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Merouani EFO, Ferdowsi M, Buelna G, Jones JP, Benyoussef EH, Malhautier L, Heitz M. Exploring the potential of biofiltration for mitigating harmful gaseous emissions from small or old landfills: a review. Biodegradation 2024; 35:469-491. [PMID: 38748305 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-024-10082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Landfills are widely employed as the primary means of solid waste disposal. However, this practice generates landfill gas (LFG) which contains methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, as well as various volatile organic compounds and volatile inorganic compounds. These emissions from landfills contribute to approximately 25% of the total atmospheric CH4, indicating the imperative need to valorize or treat LFG prior to its release into the atmosphere. This review first aims to outline landfills, waste disposal and valorization, conventional gas treatment techniques commonly employed for LFG treatment, such as flares and thermal oxidation. Furthermore, it explores biotechnological approaches as more technically and economically feasible alternatives for mitigating LFG emissions, especially in the case of small and aged landfills where CH4 concentrations are often below 3% v/v. Finally, this review highlights biofilters as the most suitable biotechnological solution for LFG treatment and discusses several advantages and challenges associated with their implementation in the landfill environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Farouk Omar Merouani
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Milad Ferdowsi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Gerardo Buelna
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - J Peter Jones
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - El-Hadi Benyoussef
- Laboratoire de Valorisation des Énergies Fossiles, École Nationale Polytechnique, 10 Avenue Hassan Badi El Harrach, BP182, 16200, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Luc Malhautier
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Risques, IMT Mines Alès, 6 avenue de Clavières, 30319, Alès Cedex, France
| | - Michèle Heitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
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Zhang L, Nian G, Zhong J, Lin Y, Zhang Y. Impact of volatile organic compounds in large municipal solid waste landfills on regional environment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 181:145-156. [PMID: 38608529 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Landfill disposal is a major approach of disposing municipal solid waste (MSW) in China. In order to explore the impact of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated by landfill on the air quality of regional environment, Jiangcungou landfill in Xi'an and its surrounding area were taken as a research object to analyze the spatial distribution and seasonal variation patterns of non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) and VOCs components through seasonal sampling of regional NMHC concentration and VOCs concentration (116 species). CALPUFF model was adopted to analyze the regional dispersion characteristics of NMHC on landfill. In addition, propylene equivalent concentration (PEC) and maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) methods were used to estimate O3 formation potential of the landfill, while fraction aerosol coefficient (FAC) and SOA potential (SOAP) methods were used to estimate SOA formation potential of the landfill. It was indicated that, the component with the highest concentration of VOCs on the working surface and the surrounding area of landfill was p + m-xylene (41.0 μg/m3) and halohydrocarbon (111.2 μg/m3-156.3 μg/m3), respectively. The component with the greatest impact on the surrounding air was acetone, which accounts for 75 %-87 % of the corresponding substance concentration on the landfill. In summer, the surrounding area was affected most by NMHC from landfill, whose emissions contributed 9.5 mg/m3 to the surrounding area. The component making the largest contribution to O3 formation was p + m-xylene (8 %-24 %), while ethylbenzene was the component making the largest contribution to SOA formation (20 %-24 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanyu Nian
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiahao Zhong
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifan Lin
- Xi'an Solid Waste Disposal Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Architecture, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Xi'an, China.
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Liang Z, Yu Y, Sun B, Yao Q, Lin X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Wang X, Tang Z, Ma S. The underappreciated role of fugitive VOCs in ozone formation and health risk assessment emitted from seven typical industries in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:647-657. [PMID: 37923473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Fugitive emission from industrial sources may result in ozone formation and health risk, while the exact contribution of this source remains incompletely understood. In this study, emission characteristics, ozone formation potential (OFP) and health risk of fugitive VOCs in 7 representative industries were investigated. Chemical material industry was the dominant contributor to VOCs of fugitive emission in comparison with other industries. The OFP of VOCs from fugitive emission was in the range of 1.45 × 103-3.98 × 105 µg/m3, with a higher value than that of organized emission in seven industries except for the coking industry and the chemical material industry, suggesting that fugitive VOCs should be taken into account while developing control strategies. Acetaldehyde, m,p-xylene, n-nonane, ethylene, vinyl chloridethe and other high OFP-contributing species were the major reactive species that should be targeted. Health risk assessment investigated non-cancer and cancer risks of fugitive VOCs in 7 industries were all above safe level (HR > 1 and LCR > 1 × 10-4), posing remarkable health threats to human health. OVOCs were the main contributor to non-cancer risk, while halohydrocarbons and aromatics contributed most to cancer risks, posing remarkable health threat on human health. Our findings highlighted the contribution of fugitive VOCs on ozone formation and health risk was underestimated, indicating which should be considered in emission control strategies of industrial sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Liang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Qian Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Xihua Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Henan Jiyuan Ecological Environment Testing Center, Jiyuan 454650, China
| | - Yingzi Li
- Ecological Environment Bureau of Jiyuan Production City Integration Demonstration Zone, Jiyuan 454650, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Ecological Environment Bureau of Jiyuan Production City Integration Demonstration Zone, Jiyuan 454650, China
| | - Zhengzheng Tang
- Ecological Environment Bureau of Jiyuan Production City Integration Demonstration Zone, Jiyuan 454650, China
| | - Shexia Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510535, China.
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Swift SJ, Sixtová N, Omezzine Gnioua M, Španěl P. A SIFT-MS study of positive and negative ion chemistry of the ortho-, meta- and para-isomers of cymene, cresol, and ethylphenol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37377058 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02123h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS) is a soft ionisation technique based on gas phase ion-molecule reaction kinetics for the quantification of trace amounts of volatile organic compound vapours. One of its previous limitations is difficulty in resolving isomers, although this can now be overcome using different reactivities of several available reagent cations and anions (H3O+, NO+, O2+˙, O-˙, OH-, O2-˙, NO2-, NO3-). Thus, the ion-molecule reactions of these eight ions with all isomers of the aromatic compounds cymene, cresol and ethylphenol were studied to explore the possibility of their immediate identification and quantification without chromatographic separation. Rate coefficients and product ion branching ratios determined experimentally for the 72 reactions are reported. DFT calculations of their energetics confirmed the feasibility of the suggested reaction pathways. All positive ion reactions proceeded fast but largely did not discriminate between the isomers. The reactivity of the anions was much more varied. In all cases, OH- reacts by proton transfer forming (M-H); NO2- and NO3- were unreactive. The differences observed for product ion branching ratios can be used to identify isomers approximately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Swift
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of CAS, v.v.i, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czechia.
| | - Nikola Sixtová
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of CAS, v.v.i, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czechia.
| | - Maroua Omezzine Gnioua
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of CAS, v.v.i, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czechia.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 120 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Patrik Španěl
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of CAS, v.v.i, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czechia.
