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Junjuri R, Gummadi AP, Gundawar MK. Standoff Identification of Plastic Waste Using a Low-Cost Compact Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Detection System. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2024:37028241268348. [PMID: 39091035 DOI: 10.1177/00037028241268348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
We report the standoff/remote identification of post-consumer plastic waste by utilizing a low-cost and compact standoff laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (ST-LIBS) detection system. A single plano-convex lens is used for collecting the optical emissions from the plasma at a standoff distance of 6.5 m. A compact non-gated Czerny-Turner charge-coupled device (CCD) spectrometer (CT-CCD) is utilized to analyze the optical response. The single lens and CT-CCD combination not only reduces the cost of the detection system by tenfold, but also decreases the collection system size and weight compared to heavy telescopic-based intensified CCD systems. All the samples investigated in this study were collected from a local recycling plant. All the measurements were performed with only a single laser shot which enables rapid identification while probing a large number of samples in real time. Furthermore, principal component analysis has shown excellent separation among the samples and an artificial neural network analysis has revealed that plastic waste can be identified within ∼10 ms only (testing time) with accuracies up to ∼99%. Finally, these results have the potential to build a compact and low-cost ST-LIBS detection system for the rapid identification of plastic waste for real-time waste management applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendhar Junjuri
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials, School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany
| | - Arun Prakash Gummadi
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials, School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gundawar
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials, School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Adarsh UK, Bhoje Gowd E, Bankapur A, Kartha VB, Chidangil S, Unnikrishnan VK. Development of an inter-confirmatory plastic characterization system using spectroscopic techniques for waste management. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 150:339-351. [PMID: 35907331 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ever-accumulating amounts of plastic waste raises alarming concern over environmental and public health. A practical solution for addressing this threat is recycling, and the success of an industry-oriented plastic recycling system relies greatly on the accuracy of the waste sorting technique adapted. We propose a multi-modal spectroscopic sensor which combines laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectroscopy in a single optical platform for characterizing plastics based on elemental and molecular information to assist the plastic identification-sorting process in recycling industries. The unique geometry of the system makes it compact and cost-effective for dual spectroscopy. The performance of the system in classifying industrially important plastic classes counting PP, PC, PLA, Nylon-1 1, and PMMA is evaluated, followed by the application of the same in real-world plastics comprising PET, HDPE, and PP in different chemical-physical conditions where the system consumes less than 30 ms for acquiring LIBS-Raman signals. The evaluation of the system in characterizing commuting samples shows promising results to be applied in industrial conditions in future. The study on effect of physical-chemical conditions of plastic wastes in characterizing them using the system shows the necessity for combining multiple techniques together. The proposal is not to determine the paramount methodology to characterize and sort plastics, but to demonstrate the advantages of dual-spectroscopy sensors in such applications. The outcomes of the study suggest that the system developed herein has the potential of emerging as an industrial-level plastic waste sorting sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Adarsh
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - E Bhoje Gowd
- Material Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Aseefhali Bankapur
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - V B Kartha
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - V K Unnikrishnan
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Polyolefins and Polyethylene Terephthalate Package Wastes: Recycling and Use in Composites. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14217306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plastics are versatile materials used in a variety of sectors that have seen a rapid increase in their global production. Millions of tonnes of plastic wastes are generated each year, which puts pressure on plastic waste management methods to prevent their accumulation within the environment. Recycling is an attractive disposal method and aids the initiative of a circular plastic economy, but recycling still has challenges to overcome. This review starts with an overview of the current European recycling strategies for solid plastic waste and the challenges faced. Emphasis lies on the recycling of polyolefins (POs) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) which are found in plastic packaging, as packaging contributes a signification proportion to solid plastic wastes. Both sections, the recycling of POs and PET, discuss the sources of wastes, chemical and mechanical recycling, effects of recycling on the material properties, strategies to improve the performance of recycled POs and PET, and finally the applications of recycled POs and PET. The review concludes with a discussion of the future potential and opportunities of recycled POs and PET.
