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Shiga K, Miyaguchi S, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Transcranial direct current stimulation over the right intraparietal sulcus improves response inhibition. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114110. [PMID: 36096458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Various situations in our everyday life call for response inhibition, mechanisms deputed to outright stop an ongoing course of action. This function reportedly involves the activity of the right intraparietal sulcus (rIPS). This study aimed to determine whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) intervention to the rIPS alters response inhibition. We investigated 15 healthy adults performing a stop signal task before and after tDCS intervention. We applied tDCS with 1.5 mA to the rIPS directly above (P4) and the left supraorbital area for 20 min. The stimulation conditions involved Anodal, cathodal, and pseudo-stimulation. Each participant performed a stop signal task under all stimulation conditions. The changes in response inhibition function were evaluated by comparing the stop signal reaction times (SSRT) before and after the tDCS intervention. Under the Anodal condition, SSRT was significantly shorter after than before the intervention (p = 0.014). Under the Anodal and Cathodal conditions, we could observe a significantly positive correlation between the SSRT before the tDCS intervention and the difference in SSRT before and after tDCS intervention (Anodal condition: r = 0.823, p < 0.001; Cathodal condition: r = 0.831, p < 0.001). No such correlation could be found under the Sham condition. In summary, this study demonstrated that Anodal-tDCS intervention for rIPS improves response-inhibitory function and the stimulus effect depends on the response-inhibitory function of the participant prior to stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Shiga
- Graduate School, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.
| | - Shota Miyaguchi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Yasuto Inukai
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Naofumi Otsuru
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Hideaki Onishi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
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2
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Operto FF, Pastorino GMG, Stellato M, Morcaldi L, Vetri L, Carotenuto M, Viggiano A, Coppola G. Facial Emotion Recognition in Children and Adolescents with Specific Learning Disorder. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E473. [PMID: 32717966 PMCID: PMC7466138 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some recent studies suggest that children and adolescents with different neurodevelopmental disorders perform worse in emotions recognition through facial expressions (ER) compared with typically developing peers. This impairment is also described in children with Specific Learning Disorders (SLD), compromising their scholastic achievement, social functioning, and quality of life. The purpose of our study is to evaluate ER skills in children and adolescents with SLD compared to a control group without learning disorders, and correlate them with intelligence and executive functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our work is a cross-sectional observational study. Sixty-three children and adolescents aged between 8 and 16 years, diagnosed with SLD, and 32 sex/age-matched controls without learning disorders were recruited. All participants were administered standardized neuropsychological tests, evaluating facial emotion recognition (NEPSY-II), executive functions (EpiTrack Junior), and intelligence profile (WISC-IV). RESULTS Emotion recognition mean score was significantly lower in the SLD group than in the controls group on the Mann-Whitney U test for unpaired samples (p < 0.001). The SLD group performed significantly lower than the control group in their abilities to identify neutral expressions, happiness, sadness, anger, and fear compared to controls (p < 0.001). ER scores were positively correlated to the executive functions scores. There was no correlation with the Total Intelligence Quotient scores but there is a significant positive correlation with Working Memory Index and Processing Speed Index measured by WISC.IV. CONCLUSION Our study showed that children and adolescents with Specific Learning Disorders have facial emotion recognition impairment when compared with a group of peers without learning disorders. ER abilities were independent of their global intelligence but potentially related to executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Felicia Operto
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84125 Salerno, Italy; (G.M.G.P.); (M.S.); (A.V.); (G.C.)
| | - Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84125 Salerno, Italy; (G.M.G.P.); (M.S.); (A.V.); (G.C.)
- Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Stellato
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84125 Salerno, Italy; (G.M.G.P.); (M.S.); (A.V.); (G.C.)
| | - Lucia Morcaldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy; luciaa-@hotmail.it
| | - Luigi Vetri
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Marco Carotenuto
- Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Andrea Viggiano
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84125 Salerno, Italy; (G.M.G.P.); (M.S.); (A.V.); (G.C.)
| | - Giangennaro Coppola
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84125 Salerno, Italy; (G.M.G.P.); (M.S.); (A.V.); (G.C.)
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Exploring the neural correlates of the reversed letter effect: Evidence from left and right parietal patients. Neurosci Lett 2019; 699:217-224. [PMID: 30763653 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the hemispheric lateralization of attentional processes during visual search tasks depending on the stimulus material embedding the target, twelve patients with unilateral left (n = 7) or right (n = 5) parietal lesions and 20 age and education matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited. We used a visual search task for a uniquely tilted oblique bar embedded in an object shape 'N' or in its mirror reversal 'И'. The accuracy and the averaged reaction times (RTs) in each stimulus type ('N' or 'И') were analysed. HC presented significantly longer RTs when the target bar was embedded in 'N' among its mirror reversed 'И' (p < .05). This "reversed letter effect" was also found in the right parietal patients (p < .001), while no evidence of a reversed letter effect was found in the left parietal patients.
