Sweden and Denmark. Amino acid identities were >97 % for the BCoV strains analysed in this work. These strains formed a clade together with Italian BCoV strains and were highly similar to human enteric coronavirus HECV-4408/US/94. A high similarity was observed between BCoV, canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) and human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43). Molecular clock analysis of the S gene sequences estimated BCoV and CRCoV diverged from a common ancestor in 1951, while the time of divergence from a common ancestor of BCoV and HCoV-OC43 was estimated to be 1899. BCoV strains showed the lowest similarity to equine coronavirus, placing the date of divergence at the end of the eighteenth century. Two strongly positive selection sites were detected along the receptor-binding subunit of the S protein gene: spanning amino acid residues 109-131 and 495-527. By contrast, the fusion subunit was observed to be under negative selection. The selection pattern along the S glycoprotein implies adaptive evolution of BCoVs, suggesting a successful mechanism for BCoV to continuously circulate among cattle and other ruminants without disappearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi R M Bidokhti
- Division of Ruminant Medicine and Veterinary Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Tråvén
- Division of Ruminant Medicine and Veterinary Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Neel K Krishna
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA 23507-1696, USA
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Box 7028, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sándor Belák
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Box 7028, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Alenius
- Division of Ruminant Medicine and Veterinary Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martí Cortey
- Department of Immunology, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK
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14
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Kanno T, Ishihara R, Hatama S, Uchida I. Antigenic variation among recent Japanese isolates of bovine coronaviruses belonging to phylogenetically distinct genetic groups. Arch Virol 2012; 158:1047-53. [PMID: 23269444 PMCID: PMC7086937 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs) isolated in Japan consist of four genetic groups, as determined by phylogenetic analysis using the polymorphic region (aa 456–592) of the S glycoprotein gene. Japanese field isolates of BCoV, reference Kakegawa strain, and vaccine strain 66/H were analyzed for their antigenic properties by indirect immunofluorescence and neutralization testing. There were no significant differences observed among these BCoVs in direct immunofluorescence tests. However, antigenic differences were observed between BCoVs in the neutralization tests, although there was no clear indication of a distinct serotype. A monoclonal antibody, 4H4, against the Kakegawa strain belonging to group 1 lacked significant neutralizing activity for viruses of groups 2, 3, and 4. Therefore, we speculate that the genetic differences between these groups may have altered their antigenicity. Analysis of mutant viruses resistant to neutralization by 4H4 revealed that the antigenic site of the Kakegawa strain maps to amino acid position 284 of the S glycoprotein. This site is not homologous to a known antigenic site (aa 528) of the Quebec strain belonging to group 1, and it is not located in the conformational domain comprising domain I (aa 351–403) and domain II (aa 517–621). This amino acid constitutes a neutralization epitope of BCoV, which is distinct from aa 528 of the Quebec strain. These results indicate antigenic evolution of BCoV between the genetic groups circulating in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kanno
- Exotic Disease Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-0022, Japan.
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15
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16
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Chung JY, Kim HR, Bae YC, Lee OS, Oem JK. Detection and characterization of bovine-like coronaviruses from four species of zoo ruminants. Vet Microbiol 2010; 148:396-401. [PMID: 20880639 PMCID: PMC7117225 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Five coronaviruses (CoVs) were detected in diarrheal feces from four zoo ruminant species: one wisent (Bison bonasus), two Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), one sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii), and one nyala (Tragelaphus angasii). We sequenced and analyzed the spike (S) and hemagglutinin/esterase (HE) genes of these viruses and compared the nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid (aa) sequences with those of other bovine CoV (BcoV) strains. Comparison of the entire deduced aa sequences of the S and HE glycoproteins revealed no specific differences that would account for discrimination between bovine-like CoV strains from zoo ruminants and BcoVs strains. In addition, the 99.9% aa identity among the five CoV strains revealed that the ruminants were infected by the same strain. Phylogenetically, bovine-like CoVs belong to group 2a CoVs, which are related most closely to the BcoV strains recently isolated in Korea. These data suggest that cattle are potential reservoirs for CoVs that are capable of infecting zoo ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Yee Chung
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Republic of Korea
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17
