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Zhang L, Li L, Huang L, Li X, Xu C, Hu W, Sun Y, Liu F, Li Y. Voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2) facilitates the accumulation of rice stripe virus in the vector Laodelphax striatellus. Virus Res 2023; 324:199019. [PMID: 36496034 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.199019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) causes enormous losses in rice production and is transmitted by the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus, in a persistent-propagative manner. RSV accumulation within the gut lumen of the vector is indispensable for the successful transmission to rice and insects. In this study, we obtained a 1464 bp full-length cDNA of a voltage-dependent anion channel 2 from L. striatellus (LsVDAC2), which encodes a 283 amino acid protein. RSV infection increased the expression of LsVDAC2 in the midguts and ovaries of L. striatellus by 260% and 228%, respectively. Silencing of LsVDAC2 resulted in a 88% reduction of RSV loads at 24 h after RNAi, indicating that LsVDAC2 facilitates RSV accumulation in the vector. Yeast two-hybrid and GST pulldown assays demonstrated that LsVDAC2 interacted with RSV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RdRp. Furthermore, experiments in vivo and in vitro showed that LsVDAC2 induced the apoptotic response in RSV-infected insects and tissues. Silencing of LsVDAC2 via RNAi significantly reduced the expression of genes for apoptosis-related caspases 1a and 1c by 62% and 78%, respectively, in RSV-infected vectors. Whether LsVDAC2-induced RSV accumulation is related to RSV RdRp and LsVDAC2-induced cell apoptosis deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Linying Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lijun Huang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chengzhu Xu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenxing Hu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yixuan Sun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yao Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Wang W, Yang RR, Peng LY, Zhang L, Yao YL, Bao YY. Proteolytic activity of the proteasome is required for female insect reproduction. Open Biol 2021; 11:200251. [PMID: 33622101 PMCID: PMC8061697 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-ATPase regulatory subunits (Rpns) are components of the 26S proteasome involved in polyubiquitinated substrate recognition and deubiquitination in eukaryotes. Here, we identified 15 homologues sequences of Rpn and associated genes by searching the genome and transcriptome databases of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, a hemipteran rice pest. Temporospatial analysis showed that NlRpn genes were significantly highly expressed in eggs and ovaries but were less-highly expressed in males. RNA interference-mediated depletion of NlRpn genes decreased the proteolytic activity of proteasome and impeded the transcription of lipase and vitellogenin genes in the fat bodies and ovaries in adult females, and reduced the triglyceride content in the ovaries. Decrease of the proteolytic activity of the proteasome via knockdown of NlRpns also inhibited the transcription of halloween genes, including NlCYP307A2, NlCYP306A2 and NlCYP314A1, in the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) biosynthetic pathway in the ovaries, reduced 20E production in adult females, and impaired ovarian development and oocyte maturation, resulting in reduced fecundity. These novel findings indicate that the proteolytic activity of the proteasome is required for female reproductive processes in N. lugens, thus furthering our understanding of the reproductive and developmental strategies in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.,School of Biological Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK
| | - Yan-Yuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Chen D, Hu J, Zhang K, Kang L, Chen Y, Huang L, Zhang L, Xiang Y, Song Q, Liu F. The α-tubulin of Laodelphax striatellus mediates the passage of rice stripe virus (RSV) and enhances horizontal transmission. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008710. [PMID: 32817722 PMCID: PMC7446811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV, genus Tenuivirus, family Phenuiviridae) is the causal agent of rice stripe disease transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) in a persistent propagative manner. The midgut and salivary glands of SBPH are the first and last barriers to the viral circulation and transmission processes, respectively; however, the precise mechanisms used by RSV to cross these organs and transmit to rice plants have not been fully elucidated. We obtained the full-length cDNA sequence of L. striatellus α-tubulin 2 (LsTUB) and found that RSV infection increased the level of LsTUB in vivo. Furthermore, LsTUB was shown to co-localize with RSV nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) in vivo and bound NS3 at positions 74-76 and 80-82 in vitro. Transient gene silencing of LsTUB expression caused a significant reduction in detectable RSV loads and viral NS3 expression levels, but had no effect on NS3 silencing suppressor activity and viral replication in insect cells. However, suppression of LsTUB attenuated viral spread in the bodies of SBPHs and decreased RSV transmission rates to rice plants. Electrical penetration graphs (EPG) showed that LsTUB knockdown by RNAi did not impact SBPH feeding; therefore, the reduction in RSV transmission rates was likely caused by a decrease in viral loads inside the planthopper. These findings suggest that LsTUB mediates the passage of RSV through midgut and salivary glands and leads to successful horizontal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danyu Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jia Hu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Kang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Huang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yin Xiang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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