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Li X, Morel JD, Benegiamo G, Poisson J, Bachmann A, Rapin A, Sulc J, Williams E, Perino A, Schoonjans K, Bou Sleiman M, Auwerx J. Genetic and dietary modulators of the inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract of the BXD mouse genetic reference population. eLife 2023; 12:RP87569. [PMID: 37855835 PMCID: PMC10586803 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory gut disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), can be impacted by dietary, environmental, and genetic factors. While the incidence of IBD is increasing worldwide, we still lack a complete understanding of the gene-by-environment interactions underlying inflammation and IBD. Here, we profiled the colon transcriptome of 52 BXD mouse strains fed with a chow or high-fat diet (HFD) and identified a subset of BXD strains that exhibit an IBD-like transcriptome signature on HFD, indicating that an interplay of genetics and diet can significantly affect intestinal inflammation. Using gene co-expression analyses, we identified modules that are enriched for IBD-dysregulated genes and found that these IBD-related modules share cis-regulatory elements that are responsive to the STAT2, SMAD3, and REL transcription factors. We used module quantitative trait locus analyses to identify genetic loci associated with the expression of these modules. Through a prioritization scheme involving systems genetics in the mouse and integration with external human datasets, we identified Muc4 and Epha6 as the top candidates mediating differences in HFD-driven intestinal inflammation. This work provides insights into the contribution of genetics and diet to IBD risk and identifies two candidate genes, MUC4 and EPHA6, that may mediate IBD susceptibility in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jean-David Morel
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Giorgia Benegiamo
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Johanne Poisson
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Alexis Bachmann
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Alexis Rapin
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jonathan Sulc
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Evan Williams
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of LuxembourgEsch-sur-AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Alessia Perino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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Gullo G, Basile G, Cucinella G, Greco ME, Perino A, Chiantera V, Marinelli S. Fresh vs. frozen embryo transfer in assisted reproductive techniques: a single center retrospective cohort study and ethical-legal implications. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:6809-6823. [PMID: 37522692 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202307_33152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have shown higher pregnancy rates and better perinatal outcomes with frozen embryo transfers than with fresh techniques, with better results in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) but with a higher rate of pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia. This retrospective cohort study aims to compare the cumulative live birth rates, maternal and neonatal complications of fresh embryo transfers (ET) and frozen-embryo transfers (FET) in infertile women who underwent assisted reproduction techniques (ART) at the Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti (AOOR) Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy. In addition, the authors have focused on the legislative and ethical complexities which such a procedure entails. PATIENTS AND METHODS Out of 475 women undergoing in vitro fertilization programs from January 2017 to January 2021, 128 were enrolled; 70 patients underwent ET, and 58 patients FET. The main outcome measure was live birth rates. Secondary outcomes were clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, pregnancy loss, low birth weight (LBW), ectopic pregnancy, and obstetrical and perinatal complications. RESULTS The cumulative live birth rates were similar between the fresh transfer (95.7%) and frozen transfer (93.1%). Biochemical pregnancy rates, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, and pregnancy loss were similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Obstetrical outcomes were not statistically different between the two groups; a higher preterm delivery rate was reported in the FET group. ET birth weights were notably lower for singletons compared to the freeze-all strategy. ET patients also had higher LBW rates, with a 2.5-fold higher rate compared to FET. No significant differences were found in cumulative live birth rates between ET and FET, which is consistent with earlier studies. FET protocols are linked to higher neonatal birth weight and lower risk of LBW than fresh ET. The ethical and legal quandaries inherent in such techniques, as technology moves on and outpaces current legislative frameworks, cannot be discounted.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gullo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IVF UNIT, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Yildiz E, El Alam G, Perino A, Jalil A, Denechaud PD, Huber K, Fajas L, Auwerx J, Sorrentino G, Schoonjans K. Hepatic lipid overload triggers biliary epithelial cell activation via E2Fs. eLife 2023; 12:81926. [PMID: 36876915 PMCID: PMC10030116 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During severe or chronic hepatic injury, biliary epithelial cells (BECs) undergo rapid activation into proliferating progenitors, a crucial step required to establish a regenerative process known as ductular reaction (DR). While DR is a hallmark of chronic liver diseases, including advanced stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the early events underlying BEC activation are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that BECs readily accumulate lipids during high-fat diet feeding in mice and upon fatty acid treatment in BEC-derived organoids. Lipid overload induces metabolic rewiring to support the conversion of adult cholangiocytes into reactive BECs. Mechanistically, we found that lipid overload activates the E2F transcription factors in BECs, which drive cell cycle progression while promoting glycolytic metabolism. These findings demonstrate that fat overload is sufficient to reprogram BECs into progenitor cells in the early stages of NAFLD and provide new insights into the mechanistic basis of this process, revealing unexpected connections between lipid metabolism, stemness, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Yildiz
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gaby El Alam
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Jalil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Katharina Huber
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- INSERM, Occitanie, Montpellier, France
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Sun Y, Demagny H, Faure A, Pontanari F, Jalil A, Bresciani N, Yildiz E, Korbelius M, Perino A, Schoonjans K. Asparagine protects pericentral hepatocytes during acute liver injury. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:163508. [PMID: 36719750 PMCID: PMC10065070 DOI: 10.1172/jci163508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-essential amino acid asparagine can only be synthesized de novo by the enzymatic activity of asparagine synthetase (ASNS). While ASNS and asparagine have been implicated in the response to numerous metabolic stressors in cultured cells, the in vivo relevance of this enzyme in stress-related pathways remains unexplored. Here, we found ASNS to be expressed in pericentral hepatocytes, a population of hepatic cells specialized in xenobiotic detoxification. ASNS expression was strongly enhanced in two models of acute liver injury: carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and acetaminophen (APAP). We found that mice with hepatocyte-specific Asns deletion (Asnshep-/-) were more prone to pericentral liver damage than their control (Asnshep+/+) littermates after toxin exposure. This phenotype could be reverted by intravenous administration of asparagine. Unexpectedly, the stress-induced upregulation of ASNS involved an ATF4-independent, non-canonical pathway mediated by the nuclear receptor, liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH-1; NR5A2). Altogether, our data indicate that the induction of the asparagine-producing enzyme ASNS acts as an adaptive mechanism to constrain the necrotic wave that follows toxin administration and provide proof of concept that intravenous delivery of asparagine can dampen hepatotoxin-induced pericentral hepatocellular death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hadrien Demagny
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrien Faure
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Pontanari
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Jalil
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Bresciani
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ece Yildiz
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Korbelius
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Gullo G, Etrusco A, Cucinella G, Basile G, Fabio M, Perino A, De Tommasi O, Buzzaccarini G, Morreale C, Marchi L, Laganà AS, Chiantera V, Zaami S. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation in menopause: new perspective of therapy in postmenopausal women and the importance of ethical and legal frameworks. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:9107-9116. [PMID: 36591823 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202212_30660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Menopausal transition entails a progressive decrease in hormone production by the ovaries that lead to important physical and psychological changes that could significantly affect quality of life. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) administered from the onset of menopausal symptoms usually improves quality of life and life expectancy. Nevertheless, it is not risk-free. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) has been investigated as a potential new strategy for delaying menopause and/or to avoid HRT. This review analyzes the critical points of HRT to assess whether OTC and subsequent reimplantation can affect postmenopausal management. We assessed available randomized clinical trials in PubMed, Cochrane Library, ISI web of science, and Scopus from August 2021 to November 2022, including studies and trials evaluating the efficacy of OTC in both cancer and menopausal patients, the efficacy of freezing techniques and the possible clinical scenarios that OTC can open, even from the standpoint of legal and ethical issues arising as such innovative techniques become mainstream. Lower duration of the graft and efficacy on estrogen secretions at a physiological and safer concentration of estrogen than conventional HRT based on hormonal supplements. OTC can reportedly trigger estrogen secretions at a lower and safer physiological concentration than conventional HRT. OTC and subsequent reimplantation remain a valid fertility-sparing approach in patients undergoing gonadotoxic treatments. Further studies are needed to better evaluate its safety and efficacy within postmenopausal therapy management and in order to lay out widely shared and evidence-based guidelines and best practices and perform such novel and innovative techniques in a legally and ethically safe fashion, in the best interest of patients and healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gullo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Li H, Perino A, Huang Q, Von Alvensleben GVG, Banaei-Esfahani A, Velazquez-Villegas LA, Gariani K, Korbelius M, Bou Sleiman M, Imbach J, Sun Y, Li X, Bachmann A, Goeminne LJE, Gallart-Ayala H, Williams EG, Ivanisevic J, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K. Integrative systems analysis identifies genetic and dietary modulators of bile acid homeostasis. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1594-1610.e4. [PMID: 36099916 PMCID: PMC9534359 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are complex and incompletely understood enterohepatic-derived hormones that control whole-body metabolism. Here, we profiled postprandial BAs in the liver, feces, and plasma of 360 chow- or high-fat-diet-fed BXD male mice and demonstrated that both genetics and diet strongly influence BA abundance, composition, and correlation with metabolic traits. Through an integrated systems approach, we mapped hundreds of quantitative trait loci that modulate BAs and identified both known and unknown regulators of BA homeostasis. In particular, we discovered carboxylesterase 1c (Ces1c) as a genetic determinant of plasma tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a BA species with established disease-preventing actions. The association between Ces1c and plasma TUDCA was validated using data from independent mouse cohorts and a Ces1c knockout mouse model. Collectively, our data are a unique resource to dissect the physiological importance of BAs as determinants of metabolic traits, as underscored by the identification of CES1C as a master regulator of plasma TUDCA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qingyao Huang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo V G Von Alvensleben
