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Pu M, Fang C, Zhou X, Wang D, Lin Y, Lei W, Li L. Recent Advances in Environment-Friendly Polyurethanes from Polyols Recovered from the Recycling and Renewable Resources: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1889. [PMID: 39000744 PMCID: PMC11244063 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) is among the most universal polymers and has been extensively applied in many fields, such as construction, machinery, furniture, clothing, textile, packaging and biomedicine. Traditionally, as the main starting materials for PU, polyols deeply depend on petroleum stock. From the perspective of recycling and environmental friendliness, advanced PU synthesis, using diversified resources as feedstocks, aims to develop versatile products with excellent properties to achieve the transformation from a fossil fuel-driven energy economy to renewable and sustainable ones. This review focuses on the recent development in the synthesis and modification of PU by extracting value-added monomers for polyols from waste polymers and natural bio-based polymers, such as the recycled waste polymers: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), PU and polycarbonate (PC); the biomaterials: vegetable oil, lignin, cashew nut shell liquid and plant straw; and biomacromolecules: polysaccharides and protein. To design these advanced polyurethane formulations, it is essential to understand the structure-property relationships of PU from recycling polyols. In a word, this bottom-up path provides a material recycling approach to PU design for printing and packaging, as well as biomedical, building and wearable electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Pu
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (M.P.); (D.W.)
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Changqing Fang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (M.P.); (D.W.)
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Xing Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (M.P.); (D.W.)
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (M.P.); (D.W.)
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Yangyang Lin
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Wanqing Lei
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
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2
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Wen R, Shen G, Yu Y, Zhu J, Xu S, Wei J, Huo Y. Optimization of Ti-PA efficiently catalytic the alcoholysis of waste PET using response surface methodology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:33443-33453. [PMID: 38683426 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
A new type of titanium phthalate (Ti-PA) catalyst was prepared by exchange method of phthalic acid and isopropyl titanate, which is never been reported before. The Ti-PA catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, TG, Uv-vis, BET, SEM, and EDS. The Ti-PA catalyst shows good catalytic activity in the alcoholysis reaction of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and optimal experimental conditions for the alcoholysis process were optimized by response surface methodology; the Ti-PA catalyst provided a BHET yield of 81.98% for reaction lasting 3.98 h at 191 °C of 0.86% catalyst and 13.7 ml ethylene glycol; the model has good reliability. The kinetics and reaction mechanism of the process were explored and apparent activation energy is 75.52 kJ/mol. Finally, the good catalytic activity of Ti-PA was illustrated by comparing it with currently reported catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Wen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, China
| | - Guoliang Shen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, China
| | - Jie Wei
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, China
| | - Yue Huo
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, China
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3
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Jiang M, Wang X, Xi W, Yang P, Zhou H, Duan J, Ratova M, Wu D. Chemical catalytic upgrading of polyethylene terephthalate plastic waste into value-added materials, fuels and chemicals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169342. [PMID: 38123093 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The substantial production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) products, coupled with high abandonment rates, results in significant environmental pollution and resource wastage. This has prompted global attention to the development of rational strategies for PET waste treatment. In the context of renewability and sustainability, catalytic chemical technology provides an effective means to recycle and upcycle PET waste into valuable resources. In this review, we initially provide an overview of strategies employed in the thermocatalytic process to recycle PET waste into valuable carbon materials, fuels and typical refined chemicals. The effect of catalysts on the quality and quantity of specific products is highlighted. Next, we introduce the development of renewable-energy-driven electrocatalytic and photocatalytic systems for sustainable PET waste upcycling, focusing on rational catalysts, innovative catalytic system design, and corresponding underlying catalytic mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of three chemical catalytic strategies. Finally, existing limitations and outlook toward controllable selectivity and yield enhancement of value-added products and PET upvaluing technology for scale-up applications are proposed. This review aims to inspire the exploration of waste-to-treasure technologies for renewable-energy-driven waste management toward a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and New Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiali Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and New Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wanlong Xi
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and New Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, PR China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and New Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hexin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and New Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, PR China
| | - Junyuan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and New Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, PR China
| | - Marina Ratova
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and New Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, PR China.
