1
|
Chai S, Kang BS, Valizadeh B, Valizadeh S, Hong J, Jae J, Andrew Lin KY, Khan MA, Jeon BH, Park YK, Seo MW. Fractional condensation of bio-oil vapors from pyrolysis of various sawdust wastes in a bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141121. [PMID: 38185423 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The use of lignocellulosic waste as an energy source for substituting fossil fuels has attracted lots of attention, and pyrolysis has been established as an effective technology for this purpose. However, the utilization of bio-oil derived from non-catalytic pyrolysis faces certain constraints, making it impractical for direct application in advanced sectors. This study has focused on overcoming these challenges by employing fractional condensation of pyrolytic vapors at distinct temperatures. The potential of five types of sawdust for producing high-quality bio-oil through pyrolysis conducted with a bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor was investigated for the first time. The highest yield of bio-oil (61.94 wt%) was produced using sample 3 (damaged timber). Remarkably, phenolic compounds were majorly gathered in the 1st and 2nd condensers at temperatures of 200 °C and 150 °C, respectively, attributing to their higher boiling points. Whereas, carboxylic acid, ketones, and furans were mainly collected in the 3rd (-5 °C) and 4th (-20 °C) condensers, having high water content in the range of 35.33%-65.09%. The separation of acidic nature compounds such as acetic acid in the 3rd and 4th was evidenced by its low pH in the range of 4-5, while the pH of liquid collected in the 1st and 2nd condensers exhibited higher pH (6-7). The well-separated bio-oil derived from biomass pyrolysis facilitates its wide usage in various applications, proposing a unique approach toward carbon neutrality. In particular, achieving efficient separation of phenolic compounds in bio-oil is important, as these compounds can undergo further upgrading to generate hydrocarbons and diesel fuel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhyeong Chai
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Sung Kang
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Behzad Valizadeh
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Soheil Valizadeh
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Hong
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Jae
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Moonis Ali Khan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung Won Seo
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mariyam S, Zuhara S, Parthasarathy P, McKay G. A Review on Catalytic Fast Co-Pyrolysis Using Analytical Py-GC/MS. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052313. [PMID: 36903559 PMCID: PMC10005324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Py-GC/MS combines pyrolysis with analytical tools of gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) and is a quick and highly effective method to analyse the volatiles generated from small amounts of feeds. The review focuses on using zeolites and other catalysts in the fast co-pyrolysis of various feedstocks, including biomass wastes (plants and animals) and municipal waste materials, to improve the yield of specific volatile products. The utilisation of zeolite catalysts, including HZSM-5 and nMFI, results in a synergistic reduction of oxygen and an increase in the hydrocarbon content of pyrolysis products. The literature works also indicate HZSM-5 produced the most bio-oil and had the least coke deposition among the zeolites tested. Other catalysts, such as metals and metal oxides, and feedstocks that act as catalysts (self-catalysis), such as red mud and oil shale, are also discussed in the review. Combining catalysts, such as metal oxides and HZSM-5, further improves the yields of aromatics during co-pyrolysis. The review highlights the need for further research on the kinetics of the processes, optimisation of feed-to-catalyst ratios, and stability of catalysts and products.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sreekala AGV, Ismail MHB, Nathan VK. Biotechnological interventions in food waste treatment for obtaining value-added compounds to combat pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62755-62784. [PMID: 35802320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the globe is facing tremendous effects due to the unnecessary piling of municipal solid waste among which food waste holds a greater portion. This practice not only affects the environment in terms of generating greenhouse gas emissions but when left dumped in landfills will also trigger poverty and malnutrition. This review focuses on the global trend in food waste management strategies involved in the effective utilization of food waste to produce various value-added products in a microbiology aspect, thereby diminishing the negative impacts caused by the unnecessary side effects of non-renewable energy sources. The review also detailed the efficiency of microorganisms in the production of various bio-energies as well. Further, recent attempts to the exploitation of genetically modified microorganisms in producing value-added products were enlisted. This also attempted to address food waste valorization techniques, the combined applications of various processes for an enhanced yield of different compounds, and addressed various challenges. Further, the current challenges involved in various processes and the effective measures to tackle them in the future have been addressed. Thus, the present review has successfully addressed the circular bio-economy in food waste valorization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Heikal Bin Ismail
