1
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Wang H, Mo Y, Liu W, He Q, Ren T, Ouyang K, Chen Y, Huang W, Wei Z. Construction and characterization of recombinant senecavirus A expressing secreted luciferase for antiviral screening. J Virol Methods 2024; 327:114932. [PMID: 38582378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a newly identified picornavirus associated with swine vesicular disease and neonatal mortality. The development of an SVA incorporating an exogenous reporter gene provides a powerful tool for viral research. In this study, we successfully constructed a recombinant SVA expressing Gaussia Luciferase (Gluc), termed rSVA-Gluc. The growth kinetics of rSVA-Gluc in BHK-21 cells were found to be comparable to those of the parental virus, and Gluc activity paralleled the virus growth curve. Genetic analysis revealed stable inheritance of the inserted reporter protein genes for at least six generations. We evaluated the utility of rSVA-Gluc in antiviral drug screening, and the results highlighted its potential as an effective tool for such purposes against SVA. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yongfang Mo
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Qijie He
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Tongwei Ren
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zuzhang Wei
- Laboratory of Animal infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530005, China.
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2
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Chu H, Wang L, Wang J, Zhang Y, Jin N, Liu F, Li Y. Genomic profile of eGFP-tagged senecavirus A subjected to serial plaque-to-plaque transfers. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106661. [PMID: 38657711 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) belongs to the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae. This virus possesses a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, approximately 7200 nt in length, composed of a single 5' untranslated region, encoding region and 3' untranslated region. In this study, a recombinant SVA tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) sequence, rSVA-eGFP, was rescued from its cDNA clone using reverse genetics. The passage-5 (P5) rSVA-eGFP was totally subjected to 55 rounds of consecutive fluorescent plaque-to-fluorescent plaque (FP-FP) transfers, and one extra common passaging in vitro. The P61 viral stock was analyzed by next-generation sequencing. The result showed ten single-nucleotide mutations (SNMs) in the rSVA-eGFP genome, including nine transitions and only one transversion. The P61 progeny still showed a complete eGFP sequence, indicating no occurrence of copy-choice recombination within the eGFP region during serial FP-FP transfers. In other words, this progeny was genetically deficient in the recombination of eGFP sequence (RES), namely, an RES-deficient strain. Out of ten SNMs, three were missense mutations, leading to single-amino acid mutations (SAAMs): F15V in L protein, A74T in VP2, and E53R in 3D protein. The E53R was predicted to be spatially adjacent to the RNA channel of 3D protein, perhaps involved in the emergence of RES-deficient strain. In conclusion, this study uncovered a global landscape of rSVA-eGFP genome after serial FP-FP transfers, and moreover shed light on a putative SAAM possibly related to the RES-deficient mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ling Wang
- University Hospital, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Fuxiao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Qingdao Center for Animal Disease Control & Prevention, Qingdao, 266199, China.
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3
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Sakhi H, Arabi M, Ghaemi A, Movafagh A, Sheikhpour M. Oncolytic viruses in lung cancer treatment: a review article. Immunotherapy 2024; 16:75-97. [PMID: 38112057 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2023-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has a high morbidity rate worldwide due to its resistance to therapy. So new treatment options are needed to improve the outcomes of lung cancer treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oncolytic viruses (OVs) as a new type of cancer treatment. In this study, 158 articles from PubMed and Scopus from 1994 to 2022 were reviewed on the effectiveness of OVs in the treatment of lung cancer. The oncolytic properties of eight categories of OVs and their interactions with treatment options were investigated. OVs can be applied as a promising immunotherapy option, as they are reproduced selectively in different types of cancer cells, cause tumor cell lysis and trigger efficient immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Sakhi
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Arabi
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Mojgan Sheikhpour
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
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4
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Wang Q, Meng H, Ge D, Shan H, Geri L, Liu F. Structural and nonstructural proteins of Senecavirus A: Recent research advances, and lessons learned from those of other picornaviruses. Virology 2023; 585:155-163. [PMID: 37348144 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging virus, causing vesicular disease in swine. SVA is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus, which is the only member of the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae. SVA genome encodes 12 proteins: L, VP4, VP2, VP3, VP1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D. The VP1 to VP4 are structural proteins, and the others are nonstructural proteins. The replication of SVA in host cells is a complex process coordinated by an elaborate interplay between the structural and nonstructural proteins. Structural proteins are primarily involved in the invasion and assembly of virions. Nonstructural proteins modulate viral RNA translation and replication, and also take part in antagonizing the antiviral host response and in disrupting some cellular processes to allow virus replication. Here, we systematically reviewed the molecular functions of SVA structural and nonstructural proteins by reference to literatures of SVA itself and other picornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China
| | - Hailan Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dong Ge
- Qingdao Lijian Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Qingdao, 266114, China
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Letu Geri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China.