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4
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Tang J, Meng X, Cheng X, Zhu Q, Yan D, Zhang Y, Lu X, Shi C, Liu X. Mechanistic Insights of Cosolvent Efficient Enhancement of PET Methanol Alcohololysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangshuai Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xiujie Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Sino Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongxia Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - YuJin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xingmei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyan Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
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5
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New photoinitiators derived from PET waste: Molecular simulations and photocatalytic efficiency. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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6
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Pu M, Zhou X, Liu X, Fang C, Wang D. A facile, alternative and sustainable feedstock for transparent polyurethane elastomers from chemical recycling waste PET in high-efficient way. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 155:137-145. [PMID: 36370623 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polymers with excellent optical and mechanical performance fabricated from renewable resources, have been paid an increasing attention in recent years. Here, high-performing polyurethane elastomers with significant mechanical properties, crystallinity, excellent stretchability and good transparency are prepared by a synergistic molecular design in the soft and hard segments. Using the liquid glycolysis degradation product (LGOP) as a chain extender, polyurethane elastomer is synthesized from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste bottles. The results suggest that the degradation products from waste PET can be directly used as feedstock for preparing polyurethane elastomers with significant performance. The polyurethanes exhibited excellent optical transparency of near 90%, and can be stretched up to 670% without any treatment to return to original size. It is assumed that the symmetrical hard domain composed of aromatic rings and ester groups in LGOP creates sufficient chain fluidity for the dynamic exchange of hydrogen bonds and urethane. This paper has devoted to achieve a complete and mature system from waste PET to polyurethane products, to create a closed loop of waste PET plastic recycling and regeneration, and to realize the polyurethane industrial chain of raw material self-supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Pu
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Xing Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Changqing Fang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
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7
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Novel efficient method of chemical upcycling of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottles by acidolysis with adipic acid under microwave irradiation. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Zhou X, Hao Y, Li Y, Peng J, Wang G, Ong W, Li N. MXenes: An emergent materials for packaging platforms and looking beyond. NANO SELECT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhou
- Faculty of Printing Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Yaya Hao
- Faculty of Printing Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Li
- Faculty of Printing Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Jiahe Peng
- Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures & Research Center for Materials Genome Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Hubei P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Wang
- Faculty of Printing Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Wee‐Jun Ong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Malaysia Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Neng Li
- Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures & Research Center for Materials Genome Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Hubei P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University of Technology Shenzhen China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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9
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Li Q, He H, Zhang C, Liang X, Shen Y. Research on synthesis of polyurethane based on a new chain extender obtained from waste polyethylene terephthalate. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qunyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Hui He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Xutong Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Yue Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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10
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Dhaka V, Singh S, Anil AG, Sunil Kumar Naik TS, Garg S, Samuel J, Kumar M, Ramamurthy PC, Singh J. Occurrence, toxicity and remediation of polyethylene terephthalate plastics. A review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:1777-1800. [PMID: 35039752 PMCID: PMC8755403 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate is a common plastic in many products such as viscose rayon for clothing, and packaging material in the food and beverage industries. Polyethylene terephthalate has beneficial properties such as light weight, high tensile strength, transparency and gas barrier. Nonetheless, there is actually increasing concern about plastic pollution and toxicity. Here we review the properties, occurrence, toxicity, remediation and analysis of polyethylene terephthalate as macroplastic, mesoplastic, microplastic and nanoplastic. Polyethylene terephthalate occurs in groundwater, drinking water, soils and sediments. Plastic uptake by humans induces diseases such as reducing migration and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow and endothelial progenitor cells. Polyethylene terephthalate can be degraded by physical, chemical and biological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Dhaka
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Amith G. Anil
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - T. S. Sunil Kumar Naik
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Shashank Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Jastin Samuel
- Waste Valorization Research Lab, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835205 India
| | - Praveen C. Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
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11