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5
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Raclavská H, Růžičková J, Raclavský K, Juchelková D, Kucbel M, Švédová B, Slamová K, Kacprzak M. Effect of biochar addition on the improvement of the quality parameters of compost used for land reclamation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:8563-8581. [PMID: 34716551 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The 5% addition of biochar in composting in rows contributes significantly to reducing volatile organic compound(VOC) emissions. When composting with the addition of biochar, the average temperature increased by 13 ± 6.7 °C during the whole period, and the thermophilic phase was extended by 11 days. The higher temperature supported a reduction in the time necessary for achieving the biological stability observed by the oxygen uptake rate by more than 10 days. For organic compounds formed by the degradation of easily degradable primary components (proteins), the addition of biochar significantly reduces the release of organic compounds with heterocyclically bound nitrogen (Norg-VOCs) and volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). The end of the biodegradation process is indicated by a decrease in VOC concentrations below initial values in the input material. This state was achieved in the compost with added biochar after 47 days, while in compost without added biochar, it lasted 60 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Raclavská
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Růžičková
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Konstantin Raclavský
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Juchelková
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kucbel
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Švédová
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Slamová
- Institute of Foreign Languages, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Małgorzata Kacprzak
- Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, J.H. Dąbrowskiego 69, 42-201, Czestochowa, Poland
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Yaashikaa PR, Kumar PS, Nhung TC, Hemavathy RV, Jawahar MJ, Neshaanthini JP, Rangasamy G. A review on landfill system for municipal solid wastes: Insight into leachate, gas emissions, environmental and economic analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136627. [PMID: 36181852 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Landfill is one of the common processes for removing and disposing waste materials that comprises the final method of disposing municipal solid waste. Disposal of municipal solid waste through land filling has become an important environmental problem all over the world which results in environmental contamination and pollution. Microbes present in the land act on the dumped materials and decompose the organic content present. The leachate from landfill is rich in organic, inorganic and suspended particles which may cause threat to ecosystem. The pollutants from leachate may be heavy metals, organic and inorganic content and organic compounds. The geological properties of soil get altered when leachate migrates. The physical, chemical and biological properties of the dumped material are determined by the decomposition of substances and microbes acting onto it. Trace gas emission may occur due to volatilization of chemical substances, degradation of waste materials and conversion reactions. The concentration of gas released varies from region to region of dumping, covered and uncovered dumped materials. The current review recommends an engineered landfill design helpful for landfill gas generation which replaces the fossil fuel as a compressed natural gas or liquefied natural gas. The landfill area is separated into organic and inorganic cells to scope at the objective of energy generation and resource recovery. However, the impact of these released gaseous emissions has been analyzed completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Yaashikaa
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar
- Green Technology and Sustainable Development in Construction Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Tran Cam Nhung
- Faculty of Safety Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - R V Hemavathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Marie Jyotsna Jawahar
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - J P Neshaanthini
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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7
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Gao W, Yang X, Zhu X, Zhao S, Yu J, Wang D, Yang M. The variation of odor characteristics of wastewater sludge treated by advanced anaerobic digestion (AAD) and the contribution pattern of key odorants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156722. [PMID: 35714751 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Identification of the odor characteristics of wastewater sludge is important in the evaluation of sludge quality and disposal options considering that sludge odor nuisance may cause major environmental issues. In this study, raw sludge and sludge cake were collected from five WWTPs applied advanced anaerobic digestion (AAD) sludge treatment process to clarify the variation of odor characteristics using sensory analysis and instrumental analysis. The electronic nose, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) were used to profile and identify the chemical composition of key odorants. A total of 20 odorants were identified and quantified, including 6 groups of chemicals, among which volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), indole, 3-methylindole and geosmin were identified as key odorants. The odor of the dewatered digested sludge was improved by means of changing the odor character from fecal/sulfide to earthy odor due to the reduction in VSCs concentration. The AAD and subsequent dewatering process resulted in effective removal of VSCs, which are important constituents that impact the sludge odor characteristics through synergistic effect on fecal odorants and masking effect on earthy odorants. Moreover, due to the variation of sludge quality after AAD treatment, the emission capacity of indole, 3-methylindole, and other volatiles increased, which could not be neglected for the formation of unique sludge odor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Yangtze River Delta Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Yangtze River Delta Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Yiwu 322000, China.
| | - Xinmeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Yangtze River Delta Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Research and Development Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Yangtze River Delta Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Yiwu 322000, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Department of Environment Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Haider KM, Lafouge F, Carpentier Y, Houot S, Petitprez D, Loubet B, Focsa C, Ciuraru R. Chemical identification and quantification of volatile organic compounds emitted by sewage sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155948. [PMID: 35588801 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of organic waste products (e.g. sewage sludge, SS) is currently being promoted as a substitute for mineral fertilizers for agricultural lands. The spreading of SS allows the recycling of the nutrients and organic matter it contains. SS contains various pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that adversely affect the ecosystem and human health through ozone production and serve as critical precursors of atmospheric secondary organic aerosols. There are very few studies quantifying the gaseous compounds emitted from SS, and those studies primarily address their odorant properties for identifying suitable odour abatement techniques. There is an urgent need for more comprehensive quantitative information on VOCs emitted from SS as aerosol precursors. In this context, an experimental study was performed on SS samples taken from a wastewater treatment plant located in France. Undigested SS (UDSS), digested SS (DSS) and SS with 30% and 60% dryness were collected from different stages of treatment sequence and analyzed using atmospheric simulation chambers coupled to proton-transfer-reaction quadrupole ion-guide time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Our study revealed that SS samples emitted a large spectrum of VOCs. 380 compounds were detected, quantified and classified into different chemical groups. The VOC emissions increased with the increase in the dryness of the sample; the highest being in SS 60%, followed by SS 30%, UDSS and DSS. OVOCs were dominant in SS 60%. The statistical analysis showed that the anaerobic digestion and the dewatering to 60% of dryness decreased the emissions of sulphuric compounds. Aromatic compounds and indoles (e.g. skatole) were emitted significantly from the UDSS. Some of these VOCs can serve as precursor gases for atmospheric aerosol formation. The experimental dataset obtained in this study provides an accurate inventory reference for the VOC emissions from SS samples and shows the impacts of the treatment on emission characteristics of VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Haider
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, Lille F-59000, France; INRAe, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiveral-Grignon, France
| | - F Lafouge
- INRAe, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiveral-Grignon, France
| | - Y Carpentier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, Lille F-59000, France
| | - S Houot
- INRAe, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiveral-Grignon, France
| | - D Petitprez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Lille F-59000, France
| | - B Loubet
- INRAe, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiveral-Grignon, France
| | - C Focsa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, Lille F-59000, France
| | - R Ciuraru
- INRAe, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiveral-Grignon, France.
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9
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Yang W, Ci M, Hu L, Shen Z, Fang C, Long Y. Sulfate-reduction behavior in waste-leachate transition zones of landfill sites. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 428:128199. [PMID: 35030490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The sulfate reduction behavior of the waste-leachate transition zone of landfill was investigated at different temperatures and moisture contents. Marked differences in the sulfate reduction behavior were observed in the waste-leachate transition zone. The highest H2S concentration was observed when the solid-to-liquid ratio was 1:3 at both temperatures. Although more leachate led to higher H2S concentrations, the solid-to-liquid ratio was likely of subordinate significance compared with temperature. The microbial community was more unstable at 50 °C and more extensive mutualistic interactions among bacteria were observed, resulting in SRB showing a more violent response to changes in the solid-to-liquid ratio. At 25 °C, it's the opposite. A temperature of 25 °C was suitable for most SRB (such as Desulfomicrobium and Desulfobulbus), while some specific SRB that did not contain the functional genes (such as Dethiobacter and Anaerolinea) played a pivotal role in the significant differences in sulfate reduction behavior observed at 50 °C. This study provides a theoretical basis for controlling the release of H2S from landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Enginee ring, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Manting Ci
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Enginee ring, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Lifang Hu
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Zhen Shen
- Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd., Winston Salem, NC 27109, United States
| | - Chengran Fang
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yuyang Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Enginee ring, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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10
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Odour Load of Selected Elements of the Technological Line at a Municipal Waste Biogas Plant. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15072427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Technological processes associated with municipal solid waste (MSW) processing are a potential source of odorant emissions, i.e., substances that cause negative olfactory impressions. When released into the atmosphere, these substances can cause odour nuisance complaints from residents. Many scientists have noted the strong relationship between odorant emission sources and odour concentrations and their significant impact on the living comfort of residents near these sources, as well as their social and economic relations. This paper attempts to estimate the odour load of selected elements of the technological sequence of a biogas plant processing municipal waste. Odour load was characterised by four constituents: odorant emissions, odour emissions, the variability of these emissions, and the emission levels per 1 Mg (1000 kg) of waste. The highest odour emissions accompany the storage of mixed MSW, which is associated with a large amount of waste. Limiting the storage time of waste should be an indispensable part of the technological regime. The dominant odorant associated with mixed MSW storage is NH3 emissions. The greatest variability of odorant and odour emissions concerns gases captured from selectively collected waste plastics and metals, due to the varied forms of selective waste collection in the service area, and their unstable efficiency. High variability of NH3 and odour emissions also accompanies digestate dewatering.
