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Liu W, Shao J, Huang H, Liu Y, Guo H, Chang H, Wang J, Shandian G. Coding-complete genome sequence of a bovine viral diarrhea virus isolate NX2023 from a calf in China. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0016924. [PMID: 38916301 PMCID: PMC11256839 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00169-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The coding-complete genome sequence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolate NX2023 that originated from a calf in China was determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the NX2023 strain belongs to the BVDV-1d subgenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yijia Liu
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huichen Guo
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huiyun Chang
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Gao Shandian
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Nodar L, Arnaiz I, Pedreira JJ, Díez J, Calvo C, Diéguez JF. Long-term acute infections during a bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) outbreak in dairy farm from Galicia (NW Spain). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 262:110634. [PMID: 37517102 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
An observational study describes an outbreak of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in a dairy herd in Spain. The herd was subjected to a voluntary control program. In a sampling carried out in June 2020, bulk tank milk antibody levels increased compared to the previous sampling. Additionally, serum samples from 4 young heifers also tested positive for antibodies. Since the results were consistent with a recent infection, we proceeded to detect possible persistently infected (PI) animals using antigen ELISA (on serum/ear-notch samples), following the program guidelines. From this moment on, 42 animals tested positive for BVDV antigen, of which 17 were under typical acute infection (AI), 13 were deemed as PI, and eight died early on the farm before having information to determine their status. The remaining 4 showed intriguing test results consistent with a long-term AI since they tested BVDV positive in at least two antigen tests more than 3 weeks apart. Thus, one animal was positive until 80 days of age in serum, and others even for longer periods in ear-notch samples, until they finally tested negative for BVDV. Based on these results, longer follow-up may be necessary in BVDV positive animals to accurately confirm persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nodar
- Laboratorios HIPRA S.A., Amer, Girona, Spain
| | - I Arnaiz
- Laboratorio de Sanidad y Producción Animal de Galicia, Mabegondo, Abegondo, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J J Pedreira
- Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo-AGACAL, Mabegondo, Abegondo, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J Díez
- Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo-AGACAL, Mabegondo, Abegondo, A Coruña, Spain
| | - C Calvo
- ADSG de Curtis, Curtis, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J F Diéguez
- Departamento de Anatomía, Producción Animal y Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Facultad de Veterinaria, Lugo, Spain.
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BVDV-1 induces interferon-beta gene expression through a pathway involving IRF1, IRF7, and NF-κB activation. Mol Immunol 2020; 128:33-40. [PMID: 33053462 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV-1) is a pathogen with the capacity to modulate the interferon type I system. To further investigate the effects of BVDV-1 on the production of the immune response, the Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell line was infected with the cytopathic CH001 field isolate of BVDV-1, and the IFNbeta expression profiles were analyzed. The results showed that cpBVDV-1 was able to induce the production of IFNbeta in a way similar to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, but with less intensity. Interestingly, all cpBVDV-1 activities were blocked by pharmacological inhibitors of the IRF-1, IRF-7, and NF-κB signaling pathway, and the level of IFNbeta decreased at the level of transcript and protein. These results, together with in silico analyses showing the presence of several regulatory consensus target motifs, suggest that cpBVDV-1 regulates IFNbeta expression in bovines through the activation of several key transcription factors. Collectively, the results suggest that during cpBVDV-1 infection, cross talk is evident between various signaling pathways involved in transcriptional activation of IFNbeta in cattle.