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Bovine-like coronaviruses isolated from four species of captive wild ruminants are homologous to bovine coronaviruses, based on complete genomic sequences. J Virol 2008; 82:12422-31. [PMID: 18842722 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01586-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We sequenced and analyzed the full-length genomes of four coronaviruses (CoVs), each from a distinct wild-ruminant species in Ohio: sambar deer (Cervus unicolor), a waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus), a sable antelope (Hippotragus niger), and a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The fecal samples from the sambar deer, the waterbuck, and the white-tailed deer were collected during winter dysentery outbreaks and sporadic diarrhea cases in 1993 and 1994 (H. Tsunemitsu, Z. R. el-Kanawati, D. R. Smith, H. H. Reed, and L. J. Saif, J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:3264-3269, 1995). A fecal sample from a sable antelope was collected in 2003 from an Ohio wild-animal habitat during the same outbreak when a bovine-like CoV from a giraffe (GiCoV) was isolated (M. Hasoksuz, K. Alekseev, A. Vlasova, X. Zhang, D. Spiro, R. Halpin, S. Wang, E. Ghedin, and L. J. Saif, J. Virol. 81:4981-4990, 2007). For two of the CoVs (sambar deer and waterbuck), complete genomes from both the cell culture-adapted and gnotobiotic-calf-passaged strains were also sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetically, wild-ruminant CoVs belong to group 2a CoVs, with the closest relatedness to recent bovine CoV (BCoV) strains. High nucleotide identities (99.4 to 99.6%) among the wild-ruminant strains and recent BCoV strains (BCoV-LUN and BCoV-ENT, isolated in 1998) further confirm the close relatedness. Comparative genetic analysis of CoVs of captive wild ruminants with BCoV strains suggests that no specific genomic markers are present that allow discrimination between the bovine strains and bovine-like CoVs from captive wild ruminants; furthermore, no specific genetic markers were identified that defined cell cultured or calf-passaged strains or the host origin of strains. The results of this study confirm prior reports of biologic and antigenic similarities between bovine and wild-ruminant CoVs and suggest that cattle may be reservoirs for CoVs that infect captive wild ruminants or vice versa and that these CoVs may represent host range variants of an ancestral CoV.
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18
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Takiuchi E, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Molecular analysis of the bovine coronavirus S1 gene by direct sequencing of diarrheic fecal specimens. Braz J Med Biol Res 2008; 41:277-82. [PMID: 18392449 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2008000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) causes severe diarrhea in newborn calves, is associated with winter dysentery in adult cattle and respiratory infections in calves and feedlot cattle. The BCoV S protein plays a fundamental role in viral attachment and entry into the host cell, and is cleaved into two subunits termed S1 (amino terminal) and S2 (carboxy terminal). The present study describes a strategy for the sequencing of the BCoV S1 gene directly from fecal diarrheic specimens that were previously identified as BCoV positive by RT-PCR assay for N gene detection. A consensus sequence of 2681 nucleotides was obtained through direct sequencing of seven overlapping PCR fragments of the S gene. The samples did not undergo cell culture passage prior to PCR amplification and sequencing. The structural analysis was based on the genomic differences between Brazilian strains and other known BCoV from different geographical regions. The phylogenetic analysis of the entire S1 gene showed that the BCoV Brazilian strains were more distant from the Mebus strain (97.8% identity for nucleotides and 96.8% identity for amino acids) and more similar to the BCoV-ENT strain (98.7% for nucleotides and 98.7% for amino acids). Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the hypervariable region of the S1 subunit, these strains clustered with the American (BCoV-ENT, 182NS) and Canadian (BCQ20, BCQ2070, BCQ9, BCQ571, BCQ1523) calf diarrhea and the Canadian winter dysentery (BCQ7373, BCQ2590) strains, but clustered on a separate branch of the Korean and respiratory BCoV strains. The BCoV strains of the present study were not clustered in the same branch of previously published Brazilian strains (AY606193, AY606194). These data agree with the genealogical construction and suggest that at least two different BCoV strains are circulating in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Takiuchi
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
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Park SJ, Lim GK, Park SI, Kim HH, Koh HB, Cho KO. Detection and molecular characterization of calf diarrhoea bovine coronaviruses circulating in South Korea during 2004-2005. Zoonoses Public Health 2007; 54:223-30. [PMID: 17803510 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the widespread occurrence of calf diarrhoea (CD) bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infections have been reported in most cattle producing countries, only the genetic differences in the BCoVs from American and Canadian isolates and/or strains have been identified and compared. Hence, it is unclear if the BCoVs circulating in the other countries have distinct genetic characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of CD BCoVs based on the deduced amino acid (aa) sequences of the spike (S) and haemagglutinin/esterase (HE) proteins in South Korea. RT-PCR and nested PCR using the primer pairs specific to the nucleocapsid gene, BCoVs detected the BCoVs in 56 (15.6%) of 359 diarrhoeic faecal samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the entire S gene indicated that 10 Korean CD BCoV strains clustered with other Korean BCoV strains with different clinical forms but were different from the American and Canadian BCoV strains. Moreover, the phylogenetic data of the aa sequences of the HE gene revealed all the Korean CD strains to be distinct from the other Korean BCoV strains with different clinical forms. These results suggest that the Korean BCoVs cause endemic infections in diarrhoeic calves in Jeonnam province and have taken a different evolutionary pathway from the BCoVs in other countries. Moreover, the different BCoV strains are circulating in the different clinical forms in South Korea. These results also suggest that vaccines against the BCoVs can be developed with each Korean BCoV in different clinical forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Park