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11
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Chu YX, Wang J, Tian G, He R. Reduction in VOC emissions by intermittent aeration in bioreactor landfills with gas-water joint regulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118059. [PMID: 34488158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfill mining and reclamation is a new strategy for addressing the lack of space available for new landfills and realizing the sustainable development of landfills. A gas-water joint bioreactor landfill is regulated by injecting water and/or recirculating leachate, and a blasting aeration system to optimize waste stabilization. In this study, four landfill reactors were constructed to investigate the effects of ventilation methods, including continuous (20 h d-1) and intermittent aeration (4 h d-1 in continuous or 2-h aeration per 12 h, twice a day), on the degradation of organic matter and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in comparison with traditional landfills. A total of 62 VOCs were detected in the landfill reactors. Among them, halogenated compounds had the highest abundance (39.8-65.4 %), followed by oxygenated compounds, alkanes and alkenes, and aromatic compounds. Both intermittent and continuous aeration could accelerate the degradation of landfilled waste and increase the volatilization rate of VOCs. Compared with intermittent aeration, the degradation of landfilled waste was more quickly in the landfill reactor with continuous aeration. However, intermittent aeration could create anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic conditions, which were conducive to the growth and metabolism of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms in landfills and thereby reduced more than 63.4 % of total VOC emissions from the landfill reactor with continuous aeration. Moreover, intermittent aeration could reduce the ventilation rate and decrease the cost of aeration by 80 % relative to continuous aeration. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Tenericutes predominated in the landfill reactors. The environmental variables including organic matter and VOCs concentrations had significant influences on microbial community structure in the landfilled waste. These findings indicated that intermittent aeration was an effective way to accelerate the stabilization of landfilled waste and reduce the cost and environmental risks in bioreactor landfills with gas-water joint regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Chu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guangming Tian
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ruo He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China; College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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12
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Kulig A, Szyłak-Szydłowski M, Wiśniewska M. Application of Chemical Sensors and Olfactometry Method in Ecological Audits of Degraded Areas. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21186190. [PMID: 34577395 PMCID: PMC8468849 DOI: 10.3390/s21186190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mineral excavation is a common process throughout the world. The open pits remaining after the closure of a mine require well-considered and meticulous reclamation activities aimed at restoring the environmental properties of a given area. The inspections carried out in Poland indicate numerous irregularities in implementing the reclamation process. The research in this study was conducted in six measurement series and includes both chemical and olfactometry determinations by devices: multisensor portable gas detector and field olfactometer. Statistical analysis of the results obtained show high concentrations in ambient air of both chemical compounds (NH3, VOCs, H2S, CH3SH) and odour, excluding the possibility of occurrence in the pit of only waste types contained in the administrative decision on reclamation. In addition to the unpleasant odour, the listed compounds can have dangerous effects on the health and life of living organisms. This paper presents a suitable method of control and detection of irregularities in the conducted processes. The main advantage is the relatively low cost of purchasing sensors and field olfactometers compared to other devices, and the possibility to test the polluted air in situ, without the risk of chemical processes occurring during transport of gas samples to the laboratory.
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13
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Zhang CL, Gu YG, Wang H, Gong D, Li X, Zhou L, Wang B. Emission of volatile organic compounds during aerobic decomposition of banana peel. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 130:74-81. [PMID: 34052469 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were continuously measured during the aerobic decomposition of banana peel in a laboratory-scale landfill simulator over 25 d. Using direct membrane inlet single-photon ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MI-SPI-ToF-MS), 18 VOCs belonging to 10 functional groups were detected in the air samples, and their VOC emission profiles were established using cluster analysis on time-resolved data. Three emission stages were clearly identified, with the major release for most VOC compounds occurring during the first 14 d. The emission patterns of the individual compounds were quite similar despite the different release mechanisms. In addition, no apparent increase in temperature was observed inside the simulator during the entire experimental period. We suggest that the volatilisation of the constituents in the waste pile contributed equally to VOC emissions as did the degradation of banana peel via microbial activity. The average emission rate of total VOCs reached 44.3 × 10-3 mg VOC kg-1 of dry banana peel, with more than half belonging to malodourous substances. The malodourous emissions of the decaying banana peel in an aerobic environment mainly originated from styrene, dimethyl sulphide, and diethyl sulphide, the most common contributors to offensive odourants during food waste biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng L Zhang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; JNU-QUT Joint Laboratory for Air Quality Science and Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Ying G Gu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; JNU-QUT Joint Laboratory for Air Quality Science and Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Daocheng Gong
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Boguang Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; JNU-QUT Joint Laboratory for Air Quality Science and Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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14
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Wang Y, Li L, Qiu Z, Yang K, Han Y, Chai F, Li P, Wang Y. Trace volatile compounds in the air of domestic waste landfill site: Identification, olfactory effect and cancer risk. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129582. [PMID: 33476794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Landfill sites are regarded as sources of volatile compounds (VOCs) and odors emitted to the atmosphere. Surface emissions of VOCs and odors were investigated in a rural domestic waste landfill site located in southwest China. A total of 76 chemical compounds belonging to 3 chemical families were identified and quantified. The total number of VOCs (TVOC) detected ranged from 18.1 to 806.3 mg/m3, while odorous gases and greenhouse gases ranged from 0.4 to 21.2 and 0-100.5 mg/m3, respectively. High emissions were found in the air surrounding the leachate storage pool (LSP) and dumping area (DPA). The dominant species of VOCs were hexaldehyde, m-xylene, propylene oxide, acetophenone, and 2-butanone. The traceability analysis showed that the odors and VOCs diffused to the downwind boundary mainly came from the DPA and LSP. According to the olfactory effect analysis and cancer risk assessment, the main odor-causing gaseous pollutants were hydrogen sulfide, propionic acid, styrene, and 2-pentanone, while benzene, trichlorethylene, and 1,3-butadiene were the dominant carcinogens. This study provides new insights into the emission characteristics, olfactory effects, and cancer risks of VOCs and odors emitted from rural domestic solid waste landfill sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, PR China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, PR China.
| | - Zhongping Qiu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, PR China.
| | - Kaixiong Yang
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Yunping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, PR China.
| | - Fengguang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, PR China.
| | - Pengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, PR China.
| | - Yanjie Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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15
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Shao Y, Xia M, Liu J, Liu X, Li Z. Composition and profiles of volatile organic compounds during waste decomposition by the anaerobic bacteria purified from landfill. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 126:466-475. [PMID: 33838386 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) become concerned pollutants in landfill gases, and their composition and concentration varied significantly during waste decomposition. Many environmental factors are known to affect VOC emissions, while the effect of indigenous bacteria in wastes on VOC production remains elusive. In this study, a simplified anaerobic degradation experiment, with the single substrate and the purified bacteria from a landfill, was set up to measure the degradation process and the dynamic changes of VOCs. The experiment excluded the abiotic factors for VOC variation. The two isolated bacteria, identified as Sporanaerobacter acetigenes and Clostridium sporogenes, could anaerobically ferment amino acids by Stickland reaction. They produced 51 and 57 species of VOCs in the experiment, respectively. The concentration changes of VOCs over bacterial growth and fermentation were clustered into four types by principal component analysis: three profiles were regular, similar to the variation of nitrate, hydrogen sulfide, and the major fermentation products (carbon dioxide, ammonium, and volatile organic acids), respectively; while one profile was unique to any degradation indicator. The various concentration profiles indicated different origins for VOCs, possibly from the extracellular environment, fermentation, and secondary reactions. The findings provide insights into the understanding of VOC diversity and variability during waste decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Mengjing Xia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; College of International Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zhenshan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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16
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The Use of Chemical Sensors to Monitor Odour Emissions at Municipal Waste Biogas Plants. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11093916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Municipal waste treatment plants are an important element of the urban area infrastructure, but also, they are a potential source of odour nuisance. Odour impact from municipal waste processing plants raises social concerns regarding the well-being of employees operating the plants and residents of nearby areas. Chemical methods involve the determination of the quantitative composition of compounds comprising odour. These methods are less costly than olfactometry, and their efficiency is not dependent on human response. The relationship between the concentration of a single odorant and its odour threshold (OT) is determined by the odour activity value (OAV) parameter. The research involved the application of a multi-gas detector, MultiRae Pro. Measurements by means of the device were conducted at three municipal waste biogas plants located in Poland. In this paper we describe the results obtained when using a detector during the technological processes, the unitary procedures conducted at the plants, and the technological regime. The determination of these relationships could be useful in the development of odour nuisance minimization procedures at treatment plants and the adjustment to them. This is of paramount importance from the viewpoint of the safety and hygiene of the employees operating the installations and the comfort of residents in the areas surrounding biogas plants. Monitoring of expressed odorant emissions allows the course of technological processes and conducted unit operations to be controlled.
