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Xu XJ, Sun XJ, Liu CJ, Chen XZ, Zhu Q, Tian YP, Li XD. Development of an attenuated potato virus Y mutant carrying multiple mutations in helper-component protease for cross-protection. Virus Res 2024; 344:199369. [PMID: 38608732 PMCID: PMC11035042 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is one of the major cash crops in China. Potato virus Y (PVY), a representative member of the genus Potyvirus, greatly reduces the quality and yield of tobacco leaves by inducing veinal necrosis. Mild strain-mediated cross-protection is an attractive method of controlling diseases caused by PVY. Currently, there is a lack of effective and stable attenuated PVY mutants. Potyviral helper component-protease (HC-Pro) is a likely target for the development of mild strains. Our previous studies showed that the residues lysine at positions 124 and 182 (K124 and K182) in HC-Pro were involved in PVY virulence, and the conserved KITC motif in HC-Pro was involved in aphid transmission. In this study, to improve the stability of PVY mild strains, K at position 50 (K50) in KITC motif, K124, and K182 were separately substituted with glutamic acid (E), leucine (L), and arginine (R), resulting in a triple-mutant PVY-HCELR. The mutant PVY-HCELR had attenuated virulence and did not induce leaf veinal necrosis symptoms in tobacco plants and could not be transmitted by Myzus persicae. Furthermore, PVY-HCELR mutant was genetically stable after six serial passages, and only caused mild mosaic symptoms in tobacco plants even at 90 days post inoculation. The tobacco plants cross-protected by PVY-HCELR mutant showed high resistance to the wild-type PVY. This study showed that PVY-HCELR mutant was a promising mild mutant for cross-protection to control PVY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Xu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China; Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xu-Jie Sun
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chun-Ju Liu
- Weifang Tobacco Corporation, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Xiu-Zhai Chen
- Linyi Tobacco Corporation, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tian
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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Wei C, Zhao C, Li J, Li C, Song B, Song R. Innovative Arylimidazole-Fused Phytovirucides via Carbene-Catalyzed [3+4] Cycloaddition: Locking Viral Cell-To-Cell Movement by Out-Competing Virus Capsid-Host Interactions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309343. [PMID: 38477505 PMCID: PMC11109656 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The control of potato virus Y (PVY) induced crop failure is a challengeable issue in agricultural chemistry. Although many anti-PVY agents are designed to focus on the functionally important coat protein (CP) of virus, how these drugs act on CP to inactivate viral pathogenicity, remains largely unknown. Herein, a PVY CP inhibitor -3j (S) is disclosed, which is accessed by developing unusually efficient (up to 99% yield) and chemo-selective (> 99:1 er in most cases) carbene-catalyzed [3+4] cycloaddition reactions. Compound -3j bears a unique arylimidazole-fused diazepine skeleton and shows chirality-preferred performance against PVY. In addition, -3j (S) as a mediator allows ARG191 (R191) of CP to be identified as a key amino acid site responsible for intercellular movement of virions. R191 is further demonstrated to be critical for the interaction between PVY CP and the plant functional protein NtCPIP, enabling virions to cross plasmodesmata. This key step can be significantly inhibited through bonding with the -3j (S) to further impair pathogenic behaviors involving systemic infection and particle assembly. The study reveals the in-depth mechanism of action of antiviral agents targeting PVY CP, and contributes to new drug structures and synthetic strategies for PVY management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunle Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
| | - Chunni Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
| | - Jiao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
| | - Chunyi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
| | - Baoan Song
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
| | - Runjiang Song
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
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Wang S, Chen B, Ni S, Liang Y, Li Z. Efficient generation of recombinant eggplant mottled dwarf virus and expression of foreign proteins in solanaceous hosts. Virology 2024; 591:109980. [PMID: 38215560 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Reverse genetics systems have only been successfully developed for a few plant rhabdoviruses. Additional systems are needed for molecular virology studies of these diverse viruses and development of viral vectors for biotechnological applications. Eggplant mottled dwarf virus (EMDV) is responsible for significant agricultural losses in various crops throughout the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. In this study, we report efficient recovery of infectious EMDV from cloned DNAs and engineering of EMDV-based vectors for the expression of foreign proteins in tobacco, eggplant, pepper, and potato plants. Furthermore, we show that the EMDV-based vectors are capable of simultaneously expressing multiple foreign proteins. The developed EMDV reverse genetics system offers a versatile tool for studying virus pathology and plant-virus interactions and for expressing foreign proteins