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Chen L, Xu T, Lou J, Zhang T, Wu S, Xie R, Xu J. The beneficial roles and mechanisms of estrogens in immune health and infection disease. Steroids 2024; 207:109426. [PMID: 38685461 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Multiple epidemiologic studies have revealed that gender is considered one of the important factors in the frequency and severity of certain infectious diseases, in which estrogens may play a vital role. There is growing evidence that estrogens as female sex hormone can modulate multiple biological functions outside of the reproductive system, such as in brain and cardiovascular system. However, it is largely unknown about the roles and mechanisms of estrogens/estrogen receptors in immune health and infection disease. Thence, by reading a lot of literature, we summarized the regulatory mechanisms of estrogens/estrogen receptors in immune cells and their roles in certain infectious diseases with gender differences. Therefore, estrogens may have therapeutic potentials to prevent and treat these infectious diseases, which needs further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Sheng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liupanshui People's Hospital, Liupanshui City 553000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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Oliveira TS, Campos HM, Costa RM, Georg RC, Leite JA, Tostes RC, Costa EA, Santos FCA, Lobato NS, Filgueira FP, Ghedini PC. Estrone-mediated lowering of ROS and NOX4 improves endothelial function in ovariectomized wistar rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03106-7. [PMID: 38643455 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Estrone (E1) constitutes the primary component in oral conjugated equine estrogens (CEEs) and serves as the principal estrogen precursor in the female circulation in the post-menopause. E1 induces endothelium-dependent vasodilation and activate PI3K/NO/cGMP signaling. To assess whether E1 mitigates vascular dysfunction associated with postmenopause and explore the underlying mechanisms, we examined the vascular effects of E1 in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, a postmenopausal experimental model. Blood pressure was measured using tail-cuff plethysmography, and aortic rings were isolated to assess responses to phenylephrine, acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside. Responses to ACh in rings pre-incubated with superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), or apocynin were also evaluated. Protein expression of SOD, CAT, NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 was determined by Western blotting. E1 treatment resulted in decreased body weight and retroperitoneal fat, increased uterine weight, and prevented elevated blood pressure in the OVX group. Furthermore, E1 improved endothelium-dependent ACh vasodilation, activated compensatory antioxidant mechanisms - i.e. increased SOD and CAT antioxidant enzymes activity, and decreased NOX4 expression. This, in turn, helped prevent oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in OVX rats. Additionally, E1 treatment reversed the increased total LDL cholesterol observed in the OVX group. The findings underscore protective effects of E1 on the cardiovascular system, counteracting OVX-related oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in Wistar rats. E1 exhibits promising therapeutic benefits for managing cardiovascular health, particularly in postmenopausal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago S Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, FCBS, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Hericles M Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí, Brazil
| | - Raphaela C Georg
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline A Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elson A Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina A Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Núbia S Lobato
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo César Ghedini
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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3
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Abstract
Endothelial cells are important constituents of blood vessels and play a critical role in vascular homeostasis. They do not only control the exchanges between the blood and the surrounding tissues, but are also essential in regulating blood flow, modulating immune-cell trafficking and controlling vascular growth and repair. Endothelial dysfunction leads to cardiovascular diseases and is characterized by deficiency in secretion of vasodilator molecules, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of adhesion molecules and excretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The sex hormones, estrogens, androgens and progestogens, regulate endothelial functions. Because cardiovascular disease risk increases after menopause, it is believed that female hormones, estrogens and progestogens promote endothelial cell health and function whereas androgens, the male hormones, might be detrimental. However, as illustrated in the present review, the picture might not be that simple. In addition, sex influences endothelial cell physiology independently of sex hormones but at genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Robert
- University Hospital of Zurich, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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4
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de Oliveira LP, Florentino IF, Silva DPB, Pazini F, de Carvalho FS, Sanz G, Vaz BG, da Rocha FF, Fajemiroye JO, Ghedini PC, Lião LM, Menegatti R, Costa EA, de Oliveira TS. Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and vasorelaxant effects of a new pyrazole compound 5-(1-(2-fluorophenyl)-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1 H-tetrazole: role of NO/cGMP pathway and calcium channels. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:216-225. [PMID: 36866837 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular modification of compounds remains important strategy towards the discovery of new drugs. In this sense, this study presents a new pyrazole derivative 5-(1-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-tetrazole (LQFM039) and evaluated the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and vasorelaxant effects of this compound as well the mechanisms of action involved in the pharmacological effects. For this, mice were orally treated with LQFM039 (17.5, 35, or 70 mg/kg) prior acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin, tail flick, and carrageenan-induced paw edema protocols. In addition, vascular reactivity protocols were made with aortic rings contraction with phenylephrine and stimulated with graded concentrations of LQFM039. Abdominal writhing and licking time in both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin were reduced with LQFM039 without altering latency to nociceptive response in the tail flick test. Carrageenan-induced paw edema showed that LQFM039 reduces edema and cell migration. In addition, the mechanism of action of LQFM039 involves NO/cGMP pathway and calcium channels, since this new pyrazole derivate elicited concentration-dependent relaxation attenuated by Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-alpha]quinoxalin-1-one, and blockade of CaCl2-induced contraction. Altogether, our finding suggests anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and vasorelaxant effect of this new pyrazole derivative with involvement of NO/cGMP pathway and calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanussy P de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, ICB, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74001-970, 314, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Iziara F Florentino
