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Liu A, Lin W, Ming R, Guan W, Wang X, Hu N, Ren Y. Stability of 28 typical prescription drugs in sewer systems and interaction with the biofilm bacterial community. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129142. [PMID: 35594665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the attenuation characteristics of drugs in sewage and sewers is one of the important factors to improve the accuracy of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) application. In this study, 28 drugs including antidepressants, cardiovascular drugs, antihistamines, anticonvulsants and some of their human metabolites were chosen as the targets to study the hydrolysis, adsorption, and biodegradation at different temperatures in sewage and sewers. The interaction between drugs degradation and community structure of biofilm was also investigated. In the simulated sewers, the removal percentages of 12 parent or drug metabolites are 0-20%, such as demethylvenlafaxine, fluvoxamine, etc., which are highly stable chemicals and suitable to be chosen as biomarkers for WBE back-calculation under appropriate circumstances. Fourteen drugs including venlafaxine and citalopram have removal percentages of 20-60%. While paroxetine and sertraline, with removal percentage of 100%, are the most unstable and cannot be used as biomarkers. Among the 28 drugs, there are 25 drugs that have a higher loss rate in the aerobic sewer than that in the anaerobic sewer in this study. During drug exposure in anaerobic biofilms, species abundance first decreased and then increased. Species abundance and diversity in aerobic biofilm generally showed a decreasing trend. In addition, Proteobacteria and Spirochaetota were the dominant phyla in both sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchen Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wenting Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ruiliang Ming
- Guangzhou CAS Test Technical Services Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Wenqi Guan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xinying Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ningyi Hu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuan Ren
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Dalahmeh SS, Thorsén G, Jönsson H. Open-air storage with and without composting as post-treatment methods to degrade pharmaceutical residues in anaerobically digested and dewatered sewage sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151271. [PMID: 34740644 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over a period of 12 months, the fate of three hormones, 12 antibiotics and 30 pharmaceutically active substances (PhACs) was investigated during open-air storage without and with composting of anaerobically digested and dewatered sewage sludge. The effect of oxidation conditions during storage on degradation of hormones and PhACs in the sludge biomass was also examined. Under summer and winter conditions in Uppsala County, Sweden, two field-scale sludge windrows were constructed: open-air storage of sewage sludge windrow without composting (NO-COM)) and open-air storage windrow with composting (COM). NO-COM achieved effective removal of ∑Hormones (85%) and ∑Antibiotics (95%), but lower removal of ∑PhACs (34%), during the study year. The top layers of the sludge pile had significantly lower concentrations of ∑PhACs (3100-5100 ng/g ash) than deeper layers (8000-11,000 ng/g ash). After one year of composting, the degradation in the COM windrow resulted in concentrations of ∑Hormones (<LOD), ∑Antibiotics (<LOD), while the ∑PhCAs was 5% (730 ng/g ash) of initial (13,000 ng/g ash). The half-life of substances during composting in COM was within 7-100 days for all substances except ibuprofen (156 days). The first-order degradation constant (K) was the lowest for ibuprofen (0.0045 day-1) and the highest for oxazepam (0.0805 day-1). In conclusion, composting of sludge was effective in degrading the target hormones, antibiotics, and PhACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar S Dalahmeh
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | - Håkan Jönsson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
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Kipper K, Lillenberg M, Herodes K, Nei L, Haiba E. Simultaneous Determination of Fluoroquinolones and Sulfonamides Originating from Sewage Sludge Compost. ScientificWorldJournal 2017; 2017:9254072. [PMID: 28695191 PMCID: PMC5485325 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9254072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A simultaneous method for quantitative determination of traces of fluoroquinolones (FQs) and sulfonamides (SAs) in edible plants fertilized with sewage sludge was developed. The compounds were extracted from the plants by rapid and simple liquid extraction followed by extracts clean-up using solid phase extraction. The eluent additive 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol was used for liquid chromatographic detection to achieve separation of structurally similar antimicrobials like ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Identification and quantification of the compounds were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode. Method was validated and extraction recoveries of FQs and SAs ranged from 66% to 93%. The limit of quantifications was from 5 ng/g in the case of ofloxacin to 40 ng/g for norfloxacin. The method precision ranged from 1.43% to 2.61%. The developed novel method was used to evaluate the plats antimicrobial uptake (potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), and wheat (Triticum vulgare L.)) from soil and migration of the analytes inside the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kipper
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M. Lillenberg
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - K. Herodes
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - L. Nei
- Tartu College, Tallinn University of Technology, Tartu, Estonia
| | - E. Haiba
- Tartu College, Tallinn University of Technology, Tartu, Estonia