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amir Banaei-Esfahani
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura A Velazquez-Villegas
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karim Gariani
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Korbelius
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jéromine Imbach
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yu Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Bachmann
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludger J E Goeminne
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Evan G Williams
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Bresciani N, Demagny H, Lemos V, Pontanari F, Li X, Sun Y, Li H, Perino A, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K. The Slc25a47 locus is a novel determinant of hepatic mitochondrial function implicated in liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 2022; 77:1071-1082. [PMID: 35714811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Transporters of the SLC25 mitochondrial carrier superfamily bridge cytoplasmic and mitochondrial metabolism by channeling metabolites across mitochondrial membranes and are pivotal for metabolic homeostasis. Despite their physiological relevance as gatekeepers of cellular metabolism, most of the SLC25 family members remain uncharacterized. We undertook a comprehensive tissue distribution analysis of all Slc25 family members across metabolic organs and identified SLC25A47 as a liver-specific mitochondrial carrier. METHODS We used a murine loss-of-function model to unravel the role of this transporter in mitochondrial and hepatic homeostasis. We performed extensive metabolic phenotyping and molecular characterization of newly generated Slc25a47hep-/- and Slc25a47-Fgf21hep-/- mice. RESULTS Slc25a47hep-/- mice displayed a wide variety of metabolic abnormalities, as a result of sustained energy deficiency in the liver originating from impaired mitochondrial respiration. This mitochondrial phenotype was associated with an activation of the mitochondrial stress response (MSR) in the liver, and the development of fibrosis, which was exacerbated upon feeding a high-fat high-sucrose diet. The MSR induced the secretion of several mitokines, amongst which FGF21 played a preponderant role on systemic physiology. To dissect the FGF21-dependent and -independent physiological changes induced in Slc25a47hep-/- mice, we generated a double Slc25a47-Fgf21hep-/- mouse model and demonstrated that several aspects of the hypermetabolic state were driven by hepatic secretion of FGF21. On the other hand, the metabolic fuel inflexibility observed in Slc25a47hep-/- mice could not be rescued with the genetic removal of Fgf21. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data place the Slc25a47 locus at the center of mitochondrial homeostasis, which upon dysfunction triggers robust liver-specific and systemic adaptive stress responses. The prominent role of the Slc25a47 locus in hepatic fibrosis identifies this carrier, or its transported metabolite, as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. LAY SUMMARY Herein, we report the importance of a locus containing a liver-specific gene coding for a mitochondrial transport protein called SLC25A47. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells. They are crucial for metabolism and energy generation. We show that mice with genetic disruption of the Slc25a47 locus cannot maintain mitochondrial homeostasis (balance), leading to wide-ranging problems in the liver that have far-reaching physiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bresciani
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hadrien Demagny
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vera Lemos
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Pontanari
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yu Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Thirouard L, Holota H, Monrose M, Garcia M, de Haze A, Damon‐Soubeyrand C, Renaud Y, Saru J, Perino A, Schoonjans K, Beaudoin C, Volle DH. Identification of a Crosstalk among TGR5, GLIS2, and TP53 Signaling Pathways in the Control of Undifferentiated Germ Cell Homeostasis and Chemoresistance. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200626. [PMID: 35435331 PMCID: PMC9189661 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells regenerate and maintain spermatogenesis throughout life, making testis a good model for studying stem cell biology. The effects of chemotherapy on fertility have been well-documented previously. This study investigates how busulfan, an alkylating agent that is often used for chemotherapeutic purposes, affects male fertility. Specifically, the role of the TGR5 pathway is investigated on spermatogonia homeostasis using in vivo, in vitro, and pharmacological methods. In vivo studies are performed using wild-type and Tgr5-deficient mouse models. The results clearly show that Tgr5 deficiency can facilitate restoration of the spermatogonia homeostasis and allow faster resurgence of germ cell lineage after exposure to busulfan. TGR5 modulates the expression of key genes of undifferentiated spermatogonia such as Gfra1 and Fgfr2. At the molecular level, the present data highlight molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions among the TGR5, GLIS2, and TP53 pathways in spermatogonia associated with germ cell apoptosis following busulfan exposure. This study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it shows that TGR5 plays key role on undifferentiated germ cell homeostasis and that modulating the TGR5 signaling pathway could be used as a potential therapeutic tool for fertility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Thirouard
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteTeam‐VolleClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
| | - Hélène Holota
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteTeam‐VolleClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
| | - Mélusine Monrose
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteTeam‐VolleClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
| | - Manon Garcia
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteTeam‐VolleClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
| | - Angélique de Haze
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteTeam‐VolleClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
| | | | - Yoan Renaud
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteBio‐informatic facilityClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
| | - Jean‐Paul Saru
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteTeam‐VolleClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
| | - Alessia Perino
- Laboratory of Metabolic SignalingInstitute of BioengineeringSchool of Life SciencesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Metabolic SignalingInstitute of BioengineeringSchool of Life SciencesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Claude Beaudoin
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteTeam‐VolleClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
| | - David H. Volle
- INSERM U1103Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS UMR‐6293GReD InstituteTeam‐VolleClermont‐FerrandF‐63037France
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Perino
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gullo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, IVF UNIT, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Castellanos-Jankiewicz A, Guzmán-Quevedo O, Fénelon VS, Zizzari P, Quarta C, Bellocchio L, Tailleux A, Charton J, Fernandois D, Henricsson M, Piveteau C, Simon V, Allard C, Quemener S, Guinot V, Hennuyer N, Perino A, Duveau A, Maitre M, Leste-Lasserre T, Clark S, Dupuy N, Cannich A, Gonzales D, Deprez B, Mithieux G, Dombrowicz D, Bäckhed F, Prevot V, Marsicano G, Staels B, Schoonjans K, Cota D. Hypothalamic bile acid-TGR5 signaling protects from obesity. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1483-1492.e10. [PMID: 33887197 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) improve metabolism and exert anti-obesity effects through the activation of the Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) in peripheral tissues. TGR5 is also found in the brain hypothalamus, but whether hypothalamic BA signaling is implicated in body weight control and obesity pathophysiology remains unknown. Here we show that hypothalamic BA content is reduced in diet-induced obese mice. Central administration of BAs or a specific TGR5 agonist in these animals decreases body weight and fat mass by activating the sympathetic nervous system, thereby promoting negative energy balance. Conversely, genetic downregulation of hypothalamic TGR5 expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus favors the development of obesity and worsens established obesity by blunting sympathetic activity. Lastly, hypothalamic TGR5 signaling is required for the anti-obesity action of dietary BA supplementation. Together, these findings identify hypothalamic TGR5 signaling as a key mediator of a top-down neural mechanism that counteracts diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Guzmán-Quevedo
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France; Laboratory of Neuronutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, 61650 Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico; Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50732-970 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Valérie S Fénelon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Zizzari
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Carmelo Quarta
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Tailleux
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Julie Charton
- University of Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Daniela Fernandois
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catherine Piveteau
- University of Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Simon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Allard
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Quemener
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Valentine Guinot
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Alessia Perino
- Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Duveau
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marlène Maitre
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Samantha Clark
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Dupuy
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Cannich
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Gonzales
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- University of Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- INSERM U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, University of Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - David Dombrowicz
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 N Copenhagen, Denmark; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vincent Prevot
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France.
