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He L, Chen L, Li L. The mechanosensitive APJ internalization via clathrin-mediated endocytosis: A new molecular mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy. Med Hypotheses 2016; 90:6-10. [PMID: 27063076 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor APJ elicits cellular response to diverse extracellular stimulus. Accumulating evidence reveals that APJ receptor plays a prominent role in the cardiomyocyte adapting to hypertrophic stimulation. At present, it remains obscure that the regulatory mechanism of APJ receptor in myocardial hypertrophy. The natural endogenous ligands apelin and Elabela as well as agonists maintain high affinity for the APJ receptor and drive its internalization. Ligand-activated receptor internalization is mainly performed by clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway. Simultaneously, clathrin-mediated endocytosis takes participate in the occurrence and development of cardiac hypertrophy. In this study, we hypothesize that natural ligands and agonists induce the mechanosensitive APJ internalization via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. APJ internalization may contribute to the development of cardiac hypertrophy. The mechanosensitive APJ internalization via clathrin-mediated endocytosis may be a new molecular mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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2
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Targeted disruption of PDE3B, but not PDE3A, protects murine heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E2253-62. [PMID: 25877153 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416230112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 3 (PDE3) has been reported to protect rodent heart against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, neither the specific PDE3 isoform involved nor the underlying mechanisms have been identified. Targeted disruption of PDE3 subfamily B (PDE3B), but not of PDE3 subfamily A (PDE3A), protected mouse heart from I/R injury in vivo and in vitro, with reduced infarct size and improved cardiac function. The cardioprotective effect in PDE3B(-/-) heart was reversed by blocking cAMP-dependent PKA and by paxilline, an inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium-activated K channels, the opening of which is potentiated by cAMP/PKA signaling. Compared with WT mitochondria, PDE3B(-/-) mitochondria were enriched in antiapoptotic Bcl-2, produced less reactive oxygen species, and more frequently contacted transverse tubules where PDE3B was localized with caveolin-3. Moreover, a PDE3B(-/-) mitochondrial fraction containing connexin-43 and caveolin-3 was more resistant to Ca(2+)-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Proteomics analyses indicated that PDE3B(-/-) heart mitochondria fractions were enriched in buoyant ischemia-induced caveolin-3-enriched fractions (ICEFs) containing cardioprotective proteins. Accumulation of proteins into ICEFs was PKA dependent and was achieved by ischemic preconditioning or treatment of WT heart with the PDE3 inhibitor cilostamide. Taken together, these findings indicate that PDE3B deletion confers cardioprotective effects because of cAMP/PKA-induced preconditioning, which is associated with the accumulation of proteins with cardioprotective function in ICEFs. To our knowledge, our study is the first to define a role for PDE3B in cardioprotection against I/R injury and suggests PDE3B as a target for cardiovascular therapies.
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Malik S, deRubio RG, Trembley M, Irannejad R, Wedegaertner PB, Smrcka AV. G protein βγ subunits regulate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through a perinuclear Golgi phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate hydrolysis pathway. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1188-98. [PMID: 25609085 PMCID: PMC4357516 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-10-1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gβγ regulation of the perinuclear Golgi PI4P pathway and a separate pathway at the PM is required for ET-1–stimulated hypertrophy, and the efficacy of Gβγ inhibition in preventing heart failure may be due, in part, to its blocking both of these pathways. We recently identified a novel GPCR-dependent pathway for regulation of cardiac hypertrophy that depends on Golgi phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) hydrolysis by a specific isoform of phospholipase C (PLC), PLCε, at the nuclear envelope. How stimuli are transmitted from cell surface GPCRs to activation of perinuclear PLCε is not clear. Here we tested the role of G protein βγ subunits. Gβγ inhibition blocked ET-1–stimulated Golgi PI4P depletion in neonatal and adult ventricular myocytes. Blocking Gβγ at the Golgi inhibited ET-1–dependent PI4P depletion and nuclear PKD activation. Translocation of Gβγ to the Golgi stimulated perinuclear Golgi PI4P depletion and nuclear PKD activation. Finally, blocking Gβγ at the Golgi or PM blocked ET-1–dependent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These data indicate that Gβγ regulation of the perinuclear Golgi PI4P pathway and a separate pathway at the PM is required for ET-1–stimulated hypertrophy, and the efficacy of Gβγ inhibition in preventing heart failure maybe due in part to its blocking both these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - R G deRubio