in a range of solanaceous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Zarzyńska-Nowak A, Minicka J, Wieczorek P, Hasiów-Jaroszewska B. Development of Stable Infectious cDNA Clones of Tomato Black Ring Virus Tagged with Green Fluorescent Protein. Viruses 2024; 16:125. [PMID: 38257825 PMCID: PMC10819210 DOI: 10.3390/v16010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) is a member of the Nepovirus genus in the Secoviridae family, which infects a wide range of important crop species worldwide. In this work, we constructed four cDNA infectious clones of the TBRV tagged with the green fluorescent protein (TBRV-GFP), which varied in (i) the length of the sequences flanking the GFP insert, (ii) the position of the GFP insert within the RNA2 polyprotein, and (iii) the addition of a self-cutting 2A protein. The presence of the GFP coding sequence in infected plants was verified by RT-PCR, while the infectivity and stability of the constructs were verified by mechanical inoculation of the host plants. The systemic spread of TBRV-GFP within plants was observed under UV light at a macroscopic level, monitoring GFP-derived fluorescence in leaves, and at a microscopic level using confocal microscopy. The obtained clones are a valuable tool for future studies of TBRV-host interactions, virus biology, and the long-term monitoring of its distribution in infected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zarzyńska-Nowak
- Department of Virology and Bacteriology, Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Wladyslawa Wegorka 20, 60-318 Poznan, Poland; (J.M.); (B.H.-J.)
| | - Julia Minicka
- Department of Virology and Bacteriology, Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Wladyslawa Wegorka 20, 60-318 Poznan, Poland; (J.M.); (B.H.-J.)
| | - Przemysław Wieczorek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Wladyslawa Wegorka 20, 60-318 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska
- Department of Virology and Bacteriology, Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Wladyslawa Wegorka 20, 60-318 Poznan, Poland; (J.M.); (B.H.-J.)
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Shang K, Xu Y, Cao W, Xie X, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Liu H, Zhou S, Zhu X, Zhu C. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) non-specific lipid transfer protein StLTP6 promotes viral infection by inhibiting virus-induced RNA silencing. PLANTA 2022; 256:54. [PMID: 35927530 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For the first time it is reported that members of the nsLTP protein family could promote viral infection by inhibiting virus-induced RNA silencing. Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are a class of soluble proteins with low relative molecular weight and widely present in higher plants. The role of nsLTPs in biotic and abiotic stresses has been studied, but no report has shown that nsLTPs play a role in the process of viral infection. We report the function and mechanism of the classical nsLTP protein StLTP6 in viral infection. We found that StLTP6 expression was remarkably upregulated in potato infected with potato virus Y and potato virus S. The infection efficiency and virus content of StLTP6-overexpressed potato and Nicotiana benthamiana were remarkable increased. Further study found that the overexpression of StLTP6 inhibited the expression of multiple genes in the RNA silencing pathway, thereby inhibiting virus-induced RNA silencing. This result indicated that StLTP6 expression was induced during viral infection to inhibit the resistance of virus-induced RNA silencing and promote viral infection. In summary, we reported the role of StLTP6 in viral infection, broadening the biological function range of the nsLTP family and providing valuable information for the study of viral infection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Weilin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shumei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Changxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Xu XJ, Zhu Q, Jiang SY, Yan ZY, Geng C, Tian YP, Li XD. Development and Evaluation of Stable Sugarcane Mosaic Virus Mild Mutants for Cross-Protection Against Infection by Severe Strain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:788963. [PMID: 34975975 PMCID: PMC8718998 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.788963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV; genus Potyvirus) induces maize dwarf mosaic disease that has caused serious yield losses of maize in China. Cross-protection is one of the efficient strategies to fight against severe virus strains. Although many mild strains have been identified, the spontaneous mutation is one of the challenging problems affecting their application in cross-protection. In this study, we found that the substitution of cysteine (C) at positions 57 or 60 in the zinc finger-like motif of HC-Pro with alanine (A; C57A or C60A) significantly reduced its RNA silencing suppression activity and SCMV virulence. To reduce the risk of mild strains mutating to virulent ones by reverse or complementary mutations, we obtained attenuated SCMV mutants with double-mutations in the zinc finger-like and FRNK motifs of HC-Pro and evaluated their potential application in cross-protection. The results showed that the maize plants infected with FKNK/C60A double-mutant showed symptomless until 95 days post-inoculation and FKNK/C60A cross-protected plants displayed high resistance to severe SCMV strain. This study provides theoretical and material bases for the control of SCMV through cross-protection.