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12
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Origoni M, Cristoforoni P, Mariani L, Costa S, Preti M, Sandri MT, Preti EP, Ghelardi A, Perino A. Extending Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination beyond female adolescents and after treatment for high grade CIN: the Italian HPV Study Group (IHSG) review and position paper. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 24:8510-8528. [PMID: 32894557 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202008_22648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human PapillomaVirus (HPV) vaccination has been introduced in recent years in clinical practice as the most effective primary prevention strategy for cervical cancer and HPV-induced lesions, either pre-malignant or benign. Since its introduction, HPV vaccination has been progressively demonstrated as extremely effective in preventing extra-genital and male diseases also; furthermore, non only adolescents but adult subjects have been investigated and reported as positively responding to vaccine immunostimulation. More recently, effectiveness of post-treatment vaccine administration has been preliminarily investigated with very promising results in terms of decreased recurrences. On this basis, we report an Italian-focused picture of the state of the art and take a position in favour of the extension of HPV vaccination to male adolescents, to older age groups and to already treated subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Origoni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Vita Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Perino A, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Bresciani N, Sun Y, Huang Q, Fénelon VS, Castellanos-Jankiewicz A, Zizzari P, Bruschetta G, Jin S, Baleisyte A, Gioiello A, Pellicciari R, Ivanisevic J, Schneider BL, Diano S, Cota D, Schoonjans K. Central anorexigenic actions of bile acids are mediated by TGR5. Nat Metab 2021; 3:595-603. [PMID: 34031591 PMCID: PMC7610881 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are signalling molecules that mediate various cellular responses in both physiological and pathological processes. Several studies report that BAs can be detected in the brain1, yet their physiological role in the central nervous system is still largely unknown. Here we show that postprandial BAs can reach the brain and activate a negative-feedback loop controlling satiety in response to physiological feeding via TGR5, a G-protein-coupled receptor activated by multiple conjugated and unconjugated BAs2 and an established regulator of peripheral metabolism3-8. Notably, peripheral or central administration of a BA mix or a TGR5-specific BA mimetic (INT-777) exerted an anorexigenic effect in wild-type mice, while whole-body, neuron-specific or agouti-related peptide neuronal TGR5 deletion caused a significant increase in food intake. Accordingly, orexigenic peptide expression and secretion were reduced after short-term TGR5 activation. In vitro studies demonstrated that activation of the Rho-ROCK-actin-remodelling pathway decreases orexigenic agouti-related peptide/neuropeptide Y (AgRP/NPY) release in a TGR5-dependent manner. Taken together, these data identify a signalling cascade by which BAs exert acute effects at the transition between fasting and feeding and prime the switch towards satiety, unveiling a previously unrecognized role of physiological feedback mediated by BAs in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Perino
- Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura A Velázquez-Villegas
- Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Nadia Bresciani
- Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yu Sun
- Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qingyao Huang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valérie S Fénelon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Philippe Zizzari
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giuseppe Bruschetta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sungho Jin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aiste Baleisyte
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antimo Gioiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard L Schneider
- Bertarelli Platform for Gene Therapy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Perino A, Consiglio P, Maranto M, De Franciscis P, Marci R, Restivo V, Manzone M, Capra G, Cucinella G, Calagna G. Impact of a new carrageenan-based vaginal microbicide in a female population with genital HPV-infection: first experimental results. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 23:6744-6752. [PMID: 31378918 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201908_18567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess safety, satisfaction, and anti-viral effect of a new carrageenan-based vaginal microbicide in a population of fertile female patients with genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty healthy and sexually active women aged 18-45 years with genital HPV infection were enrolled. Each subject was treated with a gel formulated with 0.02% carrageenan and Propionibacterium extract (CGP) (Carvir, Depofarma SpA, Mogliano Veneto, Treviso, Italy). The subjects were evaluated at baseline, after the I cycle of therapy and after the II cycle. At final status, treatment acceptability and satisfaction were evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale. Furthermore, the rate of HPV genital infection clearance at final follow-up was evaluated. These data were compared with the HPV genital infection clearance rate in a control group of patients not subjected to any therapy. RESULTS Overall, 68 HPV infections were detected at baseline, among 40 subjects enrolled. The HPV 16 genotype was the most frequent (12%) followed by HPV 18 (10%), and HPV 53 (9%). At the end of the study, 22 (55%) patients were very satisfied, 14 (35%) were satisfied, 3 (7.5%) were uncertain, and only 1 (2.5%) was dissatisfied, with 0 very dissatisfied. Only 2 patients complained of a local adverse event. Analysing infection clearance at the end of the study, 60% of patients became HPV negative. Among these, 13 cases were high-risk HPV infection. There were 16 patients with persistent infection ("non-responders"). No patient developed a "de novo" genital lesion. After controlling for age, the intervention had an adjusted OR of 4.9 (95% CI 1.6-15.1) to clear HPV. CONCLUSIONS The results of this work suggest that Carvir vulvovaginal microbicide gel is safe and well-tolerated. Furthermore, this experience supports the hypothesis that CG has a role in accelerating the normal clearance of genital HPV infection in women with a positive HPV-DNA test.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Perino
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, "Villa Sofia Cervello" Hospital, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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15
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Sorrentino G, Perino A, Yildiz E, El Alam G, Bou Sleiman M, Gioiello A, Pellicciari R, Schoonjans K. Bile Acids Signal via TGR5 to Activate Intestinal Stem Cells and Epithelial Regeneration. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:956-968.e8. [PMID: 32485177 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Renewal and patterning of the intestinal epithelium is coordinated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs); dietary and metabolic factors provide signals to the niche that control ISC activity. Bile acids (BAs), metabolites in the gut, signal nutrient availability by activating the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, also called TGR5). TGR5 is expressed in the intestinal epithelium, but it is not clear how its activation affects ISCs and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium. We studied the role of BAs and TGR5 in intestinal renewal, and regulation of ISC function in mice and intestinal organoids. METHODS We derived intestinal organoids from wild-type mice and Tgr5-/- mice, incubated them with BAs or the TGR5 agonist INT-777, and monitored ISC function by morphologic analyses and colony-forming assays. We disrupted Tgr5 specifically in Lgr5-positive ISCs in mice (Tgr5ISC-/- mice) and analyzed ISC number, proliferation, and differentiation by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and organoid assays. Tgr5ISC-/- mice were given cholecystokinin; we measured the effects of BA release into the intestinal lumen and on cell renewal. We induced colitis in Tgr5ISC-/- mice by administration of dextran sulfate sodium; disease severity was determined based on body weight, colon length, and histopathology analysis of colon biopsies. RESULTS BAs and TGR5 agonists promoted growth of intestinal organoids. Administration of cholecystokinin to mice resulted in acute release of BAs into the intestinal lumen and increased proliferation of the intestinal epithelium. BAs and Tgr5 expression in ISCs were required for homeostatic intestinal epithelial renewal and fate specification, and for regeneration after colitis induction. Tgr5ISC-/- mice developed more severe colitis than mice without Tgr5 disruption in ISCs. ISCs incubated with INT-777 increased activation of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and of its upstream regulator SRC. Inhibitors of YAP1 and SRC prevented organoid growth induced by TGR5 activation. CONCLUSIONS BAs promote regeneration of the intestinal epithelium via activation of TGR5 in ISCs, resulting in activation of SRC and YAP and activation of their target genes. Release of endogenous BAs in the intestinal lumen is sufficient to promote ISC renewal and drives regeneration in response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sorrentino
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ece Yildiz
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gaby El Alam
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antimo Gioiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Over the past two decades, bile acids (BAs) have become established as important signaling molecules that enable fine-tuned inter-tissue communication from the liver, their site of production, over the intestine, where they are modified by the gut microbiota, to virtually any organ, where they exert their pleiotropic physiological effects. The chemical variety of BAs, to a large extent determined by the gut microbiome, also allows for a complex fine-tuning of adaptive responses in our body. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which BA receptors coordinate several aspects of physiology and highlights new therapeutic strategies for diseases underlying pathological BA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Perino
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Hadrien Demagny
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Laura Velazquez-Villegas
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
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17
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Cali G, Forlani F, Lees C, Timor-Tritsch I, Palacios-Jaraquemada J, Dall'Asta A, Bhide A, Flacco ME, Manzoli L, Labate F, Perino A, Scambia G, D'Antonio F. Prenatal ultrasound staging system for placenta accreta spectrum disorders. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 53:752-760. [PMID: 30834661 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a prenatal ultrasound staging system for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders in women with placenta previa and to evaluate its association with surgical outcome, placental invasion and the clinical staging system for PAS disorders proposed by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). METHODS This was a secondary retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from women with placenta previa. We classified women according to the following staging system for PAS disorders, based upon the presence of ultrasound signs of PAS in women with placenta previa: PAS0, placenta previa with no ultrasound signs of invasion or with placental lacunae but no evidence of abnormal uterus-bladder interface; PAS1, presence of at least two of placental lacunae, loss of the clear zone or bladder wall interruption; PAS2, PAS1 plus uterovescical hypervascularity; PAS3, PAS1 or PAS2 plus evidence of increased vascularity in the inferior part of the lower uterine segment potentially extending into the parametrial region. We explored whether this ultrasound staging system correlates with surgical outcome (estimated blood loss (EBL, mL), units of packed red blood cells (PRBC), fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and platelets (PLT) transfused, operation time (min), surgical complications defined as the occurrence of any damage to the bladder, ureters or bowel, length of hospital stay (days) and admission to intensive care unit (ICU)) and depth of placental invasion. The correlation between the present ultrasound staging system and the clinical grading system proposed by FIGO was assessed. Prenatal and surgical management were not based on the proposed prenatal ultrasound staging system. Linear and multiple regression models were used. RESULTS Two-hundred and fifty-nine women were included in the analysis. Mean EBL was 516 ± 151 mL in women with PAS0, 609 ± 146 mL in those with PAS1, 950 ± 190 mL in those