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Zhang C, Zhao Z, Jia YJ, Zhang PQ, Sun Y, Zhou YC, Wang GX, Zhu B. Rationally Designed Self-Assembling Nanovaccines Elicit Robust Mucosal and Systemic Immunity against Rhabdovirus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:228-244. [PMID: 38055273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases have constantly caused great threats to global public health, resulting in an urgent need for effective vaccines. However, the current viral vaccines often show low immunogenicity. To counter this, we report a smart strategy of a well-designed modular nanoparticle (LSG-TDH) that recapitulates the dominant antigen SG, low-molecular-weight protamine, and tetralysine-modified H-chain apoferritin (TDH). The constructed LSG-TDH nanovaccine could self-assemble into a nanocage structure, which confers excellent mucus-penetrating, cellular affinity, and uptake ability. Studies demonstrate that the LSG-TDH nanovaccine could strongly activate both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Importantly, by immunizing wild-type and TLR2 knockout (TLR2-KO) zebrafish, we found that TLR2 could mediate LSG-TDH-induced adaptive mucosal and systemic immune responses by activating antigen-presenting cells. Collectively, our findings offer new insights into rational viral vaccine design and provide additional evidence of the vital role of TLR2 in regulating adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Jun Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Qi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yun Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Can Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Gong YM, Wei XF, Zheng YY, Li Y, Yu Q, Li PF, Zhu B. Combining Phage Display Technology with In Silico-Designed Epitope Vaccine to Elicit Robust Antibody Responses against Emerging Pathogen Tilapia Lake Virus. J Virol 2023; 97:e0005023. [PMID: 36975794 PMCID: PMC10134809 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00050-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen epitope identification is a critical step in the vaccine development process and is a momentous cornerstone for the development of safe and efficient epitope vaccines. In particular, vaccine design is difficult when the function of the protein encoded by the pathogen is unknown. The genome of Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), an emerging virus from fish, encodes protein functions that have not been elucidated, resulting in a lag and uncertainty in vaccine development. Here, we propose a feasible strategy for emerging viral disease epitope vaccine development using TiLV. We determined the targets of specific antibodies in serum from a TiLV survivor by panning a Ph.D.-12 phage library, and we identified a mimotope, TYTTRMHITLPI, referred to as Pep3, which provided protection against TiLV after prime-boost vaccination; its immune protection rate was 57.6%. Based on amino acid sequence alignment and structure analysis of the target protein from TiLV, we further identified a protective antigenic site (399TYTTRNEDFLPT410) which is located on TiLV segment 1 (S1). The epitope vaccine with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH-S1399-410) corresponding to the mimotope induced the tilapia to produce a durable and effective antibody response after immunization, and the antibody depletion test confirmed that the specific antibody against S1399-410 was necessary to neutralize TiLV. Surprisingly, the challenge studies in tilapia demonstrated that the epitope vaccine elicited a robust protective response against TiLV challenge, and the survival rate reached 81.8%. In conclusion, this study revealed a concept for screening antigen epitopes of emerging viral diseases, providing promising approaches for development and evaluation of protective epitope vaccines against viral diseases. IMPORTANCE Antigen epitope determination is an important cornerstone for developing efficient vaccines. In this study, we attempted to explore a novel approach for epitope discovery of TiLV, which is a new virus in fish. We investigated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of all antigenic sites (mimotopes) identified in serum of primary TiLV survivors by using a Ph.D.-12 phage library. We also recognized and identified the natural epitope of TiLV by bioinformatics, evaluated the immunogenicity and protective effect of this antigenic site by immunization, and revealed 2 amino acid residues that play important roles in this epitope. Both Pep3 and S1399-410 (a natural epitope identified by Pep3) elicited antibody titers in tilapia, but S1399-410 was more prominent. Antibody depletion studies showed that anti-S1399-410-specific antibodies were essential for neutralizing TiLV. Our study demonstrated a model for combining experimental and computational screens to identify antigen epitopes, which is attractive for epitope-based vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Ying Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Wang Y, Zhang G, Zhong L, Qian M, Wang M, Cui R. Filamentous bacteriophages, natural nanoparticles, for viral vaccine strategies. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5942-5959. [PMID: 35389413 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08064d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous bacteriophages are natural nanoparticles formed by the self-assembly of structural proteins that have the capability of replication and infection. They are used as a highly efficient vaccine platform to enhance immunogenicity and effectively stimulate the innate and adaptive immune response. Compared with traditional vaccines, phage-based vaccines offer thermodynamic stability, biocompatibility, homogeneity, high carrying capacity, self-assembly, scalability, and low toxicity. This review summarizes recent research on phage-based vaccines in virus prevention. In addition, the expression systems of filamentous phage-based virus vaccines and their application principles are discussed. Moreover, the prospect of the prevention of emerging infectious diseases, such as coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicun Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Guangxin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lili Zhong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Min Qian
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China.