- Biotherapy Human Resources Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
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Decaro N, Mari V, Desario C, Campolo M, Elia G, Martella V, Greco G, Cirone F, Colaianni ML, Cordioli P, Buonavoglia C. Severe outbreak of bovine coronavirus infection in dairy cattle during the warmer season. Vet Microbiol 2007; 126:30-9. [PMID: 17669602 PMCID: PMC7117129 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A severe outbreak of enteric and respiratory disease associated with bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infection is described. The outbreak occurred in a dairy herd of southern Italy in the first decade of September 2006, when summer temperatures were still recorded, affecting calves, heifers and adult cows, with a marked decrease in milk production. By virus isolation and RT-PCR targeting the S gene, BCoV was identified as the etiological agent of the outbreak, whereas bacteriological, parasitological and toxicological investigations failed to detect other causes of disease. BCoV strains with 99–100% nucleotide identity in the S gene were isolated from nasal, ocular and rectal swabs, thus proving the absence of separate clusters of virus on the basis of tissue tropism. Sequence analysis of the haemagglutination-esterase and spike proteins of the strain detected in one rectal sample (339/06) showed a high genetic relatedness with recent BCoV isolates (98–99% amino acid identity), with several unique amino acid substitutions in the S protein. The BCoV outbreak described in this paper presents interesting aspects: (i) the occurrence of a severe form of disease in the warmer season; (ii) the simultaneous presence of respiratory and enteric disease; (iii) the involvement of young as well as adult cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Decaro
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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21
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Park SJ, Kim GY, Choy HE, Hong YJ, Saif LJ, Jeong JH, Park SI, Kim HH, Kim SK, Shin SS, Kang MI, Cho KO. Dual enteric and respiratory tropisms of winter dysentery bovine coronavirus in calves. Arch Virol 2007; 152:1885-900. [PMID: 17564760 PMCID: PMC7087358 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-007-1005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although winter dysentery (WD), which is caused by the bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is characterized by the sudden onset of diarrhea in many adult cattle in a herd, the pathogenesis of the WD-BCoV is not completely understood. In this study, colostrum-deprived calves were experimentally infected with a Korean WD-BCoV strain and examined for viremia, enteric and nasal virus shedding as well as for viral antigen expression and virus-associated lesions in the small and large intestines and the upper and lower respiratory tract from 1 to 8 days after an oral infection. The WD-BCoV-inoculated calves showed gradual villous atrophy in the small intestine and a gradual increase in the crypt depth of the large intestine. The WD-BCoV-infected animals showed epithelial damage in nasal turbinates, trachea and lungs, and interstitial pneumonia. The WD-BCoV antigen was detected in the epithelium of the small and large intestines, nasal turbinates, trachea and lungs. WD-BCoV RNA was detected in the serum from post-inoculation day 3. These results show that the WD-BCoV has dual tropism and induces pathological changes in both the digestive and respiratory tracts of calves. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of dual enteric and respiratory tropisms of WD-BCoV in calves. Comprehensive studies of the dual tissue pathogenesis of the BCoV might contribute to an increased understanding of similar pneumoenteric CoV infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Park
- Biotherapy Human Resources Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Kanno T, Hatama S, Ishihara R, Uchida I. Molecular analysis of the S glycoprotein gene of bovine coronaviruses isolated in Japan from 1999 to 2006. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:1218-1224. [PMID: 17374765 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In total, 55 isolates of Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) were collected from cases of enteric and respiratory disease occurring between 1999 and 2006 in Japan. Phylogenetic analysis of the polymorphic region of the S glycoprotein gene of these isolates, together with those of other known strains, classified the BCoV strains and isolates into four clusters. Recent field isolates display distinctive genetic divergence from the prototype enteric BCoV strains--Mebus, Quebec, Kakegawa, F15 and LY138--and have diverged in three different aspects over 8 years. These data suggested that the genetic divergence in the polymorphic region of the S glycoprotein has progressed considerably; thus, molecular analysis of this region should be useful in investigating the molecular epidemiology of BCoV. In addition, based on the differences in amino acids among the isolates, our study did not reveal the presence of certain genetic markers of pathogenicity and clinical symptoms in this polymorphic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kanno
- Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hatama
- Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan
| | - Ryoko Ishihara
- Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan
| | - Ikuo Uchida
- Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan
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Vabret A, Dina J, Mourez T, Gouarin S, Petitjean J, van der Werf S, Freymuth F. Inter- and intra-variant genetic heterogeneity of human coronavirus OC43 strains in France. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:3349-3353. [PMID: 17030869 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) causes acute, self-limited respiratory infections. A close relationship between bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs) and HCoV-OC43 has recently been demonstrated. This study includes seven clinical, non-cell culture-adapted, contemporary HCoV-OC43 strains detected in France in 2003. By using RT-PCR and clonal sequencing of the S1 gene of HCoV-OC43, the inter-variant heterogeneity of the HCoV-OC43 circulating strains was studied and the intra-variant diversity was assessed by investigation of a quasispecies cloud. This paper brings to the forefront a high genetic diversity of circulating HCoV-OC43 variants. Genetically different groups are defined among the variants described in this study. One of these variants holds characteristics of an outlier and presents a deletion of 12 nt, also found in BCoV strains. Moreover, the presence of HCoV-OC43 as a quasispecies cloud in vivo during an acute respiratory-tract illness was discovered. It has also been revealed that quasispecies-cloud sizes are similar for the two viral populations tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Vabret
- Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Caen, Avenue Georges Clemenceau, 14033 Caen cedex, France
| | - Julia Dina
- Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Caen, Avenue Georges Clemenceau, 14033 Caen cedex, France
| | - Thomas Mourez
- Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Caen, Avenue Georges Clemenceau, 14033 Caen cedex, France
| | - Stéphanie Gouarin
- Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Caen, Avenue Georges Clemenceau, 14033 Caen cedex, France
| | - Joëlle Petitjean
- Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Caen, Avenue Georges Clemenceau, 14033 Caen cedex, France
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus Respiratoires, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - François Freymuth
- Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Caen, Avenue Georges Clemenceau, 14033 Caen cedex, France
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Park SJ, Jeong C, Yoon SS, Choy HE, Saif LJ, Park SH, Kim YJ, Jeong JH, Park SI, Kim HH, Lee BJ, Cho HS, Kim SK, Kang MI, Cho KO. Detection and characterization of bovine coronaviruses in fecal specimens of adult cattle with diarrhea during the warmer seasons. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3178-88. [PMID: 16954245 PMCID: PMC1594715 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02667-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is an etiological agent associated with winter dysentery (WD), prevalent in adult cattle during the winter. Although we previously detected, isolated, and characterized BCoV strains from adult cattle with WD (WD-BCoV strains) during the winter in South Korea, the precise epidemiology, as well as the causative agent of diarrhea in adult cattle in the warmer seasons, has not been examined. We examined 184 diarrheic fecal specimens collected from 75 herds of adult cattle from seven provinces during the spring (warm), autumn (warm), and summer (hot) seasons. Bovine coronavirus-positive reactions were detected for 107 (58.2%) diarrheic fecal samples (in 47/75 herds). Of these 107 positive samples, 90 fecal samples from 33 herds tested positive for BCoV alone and 17 fecal samples from 14 herds also tested positive for other pathogens. Biological comparisons between the 9 BCoV strains isolated in this study and the 10 previously isolated WD-BCoV strains revealed that there was no receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) activity against mouse erythrocytes in the 9 BCoV strains but the 10 WD-BCoV strains had high RDE activity. Phylogenetic analysis of the spike (S) and hemagglutinin/esterase (HE) proteins revealed that all the Korean BCoVs clustered together regardless of season and were distinct from the other known BCoVs, suggesting a distinct evolutionary pathway for the Korean BCoVs. These and previous results revealed a high prevalence and widespread geographical distribution of BCoV, suggesting that this virus is endemic in adult cattle with diarrhea in all seasons in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Park
- Biotherapy Human Resources Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
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25