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17
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Duan Z, Kjeldsen P, Scheutz C. Trace gas composition in landfill gas at Danish landfills receiving low-organic waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 122:113-123. [PMID: 33503529 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In 1997, the landfilling of biodegradable waste was banned in Denmark, and currently Danish landfills receive mostly non-combustible waste with a low-organic content. This study aimed to investigate trace gas composition in landfill gas (LFG) at modern Danish landfills. Landfill gas samples were taken from waste cells containing shredder, mixed and aged waste from four Danish landfills. The highest trace gas concentrations were found in shredder waste cells (average concentration of 103 mg m-3), which were comparable with conventional municipal solid waste landfills receiving organic waste. Aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatics were dominant in the shredder waste cells, most likely released through direct volatilisation from disposed waste products. Abundant oxygenated compounds were found in the shredder waste cell in one of the landfills, thereby indicating a higher level of organic fraction biodegradation. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEXs) were measured in high concentrations in all shredder waste cells, contributing to more than 75% of total aromatics. Considerably lower concentrations of trace gases were measured in the mixed and aged waste cells, which were dominated by hydrogen sulphide and several aliphatic hydrocarbons. A constant concentration ratio was established between aliphatic hydrocarbons together with aromatics and methane in shredder waste cells, which was then used in an LFG generation model to estimate trace gas production. The production rates of BTEXs from two landfills were estimated at 272 and 73 kg yr-1 in 2020, which were not considered to pose a significant risk to the environment or to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhan Duan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Building 115, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Peter Kjeldsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Building 115, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Scheutz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Building 115, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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18
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Maurer L, Villette C, Reiminger N, Jurado X, Laurent J, Nuel M, Mosé R, Wanko A, Heintz D. Distribution and degradation trend of micropollutants in a surface flow treatment wetland revealed by 3D numerical modelling combined with LC-MS/MS. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116672. [PMID: 33285453 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wastewater treatment plants are not designed to treat micropollutants; thus, for 20 years, several complementary treatment systems, such as surface flow wetlands have been used to address this issue. Previous studies demonstrate that higher residence time and low global velocities promote nutrient removal rates or micropollutant photodegradation. Nevertheless, these studies were restricted to the system limits (inlet/outlet). Therefore, detailed knowledge of water flow is crucial for identifying areas that promote degradation and optimise surface flow wetlands. The present study combines 3D water flow numerical modelling and liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). Using this numerical model, validated by tracer experimental data, several velocity areas were distinguished in the wetland. Four areas were selected to investigate the waterflow influence and led to the following results: on the one hand, the number and concentration of micropollutants are independent of the waterflow, which could be due to several assumptions, such as the chronic exposure associated with a low Reynolds number; on the other hand, the potential degradation products (metabolites) were also assessed in the sludge to investigate the micropollutant biodegradation processes occurring in the wetland; micropollutant metabolites or degradation products were detected in higher proportions (both number and concentration) in lower flow rate areas. The relation to higher levels of plant and microorganism metabolites suggests higher biological activity that promotes degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Maurer
- Plant Imaging and Mass Spectrometry (PIMS), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Department of mechanics - Engineering science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube, UMR 7357), ENGEES/CNRS/INSA/University of Strasbourg, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Villette
- Plant Imaging and Mass Spectrometry (PIMS), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Reiminger
- Department of mechanics - Engineering science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube, UMR 7357), ENGEES/CNRS/INSA/University of Strasbourg, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France; AIR&D, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Xavier Jurado
- Department of mechanics - Engineering science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube, UMR 7357), ENGEES/CNRS/INSA/University of Strasbourg, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France; AIR&D, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Laurent
- Department of mechanics - Engineering science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube, UMR 7357), ENGEES/CNRS/INSA/University of Strasbourg, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maximilien Nuel
- Department of mechanics - Engineering science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube, UMR 7357), ENGEES/CNRS/INSA/University of Strasbourg, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Robert Mosé
- Department of mechanics - Engineering science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube, UMR 7357), ENGEES/CNRS/INSA/University of Strasbourg, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Adrien Wanko
- Department of mechanics - Engineering science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube, UMR 7357), ENGEES/CNRS/INSA/University of Strasbourg, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dimitri Heintz
- Plant Imaging and Mass Spectrometry (PIMS), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
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19
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Duan Z, Scheutz C, Kjeldsen P. Trace gas emissions from municipal solid waste landfills: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 119:39-62. [PMID: 33039980 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trace gas emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills have received increasing attention in recent years. This paper reviews literature published between 1983 and 2019, focusing on (i) the origin and fate of trace gas in MSW landfills, (ii) sampling and analytical techniques, (iii) quantitative emission measurement techniques, (iv) concentration and surface emission rates of common trace compounds at different landfill units and (v) the environmental and health concerns associated with trace gas emissions from MSW landfills. Trace gases can be produced from waste degradation, direct volatilisation of chemicals in waste products or from conversions/reactions between other compounds. Different chemical groups dominate the different waste decomposition stages. In general, organic sulphur compounds and oxygenated compounds are connected with fresh waste, while abundant hydrogen sulphide, aromatics and aliphatic hydrocarbons are usually found during the methane fermentation stage. Selection of different sampling, analytical and emission rate measurement techniques might generate different results when quantifying trace gas emission from landfills, and validation tests are needed to evaluate the reliability of current methods. The concentrations of trace gases and their surface emission rates vary largely from site to site, and fresh waste dumping areas and uncovered waste surfaces are the most important fugitive emission sources. The adverse effects of trace gas emission are not fully understood, and more emission data are required in future studies to assess quantitatively their environmental impacts as well as health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhan Duan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Scheutz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Kjeldsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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20
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The Importance of the Microclimatic Conditions Inside and Outside of Plant Buildings in Odorants Emission at Municipal Waste Biogas Installations. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13236463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Municipal waste biogas plants are an important element of waste treatment and energy policy. In this study, odorant concentrations and emissions were measured together with the air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) to confirm the hypothesis that the microclimatic conditions have an important impact on the level of odorant emission at municipal waste biogas plants. A simple correlation analysis was made to evaluate the strength and the direction of the relationship between the odorant concentration and emission and air temperature and relative humidity. The mean volatile organic compound (VOC) and NH3 concentrations vary depending on the stage of the technological line of the analysed municipal waste biogas plants and are in the following ranges, respectively: 0–38.64 ppm and 0–100 ppm. The odorant concentrations and emissions correlated statistically significantly with T primarily influences VOC concentrations and emissions while RH mainly affects NH3 concentrations and emissions. The strongest correlations were noted for the fermentation preparation section and for emissions from roof ventilators depending on the analysed plant. The smallest influence of microclimatic factors was observed at the beginning of the technological line—in the waste storage section and mechanical treatment hall. This is due to the greater impact of the type and quality of waste delivered the plants. The analysis of correlation between individual odorants showed significant relationships between VOCs and NH3 for most stages of the technological line of both biogas plants. In the case of technological sewage pumping stations, a significant relationship was also observed between VOCs and H2S. The obtained results may be helpful in preparing strategies to reduce the odours from waste treatment plants.