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A Novel Peptide Isolated from a Phage Display Peptide Library Modeling Antigenic Epitope of DHAV-1 and DHAV-3. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010121. [PMID: 32150877 PMCID: PMC7157547 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), the major pathogen of duck virus hepatitis (DVH), causes severe diseases that threaten the duck industry worldwide. The VP1 protein, a major structural protein of DHAV, is able to induce neutralizing antibody in ducks. The purpose of this study was to identify the antigenic mimotope of DHAV by phage display technology. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) 4E6 against DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 was prepared, and a phage library prepared with the PhD-12 Phage Display Peptide Library Kit was screened with the mAb. A novel peptide, 1GLTWKLPPSM10 was identified with high affinity to the mAb and could specifically block mAb 4E6 from binding DHAV-1 and DHAV-3. Animal tests confirmed that the immunization of ducklings with the mimotope could inhibit the virus proliferation and protect the ducklings from DVH. In summary, the neutralizing conformational mimotope 1GLTWKLPPSM10 might be a promising vaccine candidate for the prevention of DHAV infection.
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Kazemi-Lomedasht F, Rahimi Jamnani F, Behdani M, Shahbazzadeh D. Linear mimotope analysis of Iranian cobra ( Naja oxiana) snake venom using peptide displayed phage library. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1420082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht
- Venom & Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani
- Human Antibody Lab, Innovation Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Venom & Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delavar Shahbazzadeh
- Venom & Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Zambrano-Mila MS, Sánchez Blacio KE, Santiago Vispo N. Peptide Phage Display: Molecular Principles and Biomedical Applications. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2168479019837624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marlon S. Zambrano-Mila
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | | | - Nelson Santiago Vispo
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
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Rajčáni J, Szathmary S. Peptide Vaccines: New Trends for Avoiding the Autoimmune Response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1874279301810010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:Several marketed antiviral vaccines (such as that against hepatitis virus A and/or B, influenza virus, human papillomavirus, yellow fever virus, measles, rubella and mumps viruses) may elicit various autoimmune reactions.Results:The cause of autoimmune response due to vaccination may be: 1. the adjuvant which is regularly added to the vaccine (especially in the case of various oil substrates), 2. the specific viral component itself (a protein or glycoprotein potentially possessing cross-reactive epitopes) and/or 3. contamination of the vaccine with traces of non-viral proteins mostly cellular in origin. Believing that peptide vaccines might represent an optimal solution for avoiding the above-mentioned problems, we discuss the principles of rational design of a typical peptide vaccine which should contain oligopeptides coming either from the selected structural virion components (i.e.capsid proteins and/or envelop glycoproteins or both) or from the virus-coded non-structural polypeptides. The latter should be equally immunogenic as the structural virus proteins. Describing the feasibility of identification and design of immunogenic epitopes, our paper also deals with possible problems of peptide vaccine manufacturing. The presented data are in part based on the experience of our own, in part, they are coming from the results published by others.Conclusion:Any peptide vaccine should be able to elicit relevant and specific antibody formation, as well as an efficient cell-mediated immune response. Consequently, the properly designed peptide vaccine is expected to consist of carefully selected viral peptides, which should stimulate the receptors of helper T/CD4 cells as well as of cytotoxic (T/CD8) lymphocytes.
