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Mugunthan SP, Venkatesan D, Govindasamy C, Selvaraj D, Harish MC. Systems approach to design multi-epitopic peptide vaccine candidate against fowl adenovirus structural proteins for Gallus gallus domesticus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1351303. [PMID: 38881736 PMCID: PMC11177691 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1351303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is a significant pathogen in poultry, causing various diseases such as hepatitis-hydropericardium, inclusion body hepatitis, and gizzard erosion. Different serotypes of FAdV are associated with specific conditions, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies. Given the rising prevalence of FAdV-related diseases globally, effective vaccination and biosecurity measures are crucial. In this study, we explore the potential of structural proteins to design a multi-epitope vaccine targeting FAdV. Methods We employed an in silico approach to design the multi-epitope vaccine. Essential viral structural proteins, including hexon, penton, and fiber protein, were selected as vaccine targets. T-cell and B-cell epitopes binding to MHC-I and MHC-II molecules were predicted using computational methods. Molecular docking studies were conducted to validate the interaction of the multi-epitope vaccine candidate with chicken Toll-like receptors 2 and 5. Results Our in silico methodology successfully identified potential T-cell and B-cell epitopes within the selected viral structural proteins. Molecular docking studies revealed strong interactions between the multi-epitope vaccine candidate and chicken Toll-like receptors 2 and 5, indicating the structural integrity and immunogenic potential of the designed vaccine. Discussion The designed multi-epitope vaccine presents a promising approach for combating FAdV infections in chickens. By targeting essential viral structural proteins, the vaccine is expected to induce a robust immunological response. The in silico methodology utilized in this study provides a rapid and cost-effective means of vaccine design, offering insights into potential vaccine candidates before experimental validation. Future studies should focus on in vitro and in vivo evaluations to further assess the efficacy and safety of the proposed vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chandramohan Govindasamy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhivya Selvaraj
- Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, School of Computer Information and Communication Engineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mani Chandra Harish
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ather F, Zia MA, Habib M, Shah MSUD. Development of an ELISA for the detection of fowl adenovirus serotype -4 utilizing fiber protein. Biologicals 2024; 85:101752. [PMID: 38401400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2024.101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS), caused by the Fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4) has led to significant financial losses for the poultry industry globally, including Pakistan over the past few years. Conventional serological methods are time consuming, laborious and less sensitive therefore, a rapid and sensitive ELISA kit is required for the reliable detection of FAdV-4 infection. In the current research, fiber proteins (1 &2) of FAdV-4 were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using metal affinity chromatography. Using these proteins as antigens, an indirect ELISA for detecting FAdV-4 infection was developed. The developed ELISA showed superior performances upon comparison with Serum neutralization test (SNT). This ELISA also showed reliable detection of FAdV specific antibodies in experimentally infected and vaccinated chickens. This assay produced good correlation on the samples collected from the field with SNT and found essential for large scale serology of the FAdV. No cross reactivity was observed in the ELISA following the testing of the serum samples of different other avian pathogens which showed that this ELISA is specific in detecting the FAdV infection. In conclusion, the developed Fiber protein ELISA is highly sensitive and specific in the detecting the FAdV infection and can be utilized for large scale sero-epidemiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Ather
- College of Biological Sciences, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology college, (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan; Vaccine Development Group, Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang road, P.O Box 128, Faisalabad, 38000., Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashir Zia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Mudasser Habib
- College of Biological Sciences, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology college, (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan; Vaccine Development Group, Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang road, P.O Box 128, Faisalabad, 38000., Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salah-Ud-Din Shah
- College of Biological Sciences, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology college, (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan; Vaccine Development Group, Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang road, P.O Box 128, Faisalabad, 38000., Pakistan.
