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Yakubu RA, Nock IH, Ndams IS, Luka SA, Yaro CA, Alkazmi L, Batiha GES. Detection of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato cysts and seroprevalence of cystic echinococcosis in cattle and camels in Maiduguri Abattoir. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:876-888. [PMID: 36091268 PMCID: PMC9458832 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease of great importance worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antigenic profile of Echinococcus cysts (CE cysts) in camels and cattle. The lungs, livers, hearts, and kidneys of 560 animals, comprising 304 camels and 256 cattle slaughtered in the Maiduguri abattoir, were examined for CE. Blood samples were collected for serology. Protein profiles of CE fluids were analyzed using indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay while Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to characterize the electrophoretic pattern of different CE cyst fluid samples. The overall prevalence of CE was 8.4%, 14.14% (95% CI = 10.65-18.54%) in camels and 1.60% (95% CI = 0.46-4.09%) in cattle. Adult camels 41 (16.21%) (95% CI = 12.15-21.27%) had a higher prevalence than the young camels 2 (3.92%) (95% CI = 0.33-13.97%) (p = 0.038). In cattle, only adults 4 (2.0%) had cysts. Higher prevalence of CE was recorded in male 22 (16.42%) (95% CI = 11.03-23.68%) than female 21 (12.35%) (95% CI = 8.16-18.21%) camels [p = 0.399] while only female cattle 3 (2.2%) had cysts. Higher prevalence of CE was recorded in the livers of 34 (11.18%) (95% CI = 8.08-15.25%) than in the lungs 25 (8.22%) (95% CI = 5.59-11.90%) of camels [p = 0.273]. Of the 47 cysts collected, 43 (91.49%) and 4 (8.51%) were from camels and cattle, respectively. A total of 18 (38.30%) fertile, 17 (36.17%) non-fertile, and 12 (25.53%) calcified cysts were recovered in animals. Overall seroprevalence of 52.63% (95% CI = 47.02-58.18%) and 35.55% (95% CI = 29.93-41.59%) were observed in camels and cattle in this study. The SDS-PAGE of camel CE cyst fluids revealed protein bands at 64kda, 91kda, 160kda, and 200kda molecular units while the purified cyst fluids revealed bands at 64kda, 91kda, 120kda, 160kda, and 200kda. Regular meat inspections and the exclusion of dogs from abattoir premises are strongly encouraged. Investigation into local prevailing factors encouraging transmission should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Arin Yakubu
- Department of Parasitology, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Plateau State Nigeria
| | - Ishaya Haruna Nock
- Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | - Iliya Shehu Ndams
- Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | | | - Clement Ameh Yaro
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State Nigeria
| | - Luay Alkazmi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 AlBeheira Egypt
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Alvi MA, Ohiolei JA, Li L, Saqib M, Hussain MH, Tayyab MH, Ghafoor M, Qamar W, Faridi NY, Alvi AA, Fu BQ, Yan HB, Jia WZ. In-House Developed ELISA Indicates High Prevalence of Anti- Echinococcus granulosus IgG in Sheep Population-An Update from Pakistan. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110905. [PMID: 33137933 PMCID: PMC7693474 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a World Health Organization (WHO)-listed neglected tropical farm economy jeopardizing and public health concern disease. This study was aimed at furnishing sero-epidemiological baseline data of CE in sheep in Pakistan, where data are non-existent. For this purpose, two sheep-rich provinces of Pakistan were selected, and 728 sheep sera were collected using probability proportional to size (PPS) statistical technique. Epidemiological information was recorded on a questionnaire for the estimation of potential risk factors. The serum samples were analyzed for IgG antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus using an in-house-developed EgAgB-based ELISA kit. The overall seroprevalence recorded was 21.98% (160/728) in the tested sheep, suggesting higher seropositivity in sheep from Punjab (23.73%) as compared to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) (19.04%). The overall apparent prevalence observed by this ELISA method was almost similar to the calculated true prevalence (21.77%). Prevalence was significantly different (p < 0.05) among sheep from different districts. Higher prevalence was found in females (22.54%, OR 1.41), age group > 5 years (29.66%, OR 1.64), crossbreeds (42.85%, OR 2.70), and sheep with pasture access (25.96%, OR 3.06). Being in age group > 5 years and having pasture access were the factors significantly associated with seropositivity (p < 0.05). This study provides serological evidence of E. granulosus infection in sheep and can be used as a model for ante-mortem screening of the sheep globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mughees Aizaz Alvi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - John Asekhaen Ohiolei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38400, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Haleem Tayyab
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38400, Pakistan
| | - Muzafar Ghafoor
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38400, Pakistan
| | - Warda Qamar
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub-Campus Jhang 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Noman Yousaf Faridi
- Punjab Livestock and Dairy Development, Government of Punjab, Chiniot 35400, Pakistan
| | | | - Bao-Quan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Hong-Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Wan-Zhong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
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AlKitani FA, Baqir S, Mansoor MK, AlRiyami S, Hussain MH, Roberts D. Genetic survey of cystic echinococcosis in farm animals in Oman. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:331-337. [PMID: 31338730 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in animals and humans with a worldwide distribution affecting pastoral and agro-pastoral communities. Little is known about the genetic diversity and public health significance of E. granulosus s.l. among animals and human in Oman. This study was undertaken to investigate the circulating genotypes of E. granulosus s.l. in farm animals (camels, cattle, goats and sheep) by using multiplex PCR (mPCR) and sequence analysis of a fragment of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NADH-1) gene. In this study, 39 hydatid cyst isolates from dromedary camels (n = 17), cattle (n = 12), goats (n = 9) and sheep (n = 1) from five governorates in Oman were collected. These isolates were analysed genetically to classify E. granulosus s.l. using a single-tube mPCR and further subjected to sequence analysis of mitochondrial NADH-1 gene. The results of mPCR revealed that most of the cyst isolates (71.8%) belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto G1/G2/G3 genotypes, whereas 28.2% were linked to E. canadensis G6/G7 genotypes. However, sequencing of these isolates has confirmed the existence of the two genotypes E. canadensis G6 and E. granulosus sensu stricto G1 genotype. This study provides a molecular evidence of E. granulosus s.l. genotypes in Oman and confirms the predominance of the sheep and camel strains and their role in the transmission dynamics of CE in animals. The study will serve as a foundation for future planning and implementation for CE control program in Oman.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Senan Baqir
- Departement of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Muhammad Khalid Mansoor
- Departement of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Shumoos AlRiyami
- Animal Health Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Derek Roberts
- Departement of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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