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21
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Yousefian F, Hassanvand MS, Nodehi RN, Amini H, Rastkari N, Aghaei M, Yunesian M, Yaghmaeian K. The concentration of BTEX compounds and health risk assessment in municipal solid waste facilities and urban areas. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110068. [PMID: 32846179 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, human exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX), along with their respective risk assessment is studied in four major units (n = 14-point sources) of the largest municipal solid waste management facilities (MSWF) in Iran. The results were compared with four urban sites in Tehran, capital of Iran. Workers at the pre-processing unit are exposed to the highest total BTEX (151 μg m-3). In specific, they were exposed to benzene concentrations of 11 μg m-3. Moreover, the total BTEX (t-BTEX) concentrations measured over the conveyor belt was 198 μg m-3 at most, followed by trommel (104), and active landfills (43). The mean concentration of ambient t-BTEX in Tehran is 100 μg m-3. On average, xylenes and toluene have the highest concentrations in both on-site and urban environments, with mean values of 24 and 21, and 41 and 37 μg m-3, respectively. Even though the non-carcinogenic risk of occupational exposure is negligible, BTEX is likely to increase the chance of carcinogenic risks (1.7E-05) for workers at the pre-processing unit. A definite carcinogenic risk of 1.3E-04, and non-carcinogenic effect, of HI = 1.6 were observed in one urban site. With the exception of the pre-processing unit, the citizens of Tehran had higher exposure to BTEX. Overall, BTEX concentrations in the largest MSWF of Iran remains an issue of public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yousefian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heresh Amini
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noushin Rastkari
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Aghaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kamyar Yaghmaeian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Solid Waste Management (CSWM), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Shi X, Zheng G, Shao Z, Gao D. Effect of source-classified and mixed collection from residential household waste bins on the emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135478. [PMID: 31753499 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of domestic waste classification following the principles of reduction, recycling, and harmlessness is an effective method to improve the urban and rural environments and to promote resource recycling. However, in many developing countries, the community residents lack awareness of the benefits of classified collection, which leads to a lack of initiative to classify MSW. To make the people realize the importance of MSW classification and increase the classification dynamics, Suzhou, China was taken as an example in this study, and residential areas were selected as sampling sites for classified and mixed collection of domestic waste. The main components of the odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from the dustbins via different disposal modes were determined by sampling in spring, summer, autumn, and winter. In addition, the ozone formation potential (OFP) and human health risk assessment of the VOCs were analyzed. Halogenated compounds were the major pollutants from the household waste dustbins of the residential areas. However, aromatic compounds contributed the most to the OFP of the VOCs. The OFP of VOCs reached the highest peak in summer, which was 1.02 × 103 μg/m3. Furthermore, more attention needs to be paid in classifying waste to reduce the concentration of OFP. Although there was a carcinogenic risk in spring and summer, it declined after waste classification. Compared with mixed collection, the source-classified collection of garbage had advantages in terms of controlling the emission of VOCs, ozone formation potential, and human health risk. These results could provide the evidence demonstrating the advantages of waste classification and attract people's attention. Furthermore, the results can also provide impetus to those countries, where separate collection of waste has not yet been implemented, to improve the enthusiasm for classification and the integrity of waste classification system. Residents should be encouraged to classify household waste in residential areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Shi
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhuze Shao
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ding Gao
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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23
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Characterization of the Gaseous and Odour Emissions from the Composting of Conventional Sewage Sludge. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many different alternatives exist to manage and treat sewage sludge, all with the common drawback of causing environmental and odour impacts. The main objective of this work is to present a full inventory of the gaseous and odorous emissions generated during the bench-scale composting of conventional sewage sludge, aiming at assessing the process performance and providing global valuable information of the different gaseous emission patterns and emission factors found for greenhouse gases (GHG) and odorant pollutants during the conventional sewage sludge composting process. The main process parameters evaluated were the temperature of the material, specific airflow, average oxygen uptake rate (OUR), and final dynamic respiration index (DRI), resulting in a proper performance of the sewage sludge composting process and obtaining the expected final product. The obtained material was properly stabilized, presenting a final DRI of 1.2 ± 0.2 g O2·h−1·kg−1 Volatile Solids (VS). GHGs emission factor, in terms of kg CO2eq·Mg−1 dry matter of sewage sludge (DM–SS), was found to be 2.30 × 102. On the other hand, the sewage sludge composting odour emission factor (OEF) was 2.68 × 107ou·Mg−1 DM–SS. Finally, the most abundant volatile organic compounds (VOC) species found in the composting gaseous emissions were terpenes, sulphur compounds, ketones, and aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas the major odour contributors identified were dimethyldisulphide, eucalyptol, and α-pinene.
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24
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Cheng Z, Zhu S, Chen X, Wang L, Lou Z, Feng L. Variations and environmental impacts of odor emissions along the waste stream. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:120912. [PMID: 31640936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Odor nuisance related to municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal is one of the main incentives to counter the Not-In-My-Backyard Syndrome. Moreover, integrated odor management contributes to specific odor control at different waste treatment stages. In this study, odor emissions along typical MSW streams were categorized based on their olfactive and environmental impacts after a field investigation of the residential district (RD), transfer station (TS), and landfill (LF) in the Chongming Eco-island. It was found that odorants, especially NH3 and sulfides, increased along the MSW stream, with total chemical concentration increasing from 1241.5 ± 235.6 to 6947.2 ± 1726.8 μg/m3. Source separation and co-landfill system, which premixes the MSW with bottom ash (BA) at a ratio of 5:1, were speculated to efficiently attenuate odorants. Sulfides reduced owing to an increase in trace metal dissolution and carbon source consumption with the addition of BA at the LF, whereas NH3 in the leachate pond increased due to enhanced biodegradation and alkalinity. Photochemical ozone formation (6.7 × 10-8-8.6 × 10-5 personal equivalent, PE), nutrient enrichment (5.4 × 10-8-4.6 × 10-5 PE), and acidification (4.8 × 10-8-4.1 × 10-5 PE) were the major environmental impact categories. The priority odor pollutants screened using ternary fuzzy synthetic system could reflect the impact of olfaction and environment and greatly varied along the waste stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Shanghai Solid Waste Management Center, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Louchun Wang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lili Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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25
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Conti C, Guarino M, Bacenetti J. Measurements techniques and models to assess odor annoyance: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105261. [PMID: 31704563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Odors have received increasing attention among atmospheric pollutants. Indeed, odor emissions are a common source of complaints, affecting the quality of life of humans and animals. The odor is a property of a mixture of different volatile chemical species (sulfur, nitrogen, and volatile organic compounds) capable of stimulating the olfaction sense sufficiently to trigger a sensation of odor. The impact of odors on the surrounding areas depends on different factors, such as the amount of odors emitted from the site, the distance from the site, weather conditions, topography, other than odors sensitivity and tolerance of the neighborhood. Due to the complexity of the odor issue, the aim of this review was to give an overview of: (i) techniques (sensorial and analytical) that can be used to determine a quantitative and qualitative characterization; (ii) air dispersion models applied for the evaluation of the spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric pollutants in terms of concentration in air and/or deposition in the studied domain; (iii) major sources of odor nuisance (waste and livestock); (iv) mitigation actions against odor impact. Among sensorial techniques dynamic olfactometry, field inspection, and recording from residents were considered; whereas, for analytical methodologies: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, identification of specific compounds, and electronic nose. Both kinds of techniques evaluate the odor concentration. Instead, to account for the effective impact of odors on the population, air dispersion models are used. They can provide estimates of odor levels in both current and future emission scenarios. Moreover, they can be useful to estimate the efficiency of mitigation strategies. Most of the odor control strategies involve measures oriented to prevent, control dispersion, minimize the nuisance or remove the odorants from emissions, such as adequate process design, buffer zones, odor covers, and treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Conti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Guarino
