1
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Sogancioglu Kalem M, Ozgan Kurt A, Goktepeli G, Onen V, Ahmetli G, Yel E. The role of physicochemical marble processing wastewater treatment sludge in the production of new generation pyrolysis char from waste polypropylene. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:3648-3665. [PMID: 37306562 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2224927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of marble processing wastewater physicochemical treatment sludge (K1) on polypropylene (PP) waste pyrolysis were investigated by lab-scale batch pyrolysis system. PP-K1 proportions and pyrolysis temperature were studied as variables and both were found to have influences onto pyrolysis char, oil/tar, gas fractions distribution, as well as pyrolysis char characteristics (determined via SEM, EDX, FTIR, TGA and XRD analyses). The influence of K1 could be related to its high mineral composition (CaCO3, CaMg(CO3)2 and (Mg0.03Ca0.97)(CO3)) which also detected in the char products. K1 acts as catalyst and remained unchanged in thermochemical reactions below 700°C. The main thermal degradation of PP occurs around 400-470°C, although it starts at about 300-350°C, whereas, K1 resulted in more thermal degradation at 300°C pyrolysis. As K1 dose increased, pyrolysis chars became more thermally stable with the pyrolysis temperature. Diverse types of chars in terms of porosity, thermal strength and chemical structure were produced with PP + K1 as compared to the PP chars. For example, with 10%-20% K1 doses, the chars are in aromatic structure while chars become aliphatic when K1 dosage increased to 30% or above. The structural diversity made these chars new products that can be used as raw material for subsequent purposes. This study provided a basis for the chars' physical and chemical properties which are needed for further research to develop new generation evaluation areas for them. Therefore, a new symbiotic upcycling approach has been presented for PP wastes and marble processing wastewater treatment sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afra Ozgan Kurt
- Environmental Engineering Department, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkiye
| | - Gamze Goktepeli
- Environmental Engineering Department, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkiye
| | - Vildan Onen
- Mining Engineering Department, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkiye
| | - Gulnare Ahmetli
- Chemical Engineering Department, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkiye
| | - Esra Yel
- Environmental Engineering Department, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkiye
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2
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Kumar M, Bhujbal SK, Kohli K, Prajapati R, Sharma BK, Sawarkar AD, Abhishek K, Bolan S, Ghosh P, Kirkham MB, Padhye LP, Pandey A, Vithanage M, Bolan N. A review on value-addition to plastic waste towards achieving a circular economy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171106. [PMID: 38387564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Plastic and mixed plastic waste (PW) has received increased worldwide attention owing to its huge rate of production, high persistency in the environment, and unsustainable waste management practices. Therefore, sustainable PW management and upcycling approaches are imperative to achieve the objectives of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Numerous recent studies have shown the application and feasibility of various PW conversion techniques to produce materials with better economic value. Within this framework, the current review provides an in-depth analysis of cutting-edge thermochemical technologies such as pyrolysis, gasification, carbonization, and photocatalysis that can be used to value plastic and mixed PW in order to produce energy and industrial chemicals. Additionally, a thorough examination of the environmental impacts of contemporary PW upcycling techniques and their commercial feasibility through life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economical assessment are provided in this review. Finally, this review emphasizes the opportunities and challenges accompanying with existing PW upcycling techniques and deliver recommendations for future research works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India.
| | - Sachin Krushna Bhujbal
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Kirtika Kohli
- Distillate and Heavy Oil Processing Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Ravindra Prajapati
- Prairie Research Institute-Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Brajendra K Sharma
- Prairie Research Institute-Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Eastern Regional Research Center Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research Unit, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Ankush D Sawarkar
- Department of Information Technology, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology (SGGSIET), Nanded, Maharashtra 431 606, India
| | - Kumar Abhishek
- Department of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of Bihar, Patna, India
| | - Shiv Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Lokesh P Padhye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India; Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dae Ro 26, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, India
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia.