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Asín J, Hilbe M, de Miguel R, Rodríguez-Largo A, Lanau A, Akerman A, Stalder H, Schweizer M, Luján L. An outbreak of abortions, stillbirths and malformations in a Spanish sheep flock associated with a bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2-contaminated orf vaccine. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:233-239. [PMID: 32386079 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus that affects both cattle and sheep, causing an array of clinical signs, which include abortions and malformations in the offspring. Manufacturing of modified live virus (MLV) vaccines often includes the use of bovine-derived products, which implies a risk of contamination with viable BVDV. Recently, the circulation of a specific strain of BVDV 2b among Spanish sheep flocks, associated with outbreaks of abortions and malformations, and whose origin was not determined, has been observed. On February 2018, a MLV orf vaccine was applied to a 1,600 highly prolific sheep flock in the Northeast of Spain that included 550 pregnant ewes. In May 2018, during the lambing season, an unusual high rate (72.7%) of abortions, stillbirths, congenital malformations and neurological signs in the offspring was observed. It was estimated that about 1,000 lambs were lost. Three 1- to 3-day-old affected lambs and a sealed vial of the applied vaccine were studied. Lambs showed variable degrees of central nervous system malformations and presence of pestiviral antigen in the brain. Molecular studies demonstrated the presence of exactly the same BVDV 2b in the tissues of the three lambs and in the orf vaccine, thus pointing to a pestivirus contamination in the applied vaccine as the cause of the outbreak. Interestingly, sequencing at the 5'-untranslated region-(UTR) of the contaminating virus showed a complete match with the virus described in the previously reported outbreaks in Spain, thus indicating that the same contaminated vaccine could have also played a role in those cases. This communication provides a clear example of the effects of the application of this contaminated product in a sheep flock. The information presented here can be of interest in putative future cases of suspected circulation of this or other BVDV strains in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Asín
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Monika Hilbe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo de Miguel
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Lanau
- Sociedad Cooperativa Limitada Agropecuaria del Sobrarbe (SCLAS) Veterinary Service, Huesca, Spain
| | - Alberto Akerman
- Sociedad Cooperativa Limitada Agropecuaria del Sobrarbe (SCLAS) Veterinary Service, Huesca, Spain
| | - Hanspeter Stalder
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Schweizer
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lluís Luján
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Mixto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Giangaspero M, Zhang SQ, Apicella C. Heterogeneity of <i>Pestivirus</i> Species in Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2019.93019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Who's who in the Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 species: Genotypes L and R. Virus Res 2018; 256:50-75. [PMID: 30056173 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 species is responsible for cosmopolitan diseases affecting cattle and other ruminants, with relevant impact on animal production. The species presents high genomic heterogeneity, with implications on control and prophylactic programs. Genomic traits of different genetic groups are often related to geographic origin. Atypical sequences have been reported from Pestivirus isolates originated from cattle in Turkey. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 5' untranslated region and Npro and secondary structure analysis of the 5'-UTR RNA, Turkish isolates have been segregated in two distinct genotypes. Out of the twenty-three identified BVDV-1 genotypes, the Turkish clusters, named L and R or 1.16 and 1.14, according to palindromic nucleotide substitution genotyping method, represent genomic clusters so far, not described elsewhere, suggesting geographic segregation. In order to avoid confusion in the current taxonomy of the species, nomenclature of described homonymous genotypes, referred to different genomic clusters, should be corrected.
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Giangaspero M, Apicella C. Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 current taxonomy according to palindromic nucleotide substitutions method. J Virol Methods 2018; 256:37-76. [PMID: 29462648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 species is responsible for cosmopolitan diseases affecting cattle and other ruminants, presenting a wide range of clinical manifestations, with relevant impact on zootechnic production. Understanding genomic characteristic and virus taxonomy is fundamental in order to sustain control and prophylactic programs. Given the recent various studies reporting a relatively high number of new strains, in particular from Asian countries, in the present study, four hundred-eighty-two genomic sequences have been evaluated applying the palindromic nucleotide substitutions method for genotyping. Based on the secondary structure alignment and computing genetic distance among strains in the 5' untranslated region of Pestivirus RNA, the current taxonomy of the species was reviewed. Twenty-two genotypes have been identified, applying a nomenclature based on divergence in the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Apicella
- Directorate General of Veterinary Public Health, Food and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Italy
