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Rajasekar SP, Pitchaimani M, Zhu Q. Probing a Stochastic Epidemic Hepatitis C Virus Model with a Chronically Infected Treated Population. ACTA MATHEMATICA SCIENTIA = SHU XUE WU LI XUE BAO 2022; 42:2087-2112. [PMID: 35911571 PMCID: PMC9310688 DOI: 10.1007/s10473-022-0521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus is hitherto a tremendous threat to human beings, but many researchers have analyzed mathematical models for hepatitis C virus transmission dynamics only in the deterministic case. Stochasticity plays an immense role in pathology and epidemiology. Hence, the main theme of this article is to investigate a stochastic epidemic hepatitis C virus model with five states of epidemiological classification: susceptible, acutely infected, chronically infected, recovered or removed and chronically infected, and treated. The stochastic hepatitis C virus model in epidemiology is established based on the environmental influence on individuals, is manifested by stochastic perturbations, and is proportional to each state. We assert that the stochastic HCV model has a unique global positive solution and attains sufficient conditions for the extinction of the hepatotropic RNA virus. Furthermore, by constructing a suitable Lyapunov function, we obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of an ergodic stationary distribution of the solutions to the stochastic HCV model. Moreover, this article confirms that using numerical simulations, the six parameters of the stochastic HCV model can have a high impact over the disease transmission dynamics, specifically the disease transmission rate, the rate of chronically infected population, the rate of progression to chronic infection, the treatment failure rate of chronically infected population, the recovery rate from chronic infection and the treatment rate of the chronically infected population. Eventually, numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of our theoretical conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Rajasekar
- Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 005 India
- Department of Mathematics, Government Arts College for Women, Nilakottai, Tamil Nadu, 624 202 India
| | - M. Pitchaimani
- Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 005 India
| | - Quanxin Zhu
- CHP-LCOCS, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 China
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Wang Y, Zhao Z, Wang M, Hannah MN, Hu Q, Rui J, Liu X, Zhu Y, Xu J, Yang M, Cui JA, Su Y, Zhao B, Chen T. The transmissibility of hepatitis C virus: a modelling study in Xiamen City, China. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e291. [PMID: 33234178 PMCID: PMC7770378 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at estimating the transmissibility of hepatitis C. The data for hepatitis C cases were collected in six districts in Xiamen City, China from 2004 to 2018. A population-mixed susceptible-infectious-chronic-recovered (SICR) model was used to fit the data and the parameters of the model were calculated. The basic reproduction number (R0) and the number of newly transmitted cases by a primary case per month (MNI) were adopted to quantitatively assess the transmissibility of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Eleven curve estimation models were employed to predict the trends of R0 and MNI in the city. The SICR model fits the reported HCV data well (P < 0.01). The median R0 of each district in Xiamen is 0.4059. R0 follows the cubic model curve, the compound curve and the power function curve. The median MNI of each district in Xiamen is 0.0020. MNI follows the cubic model curve, the compound curve and the power function curve. The transmissibility of HCV follows a decreasing trend, which reveals that under the current policy for prevention and control, there would be a high feasibility to eliminate the transmission of HCV in the city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhai Wang
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Mikah Ngwanguong Hannah
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Hu
- Division of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 201 Presidents Circle, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA
| | - Jia Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingchun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-An Cui
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Benhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, People's Republic of China
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Ward JW, Hinman AR. What Is Needed to Eliminate Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus as Global Health Threats. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:297-310. [PMID: 30391470 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause 1.3 million deaths annually. To prevent more than 7 million deaths by 2030, the World Health Organization set goals to eliminate HBV and HCV, defined as a 90% reduction in new infections and a 65% reduction in deaths, and prevent more than 7 million related deaths by 2030. Elimination of HBV and HCV is feasible because of characteristics of the viruses, reliable diagnostic tools, and available cost-effective or cost-saving interventions. Broad implementation of infant immunization against HBV, blood safety, and infection-control programs have greatly reduced the burden of HBV and HCV infections. To achieve elimination, priorities include implementation of HBV vaccine-based strategies to prevent perinatal transmission, safe injection practices and HCV treatment for persons who inject drugs, and testing and treatment for HBV- and HCV-infected persons. With sufficient capacity, HBV and HCV elimination programs can meet their goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Ward
- The Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Khodaei‐Mehr J, Tangestanizadeh S, Vatankhah R, Sharifi M. Optimal neuro-fuzzy control of hepatitis C virus integrated by genetic algorithm. IET Syst Biol 2018; 12:154-161. [PMID: 33451188 PMCID: PMC8687377 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2017.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C blood born virus is a major cause of liver disease that more than three per cent of people in the world is dealing with, and the spread of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in different populations is one of the most important issues in epidemiology. In the present study, a new intelligent controller is developed and tested to control the hepatitis C infection in the population which the authors refer to as an optimal adaptive neuro-fuzzy controller. To design the controller, some data is required for training the employed adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) which is selected by the genetic algorithm. Using this algorithm, the best control signal for each state condition is chosen in order to minimise an objective function. Then, the prepared data is utilised to build and train the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy structure of the ANFIS and this structure is used as the controller. Simulation results show that there is a significant decrease in the number of acute-infected individuals by employing the proposed control method in comparison with the case of no intervention. Moreover, the authors proposed method improves the value of the objective function by 19% compared with the ordinary optimal control methods used previously for HCV epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Khodaei‐Mehr
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz UniversityMolla‐sadra StreetShirazIran
| | | | - Ramin Vatankhah
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz UniversityMolla‐sadra StreetShirazIran
| | - Mojtaba Sharifi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz UniversityMolla‐sadra StreetShirazIran
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