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - M Trembley
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - R Irannejad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - P B Wedegaertner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - A V Smrcka
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
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4
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Angrisano T, Schiattarella GG, Keller S, Pironti G, Florio E, Magliulo F, Bottino R, Pero R, Lembo F, Avvedimento EV, Esposito G, Trimarco B, Chiariotti L, Perrino C. Epigenetic switch at atp2a2 and myh7 gene promoters in pressure overload-induced heart failure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106024. [PMID: 25181347 PMCID: PMC4152141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Re-induction of fetal genes and/or re-expression of postnatal genes represent hallmarks of pathological cardiac remodeling, and are considered important in the progression of the normal heart towards heart failure (HF). Whether epigenetic modifications are involved in these processes is currently under investigation. Here we hypothesized that histone chromatin modifications may underlie changes in the gene expression program during pressure overload-induced HF. We evaluated chromatin marks at the promoter regions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase (SERCA-2A) and β-myosin-heavy chain (β-MHC) genes (Atp2a2 and Myh7, respectively) in murine hearts after one or eight weeks of pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). As expected, all TAC hearts displayed a significant reduction in SERCA-2A and a significant induction of β-MHC mRNA levels. Interestingly, opposite histone H3 modifications were identified in the promoter regions of these genes after TAC, including H3 dimethylation (me2) at lysine (K) 4 (H3K4me2) and K9 (H3K9me2), H3 trimethylation (me3) at K27 (H3K27me3) and dimethylation (me2) at K36 (H3K36me2). Consistently, a significant reduction of lysine-specific demethylase KDM2A could be found after eight weeks of TAC at the Atp2a2 promoter. Moreover, opposite changes in the recruitment of DNA methylation machinery components (DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3b, and methyl CpG binding protein 2 MeCp2) were found at the Atp2a2 or Myh7 promoters after TAC. Taken together, these results suggest that epigenetic modifications may underlie gene expression reprogramming in the adult murine heart under conditions of pressure overload, and might be involved in the progression of the normal heart towards HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Angrisano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Simona Keller
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Pironti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ermanno Florio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Magliulo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Bottino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Lembo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Chiariotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (LC); (CP)
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (LC); (CP)
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Giugliano G, Sannino A, Brevetti L, Perrino C, Schiattarella GG, Franzone A, Serino F, Ferrone M, Scudiero F, Carbone A, De Paulis M, Izzo R, Amato B, Trimarco B, Esposito G. Ankle/brachial index to everyone. BMC Surg 2012; 12 Suppl 1:S18. [PMID: 23173985 PMCID: PMC3499282 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2482-12-s1-s18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last years significant attention has been paid in identifying markers of subclinical atherosclerosis or of increased cardiovascular risk. METHOD An abnormal ankle/brachial index (ABI) identifies patients affected by lower extremity peripheral arterial disease, and even more important, represents a powerful predictor of the development of future ischemic cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS In our opinion, ABI is a cardiovascular risk prediction tool with very desirable properties that might become a routine measurement in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Giugliano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular and Immunological Sciences, Federico II University, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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6
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Schotola H, Toischer K, Popov AF, Renner A, Schmitto JD, Gummert J, Quintel M, Bauer M, Maier LS, Sossalla S. Mild metabolic acidosis impairs the β-adrenergic response in isolated human failing myocardium. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2012; 16:R153. [PMID: 22889236 PMCID: PMC3580742 DOI: 10.1186/cc11468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pronounced extracellular acidosis reduces both cardiac contractility and the β-adrenergic response. In the past, this was shown in some studies using animal models. However, few data exist regarding how the human end-stage failing myocardium, in which compensatory mechanisms are exhausted, reacts to acute mild metabolic acidosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mild metabolic acidosis on contractility and the β-adrenergic response of isolated trabeculae from human end-stage failing hearts. METHODS Intact isometrically twitching trabeculae isolated from patients with end-stage heart failure were exposed to mild metabolic acidosis (pH 7.20). Trabeculae were stimulated at increasing frequencies and finally exposed to increasing concentrations of isoproterenol (0 to 1 × 10(-6) M). RESULTS A mild metabolic acidosis caused a depression in twitch-force amplitude of 26% (12.1 ± 1.9 to 9.0 ± 1.5 mN/mm(2); n = 12; P < 0.01) as compared with pH 7.40. Force-frequency relation measurements yielded no further significant differences of twitch force. At the maximal isoproterenol concentration, the force amplitude was comparable in each of the two groups (pH 7.40 versus pH 7.20). However, the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) was significantly increased in the acidosis group, with an EC50 of 5.834 × 10(-8) M (confidence interval (CI), 3.48 × 10(-8) to 9.779 × 10(-8); n = 9), compared with the control group, which had an EC50 of 1.056 × 10(-8) M (CI, 2.626 × 10(-9) to 4.243 × 10(-8); n = 10; P < 0.05), indicating an impaired β-adrenergic force response. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that mild metabolic acidosis reduces cardiac contractility and significantly impairs the β-adrenergic force response in human failing myocardium. Thus, our results could contribute to the still-controversial discussion about the therapy regimen of acidosis in patients with critical heart failure.
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Perrino C, Gargiulo G, Pironti G, Franzone A, Scudiero L, De Laurentis M, Magliulo F, Ilardi F, Carotenuto G, Schiattarella GG, Esposito G. Cardiovascular effects of treadmill exercise in physiological and pathological preclinical settings. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 300:H1983-9. [PMID: 21490325 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00784.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exercise adaptations result from a coordinated response of multiple organ systems, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrine-metabolic, immunologic, and skeletal muscle. Among these, the cardiovascular system is the most directly affected by exercise, and it is responsible for many of the important acute changes occurring during physical training. In recent years, the development of animal models of pathological or physiological cardiac overload has allowed researchers to precisely analyze the complex cardiovascular responses to stress in genetically altered murine models of human cardiovascular disease. The intensity-controlled treadmill exercise represents a well-characterized model of physiological cardiac hypertrophy because of its ability to mimic the typical responses to exercise in humans. In this review, we describe cardiovascular adaptations to treadmill exercise in mice and the most important parameters that can be used to quantify such modifications. Moreover, we discuss how treadmill exercise can be used to perform physiological testing in mouse models of disease and to enlighten the role of specific signaling pathways on cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Perrino
- Div. of Cardiology, Federico II Univ., Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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8
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Damilano F, Franco I, Perrino C, Schaefer K, Azzolino O, Carnevale D, Cifelli G, Carullo P, Ragona R, Ghigo A, Perino A, Lembo G, Hirsch E. Distinct effects of leukocyte and cardiac phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ activity in pressure overload-induced cardiac failure. Circulation 2011; 123:391-9. [PMID: 21242482 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.950543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signaling from phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) is crucial for leukocyte recruitment and inflammation but also contributes to cardiac maladaptive remodeling. To better understand the translational potential of these findings, this study investigates the role of PI3Kγ activity in pressure overload-induced heart failure, addressing the distinct contributions of bone marrow-derived and cardiac cells. METHODS AND RESULTS After transverse aortic constriction, mice knock-in for a catalytically inactive PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ KD) showed reduced fibrosis and normalized cardiac function up to 16 weeks. Accordingly, treatment with a selective PI3Kγ inhibitor prevented transverse aortic constriction-induced fibrosis. To define the cell types involved in this protection, bone marrow chimeras, lacking kinase activity in the immune system or the heart, were studied after transverse aortic constriction. Bone marrow-derived cells from PI3Kγ KD mice were not recruited to wild-type hearts, thus preventing fibrosis and preserving diastolic function. After prolonged pressure overload, chimeras with PI3Kγ KD bone marrow-derived cells showed slower development of left ventricular dilation and higher fractional shortening than controls. Conversely, in the presence of a wild-type immune system, KD hearts displayed bone marrow-derived cell infiltration and fibrosis at early stages but reduced left ventricular dilation and preserved contractile function at later time points. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data demonstrate that, in response to transverse aortic constriction, PI3Kγ contributes to maladaptive remodeling at multiple levels by modulating both cardiac and immune cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Damilano