with PAS2 and 1323 ± 533 mL in those with PAS3, and increased significantly with increasing severity of PAS ultrasound stage. Mean units of PRBC transfused were 0.05 ± 0.21 in PAS0, 0.10 ± 0.45 in PAS1, 1.19 ± 1.11 in PAS2 and 4.48 ± 2.06 in PAS3, and increased significantly with PAS stage. Similarly, there was a progressive increase in the mean units of FFP transfused from PAS1 to PAS3 (0.0 ± 0.0 in PAS1, 0.25 ± 1.0 in PAS2 and 3.63 ± 2.67 in PAS3). Women presenting with PAS3 on ultrasound had significantly more units of PLT transfused (2.37 ± 2.40) compared with those with PAS0 (0.03 ± 0.18), PAS1 (0.0 ± 0.0) or PAS2 (0.0 ± 0.0). Mean operation time was longer in women with PAS3 (184 ± 32 min) compared with those with PAS1 (153 ± 38 min) or PAS2 (161 ± 28 min). Similarly, women with PAS3 had longer hospital stay (7.4 ± 2.1 days) compared with those with PAS0 (3.4 ± 0.6 days), PAS1 (6.4 ± 1.3 days) or PAS2 (5.9 ± 0.8 days). On linear regression analysis, after adjusting for all potential confounders, higher PAS stage was associated independently with a significant increase in EBL (314 (95% CI, 230-399) mL per one-stage increase; P < 0.001), units of PRBC transfused (1.74 (95% CI, 1.33-2.15) per one-stage increase; P < 0.001), units of FFP transfused (1.19 (95% CI, 0.61-1.77) per one-stage increase; P < 0.001), units of PLT transfused (1.03 (95% CI, 0.59-1.47) per one-stage increase; P < 0.001), operation time (38.8 (95% CI, 31.6-46.1) min per one-stage increase; P < 0.001) and length of hospital stay (0.83 (95% CI, 0.46-1.27) days per one-stage increase; P < 0.001). On logistic regression analysis, increased severity of PAS was associated independently with surgical complications (odds ratio, 3.14 (95% CI, 1.36-7.25); P = 0.007), while only PAS3 was associated with admission to the ICU (P < 0.001). All women with PAS0 on ultrasound were classified as having Grade-1 PAS disorder according to the FIGO grading system. Conversely, of the women presenting with PAS1 on ultrasound, 64.1% (95% CI, 48.4-77.3%) were classified as having Grade-3, while 35.9% (95% CI, 22.7-51.6%) were classified as having Grade-4 PAS disorder, according to the FIGO grading system. All women with PAS2 were categorized as having Grade-5 and all those with PAS3 as having Grade-6 PAS disorder according to the FIGO system. CONCLUSION Ultrasound staging of PAS disorders is feasible and correlates with surgical outcome, depth of invasion and the FIGO clinical grading system. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Arnas Civico Hospital, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Azienda Ospedaliera Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - F Forlani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Arnas Civico Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Lees
- Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Timor-Tritsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Palacios-Jaraquemada
- Centre for Medical Education and Clinical Research (CEMIC), University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Dall'Asta
- Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - A Bhide
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Division of Developmental Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - M E Flacco
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - L Manzoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Labate
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Azienda Ospedaliera Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Perino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Azienda Ospedaliera Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Scambia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - F D'Antonio
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Li M, Sala V, De Santis MC, Cimino J, Cappello P, Pianca N, Di Bona A, Margaria JP, Martini M, Lazzarini E, Pirozzi F, Rossi L, Franco I, Bornbaum J, Heger J, Rohrbach S, Perino A, Tocchetti CG, Lima BH, Teixeira MM, Porporato PE, Schulz R, Angelini A, Sandri M, Ameri P, Sciarretta S, Lima-Júnior RCP, Mongillo M, Zaglia T, Morello F, Novelli F, Hirsch E, Ghigo A. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Gamma Inhibition Protects From Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity and Reduces Tumor Growth. Circulation 2018; 138:696-711. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuan Li
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Valentina Sala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
- A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, S.C. Emergency Medicine, Torino, Italy (V.S., F.M.)
| | - Maria Chiara De Santis
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - James Cimino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Paola Cappello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy (P.C., F.N.)
| | - Nicola Pianca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
| | - Anna Di Bona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (A.D.B., A.A., T.Z.)
| | - Jean Piero Margaria
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Edoardo Lazzarini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, University of Genova and IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, Italy (E.L., P.A.)
| | - Flora Pirozzi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy (F.P., C.G.T.)
| | - Luca Rossi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Irene Franco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Julia Bornbaum
- Institut für Physiologie, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany (J.B., J.H., S.R., R.S.)
| | - Jacqueline Heger
- Institut für Physiologie, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany (J.B., J.H., S.R., R.S.)
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Institut für Physiologie, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany (J.B., J.H., S.R., R.S.)
| | - Alessia Perino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Carlo G. Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy (F.P., C.G.T.)
| | - Braulio H.F. Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (B.H.F.L., M.M.T.)
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (B.H.F.L., M.M.T.)
| | - Paolo E. Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institut für Physiologie, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany (J.B., J.H., S.R., R.S.)
| | - Annalisa Angelini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (A.D.B., A.A., T.Z.)
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, University of Genova and IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, Italy (E.L., P.A.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina, Italy (S.S.)
| | - Roberto César P. Lima-Júnior
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Cancer, Universidade Federal do Ceará/UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil (R.C.P.L.-J.)
| | - Marco Mongillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
| | - Tania Zaglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy (N.P., A.D.B., M.S., M.M., T.Z.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (A.D.B., A.A., T.Z.)
| | - Fulvio Morello
- A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, S.C. Emergency Medicine, Torino, Italy (V.S., F.M.)
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy (P.C., F.N.)
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (M.L., V.S., M.C.D.S., J.C., J.P.M., M.M., F.P., L.R., I.F., A.P., P.E.P., R.C.P.L.-J., E.H., A.G.)
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19
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Lajczak NK, Saint-Criq V, O'Dwyer AM, Perino A, Adorini L, Schoonjans K, Keely SJ. Bile acids deoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid differentially regulate human β-defensin-1 and -2 secretion by colonic epithelial cells. FASEB J 2017; 31:3848-3857. [PMID: 28487283 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601365r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids and epithelial-derived human β-defensins (HβDs) are known to be important factors in the regulation of colonic mucosal barrier function and inflammation. We hypothesized that bile acids regulate colonic HβD expression and aimed to test this by investigating the effects of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid on the expression and release of HβD1 and HβD2 from colonic epithelial cells and mucosal tissues. DCA (10-150 µM) stimulated the release of both HβD1 and HβD2 from epithelial cell monolayers and human colonic mucosal tissue in vitro In contrast, ursodeoxycholic acid (50-200 µM) inhibited both basal and DCA-induced defensin release. Effects of DCA were mimicked by the Takeda GPCR 5 agonist, INT-777 (50 μM), but not by the farnesoid X receptor agonist, GW4064 (10 μM). INT-777 also stimulated colonic HβD1 and HβD2 release from wild-type, but not Takeda GPCR 5-/-, mice. DCA stimulated phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB, an effect that was attenuated by ursodeoxycholic acid, whereas an NF-κB inhibitor, BMS-345541 (25 μM), inhibited DCA-induced HβD2, but not HβD1, release. We conclude that bile acids can differentially regulate colonic epithelial HβD expression and secretion and discuss the implications of our findings for intestinal health and disease.-Lajczak, N. K., Saint-Criq, V., O'Dwyer, A. M., Perino, A., Adorini, L., Schoonjans, K., Keely, S. J. Bile acids deoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid differentially regulate human β-defensin-1 and -2 secretion by colonic epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia K Lajczak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vinciane Saint-Criq
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife M O'Dwyer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Stephen J Keely
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland;
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20
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Cucinella G, Calagna G, Romano G, Di Buono G, Gugliotta G, Saitta S, Adile G, Manzone M, Accardi G, Perino A, Agrusa A. Robotic versus laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for apical prolapse: a case-control study. G Chir 2017; 37:113-117. [PMID: 27734794 DOI: 10.11138/gchir/2016.37.3.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The apical prolapse has always been considered the most complex of the defects of the pelvic floor, for both the difficulty of the surgical corrective technique and for the high post-surgical recurrence rate. Today, the laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy can be considered the standard treatment for apical prolapse. In the last years, several author performed robotic sacrocolpopexy, obtaining positive results. So, we developed a casecontrol study in order to compare the surgical outcome of robotic group with a control group of laparoscopic approach in patients with symptomatic apical pro-lapsed between January 2015 and December 2015 at University Hospital Policlinico "P. Giaccone" and Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Palermo. Our experience shows that robotic sacrocolpopexy can be considered in positive way for clinical results obtained: all procedures were executed with no complications, we noted a lower intraoperative blood loss and a shorter hospital stay than in laparoscopic group. Although the mean operative time and the economic costs are higher in robotic surgery, this study demonstrates that the use of robotic platform for repairing of symptomatic apical vaginal prolapse is feasible, safe and associated with short-term satisfactory results, representing therefore a valid alternative to laparoscopic approach.
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21
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Svelato A, Ragusa A, Alimondi P, Di Tommaso M, Marci R, Barbagallo V, Alampi RDF, Calagna G, Perino A. Occiput-spine relationship: shoulders are more important than head. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21:1178-1183. [PMID: 28387916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the role of fetal spine position in determining a fetal head position at the time of birth and modality of delivery. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a multicenter prospective observational study. Fetal occiput and spine position were evaluated by intrapartum ultrasound. Eighty-six women were eligible for inclusion in the study. Occiput rotational movements and modality of delivery in relation to the fetal spine position were investigated. RESULTS At the beginning of labor, fetal occiput was in a posterior position in 52.3% of cases and, in 81.5% of cases the spine was in an anterior transverse position. At birth, occiput and spine were both in an anterior position in 90.4% of cases. The rate of cesarean sections in the SP group was significantly higher than the rate in the SAT group (50% vs. 8%, p < 0.0007). Instead, the rate of vaginal deliveries without intervention in the SP group was significantly lower than the rate in the SA group (14% vs. 71%, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Fetal spine position could have an important role in determining fetal occiput position at birth. Spine position might play a crucial role in the outcome of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Svelato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massa Carrara General Hospital, Massa Carrara, Italy.
