1
|
Tatla HK, Ismail S, Khan MA, Dhar BR, Gupta R. Coupling hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for waste biomass valorization: A review in context of circular economy. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142419. [PMID: 38789051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In light of the substantial global production of biomass waste, effective waste management and energy recovery solutions are of paramount importance. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and anaerobic digestion (AD) have emerged as innovative techniques for converting biomass waste into valuable resources. Their integration creates a synergistic framework that mitigates inherent limitations, leading to improved efficiency, enhanced product quality, and the comprehensive utilization of biomass. This review paper investigates the integration of HTL and AD, highlighting its significance and potential benefits as well as the optimal sequencing (HTL followed by AD and AD followed by HTL). The review encompasses experimental procedures, factors influencing both sequencing options, energy recovery characterizations, final product outcomes, as well as toxicological assessments and discussions on reduction. Additionally, it delves into the transition towards a circular bioeconomy and discusses the challenges and opportunities intrinsic to these processes. The findings presented in this review offer valuable insights to shape future research in this evolving field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harveen Kaur Tatla
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sherif Ismail
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mohd Adnan Khan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Bipro Ranjan Dhar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Rajender Gupta
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zaki M, Rowles LS, Adjeroh DA, Orner KD. A Critical Review of Data Science Applications in Resource Recovery and Carbon Capture from Organic Waste. ACS ES&T ENGINEERING 2023; 3:1424-1467. [PMID: 37854077 PMCID: PMC10580293 DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Municipal and agricultural organic waste can be treated to recover energy, nutrients, and carbon through resource recovery and carbon capture (RRCC) technologies such as anaerobic digestion, struvite precipitation, and pyrolysis. Data science could benefit such technologies by improving their efficiency through data-driven process modeling along with reducing environmental and economic burdens via life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA), respectively. We critically reviewed 616 peer-reviewed articles on the use of data science in RRCC published during 2002-2022. Although applications of machine learning (ML) methods have drastically increased over time for modeling RRCC technologies, the reviewed studies exhibited significant knowledge gaps at various model development stages. In terms of sustainability, an increasing number of studies included LCA with TEA to quantify both environmental and economic impacts of RRCC. Integration of ML methods with LCA and TEA has the potential to cost-effectively investigate the trade-off between efficiency and sustainability of RRCC, although the literature lacked such integration of techniques. Therefore, we propose an integrated data science framework to inform efficient and sustainable RRCC from organic waste based on the review. Overall, the findings from this review can inform practitioners about the effective utilization of various data science methods for real-world implementation of RRCC technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed
T. Zaki
- Wadsworth
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Lewis S. Rowles
- Department
of Civil Engineering and Construction, Georgia
Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30458, United States
| | - Donald A. Adjeroh
- Lane
Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Kevin D. Orner
- Wadsworth
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang W, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Anaerobic digestate valorization beyond agricultural application: Current status and prospects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 373:128742. [PMID: 36791977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The flourishment of anaerobic digestion emphasizes the importance of digestate valorization, which is essential in determining the benefits of the anaerobic digestion process. Recently the perception of digestate gradually shifted from waste to products to realize the concept of circular economy and maximize the benefits of digestate valorization. Land application of digestate should be the simplest way for digestate valorization, while legislation restriction and environmental issues emphasize the necessity of novel valorization methods. This review then outlined the current methods for solid/liquid digestate valorization, nutrient recovery, microalgae cultivation, and integration with biological and thermochemical processes. The novel valorization routes proposed were summarized, with their challenges and prospects being discussed. Integrating anaerobic digestion with thermochemical methods such as hydrothermal carbonization should be a promising strategy due to the potential market value of hydrochar/biochar-derived products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ranjbari M, Shams Esfandabadi Z, Shevchenko T, Scagnelli SD, Lam SS, Varjani S, Aghbashlo M, Pan J, Tabatabaei M. An inclusive trend study of techno-economic analysis of biofuel supply chains. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136755. [PMID: 36209843 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biofuels have gained much attention as a potentially sustainable alternative to fossil fuels to tackle climate change and energy scarcity. Hence, the increasing global interest in contributing to the biofuel supply chain (BSC), from biomass feedstock to biofuel production, has led to a huge amount of scientific production in recent years. In this vein, techno-economic analysis (TEA) of biofuel production to estimate total costs and revenues is highly important for transitioning towards a bioeconomy. This research aims to provide a comprehensive image of the body of knowledge in TEA evolution within the BSC domain. To this end, a systematic science mapping analysis, supported by a bibliometric analysis, is carried out on 1104 articles from 1986 to 2021. As a result, performance indicators of the scientific production within the target literature are presented to explain how this literature has evolved. Besides, thematic trends and conceptual structures of TEA of biofuel production are discovered. The results show that (i) biofuel production and consumption need promotion through tax measures and price subsidies, (ii) the development of cost-competitive algal biofuels has faced many challenges over recent years, and (iii) TEA of algal biofuels to identify commercial improvements and increase the economic feasibility is still lacking, which calls for more in-depth investigations. Consequently, current challenges and future perspectives of TEA in the BSC domain are rendered. The provided insights enable researchers and decision-makers involved in BSCs to (i) capture the most influential contributors to the field and (ii) identify major research hotspots and potential directions for further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Ranjbari
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Department of Economics and Statistics "Cognetti de Martiis", University of Turin, Lungo Dora Siena 100 A, 10153, Torino, Italy.