- Department of Genetics, Biology, and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Vaniotis G, Del Duca D, Trieu P, Rohlicek CV, Hébert TE, Allen BG. Nuclear β-adrenergic receptors modulate gene expression in adult rat heart. Cell Signal 2010; 23:89-98. [PMID: 20732414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Both β(1)- and β(3)-adrenergic receptors (β(1)ARs and β(3)ARs) are present on nuclear membranes in adult ventricular myocytes. These nuclear-localized receptors are functional with respect to ligand binding and effector activation. In isolated cardiac nuclei, the non-selective βAR agonist isoproterenol stimulated de novo RNA synthesis measured using assays of transcription initiation (Boivin et al., 2006 Cardiovasc Res. 71:69-78). In contrast, stimulation of endothelin receptors, another G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that localizes to the nuclear membrane, resulted in decreased RNA synthesis. To investigate the signalling pathway(s) involved in GPCR-mediated regulation of RNA synthesis, nuclei were isolated from intact adult rat hearts and treated with receptor agonists in the presence or absence of inhibitors of different mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/PKB pathways. Components of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 MAP kinase cascades as well as PKB were detected in nuclear preparations. Inhibition of PKB with triciribine, in the presence of isoproterenol, converted the activation of the βAR from stimulatory to inhibitory with regards to RNA synthesis, while ERK1/2, JNK and p38 inhibition reduced both basal and isoproterenol-stimulated activity. Analysis by qPCR indicated an increase in the expression of 18S rRNA following isoproterenol treatment and a decrease in NFκB mRNA. Further qPCR experiments revealed that isoproterenol treatment also reduced the expression of several other genes involved in the activation of NFκB, while ERK1/2 and PKB inhibition substantially reversed this effect. Our results suggest that GPCRs on the nuclear membrane regulate nuclear functions such as gene expression and this process is modulated by activation/inhibition of downstream protein kinases within the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Vaniotis
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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10
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Dhalla NS, Müller AL. Protein Kinases as Drug Development Targets for Heart Disease Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:2111-2145. [PMID: 27713345 PMCID: PMC4036665 DOI: 10.3390/ph3072111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are intimately integrated in different signal transduction pathways for the regulation of cardiac function in both health and disease. Protein kinase A (PKA), Ca²⁺-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK), protein kinase C (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) are not only involved in the control of subcellular activities for maintaining cardiac function, but also participate in the development of cardiac dysfunction in cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Although all these kinases serve as signal transducing proteins by phosphorylating different sites in cardiomyocytes, some of their effects are cardioprotective whereas others are detrimental. Such opposing effects of each signal transduction pathway seem to depend upon the duration and intensity of stimulus as well as the type of kinase isoform for each kinase. In view of the fact that most of these kinases are activated in heart disease and their inhibition has been shown to improve cardiac function, it is suggested that these kinases form excellent targets for drug development for therapy of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naranjan S Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research, and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Alison L Müller
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research, and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
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Esposito G, Perrino C, Schiattarella GG, Belardo L, di Pietro E, Franzone A, Capretti G, Gargiulo G, Pironti G, Cannavo A, Sannino A, Izzo R, Chiariello M. Induction of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Is Proportional to the Amount of Pressure Overload. Hypertension 2010; 55:137-43. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.135467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pressure overload has been shown to induce mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and reactivate the atrial natriuretic factor in the heart. To test the sensitivity of these signals to pressure overload, we assayed the activity of MAPKs extracellular signal–regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1, and p38 in protein lysates from the left ventricle (LV) or white blood cells (WBC) isolated from aortic banded mice with varying levels of pressure overload. In separated mice we measured atrial natriuretic factor mRNA levels by Northern blotting. As expected, a significant induction of atrial natriuretic factor mRNA levels was observed after aortic banding, and it significantly correlated with the
trans