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22
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Gariani K, Ryu D, Menzies KJ, Yi HS, Stein S, Zhang H, Perino A, Lemos V, Katsyuba E, Jha P, Vijgen S, Rubbia-Brandt L, Kim YK, Kim JT, Kim KS, Shong M, Schoonjans K, Auwerx J. Inhibiting poly ADP-ribosylation increases fatty acid oxidation and protects against fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2017; 66:132-141. [PMID: 27663419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To date, no pharmacological therapy has been approved for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in mouse models of NAFLD. METHODS As poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) of proteins by PARPs consumes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), we hypothesized that overactivation of PARPs drives NAD+ depletion in NAFLD. Therefore, we assessed the effectiveness of PARP inhibition to replenish NAD+ and activate NAD+-dependent sirtuins, hence improving hepatic fatty acid oxidation. To do this, we examined the preventive and therapeutic benefits of the PARP inhibitor (PARPi), olaparib, in different models of NAFLD. RESULTS The induction of NAFLD in C57BL/6J mice using a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS)-diet increased PARylation of proteins by PARPs. As such, increased PARylation was associated with reduced NAD+ levels and mitochondrial function and content, which was concurrent with elevated hepatic lipid content. HFHS diet supplemented with PARPi reversed NAFLD through repletion of NAD+, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and β-oxidation in liver. Furthermore, PARPi reduced reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress and fibrosis. The benefits of PARPi treatment were confirmed in mice fed with a methionine- and choline-deficient diet and in mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis; PARP activation was attenuated and the development of hepatic injury was delayed in both models. Using Sirt1hep-/- mice, the beneficial effects of a PARPi-supplemented HFHS diet were found to be Sirt1-dependent. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a novel and practical pharmacological approach for treating NAFLD, fueling optimism for potential clinical studies. LAY SUMMARY Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now considered to be the most common liver disease in the Western world and has no approved pharmacological therapy. PARP inhibitors given as a treatment in two different mouse models of NAFLD confer a protection against its development. PARP inhibitors may therefore represent a novel and practical pharmacological approach for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Gariani
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Rd, K1H 8M5 Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Sokrates Stein
- Metabolic Signaling, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Metabolic Signaling, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vera Lemos
- Metabolic Signaling, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Katsyuba
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pooja Jha
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Vijgen
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Yong Kyung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Metabolic Signaling, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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23
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Campa CC, Germena G, Ciraolo E, Copperi F, Sapienza A, Franco I, Ghigo A, Camporeale A, Di Savino A, Martini M, Perino A, Megens RTA, Kurz ARM, Scheiermann C, Sperandio M, Gamba A, Hirsch E. Rac signal adaptation controls neutrophil mobilization from the bone marrow. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra124. [PMID: 27999173 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah5882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mobilization of neutrophils from the bone marrow determines neutrophil blood counts and thus is medically important. Balanced neutrophil mobilization from the bone marrow depends on the retention-promoting chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 and the egression-promoting chemokine CXCL2 and its receptor CXCR2. Both pathways activate the small guanosine triphosphatase Rac, leaving the role of this signaling event in neutrophil retention and egression ambiguous. On the assumption that active Rac determines persistent directional cell migration, we generated a mathematical model to link chemokine-mediated Rac modulation to neutrophil egression time. Our computer simulation indicated that, in the bone marrow, where the retention signal predominated, egression time strictly depended on the time it took Rac to return to its basal activity (namely, adaptation). This prediction was validated in mice lacking the Rac inhibitor ArhGAP15. Neutrophils in these mice showed prolonged Rac adaptation and cell-autonomous retention in the bone marrow. Our model thus demonstrates that mobilization in the presence of two spatially defined opposing chemotactic cues strictly depends on inhibitors shaping the time course of signal adaptation. Furthermore, our findings might help to find new modes of intervention to treat conditions characterized by excessively low or high circulating neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cosimo Campa
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Germena
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Ciraolo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Copperi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Sapienza
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Irene Franco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Annalisa Camporeale
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Augusta Di Savino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Perino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Remco T A Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkoferstrasse 9, 80336 Munich, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Angela R M Kurz
- Biomedical Center, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Biomedical Center, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Biomedical Center, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrea Gamba
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Institute of Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy. .,Human Genetics Foundation, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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24
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Abstract
For more than two decades, the intravenous administration of high doses of IgG pooled from the plasma of healthy donors (immune globulin therapy, also known as ‘IVIG’) has benefited patients with a variety of autoimmune disorders. A potential therapeutic role of IVIG in the prevention of thrombosis and of miscarriages in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) has been postulated. Multicenter randomized controlled trials attempted to define the role of IVIG in preventing pregnancy complications in APS indicate that simple anticoagulation could not be completely satisfactory, and certain patient subgroups might take advantage of IVIG therapy alone or in combination with heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Triolo
- Sezione di Reumatologia, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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25
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Perino A, Cucinella G, Gugliotta G, Saitta S, Polito S, Adile B, Marci R, Calagna G. Is vaginal fractional CO2 laser treatment effective in improving overactive bladder symptoms in post-menopausal patients? Preliminary results. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:2491-2497. [PMID: 27383297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of vaginal fractional CO2 laser treatment in the relief of Overactive Bladder (OAB) symptoms in post-menopausal women. PATIENTS AND METHODS Post-menopausal women who complained of one or more symptoms related to vulvo-vaginal atrophy (VVA), who experienced symptoms of OAB and who underwent vaginal treatment with fractional CO2 laser were enrolled in the study. At baseline (T0) and 30 days post-treatment T1), vaginal status (using Vaginal Health Index - VHI), subjective intensity of VVA symptoms (using a visual analog scale - VAS) and micturition diary were evaluated. OAB symptoms were also assessed using a validated questionnaire. RESULTS Thirty patients were enrolled. A statistically significant improvement in VVA symptoms was observed and in VHI at T1 (p < 0.0001). A significant improvement was also identified in the micturition diary, in number of urge episodes and OAB-q (p < 0.0001). Nine of the 30 patients suffered from incontinence episodes and had improved at T1. CONCLUSIONS We showed that fractionated CO2 laser vaginal treatment has proved to be effective in improving OAB symptoms in post-menopausal women. Moreover, it is a safe and efficacious measure for the relief of VVA related conditions. Further long-term studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Perino
- Department of Science for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Gariani K, Menzies KJ, Ryu D, Wegner CJ, Wang X, Ropelle ER, Moullan N, Zhang H, Perino A, Lemos V, Kim B, Park Y, Piersigilli A, Pham TX, Yang Y, Ku CS, Koo SI, Fomitchova A, Cantó C, Schoonjans K, Sauve AA, Lee J, Auwerx J. Eliciting the mitochondrial unfolded protein response by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide repletion reverses fatty liver disease in mice. Hepatology 2016; 63:1190-204. [PMID: 26404765 PMCID: PMC4805450 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED With no approved pharmacological treatment, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries and its worldwide prevalence continues to increase along with the growing obesity epidemic. Here, we show that a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet, eliciting chronic hepatosteatosis resembling human fatty liver, lowers hepatic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+) ) levels driving reductions in hepatic mitochondrial content, function, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, in conjunction with robust increases in hepatic weight, lipid content, and peroxidation in C57BL/6J mice. To assess the effect of NAD(+) repletion on the development of steatosis in mice, nicotinamide riboside, a precursor of NAD(+) biosynthesis, was added to the HFHS diet, either as a preventive strategy or as a therapeutic intervention. We demonstrate that NR prevents and reverts NAFLD by inducing a sirtuin (SIRT)1- and SIRT3-dependent mitochondrial unfolded protein response, triggering an adaptive mitohormetic pathway to increase hepatic β-oxidation and mitochondrial complex content and activity. The cell-autonomous beneficial component of NR treatment was revealed in liver-specific Sirt1 knockout mice (Sirt1(hep-/-) ), whereas apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (Apoe(-/-) ) challenged with a high-fat high-cholesterol diet affirmed the use of NR in other independent models of NAFLD. CONCLUSION Our data warrant the future evaluation of NAD(+) boosting strategies to manage the development or progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Gariani
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Keir J. Menzies
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Interdisciplinary School of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Casey J. Wegner
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Xu Wang
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Eduardo R. Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied ScienceUniversity of CampinasLimeiraSão PauloBrazil
| | - Norman Moullan
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Metabolic SignalingÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Vera Lemos
- School of Life SciencesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Bohkyung Kim
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Young‐Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- School of Life SciencesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Institute of Animal PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Tho X. Pham
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Chai Siah Ku
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Sung I. Koo
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Anna Fomitchova
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Carlos Cantó
- Nestlé Institute of Health SciencesLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- School of Life SciencesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Ji‐Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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Cianci A, Colacurci N, Paoletti AM, Perino A, Cicinelli E, Maffei S, Martino MD, Daguati R, Stomati M, Pilloni M, Vitale SG, Ricci E, Parazzini F. Soy isoflavones, inulin, calcium, and vitamin D3 in post-menopausal hot flushes: an observational study. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2015. [DOI: 10.12891/ceog2008.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Capra G, Nyitray AG, Lu B, Perino A, Marci R, Schillaci R, Matranga D, Firenze A, Caleca M, Bellavia C, Guarneri F, Giuliano A, Giovannelli L. Analysis of persistence of human papillomavirus infection in men evaluated by sampling multiple genital sites. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015; 19:4153-4163. [PMID: 26592842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been studied extensively in women, data on male infection are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate persistence of HPV infection at multiple genital sites in men and to define potential associations with socio-behavioural characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHODS Penile, urethral and seminal specimens were tested by the INNO-LiPA HPV system (Innogenetics) and a PCR assay. Persistence was defined as the detection of same HPV type at ≥ 2 consecutive visits. The Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test were applied to estimate the likelihood of persistence. RESULTS A total of 50 men (median age: 33 years) were followed for a median of 14.7 months. Altogether, 49%, 36%, 26% and 11% of baseline HPV-positive men had 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month persistent infection with any HPV type, respectively. The 6-, 12- and 18- month persistence was more common for oncogenic HPV infections; 24-month persistence was similar. The median duration of persistence was 21.7 months for any HPV. The median duration of persistence for any HPV type was significantly longer in the penile sample (22.5 months, 95% CI: 18.3-26.7) than the semen sample (15.3 months, 95% CI: 14.5-16.1). CONCLUSIONS Over a third of type-specific HPV infections in men remained persistent over a 24-month period. The median duration of HPV infection was longer in penile samples compared to seminal samples. As being increasing the attention of HPV vaccination as a potential preventive approach also for men, it is imperative to obtain additional insight on natural history of HPV infection in men, particularly as far as incidence and duration are concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Capra
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", "Paolo Giaccone" Polyclinic University Hospital, Palermo, Italy.