| | - Zahra Shams Esfandabadi
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy; Energy Center Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Via Paolo Borsellino 38/16, 10138, Torino, Italy
| | - Tetiana Shevchenko
- Scientific Department, Sumy National Agrarian University, 40031 Sumy, Ukraine; Laboratoire Genie Industriel, Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Simone Domenico Scagnelli
- School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, 6027, Joondalup, Australia; Department of Management, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, 382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Junting Pan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Terengganu, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu T, Miao P, Shi Y, Tang KHD, Yap PS. Recent advances, current issues and future prospects of bioenergy production: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152181. [PMID: 34883167 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
With the immense potential of bioenergy to drive carbon neutrality and achieve the climate targets of the Paris Agreement, this paper aims to present the recent advances in bioenergy production as well as their limitations. The novelty of this review is that it covers a comprehensive range of strategies in bioenergy production and it provides the future prospects for improvement. This paper reviewed more than 200 peer-reviewed scholarly papers mainly published between 2010 and 2021. Bioenergy is derived from biomass, which, through thermochemical and biochemical processes, is converted into various forms of biofuels. This paper reveals that bioenergy production is temperature-dependent and thermochemical processes currently have the advantage of higher efficiency over biochemical processes in terms of lower response time and higher conversion. However, biochemical processes produce more volatile organic compounds and have lower energy and temperature requirements. The combination of the two processes could fill the shortcomings of a single process. The choices of feedstock are diverse as well. In the future, it can be anticipated that continuous technological development to enhance the commercial viability of different processes, as well as approaches of ensuring their sustainability, will be among the main aspects to be studied in greater detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Pengyun Miao
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Architecture and Design, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kuok Ho Daniel Tang
- Environmental Science Program, Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Pow-Seng Yap
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Lin JG, Zhang N, Cao W. Biogas energy generated from livestock manure in China: Current situation and future trends. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113324. [PMID: 34298348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This article investigates the current status of the livestock industry (cattle, pigs, sheep, and poultry) in China and assesses the potential for biogas production from anaerobically digested livestock manure. According to calculation results based on the latest data of livestock released by the National Bureau of Statistics of China in 2018, China produced 2 × 1012 kg of manure pollution in 2017, with pig waste representing the largest single manure source. Biogas that can be converted from high organic containing manure is a kind of clean bioenergy with low carbon footprint. In 2017, the energy potential from manure-produced biogas was about 5.74 × 1012-6.73 × 1012 MJ, which corresponds to 4-5% of China's total energy demand. Correlation analysis between biogas production and the livestock industry showed that crop production had significant effects on manure-generated biogas production. However, it is necessary to address the challenges when applying AD technology. Bioenergy potential from manure will be lost during material collection and transportation. Although large-scale livestock farming remains controversial, this type of farming can improve the energy recovery rate of livestock manure. How to gain benefits and maintain sustainable development is also a bottleneck for AD promotion. Reducing energy input in AD projects as well as enhancing the efficiency of methanogenesis of livestock manure are key factors for achieving a high net output of biogas projects. More inclusive strategies and a broader vision should be adopted to allow stakeholders to benefit from manure-generated biogas projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control (CPPC), College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
| | - Junxin Li
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China; Construction & Development Co., Ltd. of China Construction Fourth Bureau, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Jih-Gaw Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Wenzhi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kassem N, Galantino CR, Tester JW, Anderson CL, Moore MC. Moving toward a framework for electricity and heat equivalence in energy systems analysis. iScience 2021; 24:103123. [PMID: 34622170 PMCID: PMC8482482 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustaining, maintaining, and upgrading the electricity grid, while meeting decarbonization goals is a challenge facing policymakers, regulators, grid operators, and investors. Simultaneously meeting demands for future capacity, retiring older inefficient technologies, and addressing externalities from energy production and use requires more diverse and inclusive technologies to avoid constraints and shortfalls in grid capability. Changing the energy production paradigm by encouraging alternative technologies was a key driver for FERC Order 2222. This stimulus for developing new small-scale generation will complement and supplement the existing fleet only if it attracts new investment. This investment must reflect technology that goes beyond the energy-only characteristics of traditional generation, creating systems where suites of energy-equivalent outputs are enhanced by environmental quality benefits and offsets. We use energy system designs to highlight the contribution that measuring and accounting for equivalency values provides net increases in capacity, electricity, and alternative fuels while simultaneously reducing carbon waste impacts. Methodology for calculating net carbon impact from energy systems is proposed Alternative energy system contributions to the grid are evaluated Reducing net carbon emissions using distributed energy resources are investigated Electric capacity and heat offsets are offered as systems options for grid operators