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Liu L, Hägglund S, Hakhverdyan M, Alenius S, Larsen LE, Belák S. Molecular epidemiology of bovine coronavirus on the basis of comparative analyses of the S gene. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:957-60. [PMID: 16517883 PMCID: PMC1393089 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.44.3.957-960.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV), a group 2 member of the genus Coronavirus in the family Coronaviridae, is an important pathogen in cattle worldwide. It causes diarrhea in adult animals (winter dysentery), as well as enteric and respiratory diseases in calves. The annual occurrence of BCoV epidemics in Sweden and Denmark led to this investigation, with the aim to deepen the knowledge of BCoV epidemiology at the molecular level. A total of 43 samples from outbreaks in both countries were used for PCR amplification and direct sequencing of a 624-nucleotide fragment of the BCoV S gene. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic studies were performed. The results showed (i) identical sequences from different animals in the same herds and from paired nasal and fecal samples, suggesting a dominant virus circulating in each herd at a given time; (ii) sequence differences among four outbreaks in different years in the same herd, indicating new introduction of virus; (iii) identical sequences in four different Danish herds in samples obtained within 2 months, implying virus transmission between herds; and (iv) that at least two different virus strains were involved in the outbreaks of BCoV in Denmark during the spring of 2003. This study presents molecular data of BCoV infections that will contribute to an increased understanding of BCoV epidemiology in cattle populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7019, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Brandão PE, Gregori F, Richtzenhain LJ, Rosales CAR, Villarreal LYB, Jerez JA. Molecular analysis of Brazilian strains of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) reveals a deletion within the hypervariable region of the S1 subunit of the spike glycoprotein also found in human coronavirus OC43. Arch Virol 2006; 151:1735-48. [PMID: 16583154 PMCID: PMC7086848 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) causes enteric and respiratory dis- orders in calves and dysentery in cows. In this study, 51 stool samples of calves from 10 Brazilian dairy farms were analysed by an RT-PCR that amplifies a 488-bp fragment of the hypervariable region of the spike glycoprotein gene. Maximum parsimony genealogy with a heuristic algorithm using sequences from 15 field strains studied here and 10 sequences from GenBank and bredavirus as an outgroup virus showed the existence of two major clusters (1 and 2) in this viral species, the Brazilian strains segregating in both of them. The mean nucleotide identity between the 15 Brazilian strains was 98.34%, with a mean amino acid similarity of 98%. Strains from cluster 2 showed a deletion of 6 amino acids inside domain II of the spike protein that was also found in human coronavirus strain OC43, supporting the recent proposal of a zoonotic spill- over of BCoV. These results contribute to the molecular characterization of BCoV, to the prediction of the efficiency of immunogens, and to the definition of molecular markers useful for epidemiologic surveys on coronavirus-caused diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Brazil
- Cattle
- Cattle Diseases/virology
- Cluster Analysis
- Coronavirus Infections/veterinary
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Coronavirus OC43, Human/genetics
- Coronavirus, Bovine/classification
- Coronavirus, Bovine/genetics
- Coronavirus, Bovine/isolation & purification
- Feces/virology
- Genome, Viral
- Humans
- Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Deletion
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
- Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Brandão
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ko CK, Kang MI, Lim GK, Kim GY, Yoon SS, Park JT, Jeong C, Park SH, Park SJ, Kim YJ, Jeong JH, Kim SK, Park SI, Kim HH, Kim KY, Cho KO. Molecular characterization of HE, M, and E genes of winter dysentery bovine coronavirus circulated in Korea during 2002-2003. Virus Genes 2006; 32:129-36. [PMID: 16604443 PMCID: PMC7089456 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-005-6867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The different bovine coronavirus (BCoV) strains or isolates exhibited various degrees of substitutions, resulting in altered antigenicity and pathogenicity of the virus. In the previous our study, we demonstrated that the spike glycoprotein gene of Korean winter dysentery (WD) BCoV had a genetic property of both enteric (EBCV) and respiratory BCoV (RBCV) and were significantly distinct from the ancestral enteric strains. In the present study, therefore, we analyzed the other structure genes, the hemagglutinin/esterase (HE) protein, the transmembrane (M) protein and the small membrane (E) protein to characterize 10 WD BCoV circulated in Korea during 2002-2003 and compared the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences with the other known BCoV. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the HE gene among BCoV could be divided into three groups. The first group included only RBCV, while the second group contained calf diarrhea BCoV, RBCV, WD and EBCV, respectively. The third group possessed only all Korean WD strains which were more homologous to each other and were sharply distinct from the other known BCoV, suggesting Korean WD strains had evolutionary distinct pathway. In contrast, the relative conservation of the M and E proteins of BCoV including Korean WD strains and the other coronaviruses suggested that structural constraints on these proteins are rigid, resulting in more limited evolution of these proteins. In addition, BCoV and human coronavirus HCV-OC43 contained four potential O-glycosylation sites in the M gene. However, the M gene sequence of both BCoV and HCV-OC43 might not contain a signal peptide, suggesting the M protein might be unlikely to be exposed to the O-glycosylation machinery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Koo Ko
- Veterinary Medical Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
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