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Bacenetti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Zhao S, Yang X, Zhang W, Chang J, Wang D. Volatile sulfide compounds (VSCs) and ammonia emission characteristics and odor contribution in the process of municipal sludge composting. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2019; 69:1368-1376. [PMID: 31204897 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1629356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Malodor is becoming the main secondary pollution in the municipal sewage sludge-composting process. Ammonia and volatile sulfide compounds (VSCs) are the representative odorants that generated and emitted during the composting process. The emission characteristics of ammonia and VSCs were studied at different workshops in a full-scale municipal sludge-composting plant in North People's Republic of China. Results show that ammonia was the most dominant odorant of all the workshops and relative high concentrations of VSCs were detected at sludge stacking yard and composting workshop. The odor pattern of VSCs at the composting workshop and stacking yard were different. The odor pollution occurred mainly in the first 15 days of the composting process, in which the odor contribution of ammonia increased with time and the VSCs contributed largely in the first 5 days. The cumulative release concentration of VSCs from compost materials was in the order of DMDS (dimethyl disulfide) > DMS (dimethyl sulfide) > CS2 > MT (methyl mercaptan), and the total VSCs release concentration was in the range of 50-3200 μg·m-3. The production of ammonia correlated to the temperature and nitrogen content and state changes, however, the production of VSCs was more complicated due to the reaction and transformation of VSCs. Optimization of aerobic composting conditions and process parameters should be further studied to reduce the emission of odor gas from compost. Implications: Along with the widespread use of sludge aerobic composting in People's Republic of China, the malodor pollution during the composting treatment is becoming a serious environmental issue. The odor pollution occurred mainly in the first 15 days, and ammonia was the main odorant of all the workshops and need to be controlled. Relative high concentrations of VSCs were detected at sludge stacking yard and composting workshop, however, the odor impact of VSCs were different. The generation of VSCs is more complicated than ammonia due to the reaction and transformation of VSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China
- Research and Development Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, People's Republic of China University of Geosciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Research and Development Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental Studies, People's Republic of China University of Geosciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
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27
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Yao XZ, Ma RC, Li HJ, Wang C, Zhang C, Yin SS, Wu D, He XY, Wang J, Zhan LT, He R. Assessment of the major odor contributors and health risks of volatile compounds in three disposal technologies for municipal solid waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 91:128-138. [PMID: 31203934 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal plants pose serious odor pollution and health risks. In this study, the emission of volatile organic compounds and carbon disulfide was compared in the main processing units of three disposal methods, i.e., landfilling, eco-mechanical biological treatment (EMBT) and anaerobic fermentation in a MSW disposal plant. Among the detected volatile compounds (VCs), the top ten odor compounds were methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, carbon disulfide, styrene, m-xylene, 4-ethyltoluene, ethylbenzene, 2-hexyl ketone and n-hexane in the MSW disposal plant. Sulfur compounds were the main source of odor at the majority of sampling sites, and aromatic compounds were the dominant odor substrates at the tipping unit and sorting system of EMBT, while 2-hexanone was the major odor substrate at the tipping unit (AT) and sorting system (AS) of anaerobic fermentation and the landfill working surface. At AS and AT, the lifetime cancer risk values for 1,2-dichloroethane and trichloroethylene exceeded the carcinogenic risk value (>1.0E-04), and the hazard index values of naphthalene, trichloroethylene and acrolein all exceeded the acceptable level (>1). Therefore, special attention should be paid to VC emissions from MSW disposal facilities, and protection measures should be adopted for on-site workers to minimize health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Zhi Yao
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruo-Chan Ma
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hua-Jun Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yin
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin-Yue He
- School of Accounting, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Zhejiang Hongcheng Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Liang-Tong Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruo He
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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28
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Nie E, Zheng G, Gao D, Chen T, Yang J, Wang Y, Wang X. Emission characteristics of VOCs and potential ozone formation from a full-scale sewage sludge composting plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:664-672. [PMID: 31096396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the major components of the odor emitted from sewage sludge composting plants and are generally associated with odorous nuisances and health risks. However, few studies have considered the potential ozone generation caused by VOCs emitted from sewage sludge composting plants. This study investigated the VOC emissions from a full-scale composting plant. Five major treatment units of the composting plant were chosen as the monitoring locations, including the dewatered room, dewatered sludge, blender room, fermentation workshop, and product units. The fermentation workshop units displayed the highest concentration of VOC emissions at 2595.7 ± 1367.3 μg.m-3, followed by the blender room, product, dewatered sludge, and dewatered room units, whose emissions ranged from 142.2 ± 86.8 μg.m-3 to 2107.6 ± 1045.6 μg.m-3. The detected VOC families included oxygenated compounds, alkanes, alkenes, sulfide compounds, halogenated compounds, and aromatic compounds. Oxygenated compounds, particularly acetone, were the most abundant compounds in all samples. Principal component analysis revealed that the dewatered room and dewatered sludge units clustered closely, as indicated by their similar component emissions. The product units differed from the other sampling units, as their typical compounds were methanethiol, styrene, carbon disulfide, and hexane, all of which were the products of the latter stages of composting. Among the treatment units, the fermentation workshop units had the highest propylene equivalent (propy-equiv) concentration. Dimethyl disulfide and limonene were the major contributors. Limonene had the highest propy-equiv concentration, which contributed to the increased atmospheric reactivity and ozone formation potential in the surrounding air. To control the secondary environmental pollution caused by the VOC emissions during sewage sludge composting, the emission of limonene and dimethyl disulfide must be controlled from the blender room and fermentation workshop units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erqi Nie
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ding Gao
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junxing Yang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuewei Wang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiankai Wang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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29
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Sánchez-Monedero MA, Fernández-Hernández A, Higashikawa FS, Cayuela ML. Relationships between emitted volatile organic compounds and their concentration in the pile during municipal solid waste composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 79:179-187. [PMID: 30343744 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Composting operations taking place at municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment plants represent a source of volatile organic compounds (VOC) to the atmosphere. Understanding the variables governing the release of VOC at these facilities is crucial to assess potential health risks for site workers and local residents. In this work the changes in the VOC composition of a composting pile were monitored and compared to the VOC emmited from the same pile in order to understand the impact of composting operations on the release of VOC. More than one hundred VOC were indentified in the solid phase of the composting piles, which were dominated by terpenes (about 50% of the total amount of VOC) and in a lower quantity alcohols, volatile fatty acids and aromatic compounds. There was a reduction in the total concentration of VOC in the pile during composting, from 45 to 35 mg/kg, but the compostion and distribution of VOC families remained stable in the pile even in the mature compost. However, there was no correlation between the emitted VOC and their concentration in the composting pile. The VOC emission pattern was affected by the biological activity in the pile (measured by temperature, CO2 evolution and the presence of CH4 emissions). The highest VOC emissions were detected at early stages of the process, alongside with the generation of CH4 in the pile, and then decreased sharply in the mature compost as a consequence of biodegradation and volatilisation. These results pointed to the importance of composting operation rather than the composition of the raw materials on the release of VOC in composting plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sánchez-Monedero
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, P.O. Box 4195, 30080 Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - F S Higashikawa
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, P.O. Box 4195, 30080 Murcia, Spain; Santa Catarina State Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Agency - Epagri, Ituporanga Agricultural Experiment Station, P.O. Box 121, 88400-000 Ituporanga, Brazil
| | - M L Cayuela
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, P.O. Box 4195, 30080 Murcia, Spain
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30