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Chaves-Barquero LG, Luong KH, Mundy CJ, Knapp CW, Hanson ML, Wong CS. The release of wastewater contaminants in the Arctic: A case study from Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:542-550. [PMID: 27473660 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of municipal wastewater in the Arctic is challenging due to a variety of financial, operational, climatic and technical issues. To better understand the efficacy of current wastewater treatment in this region and the hazard posed to receiving waters, we assessed the occurrence of nutrients and contaminants (i.e., pharmaceuticals, antibiotic resistance genes) as they moved through a lagoon-based treatment system in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada. Wastewater treatment in this community is performed by the use of a lagoon-tundra wetland system that is discharged into the marine environment and is representative of current common practices throughout the region. In 2014, samples were collected before and during lagoon discharge from two locations in the main lagoon, one location downstream from the lagoon effluent and three locations offshore. Grab samples were collected to measure nutrients (e.g., total nitrogen and phosphorus) and the presence of antibiotic resistance gene-bearing microbes, and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) were deployed to collect passively organic contaminants in all locations. A total of six pharmaceuticals were detected from a screen of twenty-eight analytes during the study: atenolol, carbamazepine, clarithromycin, metoprolol, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. The greatest concentrations of nutrients, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and pharmaceuticals were found in sampling locations within the treatment lagoon. Offshore of the release point, we observed limited to no detection of pharmaceuticals and ARGs, but no change in total nitrogen and phosphorus from pre-release. We conclude that the current concentrations of monitored pharmaceuticals do not pose a significant hazard at this time to aquatic organisms in Cambridge Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Chaves-Barquero
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada; Escuela de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Kim Hoang Luong
- Richardson College for the Environment, Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences and Department of Chemistry, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - C J Mundy
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Charles W Knapp
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1XJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Charles S Wong
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada; Escuela de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, 159-7050, Costa Rica; Richardson College for the Environment, Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences and Department of Chemistry, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada.
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Di Poi C, Evariste L, Séguin A, Mottier A, Pedelucq J, Lebel JM, Serpentini A, Budzinski H, Costil K. Sub-chronic exposure to fluoxetine in juvenile oysters (Crassostrea gigas): uptake and biological effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:5002-5018. [PMID: 25315935 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The bioconcentration potential of fluoxetine (FLX) and its biological effects were investigated in juvenile Pacific oyster exposed for 28 days to environmentally relevant concentrations of FLX (1 ng L(-1), 100 ng L(-1) and up to 10 μg L(-1)). FLX bioaccumulated in oyster flesh resulting in 28-day bioconcentration factors greater than 2,000 and 10,000 by referring to wet and dry weights, respectively. Nevertheless, FLX did not induce oyster mortality, delayed gametogenesis, or lead to adverse histopathological alterations. At the two highest concentrations, despite non-optimal trophic conditions, FLX stimulated shell growth but only in a transient manner, suggesting a role of serotonin in the regulation of feeding and metabolism in bivalves. Those high concentrations seemed to drive bell-shaped responses of catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities throughout the exposure period, which may indicate the activation of antioxidant enzyme synthesis and then an enhanced catabolic rate or direct inhibition of those enzymes. However, no clear oxidative stress was detected because no strong differences in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) content (i.e. lipid peroxidation) were observed between oyster groups, suggesting that cellular defence mechanisms were effective. These results demonstrate the importance of considering additional biomarkers of oxidative stress to obtain a comprehensive overview of the FLX-induced changes in marine bivalves exposed under realistic conditions. Considering the battery of biomarkers used, FLX appears to induce little or no effects on oyster physiology even at a concentration of 10 μg L(-1). These results do not confirm the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values reported by some authors in other mollusc species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Di Poi
- Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France
- UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA); MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Lauris Evariste
- Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France
- UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA); MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Alexis Séguin
- Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France
- UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA); MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Antoine Mottier
- Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France
- UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA); MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Julie Pedelucq
- UMR 5805 CNRS Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'Environnement (LPTC), Université Bordeaux 1, Bâtiment A12, 351 crs de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lebel
- Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France
- UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA); MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Antoine Serpentini
- Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France
- UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA); MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- UMR 5805 CNRS Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'Environnement (LPTC), Université Bordeaux 1, Bâtiment A12, 351 crs de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Katherine Costil
- Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France.
- UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA); MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France.
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6
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Fernandez-Fontaina E, Gomes IB, Aga DS, Omil F, Lema JM, Carballa M. Biotransformation of pharmaceuticals under nitrification, nitratation and heterotrophic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:1439-1447. [PMID: 26479917 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nitrification, nitratation and heterotrophic conditions on the biotransformation of several pharmaceuticals in a highly enriched nitrifying activated sludge was evaluated in this study by selective activation of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and heterotrophic bacteria. Nitrifiers displayed a noticeable capacity to process ibuprofen due to hydroxylation by ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) to produce 2-hydroxy-ibuprofen. Naproxen was also biotransformed under nitrifying conditions. On the other hand, heterotrophic bacteria present in the nitrifying activated sludge (NAS) biotransformed sulfamethoxazole. In contrast, both nitrifying and heterotrophic activities were ineffective against diclofenac, diazepam, carbamazepine and trimethoprim. Similar biotransformation rates of erythromycin, roxithromycin and fluoxetine were observed under all conditions tested. Overall, results from this study give more evidence on the role of the different microbial communities present in activated sludge reactors on the biological removal of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fernandez-Fontaina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - I B Gomes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - F Omil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J M Lema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Carballa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Semblante GU, Hai FI, Huang X, Ball AS, Price WE, Nghiem LD. Trace organic contaminants in biosolids: Impact of conventional wastewater and sludge processing technologies and emerging alternatives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 300:1-17. [PMID: 26151380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper critically reviews the fate of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in biosolids, with emphasis on identifying operation conditions that impact the accumulation of TrOCs in sludge during conventional wastewater and sludge treatment and assessing the technologies available for TrOC removal from biosolids. The fate of TrOCs during sludge thickening, stabilisation (e.g. aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion, alkaline stabilisation, and composting), conditioning, and dewatering is elucidated. Operation pH, sludge retention time (SRT), and temperature have significant impact on the sorption and biodegradation of TrOCs in activated sludge that ends up in the sludge treatment line. Anaerobic digestion may exacerbate the estrogenicity of sludge due to bioconversion to more potent metabolites. Application of advanced oxidation or thermal pre-treatment may minimise TrOCs in biosolids by increasing the bioavailability of TrOCs, converting TrOCs into more biodegradable products, or inducing complete mineralisation of TrOCs. Treatment of sludge by bioaugmentation using various bacteria, yeast, or fungus has the potential to reduce TrOC levels in biosolids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galilee U Semblante
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Faisal I Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Andrew S Ball
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia
| | - William E Price