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Zhang M, Prosser BL, Bamboye MA, Gondim ANS, Santos CX, Martin D, Ghigo A, Perino A, Brewer AC, Ward CW, Hirsch E, Lederer WJ, Shah AM. Contractile Function During Angiotensin-II Activation: Increased Nox2 Activity Modulates Cardiac Calcium Handling via Phospholamban Phosphorylation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:261-272. [PMID: 26184620 PMCID: PMC4509515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renin-angiotensin system activation is a feature of many cardiovascular conditions. Activity of myocardial reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NADPH oxidase 2 or Nox2) is enhanced by angiotensin II (Ang II) and contributes to increased hypertrophy, fibrosis, and adverse remodeling. Recent studies found that Nox2-mediated reactive oxygen species production modulates physiological cardiomyocyte function. OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the effects of cardiomyocyte Nox2 on contractile function during increased Ang II activation. METHODS We generated a cardiomyocyte-targeted Nox2-transgenic mouse model and studied the effects of in vivo and ex vivo Ang II stimulation, as well as chronic aortic banding. RESULTS Chronic subpressor Ang II infusion induced greater cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic than wild-type mice but unexpectedly enhanced contractile function. Acute Ang II treatment also enhanced contractile function in transgenic hearts in vivo and transgenic cardiomyocytes ex vivo. Ang II-stimulated Nox2 activity increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) uptake in transgenic mice, increased the Ca(2+) transient and contractile amplitude, and accelerated cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation. Elevated Nox2 activity increased phospholamban phosphorylation in both hearts and cardiomyocytes, related to inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 activity. In a model of aortic banding-induced chronic pressure overload, heart function was similarly depressed in transgenic and wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel mechanism in which Nox2 modulates cardiomyocyte SR Ca(2+) uptake and contractile function through redox-regulated changes in phospholamban phosphorylation. This mechanism can drive increased contractility in the short term in disease states characterized by enhanced renin-angiotensin system activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin L Prosser
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Moradeke A Bamboye
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Antonio N S Gondim
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Education, Campus XII, University of Bahia State, Guanambi, Brazil
| | - Celio X Santos
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Martin
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Perino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alison C Brewer
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher W Ward
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - W Jonathan Lederer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom.
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Fang S, Suh JM, Reilly SM, Yu E, Osborn O, Lackey D, Yoshihara E, Perino A, Jacinto S, Lukasheva Y, Atkins AR, Khvat A, Schnabl B, Yu RT, Brenner DA, Coulter S, Liddle C, Schoonjans K, Olefsky JM, Saltiel AR, Downes M, Evans RM. Intestinal FXR agonism promotes adipose tissue browning and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Nat Med 2015; 21:159-65. [PMID: 25559344 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The systemic expression of the bile acid (BA) sensor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has led to promising new therapies targeting cholesterol metabolism, triglyceride production, hepatic steatosis and biliary cholestasis. In contrast to systemic therapy, bile acid release during a meal selectively activates intestinal FXR. By mimicking this tissue-selective effect, the gut-restricted FXR agonist fexaramine (Fex) robustly induces enteric fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15), leading to alterations in BA composition, but does so without activating FXR target genes in the liver. However, unlike systemic agonism, we find that Fex reduces diet-induced weight gain, body-wide inflammation and hepatic glucose production, while enhancing thermogenesis and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). These pronounced metabolic improvements suggest tissue-restricted FXR activation as a new approach in the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsoon Fang
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jae Myoung Suh
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shannon M Reilly
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elizabeth Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Denise Lackey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eiji Yoshihara
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alessia Perino
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Jacinto
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yelizaveta Lukasheva
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Annette R Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David A Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sally Coulter
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- 1] Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
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Cianci A, Colacurci N, Paoletti AM, Perino A, Cicinelli E, Maffei S, Di Martino M, Daguati R, Stomati M, Pilloni M, Vitale SG, Ricci E, Parazzini F. Soy isoflavones, inulin, calcium, and vitamin D3 in post-menopausal hot flushes: an observational study. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2015; 42:743-5. [PMID: 26753476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION To evaluate the effect of soy isoflavones and inulin (SII) on hot flushes (HF) and quality of life in a clinical setting, the authors conducted an observational study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors performed an observational, prospective, multicentric study on women in peri-/post-menopause treated or untreated with a product present on the Italian market, consisting in a mixture of calcium (500 mg), vitamin D3 (300 IU), inulin (3 g) and soy isoflavones (40 mg). RESULTS A total of 135 patients, 75 (55.6%) in the SII group and 60 (44.4%) in the untreated group entered the study. After three months, the mean number of HF declined of 2.8 (SD 3.7) in the SII group and 0.0 in the untreated one. The corresponding values after six months were -3.7 (SD 2.7) in the SII group and -0.9 (SD 5.3) in the control group (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION This observational trial suggests a possible beneficial effect of a dietary soy supplement containing 40 mg of isoflavone/day plus inulin in the management of menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes.
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Soave I, Caserta D, Wenger JM, Dessole S, Perino A, Marci R. Environment and Endometriosis: a toxic relationship. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015; 19:1964-1972. [PMID: 26125255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common, benign, estrogen-dependent gynecological disease that represents one of the main causes of hospitalization in industrialized countries. It is well established that a large amount of natural and man-made chemicals are present in the environment and both humans and animals are exposed to them. Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds have long biological half-life, can accumulate within the organism and could negatively affect several physiological processes. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the possible relationship between these chemicals and the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Soave
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy.