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Nie E, Zheng G, Shao Z, Yang J, Chen T. Emission characteristics and health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds produced during municipal solid waste composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 79:188-195. [PMID: 30343745 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste degradation during composting generates volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can pose health risks the staff at the composting site and people living nearby. This problem restricts the widespread application of composting techniques. The characteristics of VOCs emitted from different units at a composting plant and the health risks posed were investigated in this study. A total of 44 VOCs (including alkanes, alkenes, aromatic compounds, halogenated compounds, oxygenated compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds) were identified and quantified. The highest VOC concentration (15484.1 ± 785.3 µg/m3) was found in primary fermentation, followed by the tipping unit (10302.1 ± 1334.8 µg/m3), composting product (4693.6 ± 1024.3 µg/m3), secondary fermentation (929.9 ± 105.2 µg/m3), and plant boundary (370.4 ± 75.8 µg/m3). The mean VOC concentration was 6356.0 µg/m3. The main compounds emitted during primary fermentation were oxygenated and those emitted from the tipping unit were alkenes. Health risk assessments indicate that VOCs did not pose unacceptable non-carcinogenic risks i.e., the HR values were <1 and carcinogenic risks (CR) values were <1.0 × 10-4. These results indicate that VOC emissions do not pose health risks to the staff at the composting site or to people living nearby. However, the cumulative non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks posed by the VOC mixture were high, especially for the primary fermentation unit emissions. Therefore, protecting the staff working near the primary fermentation unit should be a priority. Measures should be taken to minimize cumulative non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks because people are exposed to a mixture of VOCs mixture rather than to a single type of VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erqi Nie
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhuze Shao
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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31
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Raga R, Pivato A, Lavagnolo MC, Megido L, Cossu R. Methane oxidation and attenuation of sulphur compounds in landfill top cover systems: Lab-scale tests. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 65:317-326. [PMID: 29548403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a top cover system is investigated as a control for emissions during the aftercare of new landfills and for old landfills where biogas energy production might not be profitable. Different materials were studied as landfill cover system in lab-scale columns: mechanical-biological pretreated municipal solid waste (MBP); mechanical-biological pretreated biowaste (PB); fine (PBSf) and coarse (PBSc) mechanical-biological pretreated mixtures of biowaste and sewage sludge, and natural soil (NS). The effectiveness of these materials in removing methane and sulphur compounds from a gas stream was tested, even coupled with activated carbon membranes. Concentrations of CO2, CH4, O2, N2, H2S and mercaptans were analysed at different depths along the columns. Methane degradation was assessed using mass balance and the results were expressed in terms of methane oxidation rate (MOR). The highest maximum and mean MOR were observed for MBP (17.2gCH4/m2/hr and 10.3gCH4/m2/hr, respectively). Similar values were obtained with PB and PBSc. The lowest values of MOR were obtained for NS (6.7gCH4/m2/hr) and PBSf (3.6gCH4/m2/hr), which may be due to their low organic content and void index, respectively. Activated membranes with high load capacity did not seem to have an influence on the methane oxidation process: MBP coupled with 220g/m2 and 360g/m2 membranes gave maximum MOR of 16.5gCH4/m2/hr and 17.4gCH4/m2/hr, respectively. Activated carbon membranes proved to be very effective on H2S adsorption. Furthermore, carbonyl sulphide, ethyl mercaptan and isopropyl mercaptan seemed to be easily absorbed by the filling materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Raga
- DII - Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo n 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Pivato
- DII - Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo n 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Lavagnolo
- DII - Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo n 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Megido
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, Gijón Campus, University of Oviedo, 33203 Gijón, Spain
| | - Raffaello Cossu
- DII - Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo n 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
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32
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Du Z, Tsow F, Wang D, Tao N. Real-time Simutaneous Separation and Detection of Chemicals using Integrated Micro Column and Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Micro-GC. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2018; 18:1351-1357. [PMID: 30220886 PMCID: PMC6136449 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2017.2783892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An integrated and miniaturized Micro-Gas Chromatography with real-time imaging capability for simultaneous chemical separation and detection was developed. Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) was used as a sensitive and real-time imaging based detector for various gaseous chemical mixtures and good gas chromatographs were obtained. The system integrated a home-made miniaturized molecular sieve packed spiral micro-channel column with the SPRi imaging chip and real-time chemical separation and detection were demonstrated using alkanes. The chemical separation processes were simulated using COMSOL and matched well with experimental results. The system enabled the study of chemical separation processes in real-time by miniaturizing and integrating the Micro-GC separation and detection units. This approach can be expanded to multidimensional GC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Du
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5801 USA
| | - Francis Tsow
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5801 USA
| | - Di Wang
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5801 USA
| | - Nongjian Tao
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5801 USA
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Schiavon M, Martini LM, Corrà C, Scapinello M, Coller G, Tosi P, Ragazzi M. Characterisation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by the composting of different waste matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:845-853. [PMID: 28869831 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The complaints arising from the problem of odorants released by composting plants may impede the construction of new composting facilities, preclude the proper activity of existing facilities or even lead to their closure, with negative implications for waste management and local economy. Improving the knowledge on VOC emissions from composting processes is of particular importance since different VOCs imply different odour impacts. To this purpose, three different organic matrices were studied in this work: dewatered sewage sludge (M1), digested organic fraction of municipal solid waste (M2) and untreated food waste (M3). The three matrices were aerobically biodegraded in a bench-scale bioreactor simulating composting conditions. A homemade device sampled the process air from each treatment at defined time intervals. The samples were analysed for VOC detection. The information on the concentrations of the detected VOCs was combined with the VOC-specific odour thresholds to estimate the relative weight of each biodegraded matrix in terms of odour impact. When the odour formation was at its maximum, the waste gas from the composting of M3 showed a total odour concentration about 60 and 15,000 times higher than those resulting from the composting of M1 and M2, respectively. Ethyl isovalerate showed the highest contribution to the total odour concentration (>99%). Terpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene, p-cymene and limonene) were abundantly present in M2 and M3, while sulphides (dimethyl sulphide and dimethyl disulphide) were the dominant components of M1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Schiavon
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Luca Matteo Martini
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Cesare Corrà
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Scapinello
- Department of Physics, University of Trento c/o KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graziano Coller
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Trento, Via Verdi 53, I-38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Tosi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Ragazzi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy
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de Sá Borba PF, Martins EM, Ritter E, Corrêa SM. BTEX Emissions from the Largest Landfill in Operation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:624-631. [PMID: 28255609 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The emission rates and the ambient air concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes (BTEX) were measured over the intermediate cover layer and atmosphere of the Seropédica landfill, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BTEX were sampled using coconut shell charcoal cartridges, followed by extraction with dichloromethane and analysis by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Thirteen samples were collected in areas with and without cracks in the cover layer, and six samples were collected from the ambient air. The average emission rates were 11.7, 492.2, 153.7, 67.2, and 21.7 µg m- 2 day- 1, respectively, for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, m + p-xylenes and o-xylene. No benzene concentrations above the detection limit were observed in ambient air samples. The average concentrations of toluene, ethyl benzene, m + p-xylenes and o-xylene in ambient air samples were 2.14, 1.35, 0.49 and 0.08 µg m- 3, respectively. Higher emissions were found in locations containing larger cracks during the collection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisabeth Ritter
- Faculty of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sergio Machado Corrêa
- Faculty of Technology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rodovia Presidente Dutra, km 298, Resende, RJ, 27537-000, Brazil.