- Department of Pharmacology, ICB, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74001-970, 314, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Daiany P B Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, ICB, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74001-970, 314, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Francine Pazini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Flávio S de Carvalho
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Germán Sanz
- Chemistry Institute, Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry-LaCEM, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Chemistry Institute, Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry-LaCEM, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Fábio F da Rocha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - James O Fajemiroye
- Department of Pharmacology, ICB, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74001-970, 314, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Ghedini
- Department of Pharmacology, ICB, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74001-970, 314, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luciano M Lião
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Menegatti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Elson A Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, ICB, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74001-970, 314, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Thiago S de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, ICB, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, 74001-970, 314, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, FCBS, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
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Motoji Y, Fukazawa R, Matsui R, Abe Y, Uehara I, Watanabe M, Hashimoto Y, Miyagi Y, Nagi-Miura N, Tanaka N, Ishii Y. Statins Show Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects by Improving Endothelial Cell Function in a Kawasaki Disease-like Vasculitis Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416108. [PMID: 36555746 PMCID: PMC9780952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute inflammatory syndrome of unknown etiology that is complicated by cardiovascular sequelae. Chronic inflammation (vasculitis) due to KD might cause vascular cellular senescence and vascular endothelial cell damage, and is a potential cause of atherosclerosis in young adults. This study examined the effect of KD and HMG-CoA inhibitors (statins) on vascular cellular senescence and vascular endothelial cells. Candida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS) was administered intraperitoneally to 5-week-old male apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-) mice to induce KD-like vasculitis. The mice were then divided into three groups: control, CAWS, and CAWS+statin groups. Ten weeks after injection, the mice were sacrificed and whole aortic tissue specimens were collected. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in the ascending aortic intima epithelium was evaluated using immunostaining. In addition, eNOS expression and levels of cellular senescence markers were measured in RNA and proteins extracted from whole aortic tissue. KD-like vasculitis impaired vascular endothelial cells that produce eNOS, which maintains vascular homeostasis, and promoted macrophage infiltration into the tissue. Statins also restored vascular endothelial cell function by promoting eNOS expression. Statins may be used to prevent secondary cardiovascular events during the chronic phase of KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Motoji
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fukazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3822-2131
| | - Ryosuke Matsui
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Abe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Ikuno Uehara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hashimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miyagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Noriko Nagi-Miura
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
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Therapeutic Targets and Mechanism of Xingpi Jieyu Decoction in Depression: A Network Pharmacology Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5516525. [PMID: 34257681 PMCID: PMC8249129 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5516525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Depression is a common mental disease that lacks effective therapeutic drugs with good curative effects and few adverse reactions. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has the advantages of multiple components, multiple channels, and fewer adverse reactions in the treatment of depression. Although Xingpi Jieyu Decoction (XPJYD) demonstrates a good therapeutic effect on depression, the pharmacological mechanism underlying its antidepressant effect is still unclear. Methods We used a network pharmacology strategy, including the construction and analysis of a complex drug-disease network, to explore the complex mechanism of XPJYD treatment of depression. In addition, molecular docking technology was used to preliminarily study the binding ability of the potential active components and core therapeutic targets of XPJYD. Results The network pharmacology results showed 42 targets of XPJYD that are involved in depression. PPI network analysis demonstrated that the top 10 core targets were AKT1, VEGFA, MAPK8, FOS, ESR1, NR3C1, IL6, HIF1A, NOS3, and AR. The molecular docking results showed that the binding energies of beta sitosterol with AR, FOS, AKT1, VEGFA, NR3C1, and NOS3 were less than −7.0 kcal·mol−1, indicating a good docking effect. The GO enrichment analysis results showed that the XPJYD antidepression mechanism mainly involves the following biological processes such as apoptotic signaling pathway, cellular response to lipid, inflammatory response, and others. The KEGG analysis results indicated that XPJYD may regulate 13 pathways such as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and estrogen signaling pathway in the treatment of depression. Conclusions This study reflects the characteristics of the mechanism of action by which XPJYD treats depression, which includes multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways, and provides a biological basis for further verification and a novel perspective for drug discovery in depression.