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Vinod Kumar Nathan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kassa Dada T, Vuppaladadiyam A, Xiaofei Duan A, Kumar R, Antunes E. Probing the effect of Cu-SrO loading on catalyst supports (ZSM-5, Y-zeolite, activated carbon, Al 2O 3, and ZrO2) for aromatics production during catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste cooking oil. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127515. [PMID: 35764281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Cu-SrO bimetallic catalyst was synthesised and examined for catalytic co-pyrolysis of ironbark (IB) and waste cooking oil (WCO) using Py-GC/MS. The effect of catalyst supports (ZSM-5, Y-zeolite, activated carbon, Al2O3, and ZrO2) on aromatic hydrocarbons yield was studied. The effect of catalyst support on the selectivity of gasoline (C8-C14), diesel (C15-C17), and heavy oil (>C20) components of bio-oil were studied. Non-catalytic co-pyrolysis of IB and WCO produced a heavy oil component of 58.7% (>C20). SrO initiated a ketonization reaction that converted carboxylic acids into new C-C bonds. The addition of Cu effectively promoted secondary cracking and aromatization reactions enhancing the hydrocarbon yield. Cu-SrO/ZSM-5 and Cu-SrO/Y-zeolite produced low acid content of 4.43% and 12.5%, respectively. Overall, the bimetallic catalyst Cu-SrO/ZSM-5 significantly increased the amount of C8-C14 compounds to 87.28% and reduced compounds over C20 to 1.19%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Kassa Dada
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Arun Vuppaladadiyam
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Alex Xiaofei Duan
- Melbourne Trace Analysis for Chemical, Earth and Environmental Sciences (TrACEES) Platform and School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Elsa Antunes
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chansiriwat W, Wantala K, Khunphonoi R, Khemthong P, Suwannaruang T, Rood SC. Enhancing the catalytic performance of calcium-based catalyst derived from gypsum waste for renewable light fuel production through a pyrolysis process: A study on the effect of magnesium content. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133516. [PMID: 34990721 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The thermochemical conversion of abundant renewable resources through pyrolytic catalysis cracking (PCC) is one of the most promising technologies for producing green biofuels. In this study, the pyrolysis of palm oil was investigated over a sustainable CaO-based catalyst derived from waste gypsum. PCC was conducted in a continuous packed-bed reactor under atmospheric pressure without purge gas. The effects of Mg doping and reaction temperature were also examined. A wet ball milling process was used to prepare the well-mixed catalysts and to subsequently form a heterojunction structure between the CaO and MgO particles. CaO was synthesized using the Ca(OH)2 derived from the reaction between gypsum and sodium hydroxide. The pyrolytic oil was separated from the crude oil to remove water and other impurities. The pyrolytic oil was then distilled following ASTM D86, and the three separated products were classified as bio-gasoline, bio-kerosene, and bio-diesel. The highest renewable light fuel volume (bio-gasoline and bio-kerosene) of about 75% (74 %wt.) was obtained at a reaction temperature of 525 °C with 10% MgCO3 content. The percent volume of light fuel increased with increasing reaction temperature. Renewable light fuel production over the Mg-doped CaO-based catalyst was related to both the Mg content and reaction temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wasipim Chansiriwat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Chemical Kinetics and Applied Catalysis Laboratory (CKCL), Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Kitirote Wantala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Chemical Kinetics and Applied Catalysis Laboratory (CKCL), Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management (EHSM), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Rattabal Khunphonoi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Pongtanawat Khemthong
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Totsaporn Suwannaruang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Chemical Kinetics and Applied Catalysis Laboratory (CKCL), Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Shawn C Rood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su G, Ong HC, Mofijur M, Mahlia TMI, Ok YS. Pyrolysis of waste oils for the production of biofuels: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127396. [PMID: 34673394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of waste oils as pyrolysis feedstocks to produce high-grade biofuels is receiving extensive attention, which will diversify energy supplies and address environmental challenges caused by waste oils treatment and fossil fuel combustion. Waste oils are the optimal raw materials to produce biofuels due to their high hydrogen and volatile matter content. However, traditional disposal methods such as gasification, transesterification, hydrotreating, solvent extraction, and membrane technology are difficult to achieve satisfactory effects owing to shortcomings like enormous energy demand, long process time, high operational cost, and hazardous material pollution. The usage of clean and safe pyrolysis technology can break through the current predicament. The bio-oil produced by the conventional pyrolysis of waste oils has a high yield and HHV with great potential to replace fossil fuel, but contains a high acid value of about 120 mg KOH/g. Nevertheless, the application of CaO and NaOH can significantly decrease the acid value of bio-oil to close to zero. Additionally, the addition of coexisting bifunctional catalyst, SBA-15@MgO@Zn in particular, can simultaneously reduce the acid value and positively influence the yield and quality of bio-oil. Moreover, co-pyrolysis with plastic waste can effectively save energy and time, and improve bio-oil yield and quality. Consequently, this paper presents a critical and comprehensive review of the production of biofuels using conventional and advanced pyrolysis of waste oils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Centre for Green Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