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Mustafa MF, Liu Y, Duan Z, Guo H, Xu S, Wang H, Lu W. Volatile compounds emission and health risk assessment during composting of organic fraction of municipal solid waste. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 327:35-43. [PMID: 28038430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of mechanically sorted organic fraction (MSOF) of municipal solid waste in composting facilities is among the major contributors of volatile compounds (VCs) generation and emission, causes nuisance problems and health risks on site as well as in the vicinages. The aim of current study was to determine the seasonal (summer and winter) variation and human health risk assessment of VCs in the ambient air of different processing units in MSOF at composting plant in China. Average concentration of VCs was 58.50 and 138.03mg/m3 in summer and winter respectively. Oxygenated compounds were found to be the highest concentration (46.78-91.89mg/m3) with ethyl alcohol as the major specie (43.90-85.31mg/m3) in the two seasons respectively. Nevertheless, individual non-carcinogenic (Hazard relation i.e HR<1) and carcinogenic risk (CR<1.0E-04) of the quantified VCs were within acceptable limit except naphthalene at biofilter unit. In addition, cumulative non-carcinogenic risk exceeded from the threshold limit both in summers and winters in all units except at biofilter unit during winter. Furthermore cumulative carcinogenic risk also exceeded at same unit during the summer season. Therefore special attention should be made to minimize cumulative non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk as people are well exposed to mixture of compounds, not to individual.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanjun Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenhan Duan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljoevej, Building 113, 2800Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hanwen Guo
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sai Xu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Sun Z, Cheng Z, Wang L, Lou Z, Zhu N, Zhou X, Feng L. The typical MSW odorants identification and the spatial odorants distribution in a large-scale transfer station. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7705-7713. [PMID: 28124270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Odorants from municipal solid waste (MSW) were complex variable, and the screening of key offensive odorants was the prerequisite for odor control process. In this study, spatial odor emissions and environmental impacts were investigated based on a large-scale working waste transfer station (LSWTS) using waste container system, and a comprehensive odor characterization method was developed and applied in terms of the odor concentration (OC), theory odor concentration (TOC), total chemical concentration (TCC), and electric nose (EN). The detected odor concentration ranged from 14 to 28 (dimensionless), and MSW container showed the highest OC value of 28, EN of 78, and TCC of 35 (ppm) due to the accumulation of leachate and residual MSW. Ninety-two species odorants were identified, and H2S, NH3, benzene, styrene, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane were the main contributors in the container, while benzene, m,p,x-xylene, butanone, acetone, isopropanol, and ethyl acetate were predominant in the compression surface (CS) and compression plant (CP). Side of roads (SR) and unload hall (UH) showed low odorous impact. Based on this odor list, 20 species of odor substances were screened for the priority control through the synthetic evaluation method, considering the odorants concentrations, toxicity, threshold values, detection frequency, saturated vapor pressure, and appeared frequency. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Sun
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowen Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Luochun Wang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziyang Lou
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Zhou
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
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Naveen BP, Mahapatra DM, Sitharam TG, Sivapullaiah PV, Ramachandra TV. Physico-chemical and biological characterization of urban municipal landfill leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:1-12. [PMID: 27616651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Unscientific management and ad-hoc approaches in municipal solid waste management have led to a generation of voluminous leachate in urban conglomerates. Quantification, quality assessment, following treatment and management of leachate has become a serious problem worldwide. In this context, the present study investigates the physico-chemical and biological characterization of landfill leachate and nearby water sources and attempts to identify relationships between the key parameters together with understanding the various processes for chemical transformations. The analysis shows an intermediate leachate age (5-10 years) with higher nutrient levels of 10,000-12,000 mg/l and ∼2000-3000 mg/l of carbon (COD) and nitrogen (TKN) respectively. Elemental analysis and underlying mechanisms reveal chemical precipitation and co-precipitation as the vital processes in leachate pond systems resulting in accumulation of trace metals. Based on the above criteria the samples were clustered into major groups that showed a clear distinction between leachate and water bodies. The microbial analysis showed bacterial communities correlating with specific factors relevant to redox environments indicating a gradient in nature and abundance of biotic diversity with a change in leachate environment. Finally, the quality and the contamination potential of the samples were evaluated with the help of leachate pollution index (LPI) and water quality index (WQI) analysis. The study helps in understanding the contamination potential of landfill leachate and establishes linkages between microbial communities and physico-chemical parameters for effective management of landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Naveen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Durga Madhab Mahapatra
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies (CST), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Energy and Wetlands Research Group (EWRG), Center for Ecological Sciences (CES), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - T G Sitharam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - P V Sivapullaiah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - T V Ramachandra
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies (CST), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Energy and Wetlands Research Group (EWRG), Center for Ecological Sciences (CES), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Sarkhosh M, Shamsipour A, Yaghmaeian K, Nabizadeh R, Naddafi K, Mohseni SM. Dispersion modeling and health risk assessment of VOCs emissions from municipal solid waste transfer station in Tehran, Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2017; 15:4. [PMID: 28286657 PMCID: PMC5341192 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-017-0268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The waste transfer stations (WTSs) is one of the most important factors affecting on environment and human health. This research is aimed to evaluate health risk of VOCs among WTS personnel and provide a model for dispersion of VOCs. The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) is able to simulate WTS emissions dispersion over each town. RESULT GC-MS was used to analysis collected gas samples to detect and estimate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic VOCs health risks. The total lifetime cancer risk values for the all personnel (3.30E-05), was more than acceptable limit (1.00E-06). Furthermore, hazard ratio (HR) of 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, 1,3-dichloropropane, toluene, m,p-xylene and ethylbenzene were 3.7, 1.9 E-01, 4.4 E-03, 5.5 E-02 and 1.5 E-03, respectively, and total HR of the mentioned compounds were more than accepted limit (HR < 1.00). IOA is 0.85 and RMSE is 2.16 and TAPM has a good performance. The VOCs level is considerable in 1600 m far from the WTS particularly in summer that require more attention. CONCLUSION The exposure to VOCs was at a high level in WTS, and some controlling strategy should be used for decreasing the pollution and protecting the citizens and personnel against non-cancerous and cancerous risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sarkhosh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - AliAkbar Shamsipour
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Yaghmaeian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Mohseni
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nilsson Påledal S, Arrhenius K, Moestedt J, Engelbrektsson J, Stensen K. Characterisation and treatment of VOCs in process water from upgrading facilities for compressed biogas (CBG). CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 145:424-430. [PMID: 26694791 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Compression and upgrading of biogas to vehicle fuel generates process water, which to varying degrees contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) originating from the biogas. The compostion of this process water has not yet been studied and scientifically published and there is currently an uncertainty regarding content of VOCs and how the process water should be managed to minimise the impact on health and the environment. The aim of the study was to give an overview about general levels of VOCs in the process water. Characterisation of process water from amine and water scrubbers at plants digesting waste, sewage sludge or agricultural residues showed that both the average concentration and composition of particular VOCs varied depending on the substrate used at the biogas plant, but the divergence was high and the differences for total concentrations from the different substrate groups were only significant for samples from plants using waste compared to residues from agriculture. The characterisation also showed that the content of VOCs varied greatly between different sampling points for same main substrate and between sampling occasions at the same sampling point, indicating that site-specific conditions are important for the results which also indicates that a number of analyses at different times are required in order to make an more exact characterisation with low uncertainty. Inhibition of VOCs in the anaerobic digestion (AD) process was studied in biomethane potential tests, but no inhibition was observed during addition of synthetic process water at concentrations of 11.6 mg and 238 mg VOC/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nilsson Påledal
- Department of R&D Biogas, Tekniska verken i Linköping AB, SE-581 15 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - K Arrhenius
- SP, Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, Box 857, SE-501 15 Borås, Sweden
| | - J Moestedt
- Department of R&D Biogas, Tekniska verken i Linköping AB, SE-581 15 Linköping, Sweden
| | - J Engelbrektsson
- SP, Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, Box 857, SE-501 15 Borås, Sweden
| | - K Stensen
- Department of R&D Biogas, Tekniska verken i Linköping AB, SE-581 15 Linköping, Sweden
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