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3
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Miao J, Zhu Y, Wei Y, Wen X, Shao Z, Zhou B, Wu C, Long M. Plastic wastes-derived N-doped carbon nanotubes for efficient removal of sulfamethoxazole in high salinity wastewater via nonradical peroxymonosulfate activation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133344. [PMID: 38147749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) catalytic activation is effective to eliminate organic pollutants from water, thus the development of low-cost and efficient catalysts is significant in applications. The resource conversion of plastic wastes (PWs) into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a promising candidate for PMS-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and also a sustainable strategy to realize plastic management and reutilization. Herein, cost-effective PWs-derived N-doped CNTs (N-pCNTs) were synthesized, which displayed efficient activity for PMS activation through an electron transfer pathway (ETP) for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation in high salinity water. The pyrrolic N induced the positively charged surface of N-pCNTs, favoring the electrostatic adsorption of PMS and subsequent generation of active PMS* . A galvanic oxidation process was developed to prove the electron-shuttle dominated ETP for SMX oxidation. Combined with theoretical calculations, the efficiency of ETP was determined by the potential difference between HOMO of SMX and LUMO of N-pCNTs. Such oxidation produced low-toxicity intermediates and resulted in selective degradation of specific sulfonamide antibiotics. This work reveals the feasibility of low-cost N-pCNTs catalysts from PWs serving as an appealing candidate for PMS-AOPs in water remediation, providing a new solution to alleviate environmental issues caused by PWs and also advances the understanding of ETP during PMS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Miao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Yan Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xue Wen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zongping Shao
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Baoxue Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunfei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK.
| | - Mingce Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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4
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Liu Q, Peng B, Cai N, Su Y, Wang S, Wu P, Cao Q, Zhang H. Simultaneous production of high-valued carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics: The role of cellulose impurity. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:420-428. [PMID: 38104414 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Upcycling waste plastics into valuable carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and hydrogen via catalytic pyrolysis is a sustainable strategy to mitigate white pollution. However, real-world plastics are complex and generally contain organic impurities, such as cellulose, which have a non-negligible impact on the catalytic pyrolysis process and product distribution. In this study, cellulose was chosen as a model compound to distinguish the effects of oxygen-containing components on the CNTs and hydrogen production during the catalytic pyrolysis of waste polypropylene. Different amounts of cellulose were mixed with polypropylene to regulate the O/C mass ratio of the feedstock, and the relationship between the O/C mass ratio and the yield of products has been built quantificationally. The results revealed that the relative content of CNTs increased to over 95%, and the stability and purity of carbon deposition increased accordingly when the O/C mass ratio is 0.05. This could be ascribed to the etching effects caused by small amounts of H2O and CO2 on amorphous carbon. However, further increasing the amount of cellulose caused the deactivation of the Fe-Ni catalyst. This not only decreased the carbon yield but had an adverse impact on its morphology and graphitization, leading to the increase of amorphous carbon. This study can provide fundamental guidance for the efficient utilization of waste plastics that take advantage of organic impurities in waste plastic to promote the formation of high-purity CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Bo Peng
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Ning Cai
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yinhai Su
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Peng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Qi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
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5
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Li H, Tang KY, Yao D, Ye E, Wang CH. Fe-Co Bimetallic Catalysts for Pyrolysis of Disposable Face Masks and Nitrile Gloves: Synthesis and Characterization of N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:41586-41594. [PMID: 37970016 PMCID: PMC10633827 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has led to a widespread surge in the use of disposable medical face masks (DFMs) and waste nitrile gloves (WNGs). To address the immense disruption in waste management systems, the catalytic pyrolysis of DFMs and WNGs was undertaken to yield multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Two MgO-supported bimetallic catalysts, Fe-Co and Fe-Ni, were synthesized for catalytic pyrolysis. The MgO-supported Fe and Co catalysts showed a good yield of N-doped CNTs (N-CNTs) above 33 wt %, while the percentage of WNGs did not exceed 20 wt %. The pyrolysis process resulted in the formation of Fe-Co microspinels, which were subsequently encapsulated within N-CNTs, ultimately yielding FeCo-NCNTs. The synthesized FeCo-NCNTs were approximately 25 nm in diameter and were extended over several micrometers in length. Subsequent evaluations included testing several acid-washed FeCo-NCNTs as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. The FeCo-NCNTs exhibited remarkable catalytic performance, with a half-wave potential at 0.831 V (vs RHE) and exceptional resistance to methanol poisoning. These remarkable findings have the potential to contribute to the sustainable recycling of waste generated during the COVID-19 pandemic and to the utilization of waste-derived materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- NUS
Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Energy
and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise
(CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Karen Yuanting Tang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency
for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Dingding Yao
- NUS
Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- School
of Engineering, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency
for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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6
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Irfan M, Saleem R, Shoukat B, Hussain H, Shukrullah S, Naz MY, Rahman S, Ghanim AAJ, Nawalany G, Jakubowski T. Production of combustible fuels and carbon nanotubes from plastic wastes using an in-situ catalytic microwave pyrolysis process. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9057. [PMID: 37270598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study performed in-situ microwave pyrolysis of plastic waste into hydrogen, liquid fuel and carbon nanotubes in the presence of Zeolite Socony Mobil ZSM-5 catalyst. In the presented microwave pyrolysis of plastics, activated carbon was used as a heat susceptor. The microwave power of 1 kW was employed to decompose high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) wastes at moderate temperatures of 400-450 °C. The effect of plastic composition, catalyst loading and plastic type on liquid, gas and solid carbon products was quantified. This in-situ CMP reaction resulted in heavy hydrocarbons, hydrogen gas and carbon nanotubes as a solid residue. A relatively better hydrogen yield of 129.6 mmol/g as a green fuel was possible in this process. FTIR and gas chromatography analysis revealed that liquid product consisted of C13+ fraction hydrocarbons, such as alkanes, alkanes, and aromatics. TEM micrographs showed tubular-like structural morphology of the solid residue, which was identified as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during X-ray diffraction analysis. The outer diameter of CNTs ranged from 30 to 93 nm from HDPE, 25-93 nm from PP and 30-54 nm for HDPE-PP mixure. The presented CMP process took just 2-4 min to completely pyrolyze the plastic feedstock into valuable products, leaving no polymeric residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran, 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rishmail Saleem
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Shoukat
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Hussain
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Shukrullah
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Yasin Naz
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Saifur Rahman
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran, 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Grzegorz Nawalany
- Department of Rural Building, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jakubowski
- Department of Machine Operation, Ergonomics and Production Processes, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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7
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He Y, Chen J, Mo Z, Hu C, Li D, Tu J, Lin C, Wang Y, Liu D, Wang T. Controlling Diels-Alder reactions in catalytic pyrolysis of sawdust and polypropylene by coupling CO 2 atmosphere and Fe-modified zeolite for enhanced light aromatics production. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131547. [PMID: 37156047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Producing value-added light aromatics (BTEX) from solid waste streams holds excellent promise for resource recovery. Here we present a thermochemical conversion approach that enhanced BTEX production by coupling CO2 atmosphere and Fe-modified HZSM-5 zeolite to facilitate the Diels-Alder reactions in catalytic pyrolysis of sawdust and polypropylene. The Diels-Alder reactions between sawdust-derived furans and polypropylene-derived olefins could be controlled by tuning CO2 concentration and Fe loading amount. Sufficient CO2 (≥50%) with moderate Fe loading (10 wt%) were observed to produce more BTEX and fewer heavy fractions (C9+aromatics). To deepen the mechanistic understanding, quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and catalyst coke was further conducted. The co-use of CO2 atmosphere and Fe modification suppressed the appearance of low-, medium-, and high-membered ring PAHs by over 40%, decreased pyrolysis oil toxicity from 42.1 to 12.8 μg/goil TEQ, and transformed coke from "hard" to "soft". Based on the characterization of CO2 adsorption behavior, it was deduced that the introduced CO2 was activated by loaded Fe and reacted in situ with H2 generated during aromatization to expedite H-transfer. Meanwhile, BTEX recondensation was prevented through the Boudouard reactions of CO2 and water-gas reactions between the resulting water and carbon deposits. These synergistically enhanced the production of BTEX and suppressed the formation of heavy species, including PAHs and catalyst coke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao He