| | - M Mofijur
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - T M Indra Mahlia
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Centre, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu X, Luo Z, Zhu X. Novel insights into the enrichment of phenols from walnut shell pyrolysis loop: Torrefaction coupled fractional condensation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 131:462-470. [PMID: 34271394 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enriching high-value chemicals from the pyrolysis of agricultural and forestry waste is an efficient way to achieve sustainable development and large-scale application of biomass pyrolysis. Phenols, as important chemical raw materials, spices and food additives, have attracted widespread attention. Herein, a novel technical route of torrefaction pretreatment combined with fractional condensation in pyrolysis loop was proposed to enrich the phenols in liquid products. In this study, the enrichment of phenols from the pyrolysis loop of walnut shell under the combination of torrefaction and fractional condensation was explored using a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor equipped with a three-stage condensation system. Simultaneously, the effects of torrefaction on feedstocks were investigated through a thermogravimetric analyzer based on the characteristics of feedstocks. The results showed that the torrefaction and pyrolysis loop had a negative impact on the pyrolysis efficiency and the yield of liquid products, while the change in the condensation efficiency depended on the combined effects of torrefaction and pyrolysis loop. In addition, phenols tended to be enriched in the second condensation stage, especially phenol, o-cresol, 4-ethylphenol. Importantly, torrefaction could significantly enrich phenols in the liquid products, and the enrichment of phenols is relatively increased by 109.44% at least. Moreover, the pyrolysis loop was also beneficial to the enrichment of phenols, which was at least 90% higher than that of walnut shell. This study provided a potential route to enrich high value-added products from the pyrolysis loop of lignocellulosic biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiefei Zhu
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zejun Luo
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xifeng Zhu
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ly HV, Tran QK, Kim SS, Kim J, Choi SS, Oh C. Catalytic upgrade for pyrolysis of food waste in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116023. [PMID: 33582642 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofuel production via pyrolysis has received increasing interest as a promising solution for utilization of now wasted food residue. In this study, the fast pyrolysis of mixed food waste (MFW) was performed in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor. This was done under different operating conditions (reaction temperatures and carrier gas flow rate) that influence product distribution and bio-oil composition. The highest liquid yield (49.05 wt%) was observed at a pyrolysis temperature of 475 °C. It was also found that the quality of pyrolysis bio-oils (POs) could be improved using catalysts. The catalytic fast pyrolysis of MFW was studied to upgrade the pyrolysis vapor, using dolomite, red mud, and HZSM-5. The higher heating values (HHVs) of the catalytic pyrolysis bio-oils (CPOs) ranged between 30.47 and 35.69 MJ/kg, which are higher than the HHVs of non-catalytic pyrolysis bio-oils (27.69-31.58 MJ/kg). The major components of the bio-oils were fatty acids, N-containing compounds, and derivatives of phenol. The selectivity for bio-oil components varied depending on the catalysts. In the presence of the catalysts, the oxygen was removed from oxygenates via moisture, CO2, and CO. The CPOs contained aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic compounds (such as naphthalene), pyridine derivatives, and light oxygenates (cyclic alkenes and ketones).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Vu Ly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, 346, Joongang-ro, Samcheok, Gangwon-do, 25913, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, 1732 Daegyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Quoc Khanh Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, 346, Joongang-ro, Samcheok, Gangwon-do, 25913, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, 346, Joongang-ro, Samcheok, Gangwon-do, 25913, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinsoo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, 1732 Daegyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suk Soon Choi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Semyung University, 65, Semyung-ro, Jecheon, Chungcheongbuk-do, 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Changho Oh
- Daekyung Esco, M-1903, 32, Songdowahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21984, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Z, Zhong Z, Zhang B, Wang W, Zhao H, Seufitelli GVS, Resende FLP. Microwave-assisted catalytic fast pyrolysis of rice husk over a hierarchical HZSM-5/MCM-41 catalyst prepared by organic base alkaline solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141215. [PMID: 32862000 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the results obtained for microwave-assisted catalytic fast pyrolysis (MACFP) of rice husk. The MACFP process employed a hierarchical catalyst prepared via a combination of organic alkali treatment (TPAOH) and the generation of an external layer of MCM-41-type mesoporous channels. We propose this catalyst which is used for the first time for pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, as a tool to reduce coke