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Zarzyńska-Nowak A, Minicka J, Wieczorek P, Hasiów-Jaroszewska B. Development of Stable Infectious cDNA Clones of Tomato Black Ring Virus Tagged with Green Fluorescent Protein. Viruses 2024; 16:125. [PMID: 38257825 PMCID: PMC10819210 DOI: 10.3390/v16010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) is a member of the Nepovirus genus in the Secoviridae family, which infects a wide range of important crop species worldwide. In this work, we constructed four cDNA infectious clones of the TBRV tagged with the green fluorescent protein (TBRV-GFP), which varied in (i) the length of the sequences flanking the GFP insert, (ii) the position of the GFP insert within the RNA2 polyprotein, and (iii) the addition of a self-cutting 2A protein. The presence of the GFP coding sequence in infected plants was verified by RT-PCR, while the infectivity and stability of the constructs were verified by mechanical inoculation of the host plants. The systemic spread of TBRV-GFP within plants was observed under UV light at a macroscopic level, monitoring GFP-derived fluorescence in leaves, and at a microscopic level using confocal microscopy. The obtained clones are a valuable tool for future studies of TBRV-host interactions, virus biology, and the long-term monitoring of its distribution in infected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zarzyńska-Nowak
- Department of Virology and Bacteriology, Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Wladyslawa Wegorka 20, 60-318 Poznan, Poland; (J.M.); (B.H.-J.)
| | - Julia Minicka
- Department of Virology and Bacteriology, Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Wladyslawa Wegorka 20, 60-318 Poznan, Poland; (J.M.); (B.H.-J.)
| | - Przemysław Wieczorek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Wladyslawa Wegorka 20, 60-318 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska
- Department of Virology and Bacteriology, Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Wladyslawa Wegorka 20, 60-318 Poznan, Poland; (J.M.); (B.H.-J.)
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Piao M, Zou J, Li Z, Zhang J, Yang L, Yao N, Li Y, Li Y, Tang H, Zhang L, Yang D, Yang Z, Du X, Zuo Z. The Arabidopsis HY2 Gene Acts as a Positive Regulator of NaCl Signaling during Seed Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169009. [PMID: 34445714 PMCID: PMC8396667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochromobilin (PΦB) participates in the regulation of plant growth and development as an important synthetase of photoreceptor phytochromes (phy). In addition, Arabidopsis long hypocotyl 2 (HY2) appropriately works as a key PΦB synthetase. However, whether HY2 takes part in the plant stress response signal network remains unknown. Here, we described the function of HY2 in NaCl signaling. The hy2 mutant was NaCl-insensitive, whereas HY2-overexpressing lines showed NaCl-hypersensitive phenotypes during seed germination. The exogenous NaCl induced the transcription and the protein level of HY2, which positively mediated the expression of downstream stress-related genes of RD29A, RD29B, and DREB2A. Further quantitative proteomics showed the patterns of 7391 proteins under salt stress. HY2 was then found to specifically mediate 215 differentially regulated proteins (DRPs), which, according to GO enrichment analysis, were mainly involved in ion homeostasis, flavonoid biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, hormone response (SA, JA, ABA, ethylene), the reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic pathway, photosynthesis, and detoxification pathways to respond to salt stress. More importantly, ANNAT1–ANNAT2–ANNAT3–ANNAT4 and GSTU19–GSTF10–RPL5A–RPL5B–AT2G32060, two protein interaction networks specifically regulated by HY2, jointly participated in the salt stress response. These results direct the pathway of HY2 participating in salt stress, and provide new insights for the plant to resist salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Piao
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (M.P.); (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (L.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (H.T.)
| | - Jinpeng Zou
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (H.T.)
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Zhifang Li
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (H.T.)
| | - Junchuan Zhang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (M.P.); (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (L.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (H.T.)
| | - Liang Yang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (M.P.); (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (L.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (H.T.)
| | - Nan Yao
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (H.T.)
| | - Yuhong Li
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (H.T.)
| | - Yaxing Li
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (H.T.)
| | - Haohao Tang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (H.T.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (M.P.); (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (L.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (H.T.)
| | - Deguang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Zhenming Yang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (M.P.); (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (L.Z.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Xinglin Du
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (M.P.); (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (L.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zecheng Zuo
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (M.P.); (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (L.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (Z.Z.)
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