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Smirni D, Smirni P, Di Martino G, Fontana ML, Cipolotti L, Oliveri M, Turriziani P. Early detection of memory impairments in older adults: standardization of a short version of the verbal and nonverbal Recognition Memory Test. Neurol Sci 2018; 40:97-103. [PMID: 30276756 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In several neurological conditions, in elderly and cognitively impaired subjects, memory functioning must be evaluated to early detect the cognitive deterioration processes. In particular, recognition memory assessment is an essential step in the clinical and neuropsychological evaluation of early memory impairments. The Recognition Memory Test (RMT) developed by Smirni et al. (G Ital Psicol XXXVII(1):325-343, 2010) is an effective instrument to assess verbal and nonverbal recognition memory in the Italian population. The current study provides a new, brief, and reliable RMT format to evaluate recognition memory on elderly subjects and it reports normative data in an older adult Italian population sample (including 100 participants well distributed across sex, education, and age categories). The shortened version of RMT keeps the administration procedures and materials of the original Italian RMT constant, i.e., words, faces, and buildings. Multiple regression analysis revealed significant effects of age and educational level on performance but no effect of sex. Inferential cutoffs have been determined and equivalent scores computed. The availability of equivalent scores for the Recognition Memory Test will prove useful in the clinical evaluation of patients' memory profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Smirni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed.15, 90128, Palermo, Italy. .,NeuroTeam Life and Science, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Pietro Smirni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Lisa Cipolotti
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Massimiliano Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed.15, 90128, Palermo, Italy.,NeuroTeam Life and Science, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Turriziani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed.15, 90128, Palermo, Italy.,NeuroTeam Life and Science, Palermo, Italy
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Yong KXX, McCarthy ID, Poole T, Suzuki T, Yang B, Carton AM, Holloway C, Papadosifos N, Boampong D, Langham J, Slattery CF, Paterson RW, Foulkes AJM, Schott JM, Frost C, Tyler N, Crutch SJ. Navigational cue effects in Alzheimer's disease and posterior cortical atrophy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:697-709. [PMID: 29928653 PMCID: PMC5989777 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Deficits in spatial navigation are characteristic and disabling features of typical Alzheimer's disease (tAD) and posterior cortical atrophy (PCA). Visual cues have been proposed to mitigate such deficits; however, there is currently little empirical evidence for their use. Methods The effect of visual cues on visually guided navigation was assessed within a simplified real-world setting in individuals with tAD (n = 10), PCA (n = 8), and healthy controls (n = 12). In a repeated-measures design comprising 36 trials, participants walked to a visible target destination (an open door within a built environment), with or without the presence of an obstacle. Contrast and motion-based cues were evaluated; both aimed to facilitate performance by applying perceptual changes to target destinations without carrying explicit information. The primary outcome was completion time; secondary outcomes were measures of fixation position and walking path directness during consecutive task phases, determined using mobile eyetracking and motion capture methods. Results Results illustrate marked deficits in patients' navigational ability, with patient groups taking an estimated two to three times longer to reach target destinations than controls and exhibiting tortuous walking paths. There were no significant differences between tAD and PCA task performance. Overall, patients took less time to reach target destinations under cue conditions (contrast-cue: 11.8%; 95% CI: [2.5, 20.3]) and were more likely initially to fixate on targets. Interpretation The study evaluated navigation to destinations within a real-world environment. There is evidence that introducing perceptual changes to the environment may improve patients' navigational ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keir X X Yong
- Dementia Research Centre Department of Neurodegeneration UCL Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Ian D McCarthy
- Pedestrian Accessibility and Movement Environment Laboratory Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering Faculty of Engineering Science University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Poole
- Dementia Research Centre Department of Neurodegeneration UCL Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Statistics Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom
| | - Tatsuto Suzuki
- Pedestrian Accessibility and Movement Environment Laboratory Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering Faculty of Engineering Science University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Biao Yang
- Pedestrian Accessibility and Movement Environment Laboratory Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering Faculty of Engineering Science University College London London United Kingdom.,School of Architecture and Urban Planning Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Amelia M Carton
- Dementia Research Centre Department of Neurodegeneration UCL Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom.,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Holloway
- Pedestrian Accessibility and Movement Environment Laboratory Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering Faculty of Engineering Science University College London London United Kingdom.,Department of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering Science University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos Papadosifos
- Pedestrian Accessibility and Movement Environment Laboratory Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering Faculty of Engineering Science University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Derrick Boampong
- Pedestrian Accessibility and Movement Environment Laboratory Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering Faculty of Engineering Science University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Julia Langham