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazih Kassem
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Riley Robb Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Cornell Energy Systems Institute, Kimball Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christopher R Galantino
- Cornell Energy Systems Institute, Kimball Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Systems Engineering, Rhodes Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jefferson W Tester
- Cornell Energy Systems Institute, Kimball Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - C Lindsay Anderson
- Cornell Energy Systems Institute, Kimball Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Systems Engineering, Rhodes Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michal C Moore
- Cornell Energy Systems Institute, Kimball Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Belete YZ, Mau V, Yahav Spitzer R, Posmanik R, Jassby D, Iddya A, Kassem N, Tester JW, Gross A. Hydrothermal carbonization of anaerobic digestate and manure from a dairy farm on energy recovery and the fate of nutrients. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 333:125164. [PMID: 33906016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of raw and anaerobically digested (AD) manure with either water or whey was studied, with the goal of recovering energy and nutrients. Specifically, the impacts of HTC reaction temperature (180-240 °C), solid feedstock, and type of liquid on hydrochar quality and aqueous phase properties were tested. Of the hydrochars produced, the calorific value of whey-based hydrochar was the highest, (19.4 and 16.0 MJ/kg for manure and digestate, respectively). Overall, the net energy gain was higher for HTC of manure with whey (7.4-8.3 MJ/kg dry feedstock) and water (4.4-5.1 MJ/kg) compared to the combined AD-HTC process with whey (4.4-5.3 MJ/kg) and water (2.3-2.9 MJ/kg). Digestate-derived hydrochar contained up to 1.8% P, higher than manure-derived hydrochar (≤1.5%). Using whey as a liquid for HTC increased the aqueous-phase N-P-K concentrations up to 3,200, 410, and 7,900 mg/L, respectively, suggesting its potential use as a liquid fertilizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Zeslase Belete
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990, Israel
| | - Vivian Mau
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990, Israel
| | - Reut Yahav Spitzer
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990, Israel
| | - Roy Posmanik
- Agriculture Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Israel
| | - David Jassby
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Arpita Iddya
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nazih Kassem
- Smith School of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and Cornell Energy Systems Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jefferson W Tester
- Smith School of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and Cornell Energy Systems Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Amit Gross
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Plant uptake of nitrogen adsorbed to biochars made from dairy manure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15001. [PMID: 34294794 PMCID: PMC8298528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The conversion of dairy waste with high moisture contents to dry fertilizers may reduce environmental degradation while lowering crop production costs. We converted the solid portion of screw-pressed dairy manure into a sorbent for volatile ammonia (NH3) in the liquid fraction using pyrolysis and pre-treatment with carbon dioxide (CO2). The extractable N in manure biochar exposed to NH3 following CO2 pre-treatment reached 3.36 g N kg-1, 1260-fold greater extractable N than in untreated manure biochar. Ammonia exposure was 142-times more effective in increasing extractable N than immersing manure biochar in the liquid fraction containing dissolved ammonium. Radish and tomato grown in horticultural media with manure biochar treated with CO2 + NH3 promoted up to 35% greater plant growth (dry weight) and 36-83% greater N uptake compared to manure biochar alone. Uptake of N was similar between plants grown with wood biochar exposed to CO2 + NH3, compared to N-equivalent treatments. The available N in dairy waste in New York (NY) state, if pyrolyzed and treated with NH3 + CO2, is equivalent to 11,732-42,232 Mg N year-1, valued at 6-21.5 million USD year-1. Separated dairy manure treated with CO2 + NH3 can offset 23-82% of N fertilizer needs of NY State, while stabilizing both the solid and liquid fraction of manure for reduced environmental pollution.
Collapse
|
10
|
Khoshnevisan B, Duan N, Tsapekos P, Awasthi MK, Liu Z, Mohammadi A, Angelidaki I, Tsang DCW, Zhang Z, Pan J, Ma L, Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M, Liu H. A critical review on livestock manure biorefinery technologies: Sustainability, challenges, and future perspectives. RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2021; 135:110033. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
|