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Moreira IS, Ribeiro AR, Afonso CM, Tiritan ME, Castro PML. Enantioselective biodegradation of fluoxetine by the bacterial strain Labrys portucalensis F11. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 111:103-111. [PMID: 24997906 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluoxetine (FLX) is a chiral fluorinated pharmaceutical indicated mainly for the treatment of depression and is one of the most dispensed drugs in the world. There is clear evidence of environmental contamination with this drug and its active metabolite norfluoxetine (NFLX). In this study the enantioselective biodegradation of racemic FLX and of its enantiomers by Labrys portucalensis strain F11 was assessed. When 2μM of racemic FLX was supplemented as sole carbon source, complete removal of both enantiomers, with stoichiometric liberation of fluoride, was achieved in 30d. For racemic FLX concentration of 4 and 9μM, partial degradation of the enantiomers was obtained. In the presence of acetate as an additional carbon source, at 4, 9 and 21μM of racemic FLX and at 25μM of racemic FLX, (S)-FLX or (R)-FLX, complete degradation of the two enantiomers occurred. At higher concentrations of 45 and 89μM of racemic FLX, partial degradation was achieved. Preferential degradation of the (R)-enantiomer was observed in all experiments. To our knowledge, this is the first time that enantioselective biodegradation of FLX by a single bacterium is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina S Moreira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina- Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Ribeiro
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina- Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Centro de Química Medicinal da Universidade do Porto (CEQUIMED-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Afonso
- Centro de Química Medicinal da Universidade do Porto (CEQUIMED-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria E Tiritan
- Centro de Química Medicinal da Universidade do Porto (CEQUIMED-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Paula M L Castro
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina- Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
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Determination of 4′-isobutylacetophenone and other transformation products of anti-inflammatory drugs in water and sludge from five wastewater treatment plants in Sweden by hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 125:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Applications of liquid-phase microextraction in the sample preparation of environmental solid samples. Molecules 2014; 19:6776-808. [PMID: 24858267 PMCID: PMC6271381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19056776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvent extraction remains one of the fundamental sample preparation techniques in the analysis of environmental solid samples, but organic solvents are toxic and environmentally harmful, therefore one of the possible greening directions is its miniaturization. The present review covers the relevant research from the field of application of microextraction to the sample preparation of environmental solid samples (soil, sediments, sewage sludge, dust etc.) published in the last decade. Several innovative liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) techniques that have emerged recently have also been applied as an aid in sample preparation of these samples: single-drop microextraction (SDME), hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). Besides the common organic solvents, surfactants and ionic liquids are also used. However, these techniques have to be combined with another technique to release the analytes from the solid sample into an aqueous solution. In the present review, the published methods were categorized into three groups: LPME in combination with a conventional solvent extraction; LPME in combination with an environmentally friendly extraction; LPME without previous extraction. The applicability of these approaches to the sample preparation for the determination of pollutants in solid environmental samples is discussed, with emphasis on their strengths, weak points and environmental impact.