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Perino A, Beretta M, Kilić A, Ghigo A, Carnevale D, Repetto IE, Braccini L, Longo D, Liebig-Gonglach M, Zaglia T, Iacobucci R, Mongillo M, Wetzker R, Bauer M, Aime S, Vercelli A, Lembo G, Pfeifer A, Hirsch E. Combined inhibition of PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ reduces fat mass by enhancing α-MSH-dependent sympathetic drive. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra110. [PMID: 25406378 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is defined as an abnormal increase in white adipose tissue and has become a major medical burden worldwide. Signals from the brain control not only appetite but also energy expenditure, both of which contribute to body weight. We showed that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of two phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ) in mice reduced fat mass by promoting increased energy expenditure. This effect was accompanied by stimulation of lipolysis and the acquisition of the energy-burning characteristics of brown adipocytes by white adipocytes, a process referred to as "browning." The browning of the white adipocytes involved increased norepinephrine release from the sympathetic nervous system. We found that PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ together promoted a negative feedback loop downstream of the melanocortin 4 receptor in the central nervous system, which controls appetite and energy expenditure in the periphery. Analysis of mice with drug-induced sympathetic denervation suggested that these kinases controlled the sympathetic drive in the brain. Administration of inhibitors of both PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ to mice by intracerebroventricular delivery induced a 10% reduction in fat mass as quickly as 10 days. These results suggest that combined inhibition of PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ might represent a promising treatment for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Perino
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Martina Beretta
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ana Kilić
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Carnevale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy. Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Ivan Enrico Repetto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Braccini
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Longo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Tania Zaglia
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Iacobucci
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Marco Mongillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Reinhard Wetzker
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lembo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy. Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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Ryu D, Jo YS, Lo Sasso G, Stein S, Zhang H, Perino A, Lee JU, Zeviani M, Romand R, Hottiger MO, Schoonjans K, Auwerx J. A SIRT7-dependent acetylation switch of GABPβ1 controls mitochondrial function. Cell Metab 2014; 20:856-869. [PMID: 25200183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial activity is controlled by proteins encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Here, we identify Sirt7 as a crucial regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis. Sirt7 deficiency in mice induces multisystemic mitochondrial dysfunction, which is reflected by increased blood lactate levels, reduced exercise performance, cardiac dysfunction, hepatic microvesicular steatosis, and age-related hearing loss. This link between SIRT7 and mitochondrial function is translatable in humans, where SIRT7 overexpression rescues the mitochondrial functional defect in fibroblasts with a mutation in NDUFSI. These wide-ranging effects of SIRT7 on mitochondrial homeostasis are the consequence of the deacetylation of distinct lysine residues located in the hetero- and homodimerization domains of GABPβ1, a master regulator of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. SIRT7-mediated deacetylation of GABPβ1 facilitates complex formation with GABPα and the transcriptional activation of the GABPα/GABPβ heterotetramer. Altogether, these data suggest that SIRT7 is a dynamic nuclear regulator of mitochondrial function through its impact on GABPβ1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongryeol Ryu
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Young Suk Jo
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Giuseppe Lo Sasso
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sokrates Stein
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jung Uee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, the Carlo Besta Institute of Neurology IRCCS, 20133 Milan, Italy; MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Raymond Romand
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Perino A, Pols TWH, Nomura M, Stein S, Pellicciari R, Schoonjans K. TGR5 reduces macrophage migration through mTOR-induced C/EBPβ differential translation. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:5424-36. [PMID: 25365223 DOI: 10.1172/jci76289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The bile acid-responsive G protein-coupled receptor TGR5 is involved in several metabolic processes, and recent studies suggest that TGR5 activation may promote pathways that are protective against diet-induced diabetes. Here, we investigated the role of macrophage-specific TGR5 signaling in protecting adipose tissue from inflammation and associated insulin resistance. Examination of adipose tissue from obese mice lacking macrophage Tgr5 revealed enhanced inflammation, increased chemokine expression, and higher macrophage numbers compared with control obese animals. Moreover, macrophage-specific deletion of Tgr5 exacerbated insulin resistance in obese animals. Conversely, pharmacological activation of TGR5 markedly decreased LPS-induced chemokine expression in primary macrophages. This reduction was mediated by AKT-dependent activation of mTOR complex 1, which in turn induced the differential translation of the dominant-negative C/EBPβ isoform, liver inhibitory protein (LIP). Overall, these studies reveal a signaling pathway downstream of TGR5 that modulates chemokine expression in response to high-fat diet and suggest that targeting this pathway has the potential to be therapeutically exploited for prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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36
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Di Spiezio Sardo A, Calagna G, Spinelli M, Coppola C, Zizolfi B, Perino A, Nappi C. “Cold Loop Technique” and Bipolar Technology: A Safer Hysteroscopic Approach to Remove Submucosal Myomas with Intramural Development in a Single Surgical Step. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.08.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Stein S, Oosterveer MH, Mataki C, Xu P, Lemos V, Havinga R, Dittner C, Ryu D, Menzies KJ, Wang X, Perino A, Houten SM, Melchior F, Schoonjans K. SUMOylation-dependent LRH-1/PROX1 interaction promotes atherosclerosis by decreasing hepatic reverse cholesterol transport. Cell Metab 2014; 20:603-13. [PMID: 25176150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is an antiatherogenic process in which excessive cholesterol from peripheral tissues is transported to the liver and finally excreted from the body via the bile. The nuclear receptor liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH-1) drives expression of genes regulating RCT, and its activity can be modified by different posttranslational modifications. Here, we show that atherosclerosis-prone mice carrying a mutation that abolishes SUMOylation of LRH-1 on K289R develop less aortic plaques than control littermates when exposed to a high-cholesterol diet. The mechanism underlying this atheroprotection involves an increase in RCT and its associated hepatic genes and is secondary to a compromised interaction of LRH-1 K289R with the corepressor prospero homeobox protein 1 (PROX1). Our study reveals that the SUMOylation status of a single nuclear receptor lysine residue can impact the development of a complex metabolic disease such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokrates Stein
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maaike H Oosterveer
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chikage Mataki
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pan Xu
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vera Lemos
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Dittner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie Heidelberg, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and University Hospital Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xu Wang
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sander M Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Frauke Melchior
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Cabibi D, Aragona F, Cucinella G, Tiberio C, Calagna G, Perino A. Cellular schwannoma of the retroperitoneum with cystic degeneration, mimicking an ovarian cyst, with CKAE1/AE3 and desmin expression. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2014; 35:423. [PMID: 25180931 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2014.951607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Cabibi
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital 'Paolo Giaccone' , Palermo , Italy
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39
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Abstract
Bile acid metabolism is tightly controlled due to the toxic effects of bile acid overload. In this issue, research from the Feng lab reports Shp2 as a novel integrator of hepatic bile acid and FGF15/FGF19 signaling, adding another layer of complexity to the control of bile acid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Perino
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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40
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Lo Sasso G, Menzies KJ, Mottis A, Piersigilli A, Perino A, Yamamoto H, Schoonjans K, Auwerx J. SIRT2 deficiency modulates macrophage polarization and susceptibility to experimental colitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103573. [PMID: 25072851 PMCID: PMC4114785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SIRT2 belongs to a highly conserved family of NAD+-dependent deacylases, consisting of seven members (SIRT1-SIRT7), which vary in subcellular localizations and have substrates ranging from histones to transcription factors and enzymes. Recently SIRT2 was revealed to play an important role in inflammation, directly binding, deacetylating, and inhibiting the p65 subunit of NF-κB. METHODS A Sirt2 deficient mouse line (Sirt2-/-) was generated by deleting exons 5-7, encoding part of the SIRT2 deacetylase domain, by homologous recombination. Age- and sex-matched Sirt2-/- and Sirt2+/+ littermate mice were subjected to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and analyzed for colitis susceptibility. RESULTS Sirt2-/- mice displayed more severe clinical and histological manifestations after DSS colitis compared to wild type littermates. Notably, under basal condition, Sirt2 deficiency does not affect the basal phenotype and intestinal morphology Sirt2 deficiency, however, affects macrophage polarization, creating a pro-inflammatory milieu in the immune cells compartment. CONCLUSION These data confirm a protective role for SIRT2 against the development of inflammatory processes, pointing out a potential role for this sirtuin as a suppressor of colitis. In fact, SIRT2 deletion promotes inflammatory responses by increasing NF-κB acetylation and by reducing the M2-associated anti-inflammatory pathway. Finally, we speculate that the activation of SIRT2 may be a potential approach for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lo Sasso
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Keir Joe Menzies
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Mottis
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hiroyasu Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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41
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Abstract
The vitamin D endocrine system has many extraskeletal targets, including adipose tissue. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃, the active form of vitamin D, not only increases adipogenesis and the expression of typical adipocyte genes but also decreases the expression of uncoupling proteins. Mice with disrupted vitamin D action--owing to gene deletion of the nuclear receptor vitamin D receptor (Vdr) or the gene encoding 1α-hydroxylase (Cyp27b1)--lose fat mass over time owing to an increase in energy expenditure, whereas mice with increased Vdr-mediated signalling in adipose tissue become obese. The resistance to diet-induced obesity in mice with disrupted Vdr signalling is caused at least partially by increased expression of uncoupling proteins in white adipose tissue. However, the bile acid pool is also increased in these animals, and bile acids are known to be potent inducers of energy expenditure through activation of several nuclear receptors, including Vdr, and G-protein-coupled receptors, such as GPBAR1 (also known as TGR5). By contrast, in humans, obesity is strongly associated with poor vitamin D status. A causal link has not been firmly proven, but most intervention studies have failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on body weight. The reasons for the major discrepancy between mouse and human data are unclear, but understanding the link between vitamin D status and energy homeostasis could potentially be very important for the human epidemic of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, O&NI Herestraat 49 - bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, O&NI Herestraat 49 - bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Lieben
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, O&NI Herestraat 49 - bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mitsuhiro Watanabe
- Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo Fujisawa-shi, 252-0882 Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Alessia Perino
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, AI 1149, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, AI 1149, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, AI 1149, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annemieke Verstuyf
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, O&NI Herestraat 49 - bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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42
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Origoni M, Salvatore S, Perino A, Cucinella G, Candiani M. Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) in pregnancy: the state of the art. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18:851-860. [PMID: 24706310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cervical cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in pregnancy and cervical screening should be accordingly performed in this particular situation. Occurrence of a preneoplastic cervical disease in pregnancy has for a long time represented a challenge for the clinician, both in terms of diagnostic accuracy, treatment options and risk of obstetrical complications. For these reasons, lack of uniformity in diagnosis and management is still commonly observed and the need for evidence-based clarifications is strongly required. Consistently with the literature evidences and accordingly with international guidelines, this review aim to overview the most significant aspects of the issue and trace simple and practical indications for an evidence-based correct workout and management of these conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The most significative and focused-on results from literature as well as recent international guidelines have been considered and summarized in order to clarify the key-points of the topic; epidemiology, pathophysiology, natural history, treatment modalities and procedure-related risks have been approached and discussed. RESULTS Risk factors, prevalence and progression rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in pregnancy are comparable to those observed in non-pregnant patients; thus, pregnancy does not have to be considered a condition at higher risk. Cytology, histology and colposcopic patterns must be evaluated by experienced professionals because of pregnancy-induced modifications that can lead to misinterpretations. Each diagnostic step should be directed to exclusion of invasive cervical cancer. CONCLUSIONS Once invasive cancer has been excluded through a comprehensive diagnostic workout, treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia can be safely deferred after delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Origoni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy.