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Machado FB, Lopes de Macêdo IY, Campos HM, Gonçalves Moreno EK, Batista Silva MF, Raimundo de Oliveira Neto J, Feitosa Ramalho RR, Nascimento ADR, Vaz BG, Carlos da Cunha L, Ghedini PC, Diculescu VC, de Souza Gil E. Antioxidant activity of thirty-six peppers varieties and vasorelaxant of selected varieties. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Tanaka Y, Kumazoe M, Onda H, Fujimura Y, Tachibana H. Time-dependent increase of plasma cGMP concentration followed by oral EGCG administration in mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ecklonia cava Extract and Its Derivative Dieckol Promote Vasodilation by Modulating Calcium Signaling and PI3K/AKT/eNOS Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040438. [PMID: 33921856 PMCID: PMC8073412 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), an endothelial-derived relaxing factor synthesized by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells, enhances vasodilation by modulating vascular tone. The calcium concentration critically influences eNOS activation in endothelial cells. Thus, modulation of calcium-dependent signaling pathways may be a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance vasodilation. Marine algae reportedly possess protective effects against cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension and vascular dysfunction; however, the underlying molecular signaling pathways remain elusive. In the present study, we extracted and isolated dieckol from Ecklonia cava and investigated calcium transit-enhanced vasodilation. Calcium modulation via the well-known M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (AchM3R), which is linked to NO formation, was investigated and the vasodilatory effect of dieckol was verified. Our results indicated that dieckol effectively promoted NO generation via the PI3K/Akt/eNOS axis and calcium transients influenced by AchM3R. We also treated Tg(flk: EGFP) transgenic zebrafish with dieckol to assess its vasodilatory effect. Dieckol promoted vasodilation by enlarging the dorsal aorta diameter, thus regulating blood flow velocity. In conclusion, our findings suggest that dieckol modulates calcium transit through AchM3R, increases endothelial-dependent NO production, and efficiently enhances vasodilation. Thus, E. cava and its derivative, dieckol, can be considered as potential natural vasodilators.
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Lu YA, Jiang Y, Yang HW, Hwang J, Jeon YJ, Ryu B. Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol Isolated from Ishige okamurae Exerts Vasodilatory Effects via Calcium Signaling and PI3K/Akt/eNOS Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1610. [PMID: 33562632 PMCID: PMC7914902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is released by endothelial cells in the blood vessel wall to enhance vasodilation. Marine polyphenols are known to have protective effects against vascular dysfunction and hypertension. The present study is the first to investigate how diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) isolated from Ishige okamurae affects calcium levels, resulting in enhanced vasodilation. We examined calcium modulation with the well-known receptors, acetylcholine receptor (AchR) and vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR2), which are related to NO formation, and further confirmed the vasodilatory effect of DPHC. We confirmed that DPHC stimulated NO production by increasing calcium levels and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. DPHC affected AchR and VEGFR2 expression, thereby influencing transient calcium intake. Specific antagonists, atropine and SU5416, were used to verify our findings. Furthermore, based on the results of in vivo experiments, we treated Tg(flk:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish with DPHC to confirm its vasodilatory effect. In conclusion, the present study showed that DPHC modulated calcium transit through AchR and VEGFR2, increasing endothelial-dependent NO production. Thus, DPHC, a natural marine component, can efficiently ameliorate cardiovascular diseases by improving vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu An Lu
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Yunfei Jiang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Hye-Won Yang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Jin Hwang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Korea
| | - Bomi Ryu
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
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11
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Xia X, Zhou C, Sun X, He X, Liu C, Wang G. Estrogen improved the regeneration of axons after subcortical axon injury via regulation of PI3K/Akt/CDK5/Tau pathway. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01777. [PMID: 32755041 PMCID: PMC7507494 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of estrogen on axon regeneration and neurological recovery after subcortical axon injury, and further explore its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHOD Subcortical axonal fiber injury model was used in this study. Morris water maze was conducted to detect the learning and memory ability of the rats; modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and beam walking test were performed to evaluate the behavioral; and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used for the determination of recovery after subcortical axonal injury, while Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of p-Akt, CDK5, p-Ser262, p-Ser404, and p-Thr205. RESULTS Compared with the Sham group, the injury of subcortical axonal fiber resulted in higher mNSS, higher beam walking scores, longer time of escape latency, less number, time and shorter distance of crossing the quadrant, and less FA values. After ovariectomy, the mNSS, beam walking scores, and escape latency reached the peak; inversely, the others reached a minimum. High estrogen treatment reduced the mNSS, beam walking score, and escape latency; improved the number, time, and distance of crossing the quadrant; and increased the FA value. Western blotting results showed that estrogen increased the expression of p-Akt and decreased the expression of CDK5, p-Ser262, p-Ser404, and p-Thr205. All the changes were counteracted to some extent by Akt inhibitor LY294002. CONCLUSION After subcortical axonal injury, estrogen could improve the regeneration of axons and improve their functions via regulating the PI3K/Akt/CDK5/Tau pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xia