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Serological diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection by using the mimic epitopes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:82. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Shafaghi M, Maktoobian S, Rasouli R, Howaizi N, Ofoghi H, Ehsani P. Transient Expression of Biologically Active Anti-rabies Virus Monoclonal Antibody in Tobacco Leaves. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 16:e1774. [PMID: 30555840 PMCID: PMC6217261 DOI: 10.21859/ijb.1774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that causes fatal, but, a preventable disease in mammals. Administration of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) is essential for the post-exposure of the prophylaxis to prevent the disease. However, replacement of polyclonal RIGs with alternative monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that are capable of neutralizing rabies virus has been recommended. Objectives Here, we have investigated the transient expression of the full-size human MAb against rabies virus glycoprotein; the MAb SO57 in the tobacco plants using vacuum agro-infiltration. Previously, stably transformed plants expressing the MAb have been reported. Materials and Methods In this study three vectors carrying the codon-optimized genes for the heavy or light chain and p19 silencing-suppressor were constructed. These vectors were co-infiltrated into Nicotiana tabacum leaves and the transgenes were expressed. Results Dot blot, Western blotting, ELISA, and in vitro neutralization assays of the plant extracts showed that the human MAb could assemble in tobacco leaves and was able to neutralize rabies virus. Conclusions This study is the first report of transient expression of human MAb SO57 gene in tobacco plant within a few days after vacuum agro-infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Shafaghi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Maktoobian
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahimeh Rasouli
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Howaizi
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ofoghi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Ehsani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Samoylova TI, Braden TD, Spencer JA, Bartol FF. Immunocontraception: Filamentous Bacteriophage as a Platform for Vaccine Development. Curr Med Chem 2017; 24:3907-3920. [PMID: 28901276 PMCID: PMC5738698 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170911160426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population control of domestic, wild, invasive, and captive animal species is a global issue of importance to public health, animal welfare and the economy. There is pressing need for effective, safe, and inexpensive contraceptive technologies to address this problem. Contraceptive vaccines, designed to stimulate the immune system in order to block critical reproductive events and suppress fertility, may provide a solution. Filamentous bacteriophages can be used as platforms for development of such vaccines. OBJECTIVE In this review authors highlight structural and immunogenic properties of filamentous phages, and discuss applications of phage-peptide vaccines for advancement of immunocontraception technology in animals. RESULTS Phages can be engineered to display fusion (non-phage) peptides as coat proteins. Such modifications can be accomplished via genetic manipulation of phage DNA, or by chemical conjugation of synthetic peptides to phage surface proteins. Phage fusions with antigenic determinants induce humoral as well as cell-mediated immune responses in animals, making them attractive as vaccines. Additional advantages of the phage platform include environmental stability, low cost, and safety for immunized animals and those administering the vaccines. CONCLUSION Filamentous phages are viable platforms for vaccine development that can be engineered with molecular and organismal specificity. Phage-based vaccines can be produced in abundance at low cost, are environmentally stable, and are immunogenic when administered via multiple routes. These features are essential for a contraceptive vaccine to be operationally practical in animal applications. Adaptability of the phage platform also makes it attractive for design of human immunocontraceptive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana I Samoylova
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Timothy D Braden
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jennifer A Spencer
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Frank F Bartol
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Xiao N, Cao J, Zhou H, Ding SQ, Kong LY, Li JN. Identification of three novel B-cell epitopes of VMH protein from Vibrio mimicus by screening a phage display peptide library. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 182:22-28. [PMID: 27863546 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio mimicus is the causative agent of ascites disease in fish. The heat-labile hemolytic toxin designated VMH is an immunoprotective antigen of V. mimicus. However, its epitopes have not been well characterized. Here, a commercially available phage displayed 12-mer peptide library was used to screen epitopes of VMH protein using polyclonal rabbit anti-rVMH protein antibodies, and then five positive phage clones were identified by sandwich and competitive ELISA. Sequences analysis showed that the motif of DPTLL displayed on phage clone 15 and the consensus motif of SLDDDST displayed on the clone 4/11 corresponded to the residues 134-138 and 238-244 of VMH protein, respectively, and the synthetic motif peptides could also be recognized by anti-rVMH-HD antibody in peptide-ELISA. Thus, both motifs DPTLL and SLDDDST were identified as minimal linear B-cell epitopes of VMH protein. Although no similarity was found between VMH protein and the consensus motif of ADGLVPR displayed on the clone 2/6, the synthetic peptide ADGLVPR could absorb anti-rVMH-HD antibody and inhibit the antibody binding to rVMH protein in enhanced chemoluminescence Western blotting, whereas irrelevant control peptide did not affect the antibody binding with rVMH. These results revealed that the peptide ADGLVPR was a mimotope of VMH protein. Taken together, three novel B-cell epitopes of VMH protein were identified, which provide a foundation for developing epitope-based vaccine against V. mimicus infection in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ji Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shu-Quan Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ling-Yan Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jin-Nian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Immunogenicity of multi-epitope-based vaccine candidates administered with the adjuvant Gp96 against rabies. Virol Sin 2016; 31:168-75. [PMID: 27068655 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-016-3734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies, a zoonotic disease, causes > 55,000 human deaths globally and results in at least 500 million dollars in losses every year. The currently available rabies vaccines are mainly inactivated and attenuated vaccines, which have been linked with clinical diseases in animals. Thus, a rabies vaccine with high safety and efficacy is urgently needed. Peptide vaccines are known for their low cost, simple production procedures and high safety. Therefore, in this study, we examined the efficacy of multi-epitope-based vaccine candidates against rabies virus. The ability of various peptides to induce epitope-specific responses was examined, and the two peptides that possessed the highest antigenicity and conservation, i.e., AR16 and hPAB, were coated with adjuvant canine-Gp96 and used to prepare vaccines. The peptides were prepared as an emulsion of oil in water (O/W) to create three batches of bivalent vaccine products. The vaccine candidates possessed high safety. Virus neutralizing antibodies were detected on the day 14 after the first immunization in mice and beagles, reaching 5-6 IU/mL in mice and 7-9 IU/mL in beagles by day 28. The protective efficacy of the vaccine candidates was about 70%-80% in mice challenged by a virulent strain of rabies virus. Thus, a novel multi-epitope-based rabies vaccine with Gp96 as an adjuvant was developed and validated in mice and dogs. Our results suggest that synthetic peptides hold promise for the development of novel vaccines against rabies.