- Department of Medical Statistics Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom
| | - Catherine F Slattery
- Dementia Research Centre Department of Neurodegeneration UCL Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Ross W Paterson
- Dementia Research Centre Department of Neurodegeneration UCL Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J M Foulkes
- Dementia Research Centre Department of Neurodegeneration UCL Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre Department of Neurodegeneration UCL Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Chris Frost
- Dementia Research Centre Department of Neurodegeneration UCL Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Statistics Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom
| | - Nick Tyler
- Pedestrian Accessibility and Movement Environment Laboratory Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering Faculty of Engineering Science University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian J Crutch
- Dementia Research Centre Department of Neurodegeneration UCL Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
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Smirni D, Oliveri M, Turriziani P, Di Martino G, Smirni P. Benton visual form discrimination test in healthy children: normative data and qualitative analysis. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:885-892. [PMID: 29478104 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The attention evaluation may be considered a crucial phase in neuropsychological assessment. It must take into account the systemic nature of the attentional functions and must use different reliable tests in relation to the neurological and attentional problems to be addressed. The aim of the study was to offer the clinician an effective tool for attention assessment and provide the normative data and performance analysis on the Benton Visual Form Discrimination Test on an Italian sample (number 323) of healthy school children, from ages 5 to 11. Performance on Visual Form Discrimination Test (VFDT) significantly increased with growing age. Performances were significantly different when the test was divided into four sets. All groups, especially the younger ones, showed some difficulty in maintenance and sustained attention. The correct answers were significantly more numerous when they were placed at the top quadrants. This effect was more marked in the younger groups. Sex was never a significantly influencing performance. Our data seem to indicate that the higher attentional frontoparietal network becomes more functionally organized around 9-10 years. VFDT appears as a discriminative task. In clinical practice, our normative data can be used both on complex visual attention skill evaluation in children and on the ability to maintain visual attention in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Smirni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed.15, 90128, Palermo, Italy. .,NeuroTeam Life and Science, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed.15, 90128, Palermo, Italy.,NeuroTeam Life and Science, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Turriziani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed.15, 90128, Palermo, Italy.,NeuroTeam Life and Science, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Smirni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Vergallito A, Romero Lauro LJ, Bonandrini R, Zapparoli L, Danelli L, Berlingeri M. What is difficult for you can be easy for me. Effects of increasing individual task demand on prefrontal lateralization: A tDCS study. Neuropsychologia 2018; 109:283-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yakunina N, Kang EK, Kim TS, Min JH, Kim SS, Nam EC. Effects of scanner acoustic noise on intrinsic brain activity during auditory stimulation. Neuroradiology 2015; 57:1063-73. [PMID: 26193957 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-015-1561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the effects of scanner background noise (SBN) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have been extensively investigated for the brain regions involved in auditory processing, its impact on other types of intrinsic brain activity has largely been neglected. The present study evaluated the influence of SBN on a number of intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) during auditory stimulation by comparing the results obtained using sparse temporal acquisition (STA) with those using continuous acquisition (CA). METHODS Fourteen healthy subjects were presented with classical music pieces in a block paradigm during two sessions of STA and CA. A volume-matched CA dataset (CAm) was generated by subsampling the CA dataset to temporally match it with the STA data. Independent component analysis was performed on the concatenated STA-CAm datasets, and voxel data, time courses, power spectra, and functional connectivity were compared. RESULTS The ICA revealed 19 ICNs; the auditory, default mode, salience, and frontoparietal networks showed greater activity in the STA. The spectral peaks in 17 networks corresponded to the stimulation cycles in the STA, while only five networks displayed this correspondence in the CA. The dorsal default mode and salience networks exhibited stronger correlations with the stimulus waveform in the STA. CONCLUSIONS SBN appeared to influence not only the areas of auditory response but also the majority of other ICNs, including attention and sensory networks. Therefore, SBN should be regarded as a serious nuisance factor during fMRI studies investigating intrinsic brain activity under external stimulation or task loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Yakunina
- Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Su Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology, Kangwon National University, School of Medicine, Kangwondaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Min
- Department of Biopsychology, Cognition, and Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sam Soo Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University, School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Nam
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Otolaryngology, Kangwon National University, School of Medicine, Kangwondaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Mangano GR, Oliveri M, Turriziani P, Smirni D, Zhaoping L, Cipolotti L. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left parietal cortex facilitates visual search for a letter among its mirror images. Neuropsychologia 2015; 70:196-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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