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11
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Silva LJG, Meisel LM, Lino CM, Pena A. Profiling Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in the Environment: Trends in Analytical Methodologies. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2013; 44:41-67. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.827966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Lajeunesse A, Smyth SA, Barclay K, Sauvé S, Gagnon C. Distribution of antidepressant residues in wastewater and biosolids following different treatment processes by municipal wastewater treatment plants in Canada. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:5600-5612. [PMID: 22898669 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The fate of 14 antidepressants along with their respective N-desmethyl metabolites and the anticonvulsive drug carbamazepine (CBZ) was studied in 5 different sewage treatment plants (STPs) across Canada. Using two validated LC-MS/MS analytical methods, the concentrations of the different compounds were determined in raw influent, final effluent and treated biosolids samples. Out of the 15 compounds investigated, 13 were positively detected in most 24-h composite raw influent samples. Analysis showed that venlafaxine (VEN), its metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine (DVEN), citalopram (CIT), and CBZ were detected at the highest concentrations in raw influent (up to 4.3 μg L(-1) for DVEN). Cumulated results showed strong evidence that primary treatment and trickling filter/solids contact has limited capacity to remove antidepressants from sewage, while activated sludge, biological aerated filter, and biological nutrient removal processes yielded moderate results (mean removal rates: 30%). The more recalcitrant compounds to be eliminated from secondary STPs were VEN, DVEN and CBZ with mean removal rates close to 12%. Parent compounds were removed to a greater degree than their metabolites. The highest mean concentrations in treated biosolids samples were found for CIT (1033 ng g(-1)), amitriptyline (768 ng g(-1)), and VEN (833 ng g(-1)). Experimental sorption coefficients (K(d)) were also determined. The lowest K(d) values were obtained with VEN, DVEN, and CBZ (67-490 L kg(-1)). Sorption of these compounds on solids was assumed negligible (log K(d) ≤ 2). However, important sorption on solids was observed for sertraline, desmethylsertraline, paroxetine and fluoxetine (log K(d) > 4).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lajeunesse
- Environment Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 2E7
| | - S A Smyth
- Environment Canada, Aquatic Ecosystems Management Research, Science and Technology Branch, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6
| | - K Barclay
- Environment Canada, Aquatic Ecosystems Management Research, Science and Technology Branch, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6
| | - S Sauvé
- Université de Montréal, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 6128 Downtown, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - C Gagnon
- Environment Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 2E7.
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13
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Bergersen O, Hanssen KØ, Vasskog T. Anaerobic treatment of sewage sludge containing selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 117:325-32. [PMID: 22617041 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors citalopram, sertraline, paroxetine, fluvoxamine and fluoxetine have been investigated in 10 l anaerobic lab-scale digesters with continuous stirring and mesophilic conditions at 37 °C to investigate whether they would be reduced or accumulated in sewage sludge depending on whether the bacteria present were able to use the SSRIs as a carbon source or not. The total SSRI concentration had a significant reduction in concentration during the anaerobic treatment process from theoretically 0.58 mg/l to 0.21 mg/l after 17 days. However, large differences in the reduction of the different compounds were found. Paroxetine and citalopram were found to be almost completely reduced at day 24 with reductions of 85% (citalopram) and 98% (paroxetine). Reductions of 32% (fluoxetine), 53% (fluvoxamine) and 38% (sertraline) indicate that these three compounds have a higher potential for accumulation. None metabolites of these compounds were found in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ove Bergersen
- Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk), Soil and Environment Division, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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14
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Sagristà E, Cortés JM, Larsson E, Salvadó V, Hidalgo M, Jönsson JÅ. Comparison of two extraction methods for the determination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in sewage sludge by hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2460-8. [PMID: 22753317 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents two procedures for the determination of four selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (citalopram, paroxetine, fluoxetine, and sertraline) and one metabolite (norfluoxetine) in sewage sludge utilizing three-phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME). First, direct HF-LPME was used for extraction, clean-up, and preconcentration. The pharmaceuticals were extracted from slurry samples into an organic phase and then back-extracted into an aqueous phase in the lumen of the hollow fiber. Second, a procedure combining pressurized hot water extraction and HF-LPME for clean-up and preconcentration was developed for the same analytes and matrix. The extracts were subsequently analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. For direct HF-LPME, limits of detection were between 1 and 12 ng g(-1) (dry weight) and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values were 3-12%. For the second method, limits of detection were approximately 6 ng g(-1) for all the compounds and RSD values were 8-12%. The methods were validated by comparison of results for the same samples. Sewage sludge from a Swedish wastewater treatment plant was analyzed by both methods; average concentrations were similar for citalopram, paroxetine, and fluoxetine with values of approximately 530, 40, and 200 ng g(-1) , respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Sagristà
- Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Spain
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15
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Sagristà E, Larsson E, Ezoddin M, Hidalgo M, Salvadó V, Jönsson JÅ. Determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in sewage sludge by direct hollow fiber supported liquid membrane extraction and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6153-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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