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Evans JD, Banmeke O, Palmer-Young EC, Chen Y, Ryabov EV. Beeporter: Tools for high-throughput analyses of pollinator-virus infections. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:978-987. [PMID: 34612590 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pollinators are in decline thanks to the combined stresses of disease, pesticides, habitat loss, and climate. Honey bees face numerous pests and pathogens but arguably none are as devastating as Deformed wing virus (DWV). Understanding host-pathogen interactions and virulence of DWV in honey bees is slowed by the lack of cost-effective high-throughput screening methods for viral infection. Currently, analysis of virus infection in bees and their colonies is tedious, requiring a well-equipped molecular biology laboratory and the use of hazardous chemicals. Here we describe virus clones tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or nanoluciferase (nLuc) that provide high-throughput detection and quantification of virus infections. GFP fluorescence is measured noninvasively in living bees via commonly available long-wave UV light sources and a smartphone camera, or a standard ultraviolet transilluminator gel imaging system. Nonlethal monitoring with GFP allows continuous screening of virus growth and serves as a direct breeding tool for identifying honey bee parents with increased antiviral resistance. Expression using the nLuc reporter strongly correlates with virus infection levels and is especially sensitive. Using multiple reporters, it is also possible to visualize competition, differential virulence, and host tissue targeting by co-occuring pathogens. Finally, it is possible to directly assess the risk of cross-species "spillover" from honey bees to other pollinators and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay D Evans
- Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Olubukola Banmeke
- Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Evan C Palmer-Young
- Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanping Chen
- Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Eugene V Ryabov
- Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
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Cheng DJ, Xu XJ, Yan ZY, Tettey CK, Fang L, Yang GL, Geng C, Tian YP, Li XD. The chloroplast ribosomal protein large subunit 1 interacts with viral polymerase and promotes virus infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:174-186. [PMID: 34618134 PMCID: PMC8418413 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts play an indispensable role in the arms race between plant viruses and hosts. Chloroplast proteins are often recruited by plant viruses to support viral replication and movement. However, the mechanism by which chloroplast proteins regulate potyvirus infection remains largely unknown. In this study, we observed that Nicotiana benthamiana ribosomal protein large subunit 1 (NbRPL1), a chloroplast ribosomal protein, localized to the chloroplasts via its N-terminal 61 amino acids (transit peptide), and interacted with tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV) nuclear inclusion protein b (NIb), an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Upon TVBMV infection, NbRPL1 was recruited into the 6K2-induced viral replication complexes in chloroplasts. Silencing of NbRPL1 expression reduced TVBMV replication. NbRPL1 competed with NbBeclin1 to bind NIb, and reduced the NbBeclin1-mediated degradation of NIb. Therefore, our results suggest that NbRPL1 interacts with NIb in the chloroplasts, reduces NbBeclin1-mediated NIb degradation, and enhances TVBMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Jie Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Carlos Kwesi Tettey
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Le Fang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Guang-Ling Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
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Xu XJ, Li HG, Cheng DJ, Liu LZ, Geng C, Tian YP, Li XD. A Spontaneous Complementary Mutation Restores the RNA Silencing Suppression Activity of HC-Pro and the Virulence of Sugarcane Mosaic Virus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1279. [PMID: 32973838 PMCID: PMC7472499 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cross-protection is a promising measure to control plant viral diseases. Reverse genetics had been recently adopted to generate attenuated mutants that have potential in cross-protection. But studies on the variability of the progeny viruses of the attenuated mutants are scarce. Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) is the prevalent virus inducing maize dwarf mosaic disease in China. Here, we showed that the substitution of arginine with isoleucine in the FRNK motif at position 184 of helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) abolished its RNA silencing suppression (RSS) activity, drastically reduced the virulence and accumulation level of SCMV, and impaired the synergism between SCMV and maize chlorotic mottle virus. The attenuated mutant could protect maize plants from a severe infection of SCMV. However, a spontaneous mutation of glycine at position 440 to arginine in HC-Pro rescued the virulence and synergism with maize chlorotic mottle virus of SCMV and the RSS activity of HC-Pro. Similar results were obtained with tobacco vein banding mosaic virus and watermelon mosaic virus. These results provide novel evidence for the complementary mutation of potyviruses in maintaining the HC-Pro RSS activity and potyviral virulence and remind us of evaluating the potential risk of attenuated mutants thoroughly before applying for the control of plant viral diseases via cross-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Xu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Huan-Gai Li
- Protein Science Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - De-Jie Cheng
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tian
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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