| | - Fuxiao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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5
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Gong W, Zhao X, Tang X, Gao L, Sun Y, Ma J. Infectious Recombinant Senecavirus A Expressing p16 INK4A Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076139. [PMID: 37047110 PMCID: PMC10093924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is an oncolytic RNA virus, and it is the ideal oncolytic virus that can be genetically engineered for editing. However, there has not been much exploration into creating SVA viruses that carry antitumor genes to increase their oncolytic potential. The construction of SVA viruses carrying antitumor genes that enhance oncolytic potential has not been fully explored. In this study, a recombinant SVA-CH-01-2015 virus (p15A-SVA-clone) expressing the human p16INK4A protein, also known as cell cycle-dependent protein kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), was successfully rescued and characterized. The recombinant virus, called SVA-p16, exhibited similar viral replication kinetics to the parent virus, was genetically stable, and demonstrated enhanced antitumor effects in Ishikawa cells. Additionally, another recombinant SVA virus carrying a reporter gene (iLOV), SVA-iLOV, was constructed and identified using the same construction method as an auxiliary validation. Collectively, this study successfully created a new recombinant virus, SVA-p16, that showed increased antitumor effects and could serve as a model for further exploring the antitumor potential of SVA as an oncolytic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Long Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingyun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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6
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Wang Q, Zhao D, Wang L, Sang Y, Meng H, Wang Q, Shan H, Liu F, Geri L. Translation of Senecavirus A polyprotein is initiated from the IRES-proximal initiation codon. Virology 2023; 579:67-74. [PMID: 36608596 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To clarify whether Senecavirus A (SVA) has the potential of alternative translation, an extra G residue was inserted into an SVA cDNA clone, resultantly generating an "AUGAUG" motif. The second AUG is the authentic SVA initiation codon, whereas the first AUG is a putative one. Subsequently, eighteen nucleotides were inserted one by one between AUG and AUG for reconstructing cDNA clones. The test of virus recovery showed that three replication-competent SVAs, whose AUG/AUG-flanked sequences were not multiples of three nucleotides, were successfully rescued from their individual cDNA clones. The wild-type SVA possesses a UUUUU motif within the polyprotein-encoding region. Sanger sequencing showed that these three replication-competent SVAs harbored one or two extra U residues in the UUUUU motif, implying that polyprotein translation was initiated from the putative AUG, and the authentic AUG would be inactivated. This is probably attributed to the lack of ribosome scanning along an SVA genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China
| | - Di Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ling Wang
- University Hospital, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuxuan Sang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hailan Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Fuxiao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Letu Geri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China.