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Yeşilbağ K, Alpay G, Becher P. Variability and Global Distribution of Subgenotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. Viruses 2017; 9:v9060128. [PMID: 28587150 PMCID: PMC5490805 DOI: 10.3390/v9060128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a globally-distributed agent responsible for numerous clinical syndromes that lead to major economic losses. Two species, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, discriminated on the basis of genetic and antigenic differences, are classified in the genus Pestivirus within the Flaviviridae family and distributed on all of the continents. BVDV-1 can be segregated into at least twenty-one subgenotypes (1a–1u), while four subgenotypes have been described for BVDV-2 (2a–2d). With respect to published sequences, the number of virus isolates described for BVDV-1 (88.2%) is considerably higher than for BVDV-2 (11.8%). The most frequently-reported BVDV-1 subgenotype are 1b, followed by 1a and 1c. The highest number of various BVDV subgenotypes has been documented in European countries, indicating greater genetic diversity of the virus on this continent. Current segregation of BVDV field isolates and the designation of subgenotypes are not harmonized. While the species BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 can be clearly differentiated independently from the portion of the genome being compared, analysis of different genomic regions can result in inconsistent assignment of some BVDV isolates to defined subgenotypes. To avoid non-conformities the authors recommend the development of a harmonized system for subdivision of BVDV isolates into defined subgenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Yeşilbağ
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Gizem Alpay
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Paul Becher
- Institute for Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
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9
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Elvira Partida L, Fernández M, Gutiérrez J, Esnal A, Benavides J, Pérez V, de la Torre A, Álvarez M, Esperón F. Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus 2 as the Cause of Abortion Outbreaks on Commercial Sheep Flocks. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:19-26. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Fernández
- Animal Health Department; Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE); University of León; León Spain
| | | | - A. Esnal
- Analitica Veterinaria; Vizcaya Spain
| | - J. Benavides
- Animal Health Department; Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE); University of León; León Spain
| | - V. Pérez
- Animal Health Department; Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE); University of León; León Spain
| | - A. de la Torre
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA); Valdeolmos Madrid Spain
| | - M. Álvarez
- Animal Health Department; University of León; León Spain
| | - F. Esperón
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA); Valdeolmos Madrid Spain
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10
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Polak MP, Antos A, Rola J, Żmudziński JF. Viral shedders in a herd vaccinated against infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) without prior testing for the presence of persistently infected animals. J Vet Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2016-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD), caused by the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), is one of the most important diseases of cattle worldwide. The purpose of the study was to determine the BVDV infection status in a dairy herd vaccinated against BVD. Before vaccination started in 2008, there had been no prior identification or the removal of the possible source of infection (persistently infected animals). It was expected that vaccination itself would enable the elimination of viral shedders on a long term basis. Material and Methods: Serological screening for antibodies against BVDV with determination for antibodies titres, BVDV antigen, and the presence of the viral genome with phylogenetic analysis of positive samples in the herd were performed, despite the lack of any clinical problems indicating possible presence of BVDV infection. Results: 19 individuals persistently infected with BVDV were identified among calves and heifers but not in adult cattle. All virus shedders were antibody negative and the genotype of isolated virus was BVDV-1b, indicating a single source of infection. The vaccine used in the herd was composed of BVDV-1a strain. In each of the tested cowsheds, antibody titres against BVDV-1b were higher than against BVDV-1a (median values). Conclusion: Despite a long-lasting vaccination programme and relatively high sequence homology of vaccinal and field strains of BVDV (83.6%), it was not possible to avoid transplacental infections of foetuses and the birth of persistently infected calves from vaccinated heifers although the protection against clinical disease was accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław P. Polak
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Antos
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jerzy Rola
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jan F. Żmudziński
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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Complete Genome Sequence of a Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Subgenotype 1e Strain, SLO/2407/2006, Isolated in Slovenia. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/6/e01310-16. [PMID: 27856597 PMCID: PMC5114389 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01310-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) subgenotype 1e was isolated for the first time in Slovenia in 2006. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of BVDV-1e, strain SLO/2407/2006. The published genome will increase our understanding of the molecular characteristics of the BVDV-1e strains circulating in Europe.