agglomeration and increase hydrocarbon yields. Our results indicate that during catalyst preparation the mass fraction of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has a direct effect on the content of MCM-41 formed on top of the HZSM-5 core. For MACFP, we hypothesize that the small molecules generated from thermal decomposition of rice husk react further to form aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons by decarbonylation, decarboxylation, oligomerization and aromatization. The highest hydrocarbon yield (60.5%) was obtained for a catalyst modified by a 2.0 mol/L TPAOH solution, with 10 wt% of CTAB (template for producing MCM-41), as well as with digestion and crystallization at 110 °C for 24 h. In addition, the highest liquid yield (47.6 wt%) was obtained at 550 °C. The relative content of hydrocarbons goes through a maximum of 60.5% with CTAB mass fraction which was higher than values obtained with MCM-41 (3.2%) and HZSM-5 (36.0%). Characterization and catalytic testing results suggest that the digestion temperature plays a more important role in the catalyst synthesis than the crystallization temperature. High digestion temperature (120 °C) decreases the overall hydrocarbon selectivity from 60.5% (110 °C) to 39.2%. The relative content of oxygenates reached the lowest value of 35.9% at the digestion and crystallization temperature of 110 °C. The synergistic effect of the MCM-41 shell and the HZSM-5 core promotes the catalytic activity, leading to outstanding deoxygenation capabilities and excellent selectivity to BTEX (52.7%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2100, United States
| | - Zhaoping Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Gabriel V S Seufitelli
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2100, United States
| | - Fernando L P Resende
- Jasper Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler 75799, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee DJ, Lu JS, Chang JS. Pyrolysis synergy of municipal solid waste (MSW): A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:123912. [PMID: 32741699 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic pyrolysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) were recently explored. This review aims to provide an overview on the synergistic pyrolysis studies of MSW, focusing on the synergy occurred during co-pyrolysis of different constituents of MSW. The interactions of intermediates released during pyrolysis can shift end product distributions, accelerate pyrolysis rates, and preferred production of specific compounds, which were categorized into four basic types with discussions. The pyrolysis synergy is proposed to be the key for success of pyrolytic practice of MSW that can handle the waste with maximal resource recovery and minimal carbon emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jia-Shun Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hafriz R, Nor Shafizah I, Salmiaton A, Arifin N, Yunus R, Taufiq Yap Y, Abd Halim S. Comparative study of transition metal-doped calcined Malaysian dolomite catalysts for WCO deoxygenation reaction. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
12
|
Lu JS, Chang Y, Poon CS, Lee DJ. Slow pyrolysis of municipal solid waste (MSW): A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 312:123615. [PMID: 32517890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, extensive studies have been carried out to improve our knowledge of the reactor operations and system performance in thermal pyrolysis of municipal solid wastes (MSW). However, the fundamentals of MSW pyrolysis and their engineering applications remain unsatisfactorily explored. This paper is a review of the pyrolysis of MSW and synergistic co-pyrolysis of the constituents of MSW with reference to pyrolytic performance, the distribution and energy content of the end products, and the mechanisms of the synergistic effects. The prospects for, and challenges of, the MSW pyrolysis process are provided. A MSW pyrolytic process with maximal energy recovery and minimal carbon footprint is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shun Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yingju Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fekhar B, Zsinka V, Miskolczi N. Thermo-catalytic co-pyrolysis of waste plastic and paper in batch and tubular reactors for in-situ product improvement. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 269:110741. [PMID: 32560985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a mixture of waste plastics and papers were pyrolyzed under mild conditions in batch and tubular reactors. The decomposition reactions were enhanced by the use of synthetic zeolite-based catalysts to obtain a higher yield of volatiles and modifying the product composition. Especially the decomposition reactions and the product properties obtained from the different reactors were compared. Gases were analysed by GC-FID and GC-TCD. This fraction contains hydrogen, carbon-monoxide, carbon-dioxide and hydrocarbons. The pyrolysis oils have oxygen-containing compounds, such as alcohols, aldehyde, ketones, carboxylic acids or phenol and its derivative. Not only the reactor configurations but also the catalysts had an effect to the product properties, because the catalysts with alkali characters showed advanced behaviour in the reduction of oxygenated hydrocarbons, while high synthetic zeolite catalysts can increase the saturation and isomerization reactions. The long-term behaviour of the pyrolysis oils was followed by an accelerated aging test at 80 °C till 7 days. The catalysts can effectively reduce the rate of density and viscosity increase during the aging and the alkali catalysts showed beneficial properties in reducing the acidic components. In general, the aging properties were more favorable for pyrolysis oils obtained from the tubular reactor compared with the results in batch reactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Fekhar