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7
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Experimental evidence for occurrence of putative copy-choice recombination between two Senecavirus A genomes. Vet Microbiol 2022; 271:109487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Liu F, Zhao D, Wang N, Li Z, Dong Y, Liu S, Zhang F, Cui J, Meng H, Ni B, Wei R, Shan H. Tolerance of Senecavirus A to Mutations in Its Kissing-Loop or Pseudoknot Structure Computationally Predicted in 3′ Untranslated Region. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:889480. [PMID: 35707163 PMCID: PMC9189406 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.889480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging virus that belongs to the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae. Its genome is a positive-sense and single-stranded RNA, containing two untranslated regions (UTRs). The 68-nt-long 3′ UTR is computationally predicted to possess two higher-order RNA structures: a kissing-loop interaction and an H-type-like pseudoknot, both of which, however, cannot coexist in the 3′ UTR. In this study, we constructed 17 full-length SVA cDNA clones (cD-1 to -17): the cD-1 to -7 contained different point mutations in a kissing-loop-forming motif (KLFM); the cD-8 to -17 harbored one single or multiple point mutations in a pseudoknot-forming motif (PFM). These 17 mutated cDNA clones were independently transfected into BSR-T7/5 cells for rescuing recombinant SVAs (rSVAs), named rSVA-1 to −17, corresponding to cD-1 to −17. The results showed that the rSVA-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -9, -13, and -15 were successfully rescued from their individual cDNA clones. Moreover, all mutated motifs were genetically stable during 10 viral passages in vitro. This study unveiled viral abilities of tolerating mutations in the computationally predicted KLFM or PFMs. It can be concluded that the putative kissing-loop structure, even if present in the 3′ UTR, is unnecessary for SVA replication. Alternatively, if the pseudoknot formation potentially occurs in the 3′ UTR, its deformation would have a lethal effect on SVA propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Surveillance Laboratory of Livestock Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaqin Dong
- Surveillance Laboratory of Livestock Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Surveillance Laboratory of Livestock Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Surveillance Laboratory of Livestock Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin Cui
- Surveillance Laboratory of Livestock Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Hailan Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Ni
- Surveillance Laboratory of Livestock Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
- Bo Ni,
| | - Rong Wei
- Surveillance Laboratory of Livestock Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
- Rong Wei,
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Hu Shan,
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9
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Luo D, Wang H, Wang Q, Liang W, Liu B, Xue D, Yang Y, Ma B. Senecavirus A as an Oncolytic Virus: Prospects, Challenges and Development Directions. Front Oncol 2022; 12:839536. [PMID: 35371972 PMCID: PMC8968071 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.839536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have the capacity to selectively kill infected tumor cells and trigger protective immunity. As such, oncolytic virotherapy has become a promising immunotherapy strategy against cancer. A variety of viruses from different families have been proven to have oncolytic potential. Senecavirus A (SVA) was the first picornavirus to be tested in humans for its oncolytic potential and was shown to penetrate solid tumors through the vascular system. SVA displays several properties that make it a suitable model, such as its inability to integrate into human genome DNA and the absence of any viral-encoded oncogenes. In addition, genetic engineering of SVA based on the manipulation of infectious clones facilitates the development of recombinant viruses with improved therapeutic indexes to satisfy the criteria of safety and efficacy regulations. This review summarizes the current knowledge and strategies of genetic engineering for SVA, and addresses the current challenges and future directions of SVA as an oncolytic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dankun Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenping Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Biao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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10
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Liu F, Ni B, Wei R. Senecavirus A- and Non-Infected Cells at Early Stage of Infection: Comparative Metabolomic Profiles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:736506. [PMID: 35071028 PMCID: PMC8776658 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.736506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), classified into the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae, causes an infectious disease in pigs. This virus can efficiently replicate in some non-pig-derived cells, such as the BHK cell line and its derivative (BSR-T7/5 cell line). We had recovered a wild-type SVA from its cDNA clone previously, and then uncovered the proteomic profile of SVA-infected BSR-T7/5 cells at 12 h post inoculation (hpi). In order to explore the cellular metabolomics further, the SVA-inoculated BSR-T7/5 cell monolayer was collected at 12 hpi for assay via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The resultant data set was comprehensively analyzed using bioinformatics tools. A total of 451 metabolites were identified using in-house and public databases. Out of these metabolites, sixty-one showed significantly differential values (p value < 0.05). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database was used to analyze metabolic pathways of the significantly differential metabolites. There were eighty-one identified KEGG pathways, out of which twenty-seven showed their p values < 0.05. The pyrimidine metabolism revealed the minimum p value and the maximum number of significantly differential metabolites, implying the pyrimidine played a key role in cellular metabolism after SVA infection. SVA replication must rely on the cellular metabolism. The present study on metabolomics would shed light on impacts of SVA-induced multiple interactions among metabolites on cells or even on natural hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Ni
- Surveillance Laboratory of Livestock Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Surveillance Laboratory of Livestock Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
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11