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12
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O'Brien E, Garvey M, Walsh C, Arkins S, Cullinane A. Genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle on Irish farms. Res Vet Sci 2016; 111:14-20. [PMID: 28266314 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to carry out a phylogenetic study of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (BVDV) circulating in Irish cattle herds from 2011 to 2014. Three hundred and twenty five viruses from 267 herds were subtyped by nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5'UTR and/or the Npro regions. All viruses investigated in this study belonged to species BVDV-1 with BVDV-1a as the prominent subtype (97%). Subtypes BVDV-1b, BVDV-1d and BVDV-1e were also identified for the first time in Ireland. Pairwise alignments of 225 viruses with complete sequences for the 5'UTR and the Npro regions were performed to determine a low conflict threshold for virus strain demarcation. One hundred and seventy seven unique virus strains were identified. The study revealed significant levels of herd specific clustering of strains but no geographical or temporal clustering. Similar virus strains were identified in different counties, provinces and years indicating the potential to investigate the epidemiology of the disease by combining sequence analysis with animal movement data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin O'Brien
- Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Marie Garvey
- Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Cathal Walsh
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sean Arkins
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ann Cullinane
- Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Factor C, Yus E, Eiras C, Sanjuan ML, Cerviño M, Arnaiz I, Diéguez FJ. Genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea viruses from the Galicia region of Spain. Vet Rec Open 2016; 3:e000196. [PMID: 27843559 PMCID: PMC5093385 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2016-000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the frequency and diversity of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (BVDVs) infecting cattle in Galicia (northwestern Spain). A total of 86 BVDV strains were typed in samples of serum from 79 persistently infected animals and 3 viraemic animals and of abomasal fluid from 4 fetuses. Samples came from 73 farms participating in a voluntary BVDV control programme. Typing was based on a 288-bp sequence from the 5′ untranslated region amplified using primers 324 and 326. Of the 86 strains, 85 (98.8 per cent) belonged to species BVDV-1 and 1 (1.2 per cent) belonged to BVDV-2; 73 strains (84.9 per cent) were typed as BVDV-1b, 2 as BVDV-1e and 6 as BVDV-1d. One strain each was typed as belonging to 1a, 1h, 1k and 1l. The sole BVDV-2 strain was classified as 2a. These results identify BVDV-1b as the predominant species, and they indicate the presence of viral types not previously described anywhere in Spain. This is also the first report of BVDV-2 in Galicia and only the second report of BVDV-2 in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Yus
- Veterinary Faculty of Lugo , Institute of Food Analysis and Research (Animal Health and Epidemiology Unit), Santiago de Compostela University , Lugo , Spain
| | - C Eiras
- Animal Health and Production Laboratory of Galicia , Lugo , Spain
| | - M L Sanjuan
- Veterinary Faculty of Lugo , Institute of Food Analysis and Research (Animal Health and Epidemiology Unit), Santiago de Compostela University , Lugo , Spain
| | - M Cerviño
- Boehringer Ingelheim España , Sant Cugat del Vallès , Barcelona
| | - I Arnaiz
- Center of Agrarian Research , Galicia , Spain
| | - F J Diéguez
- Anatomy and Animal Production Department, Veterinary Faculty of Lugo , Santiago de Compostela University , Lugo , Spain
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Mao L, Li W, Yang L, Wang J, Cheng S, Wei Y, Wang Q, Zhang W, Hao F, Ding Y, Sun Y, Jiang J. Primary surveys on molecular epidemiology of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 infecting goats in Jiangsu province, China. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:181. [PMID: 27596263 PMCID: PMC5011786 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen of domestic and wildlife animals worldwide and is associated with several diseases. In China, there are many reports about genotyping of BVDV strains originated from cattle and pigs, and some of them focused on the geographical distributions of BVDV. Currently, the goat industry in Jiangsu province of China is under going a rapid expansion. Most of these goat farms are backyard enterprises and in close proximity to pig and cattle farms. However, there was very limited information about BVDV infections in goats. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of BVDV infections of goats, the relationship of these infections to clinical signs and determine what BVDV genotypes are circulating in Jiangsu province. Results From 236 goat sera collected from six regions in Jiangsu province between 2011 and 2013, BVDV-1 was identified in 29 samples from the five regions by RT-PCR. The BVDV-1 infections occurred with/without clinical signs. Eight different BVDV-1 strains were identified from these positive samples based on the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) sequences, and further clustered into four BVDV-1 subtypes on the phylogenetic analysis. Three were BVDV-1b, two BVDV-1m, two BVDV-1o, and one BVDV-1p, respectively. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate the occurrence of BVDV and the genotypes of BVDV infecting goats in China. The results indicated that BVDV-1 infections were indeed present and the viruses were with genetic variations in Chinese goat herds. The information would be very useful for prevention and control of BVDV-1 infections in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Leilei Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Suining Animal Husbandry and Veterinary station, Suining, 221200, China
| | - Suping Cheng
- Hai'an Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Hai'an, 226600, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Suining Animal Husbandry and Veterinary station, Suining, 221200, China
| | - Qiusheng Wang
- Hai'an Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Hai'an, 226600, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yonglong Ding
- Hai'an Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Hai'an, 226600, China
| | - Yinhua Sun
- Hai'an Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Hai'an, 226600, China
| | - Jieyuan Jiang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Guelbenzu-Gonzalo MP, Cooper L, Brown C, Leinster S, O’Neill R, Doyle L, Graham DA. Genetic diversity of ruminant Pestivirus strains collected in Northern Ireland between 1999 and 2011 and the role of live ruminant imports. Ir Vet J 2016; 69:7. [PMID: 27354911 PMCID: PMC4924319 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-016-0066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae includes bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) types 1 and 2, border disease virus (BDV) and classical swine fever virus. The two recognised genotypes of BVDV are divided into subtypes based on phylogenetic analysis, namely a-p for BVDV-1 and a-c for BVDV-2. METHODS Three studies were conducted to investigate the phylogenetic diversity of pestiviruses present in Northern Ireland. Firstly, pestiviruses in 152 serum samples that had previously tested positive for BVDV between 1999 and 2008 were genotyped with a RT-PCR assay. Secondly, the genetic heterogeneity of pestiviruses from 91 serum samples collected between 2008 and 2011 was investigated by phylogenetic analysis of a 288 base pair portion of the 5' untranslated region (UTR). Finally, blood samples from 839 bovine and 4,437 ovine animals imported in 2010 and 2011 were tested for pestiviral RNA. Analysis of animal movement data alongside the phylogenetic analysis of the strains was carried out to identify any links between isolates and animal movement. RESULTS No BVDV-2 strains were detected. All of the 152 samples in the first study were genotyped as BVDV-1. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the predominant subtype circulating was BVDV-1a (86 samples out of 91). The remaining five samples clustered close to reference strains in subtype BVDV-1b. Out of the imported animals, 18 bovine samples tested positive and 8 inconclusive (Ct ≥36), while all ovine samples were negative. Eight sequences were obtained and were defined as BVDV-1b. Analysis of movement data between herds failed to find links between herds where BVDV-1b was detected. CONCLUSION Given that only BVDV-1a was detected in samples collected between 1968 and 1999, this study suggests that at least one new subtype has been introduced to Northern Ireland between 1999 and 2011 and highlights the potential for importation of cattle to introduce new strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynsey Cooper
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Belfast, UK
| | - Craig Brown
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Belfast, UK
| | - Sam Leinster
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Belfast, UK
| | - Ronan O’Neill
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Backweston, Ireland
| | - Liam Doyle
- Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs of Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK
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Complete Genome Sequence of a Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Subgenotype 1e Strain Isolated in Switzerland. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/3/e00636-15. [PMID: 26067971 PMCID: PMC4463535 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00636-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We sequenced the complete genome of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strain Carlito. It belongs to the subgenotype 1e that is described in Europe only and represents the second most prevalent subgenotype in Switzerland. This is the first report of a full-length sequence of BVDV-1e.