- Department of NeurosurgeryYongchuan HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Changlong Zhou
- Department of NeurosurgeryYongchuan HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xuenong He
- Department of NeurosurgeryYongchuan HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryYongchuan HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guanyu Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryYongchuan HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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12
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Fu Y, Yuan PP, Cao YG, Ke YY, Zhang Q, Hou Y, Zhang YL, Feng WS, Zheng XK. Geniposide in Gardenia jasminoides var. radicans Makino modulates blood pressure via inhibiting WNK pathway mediated by the estrogen receptors. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1956-1969. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the effects of geniposide in an iridoid found in Gardenia jasminoides var. radicans Makino (GJRM) in spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) and explore the possible mechanisms.
Methods
In this study, we detected the content of geniposide in GJRM by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Then, we used acute diuretic experiments to determine whether geniposide has diuretic effect. Moreover, we carried out experiments on SHR to further study the mechanism of hypertension, while real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used for the experiments in vivo test. Hypotonic model was used for in vitro test.
Key findings
Our data showed that the content of geniposide in the extract of GJRM is 27.54%. Meanwhile, 50 mg/kg geniposide showed the strongest effect on promoting urine volume. Further study indicated that the extract of GJRM and geniposide could significantly reduce blood pressure and promote the excretion of urine and Na+ in SHR. In addition, geniposide significantly inhibited the activation of the with-no-lysine kinase (WNK) signalling pathway and significantly increases the protein expressions of estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) in SHR. In hypotonic model, geniposide significantly inhibits the phosphorylation of NKCC and NCC and could be antagonistic to estrogen receptor antagonists.
Conclusions
Collectively, we would suggest that geniposide may potentially be utilized as an adjunct to existing thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics to control hypertension, mainly through inhibiting the activation of the WNK signalling pathway mediated by the estrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pei-pei Yuan
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan-gang Cao
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying-ying Ke
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan-li Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei-sheng Feng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-ke Zheng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Hou B, Cai W, Chen T, Zhang Z, Gong H, Yang W, Qiu L. Vaccarin hastens wound healing by promoting angiogenesis via activation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in vivo. Acta Cir Bras 2020; 34:e201901202. [PMID: 32049183 PMCID: PMC7006371 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190120000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the potential role and unclear molecular mechanisms of vaccarin in wound healing. Methods Rats’ skin excision model to study the effects of vaccarin on wound healing in vivo . Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to evaluate Histopathologic characteristics. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess the effects of vaccarin in accelerating angiogenesis. Western blot was used to evaluate relative protein expressed levels. Results Vaccarin could significantly promote wound healing and endothelial cells and fibroblasts proliferation in the wound site. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot studies showed that the nodal proteins and receptor (bFGFR) related to angiogenesis signaling pathway were activated, and the microvascular density in the wound site was markedly higher than that in the control group. Conclusions The present study was the first to demonstrate that vaccarin is able to induce angiogenesis and accelerate wound healing in vivo by increasing expressions of p-Akt, p-Erk and p-bFGFR. This process is mediated by MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
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14
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Echinacoside‑induced nitric oxide production in endothelial cells: Roles of androgen receptor and the PI3K‑Akt pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1195-1202. [PMID: 31985022 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinacoside (ECH) is a natural compound with an endothelium‑dependent vasodilatory effect. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important vasorelaxant released from endothelial cells. In order to examine the molecular mechanism of ECH‑induced NO production in endothelial cells, the present study investigated the involvement of androgen receptor (AR) and the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway in the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Using the fluorescent probe DAF‑FM, the production of NO was found to be significantly increased, and eNOS was phosphorylated at Ser1177 in a concentration‑dependent manner under 0.01‑10 µM ECH treatment in HUVECs. In addition, NO production and eNOS phosphorylation induced by ECH were diminished when pretreated with the AR antagonist nilutamide, or when transfected with AR small interfering RNAs. Furthermore, the ECH‑induced phosphorylation of the Akt at Ser473 was abrogated by 5 µM wortmannin (a PI3K inhibitor). These data indicated that ECH stimulated NO production via the AR‑dependent activation of eNOS in HUVECs, and that the PI3K/Akt pathway may be involved in eNOS phosphorylation induced by ECH.