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3
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Chen C, Su J, Lu M, Xu L, Yan R, Li X, Song X. Protective efficacy of multiepitope vaccines constructed from common antigens of Eimeria species in chickens. Vet Res 2023; 54:119. [PMID: 38093398 PMCID: PMC10720236 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical avian coccidiosis is typically caused by coinfection with several Eimeria species. Recombinant protein and DNA vaccines have shown promise in controlling coccidiosis. On this basis, DNA vaccines that encode multiple epitopes from different Eimeria species may provide broad protection against coinfections. In this study, we designed a fusion gene fragment, 14EGT, that contained concentrated T-cell epitopes from four common antigens of Eimeria species (14-3-3, elongation factor 2, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and transhydrogenase). The multiepitope DNA vaccine pVAX1-14EGT and recombinant protein vaccine pET-32a-14EGT (r14EGT) were then created based on the 14EGT fragment. Subsequently, cellular and humoral immune responses were measured in vaccinated chickens. Vaccination-challenge trials were also conducted, where the birds were vaccinated with the 14EGT preparations and later exposed to single or multiple Eimeria species to evaluate the protective efficacy of the vaccines. According to the results, vaccination with 14EGT preparations effectively increased the proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the levels of Th1 and Th2 hallmark cytokines. The levels of serum IgG antibodies were also significantly increased. Animal vaccination trials revealed alleviated enteric lesions, weight loss, and oocyst output compared to those of the control groups. The preparations were found to be moderately effective against single Eimeria species, with the anticoccidial index (ACI) ranging from 160 to 180. However, after challenge with multiple Eimeria species, the protection provided by the 14EGT preparations was not satisfactory, with ACI values of 142.18 and 146.41. Collectively, the results suggest that a multiepitope vaccine that encodes the T-cell epitopes of common antigens derived from Eimeria parasites could be a potential and effective strategy to control avian coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Junzhi Su
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingmin Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Tataje-Lavanda L, Málaga E, Verastegui M, Mayta Huatuco E, Icochea E, Fernández-Díaz M, Zimic M. Identification and evaluation in-vitro of conserved peptides with high affinity to MHC-I as potential protective epitopes for Newcastle disease virus vaccines. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:196. [PMID: 37805566 PMCID: PMC10559636 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newcastle disease (ND) is a major threat to the poultry industry, leading to significant economic losses. The current ND vaccines, usually based on active or attenuated strains, are only partially effective and can cause adverse effects post-vaccination. Therefore, the development of safer and more efficient vaccines is necessary. Epitopes represent the antigenic portion of the pathogen and their identification and use for immunization could lead to safer and more effective vaccines. However, the prediction of protective epitopes for a pathogen is a major challenge, especially taking into account the immune system of the target species. RESULTS In this study, we utilized an artificial intelligence algorithm to predict ND virus (NDV) peptides that exhibit high affinity to the chicken MHC-I complex. We selected the peptides that are conserved across different NDV genotypes and absent in the chicken proteome. From the filtered peptides, we synthesized the five peptides with the highest affinities for the L, HN, and F proteins of NDV. We evaluated these peptides in-vitro for their ability to elicit cell-mediated immunity, which was measured by the lymphocyte proliferation in spleen cells of chickens previously immunized with NDV. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified five peptides with high affinity to MHC-I that have the potential to serve as protective epitopes and could be utilized for the development of multi-epitope NDV vaccines. This approach can provide a safer and more efficient method for NDV immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Tataje-Lavanda
- Research and Development Laboratories, FARVET SAC, Chincha Alta, Ica, Peru.
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
- School of Human Medicine, Private University San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru.
| | - Edith Málaga
- Research Laboratory On Infectious Diseases, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Peru
| | - Manuela Verastegui
- Research Laboratory On Infectious Diseases, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Peru
| | - Egma Mayta Huatuco
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Eliana Icochea
- Avian Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Mirko Zimic
- Research and Development Laboratories, FARVET SAC, Chincha Alta, Ica, Peru
- Bioinformatics, Molecular Biology, and Technological Developments Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Peru
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Tufail S, Shah MA, Asif TA, Ullah R, Shehzad A, Ismat F, Shah MS, Habib M, Calisto BM, Mirza O, Iqbal M, Rahman M. Highly soluble and stable ‘insertion domain’ of the capsid penton base protein provides complete protection against infections caused by fowl adenoviruses. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Proteome Exploration of
Legionella pneumophila
To Identify Novel Therapeutics: a Hierarchical Subtractive Genomics and Reverse Vaccinology Approach. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0037322. [PMID: 35863001 PMCID: PMC9430848 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00373-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila
is a human pathogen distributed worldwide, causing Legionnaires’ disease (LD), a severe form of pneumonia and respiratory tract infection.