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Yeşilbağ K, Förster C, Ozyiğit MO, Alpay G, Tuncer P, Thiel HJ, König M. Characterisation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) isolates from an outbreak with haemorrhagic enteritis and severe pneumonia. Vet Microbiol 2013; 169:42-9. [PMID: 24447942 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During 2007 a disease outbreak occurred in cattle in the Marmara region of western Turkey characterised by severe pneumonia and haemorrhagic enteritis in calves. Cases from three farms at different locations were examined and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) isolated in all cases. Phylogenetic characterisation of the virus isolates allocated them in a new cluster tentatively named as BVDV-1r.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Yeşilbağ
- Department of Virology, Uludağ University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Christine Förster
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubert Str. 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Ozgür Ozyiğit
- Department of Pathology, Uludağ University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gizem Alpay
- Department of Virology, Uludağ University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Pelin Tuncer
- Department of Virology, Uludağ University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Heinz-Jürgen Thiel
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubert Str. 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias König
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubert Str. 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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18
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Epidemiological observations of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Korean indigenous calves. Virus Genes 2010; 42:64-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-010-0542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Oem JK, Chung JY, Roh IS, Kim HR, Bae YC, Lee KH, Jin YH, Lee OS. Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Brain Tissues from Nonambulatory (Downer) Cattle in Korea. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:518-23. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Between August 2008 and May 2009, 386 brain and serum samples from adult cattle (2–7 years old) showing a variety of clinical signs of downer cow syndrome were received by the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service. All brain samples were tested for the presence of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and antigen capture ELISA (Ag-ELISA). The BVDV nucleic acid was detected in 54 of 386 (15.5%) brain samples tested by RT-PCR. Positive results were detected in 14 (3.67%) and 13 (3.4%) of samples tested by IHC and Ag-ELISA, respectively. Both BVDV nucleic acid and antigen were detected in 11 cattle (2.9%) by all 3 diagnostic tests; however, antibodies against BVDV were not detected in these 11 cattle. A molecular classification of the identified viral strains ( n = 40) was also carried out. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the identified viruses belonged to BVDV genotype 1a ( n = 10), 1b ( n = 16), and 2a ( n = 8). The remaining strains were subtypes 1c ( n = 1), 1n ( n = 4), and 1m ( n = 1). Interestingly, most of the BVDV-1b strains ( n = 9) identified in brain samples were confirmed by all 3 diagnostic tests. Further studies should be performed to determine why the BVDV-1b strain was found in brain samples that were positive using all 3 diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ku Oem
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yee Chung
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soon Roh
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryoung Kim
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Chan Bae
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Lee
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Jin
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - O-Soo Lee
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Republic of Korea
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20
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Phylogenetic analysis and characterization of Korean bovine viral diarrhea viruses. Vet Microbiol 2009; 139:356-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hornberg A, Fernández SR, Vogl C, Vilcek S, Matt M, Fink M, Köfer J, Schöpf K. Genetic diversity of pestivirus isolates in cattle from Western Austria. Vet Microbiol 2008; 135:205-13. [PMID: 19019571 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) isolates in infected cattle from Tyrol and Vorarlberg (Austria) was investigated. Blood samples were collected within the compulsory Austrian BVDV control programme during 2005 and 2006. The 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) and partially the N-terminal autoprotease (N(pro)) were amplified by one-step reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the PCR products were subsequently sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis based on 5'-UTR and N(pro) sequences demonstrated that almost all isolates (307/310) were of the BVDV-1 genotype. They were clustered into eight different subtypes, here listed by their frequency of occurrence: BVDV-1h (143), BVDV-1f (79), BVDV-1b (41), BVDV-1d (28), BVDV-1e (6), BVDV-1a (4), BVDV-1g (3) and BVDV1-k (3). Two pestivirus isolates were typed as BVDV-2 and one isolate as BDV closely related to Gifhorn strain (BDV-3). Correlation among isolates could only be observed at the farm level, i.e., within a herd. However, no correlation between the genetic and geographical distances could be observed above the farm level. Because of the wide distribution of certain BVDV-1 subtypes and the low prevalence of herd-specific strains, a determination of tracing routes of infection was not possible. Furthermore, recombination events were not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hornberg