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15
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Fardoun M, Dehaini H, Shaito A, Mesmar J, El-Yazbi A, Badran A, Beydoun E, Eid AH. The hypertensive potential of estrogen: An untold story. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 124:106600. [PMID: 31629918 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.106600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The implication of estrogen in this disease has been extensively studied. While the vast majority of published research argue for a cardioprotective role of estrogen in vascular inflammation such as in atherosclerosis, the role of estrogen in hypertension remains far from being resolved. The vasorelaxant effect of estrogen has already been well-established. However, emerging evidence supports a vasoconstrictive potential of this hormone. It has been proposed that the microenvironment dictates the effect of estrogen-induced type 1 nitric oxide synthase-1 (nNOS) on vasotone. Indeed, depending on nNOS product, nitric oxide or superoxide, estrogen can induce vasodilation or vasoconstriction, respectively. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting the vasorelaxant effects of estrogen, and the molecular players involved. Furthermore, we shed light on recent reports revealing a vasoconstrictive role of estrogen, and speculate on the underlying signaling pathways. In addition, we identify certain factors that can account for the discrepant estrogenic effects. This review emphasizes a yin-yang role of estrogen in regulating blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Fardoun
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Dehaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdallah Shaito
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, 1105 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Mesmar
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Adnan Badran
- Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Elias Beydoun
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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16
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Cordeiro ER, Filetti FM, Simões MR, Vassallo DV. Mercury induces nuclear estrogen receptors to act as vasoconstrictors promoting endothelial denudation via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 381:114710. [PMID: 31415774 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are more frequent among postmenopausal women due to the decline of estrogen concentration in plasma. However, the role of the vascular modulator effect of estrogen is controversial, since it occurs both in physiological and pathological conditions, increasing or reducing vascular reactivity. As mercury is widely associated with the development of CVD, we investigated putative hazardous effects on the mechanisms that modulate vascular reactivity in aortic rings of female Wistar rats promoted by acute mercury exposure. Mercury increased vascular reactivity and oxidative stress possibly due to NADPH oxidase participation, increased production of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) formation. The metal also induced endothelial denudation in the aorta by reducing the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and enhancing the activity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mercury exposure also induced nuclear estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ) to act as vasoconstrictors. Our findings suggest that mercury might increase the chances of developing cardiovascular diseases in females and should be considered an important environmental risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evellyn Rodrigues Cordeiro
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Filipe Martinuzo Filetti
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Maylla Ronacher Simões
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29043-900, Brazil; Health Science Center of Vitória-EMESCAM, Vitória, ES CEP 29045-402, Brazil.
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Fortini F, Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Caliceti C, Lambertini E, Pannuti A, Peiffer DS, Balla C, Rizzo P. Estrogen-mediated protection against coronary heart disease: The role of the Notch pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 189:87-100. [PMID: 30817989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen regulates a plethora of biological processes, under physiological and pathological conditions, by affecting key pathways involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, fate, survival and metabolism. The Notch receptors are mediators of communication between adjacent cells and are key determinants of cell fate during development and in postnatal life. Crosstalk between estrogen and the Notch pathway intervenes in many processes underlying the development and maintenance of the cardiovascular system. The identification of molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between these types of endocrine and juxtacrine signaling are leading to a deeper understanding of physiological conditions regulated by these steroid hormones and, potentially, to novel therapeutic approaches to prevent pathologies linked to reduced levels of estrogen, such as coronary heart disease, and cardiotoxicity caused by hormone therapy for estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristiana Caliceti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Pannuti
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Daniel S Peiffer
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Cristina Balla
- Cardiovascular Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, RA, Italy; Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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