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Sommer C, Schneider LM, Nguyen J, Prume JA, Lautze K, Koch M. Identifying microplastic litter with Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: A first approach. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112789. [PMID: 34364135 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The broad diversity of microplastic litter requires a selection of analytical techniques to reliably determine the particle's chemical composition. This study demonstrates that Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) can identify microplastic particles based on their spectral fingerprints. By studying the spectral features of polymer reference spectra, microplastic litter can be distinguished from non-plastic materials. The results show that LIBS can be used as a fast in-situ technique for pre-characterization of the microparticle's material and is a possible tool for environmental studies on microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sommer
- Faculty of Physics and Material Sciences Centre, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - L M Schneider
- Faculty of Physics and Material Sciences Centre, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - J Nguyen
- Faculty of Physics and Material Sciences Centre, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - J A Prume
- Faculty of Physics and Material Sciences Centre, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - K Lautze
- Faculty of Physics and Material Sciences Centre, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M Koch
- Faculty of Physics and Material Sciences Centre, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Andrade DF, de Almeida E, de Carvalho HWP, Pereira-Filho ER, Amarasiriwardena D. Chemical inspection and elemental analysis of electronic waste using data fusion - Application of complementary spectroanalytical techniques. Talanta 2021; 225:122025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Costa VC, de Mello ML, Babos DV, Castro JP, Pereira-Filho ER. Calibration strategies for determination of Pb content in recycled polypropylene from car batteries using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Junjuri R, Gundawar MK. A low-cost LIBS detection system combined with chemometrics for rapid identification of plastic waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 117:48-57. [PMID: 32805601 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present, rapid and efficient identification of ten different types of post-consumer plastics obtained from a local recycling unit by deploying a low cost, compact CCD spectrometer in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. For this investigation, spectral emissions were collected by an Echelle spectrograph equipped with an intensified charge-coupled device (ES-ICCD) as well as a non-gated Czerny Turner CCD spectrometer (NCT-CCD). The performance is evaluated by interrogating the samples in a single-shot as well as accumulation mode (ten consecutive laser shots). The results from principal component analysis (PCA) have shown excellent discrimination. Further, the artificial neural network (ANN) analysis has demonstrated that individual identification accuracies/rates up to ~99 % can be achieved. The data acquired with ES-ICCD in the accumulation of ten shots have shown average identification accuracies ~97 %. Nevertheless, similar performance is achieved with the NCT-CCD spectrometer even in a single shot acquisition which reduces the overall analysis time by a factor of ~15 times compared to the ES-ICCD. Furthermore, the detector/collection system size, weight, and cost also can be reduced by ~10 times by employing a NCT-CCD spectrometer. The results have the potential in realizing a compact and low-cost LIBS system for the rapid identification of plastics with higher accuracies for the real-time application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendhar Junjuri
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials, University of Hyderabad, Prof C R Rao Road, Central University Campus PO, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar Gundawar
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials, University of Hyderabad, Prof C R Rao Road, Central University Campus PO, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India.
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang C. Surface modification and selective flotation of waste plastics for effective recycling——a review. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pogorelčnik B, Pulko I, Wilhelm T, Žigon M. Influence of phosphorous‐based flame retardants on the mechanical and thermal properties of recycled PC/ABS copolymer blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irena Pulko
- Faculty of Polymer Technology Ozare 19 SI‐2380 Slovenj Gradec Slovenia
| | - Thomas Wilhelm
- Faculty of Polymer Technology Ozare 19 SI‐2380 Slovenj Gradec Slovenia
| | - Majda Žigon
- Faculty of Polymer Technology Ozare 19 SI‐2380 Slovenj Gradec Slovenia
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Calibration strategies for determination of the In content in discarded liquid crystal displays (LCD) from mobile phones using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1061:42-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Andrade DF, Romanelli JP, Pereira-Filho ER. Past and emerging topics related to electronic waste management: top countries, trends, and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:17135-17151. [PMID: 31001771 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A bibliometric analysis was performed to assess historical and recent research trends regarding e-waste studies from 1998 to 2018. Documents related to e-waste were identified from the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science© (WoS) database, and a total of 3311 academic articles was retrieved. The analysis was performed from four main aspects: (1) publication activity by year, by WoS category, and by geographic distribution; (2) journals; (3) most-cited papers; and (4) top 10 countries and author keyword analysis. The number of publications concerning e-waste issues has increased substantially over the last 20 years, especially in the environmental science category, and more than a third of the publications were produced in China (1181 records). Waste Management and Environmental Science & Technology were the most sought-after journals for disseminating the results. Studies related to "e-waste flow analysis," "recycling," "recovery of precious metals," and "risk assessment of recycling areas" have been the most common for several years. The analysis of keywords suggested that there are many topics on electronic waste and that each country has presented a different focus of research. Overall, the bibliometric analysis proved to be an efficient tool with which to monitor historical and current research trends and to evaluate the sheer volume of currently existing scientific literature on e-waste topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fernandes Andrade
- Group of Applied Instrumental Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Romanelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Edenir Rodrigues Pereira-Filho
- Group of Applied Instrumental Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
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Liu K, Tian D, Li C, Li Y, Yang G, Ding Y. A review of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for plastic analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Costa VC, Castro JP, Andrade DF, Victor Babos D, Garcia JA, Sperança MA, Catelani TA, Pereira-Filho ER. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) applications in the chemical analysis of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Spectroanalytical method for evaluating the technological elements composition of magnets from computer hard disks. Talanta 2018; 189:205-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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