L. pneumophila
is emerging as an antibiotic-resistant strain, and controlling LD is now difficult. Hence, developing novel drugs and vaccines against
L. pneumophila
is a major research priority.
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Design of a Multiepitope Vaccine against Chicken Anemia Virus Disease. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071456. [PMID: 35891436 PMCID: PMC9318905 DOI: 10.3390/v14071456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) causes severe clinical and sub-clinical infection in poultry globally and thus leads to economic losses. The drawbacks of the commercially available vaccines against CAV disease signal the need for a novel, safe, and effective vaccine design. In this study, a multiepitope vaccine (MEV) consisting of T-cell and B-cell epitopes from CAV viral proteins (VP1 and VP2) was computationally constructed with the help of linkers and adjuvant. The 3D model of the MEV construct was refined and validated by different online bioinformatics tools. Molecular docking showed stable interaction of the MEV construct with TLR3, and this was confirmed by Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Codon optimization and in silico cloning of the vaccine in pET-28a (+) vector also showed its potential expression in the E. coli K12 system. The immune simulation also indicated the ability of this vaccine to induce an effective immune response against this virus. Although the vaccine in this study was computationally constructed and still requires further in vivo study to confirm its effectiveness, this study marks a very important step towards designing a potential vaccine against CAV disease.
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Liu A, Zhang Y, Cui H, Wang X, Gao Y, Pan Q. Advances in Vaccine Development of the Emerging Novel Genotype Fowl Adenovirus 4. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916290. [PMID: 35669788 PMCID: PMC9163660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) was first reported in Angara Goth, Pakistan, in 1987. For this reason, it is also known as “Angara disease.” It was later reported in China, Japan, South Korea, India, the United States, Canada, and other countries and regions, causing huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Notably, since June 2015, a natural outbreak of severe hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS), associated with a hypervirulent novel genotype FAdV-4 infection, has emerged in most provinces of China. The novel virus FAdV-4 spread rapidly and induced a 30-100% mortality rate, causing huge economic losses and threatening the green and healthy poultry breeding industry. Vaccines against FAdV-4, especially the emerging novel genotype, play a critical role and will be the most efficient tool for preventing and controlling HHS. Various types of FAdV-4 vaccines have been developed and evaluated, such as inactivated, live-attenuated, subunit, and combined vaccines. They have made great contributions to the control of HHS, but the details of cross-protection within FAdVs and the immunogenicity of different vaccines require further investigation. This review highlights the recent advances in developing the FAdV-4 vaccine and promising new vaccines for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Pan, ; Yulong Gao,
| | - Qing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Pan, ; Yulong Gao,
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9
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Importin alpha 1 is required for the nucleus entry of Fowl Adenovirus serotype 4 Fiber-1 protein. Vet Microbiol 2022; 266:109351. [PMID: 35121306 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fiber-1 protein (F1) is the structural protein of Fowl Adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), which could recondite the receptors of host cytomembrane. In this study, we firstly determined that F1 protein located in nucleus of LMH cells after infection with FAdV-4. We additionally revealed that F1 protein had a classic NLS, and the NLS was required for F1 nucleus entry, which was intently associated to the 26th Pro in NLS. The time rule result indicated that some F1 proteins firstly positioned in the nucleus 6 h posttranfection, and it entirely located in the nucleus 12 h posttranfection, then it ordinarily placed in cytoplasm 18 h posttranfection by means of microscopic fluorescence observation and Western Blotting. Then after transfection with pCI-neo-flag-F1 or infection with FAdV-4, the importin alpha 1 was once investigated whether or not it was required for F1 protein nucleus entry through immunofluorescence and/or Co-IP, results demonstrated that the F1 protein and importin alpha 1 co-located in the nucleus 6 h and 12 h posttranfection. The tiers of F1 protein vicinity in nucleus have been additionally investigated after knockdown expression or overexpression of importin alpha 1, and the results further revealed that importin alpha 1 used to be required for F1 protein nucleus entry. Finally, the function of F1 protein nucleus entry was investigated by qPCR, RT-PCR and Western Blotting, and the results revealed that F1 protein nucleus location was conducive to the proliferation of FAdV-4. In summary, we firstly reveal that the F1 protein of FAdV-4 locates in nucleus infected with FAdV-4, and confirm that importin alpha 1 binds to the NLS of F1 protein to nucleus localization, which promotes the proliferation of FAdV-4.