- University of Pannonia, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Process Engineering, MOL Department of Hydrocarbon & Coal Processing, H-8200, Veszprém, Egyetem u. 10, Hungary
| | - V Zsinka
- University of Pannonia, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Process Engineering, MOL Department of Hydrocarbon & Coal Processing, H-8200, Veszprém, Egyetem u. 10, Hungary
| | - N Miskolczi
- University of Pannonia, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Process Engineering, MOL Department of Hydrocarbon & Coal Processing, H-8200, Veszprém, Egyetem u. 10, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Z, Zhong Z, Zhang B, Wang W, Seufitelli GVS, Resende FLP. Catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of waste greenhouse plastic films and rice husk using hierarchical micro-mesoporous composite molecular sieve. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:561-568. [PMID: 31770690 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of waste greenhouse plastic films and rice husk over a hierarchical HZSM-5/MCM-41 catalyst was performed in an analytical Py-GC/MS. We evaluated the effect of pyrolysis temperature and the ratio of rice husk to waste greenhouse plastic films on the total peak area of condensable organic products and CO2. In order to evaluate synergy possibilities among the two feedstocks, we performed non-catalytic pyrolysis and catalytic fast pyrolysis of rice husk and waste greenhouse plastic films separately. In addition, we report results for the catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of the mixture rice husk and waste greenhouse plastic films. The maximum relative content of hydrocarbons from catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of rice husk and waste greenhouse plastic films is obtained at 600 °C. When the mass ratio of rice husk to waste greenhouse plastic films is 1:1.5, the relative content of hydrocarbons reaches a maximum (71.1%). The hierarchical micro-mesoporous composite molecular sieve used in this work has outstanding catalytic activity and increases the relative content of hydrocarbons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, WA, United States
| | - Zhaoping Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Gabriel V S Seufitelli
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, WA, United States
| | - Fernando L P Resende
- Jasper Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler 75799, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Miao C, Wang F, Zhou G, Xie H, Jiao Z, Zhang X. Promoting Effects of Al on Ni-Based Catalyst for the Hydrodeoxygenation Performance of Ethyl Acetate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2019-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The mesoporous Ni20/Al-KIT-6 (denoted as N20AxK) catalysts with different Al content (1–9 wt%) were prepared, metal Ni and KIT-6 modified by Al were used as active component and support, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the prepared N20AxK catalysts were characterized by H2-TPR, XRD, BET, TEM, and H2-TPD. The catalytic hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) performance of N20AxK catalysts was evaluated by ethyl acetate catalytic HDO. The results show that the catalytic HDO performance of the prepared N20AxK catalysts is related to the adsorption and activation performance for H2 molecules, as well as the dispersion of matal Ni active components. N20A5K catalyst shows the best H2 adsorption property and Ni dispersion. N20A5K catalyst presents superior catalytic HDO performance. At 300 °C and atmospheric pressure, the conversion of ethyl acetate and ethane selectivity of N20A5K catalyst are 99.3 % and 97.4 %, respectively. Besides, the N20A5K catalyst exhibits good stability.
Collapse
|
16
|
System Analysis of Biogas Production—Part II Application in Food Industry Systems. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biogas production from organic by-products is a way to recover energy and nutrients. However, biogas production is not the only possible conversion alternative for these by-products, and hence there is interest in studying how organic by-products are treated today and which alternatives for conversion are the most resource efficient from a systems perspective. This paper investigates if biogas production is a resource efficient alternative, compared to business as usual, to treat food industry by-products, and if so, under what circumstances. Five different cases of food industries were studied, all with different prerequisites. For all cases, three different scenarios were analysed. The first scenario is the business as usual (Scenario BAU), where the by-products currently are either incinerated, used as animal feed or compost. The second and third scenarios are potential biogas scenarios where biogas is either used as vehicle fuel (Scenario Vehicle) or to produce heat and power (Scenario CHP). All scenarios, and consequently, all cases have been analysed from three different perspectives: Economy, energy, and environment. The environmental perspective was divided into Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), and Eutrophication Potential (EP). The results show, in almost all the systems, that it would be more resource efficient to change the treatment method from Scenario BAU to one of the biogas scenarios. This paper concludes that both the perspective in focus and the case at hand are vital for deciding whether biogas production is the best option to treat industrial organic by-products. The results suggest that the food industry should not be the only actor involved in deciding how to treat its by-products.
Collapse
|
17
|
Matayeva A, Basile F, Cavani F, Bianchi D, Chiaberge S. Development of Upgraded Bio-Oil Via Liquefaction and Pyrolysis. STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64127-4.00012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|