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Robert Koch Gasse 17, 2340 Moedling, Austria
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22
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Mishra N, Rajukumar K, Vilcek S, Tiwari A, Satav J, Dubey S. Molecular characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 isolate originating from a native Indian sheep (Ovies aries). Vet Microbiol 2008; 130:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kadir Y, Christine F, Barbara BW, Zeki Y, Feray A, Aykut O, Ibrahim B, Sibilina Cedillo R, Heinz-Jürgen T, Matthias K. Genetic heterogeneity of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) isolates from Turkey: identification of a new subgroup in BVDV-1. Vet Microbiol 2008; 130:258-67. [PMID: 18395998 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 01/26/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetic heterogeneity of Turkish ruminant pestiviruses was investigated by phylogenetic analysis of complete N(pro) encoding nucleotide sequences. A total of 30 virus isolates obtained from 15 provinces around the country between 1997 and 2005 were included in the phylogenetic analysis. Virus isolates mostly originated from cattle with one isolate from sheep. The bovine isolates all belonged to BVDV-1, the sheep isolate to BVDV-2. Fifteen isolates formed a new subgroup within BVDV-1, tentatively named BVDV-1l. The remaining bovine isolates were typed as BVDV-1a (n=4), BVDV-1b (n=4), BVDV-1d (n=3), BVDV-1f (n=2) and BVDV-1h (n=1). The isolates allocated to BVDV-1l originated from various geographical regions in different years. There was no correlation between genetic grouping and locations where isolates were obtained. Viruses originating from one farm in most cases belonged to the same subgroup (n=5). This study indicates that the newly detected subgroup BVDV-1l is predominant and widespread in Turkey. Moreover, an ovine virus isolate was identified as the first member of BVDV-2 reported in Turkey. A serological survey using samples from western Turkey indicated that BVDV-2 is also present in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşilbağ Kadir
- Uludağ University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Virology, Görükle, Bursa, Turkey.
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Valdazo-González B, Alvarez-Martínez M, Sandvik T. Genetic and antigenic typing of border disease virus isolates in sheep from the Iberian Peninsula. Vet J 2007; 174:316-24. [PMID: 17126573 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A selection of 10 pestiviruses isolated from sheep from the Iberian Peninsula from 2001 to 2004 was characterised at the molecular level. The 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR) and N(pro)-coding gene were amplified by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced directly from purified products. All isolates were also typed antigenically with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised against representative isolates of the four recognised pestivirus species. The genetic typing placed all the isolates in a new tentative type 4 of border disease virus (BDV), which was closely related to a pestivirus recently found in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica). Overall, the genotyping indicated a relatively wide diversity of the BDV type 4, which was best defined on the basis of N(pro) sequences. Antigenically, the isolates were recognised by two pan-pestivirus specific anti-NS3 mAbs, but only by some of the anti-glycoprotein specific mAbs raised against BDV, indicating partial antigenic overlap with other BDV isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Valdazo-González
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
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25
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Tang F, Zhang C. Evidence for positive selection on the E2 gene of bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1. Virus Genes 2007; 35:629-34. [PMID: 17566858 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-007-0122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in the molecular epidemiology of pestivirus, there have been few attempts to determine which regions of the pestivirus genome are subject to positive selection, although this may be a key indicator of the nature of the interaction between host and virus. By using likelihood-based methods for phylogenetic inference, the positive selection pressure of BVDV-1 E2 gene were assessed and a site-by-site analysis of the dN/dS ratio was performed, to identify specific codons undergoing diversifying positive selection. The overall omega was 0.20, indicating that most sites were subject to strong purifying selection and five positively selected sites (886, 888, 905, 944, and 946) were identified. It is surprising to find that all the potential positively selected sites fall within the C-terminal of E2, and out of the N-terminal of E2 which is thought to be surface-exposed and therefore prime targets for host antibody response. In conclusion, these results suggest that selection favoring avoidance of antibody recognition has not been a major factor in the history of BVDV-1. Further analysis is necessary to see if amino acid substitutions in the BVDV-1 positively selected sites can lead to change of host tropism or\and escape from epitope-specific CD8 T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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