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10
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Mugunthan SP, Mani Chandra H. A Computational Reverse Vaccinology Approach for the Design and Development of Multi-Epitopic Vaccine Against Avian Pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:721061. [PMID: 34765664 PMCID: PMC8577832 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.721061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian mycoplasma is a bacterial disease causing chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in poultry industries with high economic losses. The eradication of this disease still remains as a challenge. A multi-epitope prophylactic vaccine aiming the antigenic proteins of Mycoplasma gallisepticum can be a capable candidate to eradicate this infection. The present study is focused to design a multi-epitope vaccine candidate consisting of cytotoxic T-cell (CTL), helper T-cell (HTL), and B-cell epitopes of antigenic proteins, using immunoinformatics strategies. The multi-epitopic vaccine was designed, and its tertiary model was predcited, which was further refined and validated by computational tools. After initial validation, molecular docking was performed between multi-epitope vaccine construct and chicken TLR-2 and 5 receptors, which predicted effective binding. The in silico results specify the structural stability, precise specificity, and immunogenic response of the designed multi-epitope vaccine, and it could be an appropriate vaccine candidate for the M. gallisepticum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harish Mani Chandra
- Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Farming Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, India
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11
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Madlala T, Adeleke VT, Fatoba AJ, Okpeku M, Adeniyi AA, Adeleke MA. Designing multiepitope-based vaccine against Eimeria from immune mapped protein 1 (IMP-1) antigen using immunoinformatic approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18295. [PMID: 34521964 PMCID: PMC8440781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance against coccidiosis has posed a significant threat to chicken welfare and productivity worldwide, putting daunting pressure on the poultry industry to reduce the use of chemoprophylactic drugs and live vaccines in poultry to treat intestinal diseases. Chicken coccidiosis, caused by an apicomplexan parasite of Eimeria spp., is a significant challenge worldwide. Due to the experience of economic loss in production and prevention of the disease, development of cost-effective vaccines or drugs that can stimulate defence against multiple Eimeria species is imperative to control coccidiosis. This study explored Eimeria immune mapped protein-1 (IMP-1) to develop a multiepitope-based vaccine against coccidiosis by identifying antigenic T-cell and B-cell epitope candidates through immunoinformatic techniques. This resulted in the design of 7 CD8+, 21 CD4+ T-cell epitopes and 6 B-cell epitopes, connected using AAY, GPGPG and KK linkers to form a vaccine construct. A Cholera Toxin B (CTB) adjuvant was attached to the N-terminal of the multiepitope construct to improve the immunogenicity of the vaccine. The designed vaccine was assessed for immunogenicity (8.59968), allergenicity and physiochemical parameters, which revealed the construct molecular weight of 73.25 kDa, theoretical pI of 8.23 and instability index of 33.40. Molecular docking simulation of vaccine with TLR-5 with binding affinity of - 151.893 kcal/mol revealed good structural interaction and stability of protein structure of vaccine construct. The designed vaccine predicts the induction of immunity and boosted host's immune system through production of antibodies and cytokines, vital in hindering surface entry of parasites into host. This is a very important step in vaccine development though further experimental study is still required to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabile Madlala
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Victoria T. Adeleke
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Discipline of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard Campus, Durban, 4041 South Africa
| | - Abiodun J. Fatoba
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Moses Okpeku
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Adebayo A. Adeniyi
- grid.412219.d0000 0001 2284 638XDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa ,grid.448729.40000 0004 6023 8256Department of Industrial Chemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Matthew A. Adeleke
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000 South Africa
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12
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Mugunthan SP, Harish MC. Multi-epitope-Based Vaccine Designed by Targeting Cytoadherence Proteins of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13742-13755. [PMID: 34095666 PMCID: PMC8173551 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes chronic respiratory disease in chickens leading to large economic losses in the poultry industry, and the impacts remain to be a great challenge for a longer period. Among the other approaches, a vaccine targeting the adhesion proteins of M. gallisepticum would be a promising candidate in controlling the infection. Thus, the present study is aimed to design a multi-epitope vaccine candidate using cytoadhesion proteins of M. gallisepticum through an advanced immunoinformatics approach. As a result, the multi-epitope vaccine was constructed, which comprised potential T-cell and B-cell binding epitopes with appropriate adjuvants. The designed multi-epitope vaccine represented high antigenicity with viable physiochemical properties. The prospective three-dimensional structure of the epitope was predicted, refined, and validated. The molecular docking analysis of multi-epitope vaccine candidates with the chicken Toll-like receptor-5 predicted effective binding. Furthermore, codon optimization and in silico cloning ensured high expression. Thus, the present finding indicates that the engineered multi-epitope vaccine is structurally stable and can induce a strong immune response. Furthermore, the multi-epitope vaccine is suggested to be a suitable vaccine candidate for the M. gallisepticum infection due to its effective binding capacity and precise specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susithra Priyadarshni Mugunthan
- Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Farming Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mani Chandra Harish
- Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Farming Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632115, Tamil Nadu, India
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Tufail S, Shah MA, Zafar M, Asif TA, Shehzad A, Shah MS, Habib M, Saleemi MK, Muddassar M, Mirza O, Iqbal M, Rahman M. Identification of potent epitopes on hexon capsid protein and their evaluation as vaccine candidates against infections caused by members of Adenoviridae family. Vaccine 2021; 39:3560-3564. [PMID: 34030897 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses cause economically important diseases in vertebrates. Effective vaccines against adenoviral diseases are currently lacking. Here, we report a highly conserved epitopic region on hexon proteins of adenoviruses that generate a strong immune response when used as a virus-like-particle (VLP) vaccine, produced by inserting the epitopic region into the core protein of hepatitis B virus. For evaluation of its protective efficacy, the epitopic region from a representative adenovirus, fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), was tested as a VLP vaccine which conferred 90% protection against challenge with a virulent FAdV-4 isolate in chickens. Importantly, such a high level of protection is not achieved when the epitopic region is employed as a part of a subunit vaccine. As the sequence and the structure of the epitopic region are highly conserved in hexon proteins of adenoviruses, the epitopic region could be employed as a promising VLP vaccine candidate against adenoviral diseases, in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soban Tufail
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Majid Ali Shah
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Zafar
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Ali Asif
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salahuddin Shah
- Vaccine Development group, Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mudasser Habib
- Vaccine Development group, Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Saleemi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muddassar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS-University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Osman Mirza
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Moazur Rahman
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan; School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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14
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Zafar M, Shah MA, Shehzad A, Tariq A, Habib M, Muddassar M, Shah MS, Iqbal M, Hemmatzadeh F, Rahman M. Characterization of the highly immunogenic VP2 protrusion domain as a diagnostic antigen for members of Birnaviridae family. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3391-3402. [PMID: 32088761 PMCID: PMC7222154 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Birnaviridae is a family of viruses (birnaviruses) which consists of four genera, members of which cause diseases in fish, birds, mollusks, and insects. The genome of birnaviruses encodes the highly immunogenic VP2 capsid protein. In order to demonstrate that the VP2 protein can be exploited as a diagnostic antigen for birnaviruses, we developed a lateral flow assay based on the surface-exposed VP2 protrusion domain of a representative birnavirus, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) of serotype 1 which causes the highly devastating infectious bursal disease in chickens. The biophysical characterization of the purified domain reveals that the domain predominantly consists of β-sheets, exists in a trimeric form, and remains folded at high temperatures, making it suitable for diagnostic purposes. Owing to its highly immunogenic nature and excellent biophysical properties, we employed the VP2 protrusion domain in a gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow assay for rapid detection of anti-IBDV antibodies in serum samples of infected chickens. Our results indicate that the domain binds anti-IBDV antibodies with high specificity during laboratory testing and on-site testing. The lateral flow assay reported here yields comparable results in a qualitative manner as obtained through a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As VP2 is a common capsid protein of birnaviruses, the lateral flow assay can be generalized for other birnaviruses, and members of Tetraviridae and Nodaviridae families which contain homologous VP2 capsid proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zafar
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.,School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia,, 5371, Australia
| | - Majid Ali Shah
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anam Tariq
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mudasser Habib
- Vaccine Development Group, Animal Sciences Division, NIAB, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muddassar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS-University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhid Hemmatzadeh
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia,, 5371, Australia.
| | - Moazur Rahman
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan. .,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan. .,School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia,, 5371, Australia.
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