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Guo X, Zhao K, Liu X, Lei B, Zhang W, Li X, Yuan W. Construction and Generation of a Recombinant Senecavirus a Stably Expressing the NanoLuc Luciferase for Quantitative Antiviral Assay. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:745502. [PMID: 34659180 PMCID: PMC8517534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.745502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), also known as Seneca Valley virus, is a recently emerged picornavirus that can cause swine vesicular disease, posing a great threat to the global swine industry. A recombinant reporter virus (rSVA-Nluc) stably expressing the nanoluciferase (Nluc) gene between SVA 2A and 2B was developed to rapidly detect anti-SVA neutralizing antibodies and establish a high-throughput screen for antiviral agents. This recombinant virus displayed similar growth kinetics as the parental virus and remained stable for more than 10 passages in BHK-21 cells. As a proof-of-concept for its utility for rapid antiviral screening, this reporter virus was used to rapidly quantify anti-SVA neutralizing antibodies in 13 swine sera samples and screen for antiviral agents, including interferons ribavirin and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Subsequently, interfering RNAs targeting different regions of the SVA genome were screened using the reporter virus. This reporter virus (rSVA-Nluc) represents a useful tool for rapid and quantitative screening and evaluation of antivirals against SVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Guo
- College of Animal Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Kuan Zhao
- College of Animal Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- College of Animal Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Baishi Lei
- College of Animal Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wuchao Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- College of Animal Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Animal Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,North China Research Center of Animal Epidemic Pathogen Biology, China Agriculture Ministry, Baoding, China
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12
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Fang P, Zhang H, Sun H, Wang G, Xia S, Ren J, Zhang J, Tian L, Fang L, Xiao S. Construction, Characterization and Application of Recombinant Porcine Deltacoronavirus Expressing Nanoluciferase. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101991. [PMID: 34696421 PMCID: PMC8541611 DOI: 10.3390/v13101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus, causes diarrhoea in suckling piglets and has the potential for cross-species transmission. No effective PDCoV vaccines or antiviral drugs are currently available. Here, we successfully generated an infectious clone of PDCoV strain CHN-HN-2014 using a combination of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based reverse genetics system with a one-step homologous recombination. The recued virus (rCHN-HN-2014) possesses similar growth characteristics to the parental virus in vitro. Based on the established infectious clone and CRISPR/Cas9 technology, a PDCoV reporter virus expressing nanoluciferase (Nluc) was constructed by replacing the NS6 gene. Using two drugs, lycorine and resveratrol, we found that the Nluc reporter virus exhibited high sensibility and easy quantification to rapid antiviral screening. We further used the Nluc reporter virus to test the susceptibility of different cell lines to PDCoV and found that cell lines derived from various host species, including human, swine, cattle and monkey enables PDCoV replication, broadening our understanding of the PDCoV cell tropism range. Taken together, our reporter viruses are available to high throughput screening for antiviral drugs and uncover the infectivity of PDCoV in various cells, which will accelerate our understanding of PDCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puxian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.F.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (G.W.); (S.X.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (L.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huichang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.F.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (G.W.); (S.X.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (L.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - He Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.F.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (G.W.); (S.X.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (L.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.F.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (G.W.); (S.X.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (L.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sijin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.F.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (G.W.); (S.X.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (L.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.F.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (G.W.); (S.X.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (L.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.F.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (G.W.); (S.X.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (L.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.F.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (G.W.); (S.X.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (L.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.F.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (G.W.); (S.X.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (L.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.F.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (G.W.); (S.X.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (L.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8728-6884; Fax: +86-27-8728-2608
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Impacts of single nucleotide deletions from the 3' end of Senecavirus A 5' untranslated region on activity of viral IRES and on rescue of recombinant virus. Virology 2021; 563:126-133. [PMID: 34530232 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The 5' untranslated region (UTR) of Senecavirus A (SVA) harbors an internal ribosome entry site (IRES), in which a pseudoknot structure is upstream of start codon AUG. Wild-type SVAs have a highly conserved 13-nt-sequence between the pseudoknot stem II (PKS-II)-forming motif and the AUG. In this study, a single nucleotide was deleted one by one from the 13-nt-sequence within a wild-type SVA minigenome. The result showed that neither mono- nor multi-nucleotide deletions abolished the IRES activity. Furthermore, a single nucleotide was deleted one by one from the 13-nt-sequence within a full-length SVA cDNA clone. The result indicated that nucleotide-deleting SVAs could be rescued from 1- to 5-nt-deleting cDNA clones, whereas only the 1- and 2-nt-deleting viruses were genetically stable during nine serial passages in vitro. Additionally, only the 1-nt-deleting SVA showed similar growth kinetics to that of the wild-type virus, suggesting that the pseudoknot-AUG distance was crucial for SVA replication.