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Kaur M, Garg R, Singh S, Bhatnagar R. Rabies vaccines: where do we stand, where are we heading? Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 14:369-81. [PMID: 25348036 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.973403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rabies being the most lethal zoonotic, vaccine-preventable viral disease with worldwide distribution of reservoir wild animals presents unique challenges for its diagnosis, management and control. Although vaccines available are highly effective, which had played the key role in controlling rabies in North America, western Europe and in a number of Asian and Latin American countries, the requirement of multiple doses along with boosters, associated cost to reduce the incidence in wild animals and prophylactic human vaccination has remained a major impediment towards achieving the same goals in poorer parts of the world such as sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia. Current efforts to contain rabies worldwide are directed towards the development of more safe, cheaper and efficacious vaccines along with anti-rabies antibodies for post-exposure prophylaxis. The work presented here provides an overview of the advances made towards controlling the human rabies, particularly in last 10 years, and future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- BSL3 Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi - 110067, Delhi, India
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14
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Subtractive phage display selection from canine visceral leishmaniasis identifies novel epitopes that mimic Leishmania infantum antigens with potential serodiagnosis applications. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 21:96-106. [PMID: 24256622 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00583-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic disease that is endemic to Brazil, where dogs are the main domestic parasite reservoirs, and the percentages of infected dogs living in regions where canine VL (CVL) is endemic have ranged from 10% to 62%. Despite technological advances, some problems have been reported with CVL serodiagnosis. The present study describes a sequential subtractive selection through phage display technology from polyclonal antibodies of negative and positive sera that resulted in the identification of potential bacteriophage-fused peptides that were highly sensitive and specific to antibodies of CVL. A negative selection was performed in which phage clones were adhered to purified IgGs from healthy and Trypanosoma cruzi-infected dogs to eliminate cross-reactive phages. The remaining supernatant nonadhered phages were submitted to positive selection against IgG from the blood serum of dogs that were infected with Leishmania infantum. Phage clones that adhered to purified IgGs from the CVL-infected serum samples were selected. Eighteen clones were identified and their reactivities tested by a phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (phage-ELISA) against the serum samples from infected dogs (n = 31) compared to those from vaccinated dogs (n = 21), experimentally infected dogs with cross-reactive parasites (n = 23), and healthy controls (n = 17). Eight clones presented sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100%, and they showed no cross-reactivity with T. cruzi- or Ehrlichia canis-infected dogs or with dogs vaccinated with two different commercial CVL vaccines in Brazil. Our study identified eight mimotopes of L. infantum antigens with 100% accuracy for CVL serodiagnosis. The use of these mimotopes by phage-ELISA proved to be an excellent assay that was reproducible, simple, fast, and inexpensive, and it can be applied in CVL-monitoring programs.
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Castelli M, Cappelletti F, Diotti RA, Sautto G, Criscuolo E, Dal Peraro M, Clementi N. Peptide-based vaccinology: experimental and computational approaches to target hypervariable viruses through the fine characterization of protective epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies and the identification of T-cell-activating peptides. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:521231. [PMID: 23878584 PMCID: PMC3710646 DOI: 10.1155/2013/521231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Defining immunogenic domains of viral proteins capable of eliciting a protective immune response is crucial in the development of novel epitope-based prophylactic strategies. This is particularly important for the selective targeting of conserved regions shared among hypervariable viruses. Studying postinfection and postimmunization sera, as well as cloning and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), still represents the best approach to identify protective epitopes. In particular, a protective mAb directed against conserved regions can play a key role in immunogen design and in human therapy as well. Experimental approaches aiming to characterize protective mAb epitopes or to identify T-cell-activating peptides are often burdened by technical limitations and can require long time to be correctly addressed. Thus, in the last decade many epitope predictive algorithms have been developed. These algorithms are continually evolving, and their use to address the empirical research is widely increasing. Here, we review several strategies based on experimental techniques alone or addressed by in silico analysis that are frequently used to predict immunogens to be included in novel epitope-based vaccine approaches. We will list the main strategies aiming to design a new vaccine preparation conferring the protection of a neutralizing mAb combined with an effective cell-mediated response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Castelli
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappelletti
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Antonia Diotti
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sautto
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modeling, Institute of Bioingeneering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
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