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43
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure but clinical antioxidant trials have been unsuccessful. This may be because effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) depend upon their source, location, and concentration. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox) proteins generate ROS in a highly regulated fashion and modulate several components of the heart failure phenotype. RECENT ADVANCES Two Nox isoforms, Nox2 and Nox4, are expressed in the heart. Studies using gene-modified mice deficient in Nox2 activity indicate that Nox2 activation contributes to angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, and the development of interstitial fibrosis but may also positively modulate physiological excitation-contraction coupling. Nox2 contributes to myocyte death under stress situations and plays important roles in postmyocardial infarction remodeling, in part by modulating matrix metalloprotease activity. In contrast to Nox2, Nox4 is constitutively active at a low level and induces protective effects in the heart under chronic stress, for example, by maintaining myocardial capillary density. However, high levels of Nox4 could have detrimental effects. CRITICAL ISSUES The effects of Nox proteins during the development of heart failure likely depend upon the isoform, activation level, and cellular distribution, and may include beneficial as well as detrimental effects. More needs to be learnt about the precise regulation of abundance and biochemical activity of these proteins in the heart as well as the downstream signaling pathways that they regulate. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The development of specific approaches to target individual Nox isoforms and/or specific cell types may be important for the achievement of therapeutic efficacy in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
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44
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Schmidt C, Schneble N, Müller JP, Bauer R, Perino A, Marone R, Rybalkin SD, Wymann MP, Hirsch E, Wetzker R. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ mediates microglial phagocytosis via lipid kinase-independent control of cAMP. Neuroscience 2012; 233:44-53. [PMID: 23276671 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglial phagocytosis plays a key role in neuroprotective and neurodegenerative responses of the innate immune system in the brain. Here we investigated the regulatory function of phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) in phagocytosis of bacteria and Zymosan particles by mouse brain microglia in vitro and in vivo. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches our data revealed PI3Kγ as an essential mediator of microglial phagocytosis. Unexpectedly, microglia expressing lipid kinase deficient mutant PI3Kγ exhibited similar phagocytosis as wild-type cells. These data suggest kinase-independent stimulation of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity by PI3Kγ as a crucial mediator of phagocytosis. In sum our findings indicate PI3Kγ-dependent suppression of cAMP signaling as a critical regulatory element of microglial phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany
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45
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Abstract
Spatial and temporal organization of signal transduction is coordinated through the segregation of signaling enzymes in selected cellular compartments. This highly evolved regulatory mechanism ensures the activation of selected enzymes only in the vicinity of their target proteins. In this context, cAMP-responsive triggering of protein kinase A is modulated by a family of scaffold proteins referred to as A-kinase anchoring proteins. A-kinase anchoring proteins form the core of multiprotein complexes and enable simultaneous but segregated cAMP signaling events to occur in defined cellular compartments. In this review we will focus on the description of A-kinase anchoring protein function in the regulation of cardiac physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Perino
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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46
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Roller A, Perino A, Dapavo P, Soro E, Okkenhaug K, Hirsch E, Ji H. Blockade of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PI3Kδ or PI3Kγ reduces IL-17 and ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. J Immunol 2012; 189:4612-20. [PMID: 23024273 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease triggered by interplay between immune mediators from both innate and adaptive immune systems and skin tissue, in which the IL-23/IL-17 axis is critical. PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ play important roles in various immune cell functions. We found that mice lacking functional PI3Kδ or PI3Kγ are largely protected from imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis, correlating with reduced IL-17 levels in the lesions, serum, and the draining lymph nodes. TCRγδ T cells were the major IL-17-producing population in the draining lymph nodes and were significantly diminished in IMQ-treated PI3Kδ knockin and PI3Kγ knockout mice. We also show that PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ inhibitors reduced IFN-γ production by human TCRγδ T cells and IL-17 and IFN-γ production by PBMCs from psoriatic or healthy donors. In addition, inhibition of PI3Kγ, but not PI3Kδ, blocked chemotaxis of CCR6(+)IL-17-producing cells from IMQ-treated mice or healthy human donors. Taken together, these data indicate that PI3Kδ and/or PI3Kγ inhibitors should be considered for treating IL-17-driven diseases, such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Roller
- Rheumatology Research, Merck Serono S.A., 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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47
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Ghigo A, Perino A, Mehel H, Zahradníková A, Morello F, Leroy J, Nikolaev VO, Damilano F, Cimino J, De Luca E, Richter W, Westenbroek R, Catterall WA, Zhang J, Yan C, Conti M, Gomez AM, Vandecasteele G, Hirsch E, Fischmeister R. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ protects against catecholamine-induced ventricular arrhythmia through protein kinase A-mediated regulation of distinct phosphodiesterases. Circulation 2012; 126:2073-83. [PMID: 23008439 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.114074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) signaling engaged by β-adrenergic receptors is pivotal in the regulation of myocardial contractility and remodeling. However, the role of PI3Kγ in catecholamine-induced arrhythmia is currently unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice lacking PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ(-/-)) showed runs of premature ventricular contractions on adrenergic stimulation that could be rescued by a selective β(2)-adrenergic receptor blocker and developed sustained ventricular tachycardia after transverse aortic constriction. Consistently, fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes revealed abnormal cAMP accumulation after β(2)-adrenergic receptor activation in PI3Kγ(-/-) cardiomyocytes that depended on the loss of the scaffold but not of the catalytic activity of PI3Kγ. Downstream from β-adrenergic receptors, PI3Kγ was found to participate in multiprotein complexes linking protein kinase A to the activation of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3A, PDE4A, and PDE4B but not of PDE4D. These PI3Kγ-regulated PDEs lowered cAMP and limited protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of L-type calcium channel (Ca(v)1.2) and phospholamban. In PI3Kγ(-/-) cardiomyocytes, Ca(v)1.2 and phospholamban were hyperphosphorylated, leading to increased Ca(2+) spark occurrence and amplitude on adrenergic stimulation. Furthermore, PI3Kγ(-/-) cardiomyocytes showed spontaneous Ca(2+) release events and developed arrhythmic calcium transients. CONCLUSIONS PI3Kγ coordinates the coincident signaling of the major cardiac PDE3 and PDE4 isoforms, thus orchestrating a feedback loop that prevents calcium-dependent ventricular arrhythmia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Biofeedback, Psychology/physiology
- Calcium Signaling/genetics
- Catecholamines/toxicity
- Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/deficiency
- Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/genetics
- Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/physiology
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/physiology
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3/metabolism
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4/metabolism
- Gene Knock-In Techniques
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/enzymology
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ghigo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
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48
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Noghero A, Perino A, Seano G, Saglio E, Lo Sasso G, Veglio F, Primo L, Hirsch E, Bussolino F, Morello F. Liver X receptor activation reduces angiogenesis by impairing lipid raft localization and signaling of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2280-8. [PMID: 22723445 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.250621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver X receptors (LXRα, LXRβ) are master regulators of cholesterol homeostasis. In the endothelium, perturbations of cell cholesterol have an impact on fundamental processes. We, therefore, assessed the effects of LXR activation on endothelial functions related to angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS LXR agonists (T0901317, GW3965) blunted migration, tubulogenesis, and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. By affecting endothelial cholesterol homeostasis, LXR activation impaired the compartmentation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in lipid rafts/caveolae and led to defective phosphorylation and downstream signaling of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 upon vascular endothelial growth factor-A stimulation. Consistently, the antiangiogenic actions of LXR agonists could be prevented by coadministration of exogenous cholesterol. LXR agonists reduced endothelial sprouting from wild-type but not from LXRα(-/-)/LXRβ(-/-) knockout aortas and blunted the vascularization of implanted angioreactors in vivo. Furthermore, T0901317 reduced the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma grafts in mice by impairing angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological activation of endothelial LXRs reduces angiogenesis by restraining cholesterol-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 compartmentation and signaling. Thus, administration of LXR agonists could exert therapeutic effects in pathological conditions characterized by uncontrolled angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Noghero
- Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), Candiolo, Italy
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49
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs), a family of phosphorylated derivatives of the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol, are established regulators of multiple cellular functions. An increasing amount of evidence has highlighted potential links between PI-mediated signaling pathways and the etiology of many human diseases, including cardiovascular pathologies. This chapter will provide a detailed overview of the peculiar functions of the major cardiovascular PIs in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, heart failure, and arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Italy
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50
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Hu JCY, Seo BK, Neri QV, Rozenwaks Z, Palermo GD, Fields T, Neri QV, Monahan D, Rosenwaks Z, Palermo GD, Szkodziak P, Plewka K, Wozniak S, Czuczwar P, Mroczkowski A, Lorenzo Leon C, Hernandez J, Chinea Mendez E, Concepcion Lorenzo C, Sanabria Perez V, Puopolo M, Palumbo A, Toth B, Franz C, Montag M, Boing A, Strowitzki T, Nieuwland R, Griesinger G, Schultze-Mosgau A, Cordes T, Depenbusch M, Diedrich K, Vloeberghs V, Verheyen G, Camus M, Van de Velde H, Goossens A, Tournaye H, Coppola G, Di Caprio G, Wilding M, Ferraro P, Esposito G, Di Matteo L, Dale R, Coppola G, Dale B, Daoud S, Auger J, Wolf JP, Dulioust E, Lafuente R, Lopez G, Brassesco M, Hamad M, Montenarh M, Hammadeh M, Robles F, Magli MC, Crippa A, Pescatori E, Ferraretti AP, Gianaroli L, Zahiri M, Movahedin M, Mowla SJ, Noruzinia M, Crippa A, Ferraretti AP, Magli MC, Crivello AM, Robles F, Gianaroli L, Sermondade N, Dupont C, Hafhouf E, Cedrin-Durnerin I, Poncelet C, Benzacken B, Levy R, Sifer C, Ferfouri F, Boitrelle F, 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ANDROLOGY. Hum Reprod 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/27.s2.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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