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14
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Liu F, Wang Q, Shan H. Rescue of dual reporter-tagged parainfluenza virus 5 as tool for rapid screening of antivirals in vitro. Vet Microbiol 2021; 259:109154. [PMID: 34237497 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) belongs to the genus Orthorubulavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. PIV5 can infect a range of mammals, but induce mild or even unobservable clinical signs in some animals, except kennel cough in dogs. It is also able to infect a variety of cell lines, but causes minimal or even invisible cytopathic effects on many cells. Sometimes, owing to neither observable cytopathic effects in vitro nor typical clinical signs in vivo, the PIV5 is not easily usable for screening antiviral drugs. To solve this issue, we used reverse genetics to recover a dual reporter-tagged recombinant PIV5 that could simultaneously express enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) and NanoLuc® luciferase (NLuc) in virus-infected cells. Both reporters were genetically stable during twenty serial passages of virus in MDBK cells. The eGFP allowed us to observe virus-infected MDBK cells in real time, and moreover the NLuc made it possible to quantify the degree of viral replication for determining antiviral activity of a given drug. Subsequently, the recombinant PIV5 was used for antiviral assays on five common drugs, i.e., ribavirin, apigenin, 1-adamantylamine hydrochloride, moroxydine hydrochloride and tea polyphenol. The results showed that only the ribavirin had an anti-PIV5 effect in MDBK cells. This study proposed a novel method for rapid screening (or prescreening) of anti-PIV5 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Qianqian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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15
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Comparative Proteomic Profiling: Cellular Metabolisms Are Mainly Affected in Senecavirus A-Inoculated Cells at an Early Stage of Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061036. [PMID: 34072643 PMCID: PMC8226903 DOI: 10.3390/v13061036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), also known as Seneca Valley virus, belongs to the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae. SVA can cause vesicular disease and epidemic transient neonatal losses in pigs. This virus efficiently propagates in some non-pig-derived cells, like the baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell line and its derivate (BSR-T7/5). Conventionally, a few proteins or only one protein is selected for exploiting a given mechanism concerning cellular regulation after SVA infection in vitro. Proteomics plays a vital role in the analysis of protein profiling, protein-protein interactions, and protein-directed metabolisms, among others. Tandem mass tag-labeled liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with the parallel reaction monitoring technique is increasingly used for proteomic research. In this study, this combined method was used to uncover separately proteomic profiles of SVA- and non-infected BSR-T7/5 cells. Furthermore, both proteomic profiles were compared with each other. The proteomic profiling showed that a total of 361 differentially expressed proteins were identified, out of which, 305 and 56 were upregulated and downregulated in SVA-infected cells at 12 h post-inoculation, respectively. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analyses showed that cellular metabolisms were affected mainly in SVA-inoculated cells at an early stage of infection. Therefore, an integrated metabolic atlas remains to be explored via metabolomic methods.
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16
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Liu F, Wang N, Huang Y, Wang Q, Shan H. Stem II-disrupting pseudoknot does not abolish ability of Senecavirus A IRES to initiate protein expression, but inhibits recovery of virus from cDNA clone. Vet Microbiol 2021; 255:109024. [PMID: 33713975 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is classified into the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae. Its genome is a positive-sense, single-stranded and nonsegmented RNA, approximately 7300 nucleotides in length. A picornaviral genome is essentially an mRNA, which, albeit unmodified with 5' cap structure, can still initiate protein expression by the internal ribosome entry site (IRES). The SVA genome contains a hepatitis C virus-like IRES, in which a pseudoknot structure plays an important role in initiating protein expression. In this study, we constructed a set of SVA (CH-LX-01-2016 strain) minigenomes with all combinations of point mutations in its pseudoknot stem II (PKS-II). The results showed that any combination of point mutations could not significantly interfere with the IRES to initiate protein expression. Further, we constructed a full-length SVA cDNA clone, in which the PKS-II-forming cDNA motif was subjected to site-directed mutagenesis for totally disrupting the PKS-II formation in IRES. Such a modified SVA cDNA clone was transfected into BSR-T7/5 cells, consequently demonstrating that the PKS-II-disrupting IRES interfered neither with protein expression nor with antigenome replication, whereas a competent SVA could not be rescued from the cDNA clone. It was speculated that the mutated motif possibly disrupted a packaging signal for virion assembly, therefore causing the failure of SVA rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yilan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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