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Zhou X, Song R, Wang D, Fang C, Song Y, Yu R, Wang Q, Deng J. Facile preparation of functional and hybrid coatings by precipitations of polypyrrole and lysozyme via co‐assembly process. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhou
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Renfang Song
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Changqing Fang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Yonghua Song
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Ruien Yu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology North University of China Taiyuan China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Jingrui Deng
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
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12
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Dong S, Cai W, Xia J, Sheng L, Wang W, Liu H. Aggregation kinetics of fragmental PET nanoplastics in aqueous environment: Complex roles of electrolytes, pH and humic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115828. [PMID: 33120151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation kinetics of fragmental polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) nanoplastics under various chemistry conditions in aqueous environment were firstly investigated in this work. The aggregation of PET nanoplastics increased with increasing electrolyte concentrations and decreasing solution pH, which became stronger with the presence of divalent cations (e.g. Ca2+ and Mg2+) than that of monovalent cations (e.g. Na+ and K+). The effect of cations with the same valence on the aggregation of PET nanoplastics was similar. The measured critical coagulation concentrations (CCC) for PET nanoplastics at pH 6 were 55.0 mM KCl, 54.2 mM NaCl, 2.1 mM CaCl2 and 2.0 mM MgCl2, which increased to 110.4 mM NaCl and 5.6 mM CaCl2 at pH 10. In addition, the aggregation of PET nanoplastics was significantly inhibited with the presence of humic acid (HA), and the CCC values increased to 558.8 mM NaCl and 12.3 mM CaCl2 (1 mg L-1 HA). Results from this study showed that the fragmental PET nanoplastics had the quite higher CCC values and stability in aqueous environment. In addition, the aggregation behaviors of PET nanoplastics can be successfully predicted by the Derjguin Landau Verwey Overbeek (DLVO) theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunan Dong
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Wangwei Cai
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jihong Xia
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Liting Sheng
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Weimu Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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13
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Rheological modification of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate): Blending and reactive extrusion. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Zhou X, Deng J, Yang R, Zhou D, Fang C, He X, Wang D, Lei W, Hu J, Li Y. Facile preparation and characterization of fibrous carbon nanomaterial from waste polyethylene terephthalate. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 107:172-181. [PMID: 32289573 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Efficient reduction of environmental pollution caused by waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and production of carbon nanomaterials are desirable for nanotechnology, printable electronics, composites and environment protection. Here we report a simple top-down micro/nano-fabrication process to prepare fibrous carbon nanomaterial from waste PET bottles. This process is highly efficient, facile, and catalyst-free in preparing fibrous carbon nanomaterial with promising hydrophobic and electrical properties. The fibrous carbon nanomaterial can be used both in the form of sheet or powder, and it supplies a versatile surface for preparing novel carbon-based composites with significant optical properties and conductivity. The prepared carbon nanomaterial from waste PET has also been used in fabricating strain sensor with good durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhou
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China.
| | - Jingrui Deng
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Rong Yang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Hubei Finance & Taxation College, Wuhan 430064, PR China
| | - Changqing Fang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China.
| | - Xinyu He
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Wanqing Lei
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Jingbo Hu
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
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15
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Polymerization of ε-caprolactone with degraded PET for its functionalization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Xu L, Zhang LY, Song H, Dong Q, Dong GH, Kong X, Fang Z. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate plastic for the selective production of terephthalonitrile under ammonia atmosphere. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 92:97-106. [PMID: 31160031 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Terephthalonitrile (TPN) was directly produced from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic via catalytic fast pyrolysis with ammonia. The optimal condition for producing TPN was over 1 g γ-Al2O3-2 wt% catalyst at 500 °C under carrier gas (50% NH3 and 50% N2) with yield of nitriles and TPN of 58.1 and 52.3 C%, respectively. The selectivity of TPN in the nitriles was around 90%. Meanwhile, a bit of aromatics, benzonitrile, acetonitrile were also produced as by-products with the total yields of less than 3 C%. The catalyst deactivated slightly after 5 cycles. Possible reaction routes were proposed and it was found that terephthalic acid, benzoic acid, related esters and amides were the major intermediates from PET to nitriles. Acetonitrile could be produced from acetaldehyde and its corresponding imines. In addition, 32.1 C% TPN with high purity (>95%) was obtained via freezing recrystallization. Catalytic pyrolysis with ammonia process was a promising technology for converting waste PET plastics to TPN. This study provided a new method for producing N-containing chemicals from polyester plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujiang Xu
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing 210031, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Le-Yao Zhang
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - He Song
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Guo-Hua Dong
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Xiao Kong
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Zhen Fang
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing 210031, China. http://biomass-group.njau.edu.cn/
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