-stenotic systolic pressure gradient but not with the LV weight:body weight ratio. In contrast, a significant correlation with systolic pressure gradient or LV weight:body weight ratio was observed for all of the MAPK activity detected in LV samples or WBCs. Importantly, LV activation of MAPKs significantly correlated with their activation in WBCs from the same animal. To test whether MAPK activation in WBCs might reflect uncontrolled blood pressure levels in humans, we assayed extracellular signal–regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1, and p38 activation in WBCs isolated from normotensive volunteers, hypertensive patients with controlled blood pressure values, or hypertensive patients with uncontrolled blood pressure values. Interestingly, in hypertensive patients with controlled blood pressure values, LV mass and extracellular signal–regulated kinase phosphorylation were significantly reduced compared with those in hypertensive patients with uncontrolled blood pressure values. These results suggest that MAPKs are sensors of pressure overload and that extracellular signal–regulated kinase activation in WBCs might be used as a novel surrogate biomarker of uncontrolled human hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Esposito
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (G.E., C.P., G.G.S., L.B., E.d.P., A.F., G.C., G.G., G.P., A.C., A.S., M.C.) and Internal Medicine (R.I.), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (G.E., C.P., G.G.S., L.B., E.d.P., A.F., G.C., G.G., G.P., A.C., A.S., M.C.) and Internal Medicine (R.I.), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giacomo Schiattarella
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (G.E., C.P., G.G.S., L.B., E.d.P., A.F., G.C., G.G., G.P., A.C., A.S., M.C.) and Internal Medicine (R.I.), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorena Belardo
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (G.E., C.P., G.G.S., L.B., E.d.P., A.F., G.C., G.G., G.P., A.C., A.S., M.C.) and Internal Medicine (R.I.), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa di Pietro
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (G.E., C.P., G.G.S., L.B., E.d.P., A.F., G.C., G.G., G.P., A.C., A.S., M.C.) and Internal Medicine (R.I.), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Franzone
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (G.E., C.P., G.G.S., L.B., E.d.P., A.F., G.C., G.G., G.P., A.C., A.S., M.C.) and Internal Medicine (R.I.), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Capretti
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (G.E., C.P., G.G.S., L.B., E.d.P., A.F., G.C., G.G., G.P., A.C., A.S., M.C.) and Internal Medicine (R.I.), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gargiulo
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (G.E., C.P., G.G.S., L.B., E.d.P., A.F., G.C., G.G., G.P., A.C., A.S., M.C.) and Internal Medicine (R.I.), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Pironti
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (G.E., C.P., G.G.S., L.B., E.d.P., A.F., G.C., G.G., G.P., A.C., A.S., M.C.) and Internal Medicine (R.I.), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (G.E., C.P., G.G.S., L.B., E.d.P., A.F., G.C., G.G., G.P., A.C., A.S., M.C.) and Internal Medicine (R.I.), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Sannino
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (G.E., C.P., G.G.S., L.B., E.d.P., A.F., G.C., G.G., G.P., A.C., A.S., M.C.) and Internal Medicine (R.I.), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Izzo
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (G.E., C.P., G.G.S., L.B., E.d.P., A.F., G.C., G.G., G.P., A.C., A.S., M.C.) and Internal Medicine (R.I.), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Chiariello
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (G.E., C.P., G.G.S., L.B., E.d.P., A.F., G.C., G.G., G.P., A.C., A.S., M.C.) and Internal Medicine (R.I.), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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12
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13
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Overgaard
- From the Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimír Džavík
- From the Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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16
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Perrino C, Rockman HA. Reversal of cardiac remodeling by modulation of adrenergic receptors: a new frontier in heart failure. Curr Opin Cardiol 2007; 22:443-9. [PMID: 17762546 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0b013e3282294d72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heart failure is a common clinical syndrome, and despite intensive medical therapy it remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Pathological stimuli promote a general remodeling process in the heart. RECENT FINDINGS Recent animal studies have highlighted very promising novel therapeutic possibilities, based on the regulation of adrenergic receptor function, and novel signaling pathways are being discovered that could be relevant for future molecular approaches. SUMMARY This review highlights some of the novel approaches to reverse pathological remodeling and improve cardiac dysfunction, placing emphasis on strategies targeting the adrenergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Perrino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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