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziming Mo
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changsong Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Detao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianhua Tu
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chen Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongxia Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Tiejun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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8
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Yuwen C, Liu B, Rong Q, Hou K, Zhang L, Guo S. Mechanism of microwave-assisted iron-based catalyst pyrolysis of discarded COVID-19 masks. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 155:77-86. [PMID: 36356433 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inexpensive iron-based catalysts are the most promising catalysts for microwave pyrolysis of waste plastics, especially a large number of disposable medical masks (DMMs) with biological hazards produced by spread of COVID-19. However, most synthesized iron-based catalysts have very low microwave heating efficiency due to the enrichment state of iron. Here, we prepared FeAlOx catalysts using the microwave heating method and found that the microwave heating efficiency of amorphous iron and hematite is very low, indeed, these materials can hardly initiate pyrolysis at room temperature, which limits the application of iron-based catalysts in microwave pyrolysis. By contrast, a mixture of DMMs and low-valent iron oxides produced by hydrogen reduction at 500 °C can be heated by microwaves to temperatures above 900 °C under the same conditions. When the hydrogen reduction temperature was incerased to 800 °C, the content of metallic iron in the catalyst gradually increased from 0.34 to 21.43%, which enhanced the microwave response ability of the catalyst, and decreased the gas content in the pyrolysis product from 78.91 to 70.93 wt%; corresponding hydrogen yield also decreased from 29.03 to 25.02 mmolH2·g-1DMMs. Moreover, the morphology of the deposited solid carbon gradually changed from multi-walled CNTs to bamboo-like CNTs. This study clarifies the pyrolysis mechanism of microwave-assisted iron catalysts and lays a theoretical foundation for their application in microwave pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yuwen
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Bingguo Liu
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China.
| | - Qian Rong
- Center for Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, Yunnan, China
| | - Keren Hou
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Shenghui Guo
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
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9
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Li Z, Tan S, Song R. The NH
4
Cl/Rice Husk Carbon as Promoters and Assisted Carbon Sources in Catalyzing Polypropylene into Carbon Nanotubes. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forest University Harbin 150040 Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Tan
- Analysis and test center Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Rongjun Song
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forest University Harbin 150040 Heilongjiang P.R. China
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10
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Yang RX, Jan K, Chen CT, Chen WT, Wu KCW. Thermochemical Conversion of Plastic Waste into Fuels, Chemicals, and Value-Added Materials: A Critical Review and Outlooks. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200171. [PMID: 35349769 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste is an emerging environmental issue for our society. Critical action to tackle this problem is to upcycle plastic waste as valuable feedstock. Thermochemical conversion of plastic waste has received growing attention. Although thermochemical conversion is promising for handling mixed plastic waste, it typically occurs at high temperatures (300-800 °C). Catalysts can play a critical role in improving the energy efficiency of thermochemical conversion, promoting targeted reactions, and improving product selectivity. This Review aims to summarize the state-of-the-art of catalytic thermochemical conversions of various types of plastic waste. First, general trends and recent development of catalytic thermochemical conversions including pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal processes, and chemolysis of plastic waste into fuels, chemicals, and value-added materials were reviewed. Second, the status quo for the commercial implementation of thermochemical conversion of plastic waste was summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of catalytic thermochemical conversion of plastic waste including the design of sustainable and robust catalysts were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Xuan Yang
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01851, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1 Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao E. Rd., Taipei, 106344, Taiwan
| | - Kalsoom Jan
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01851, USA
| | - Ching-Tien Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Chen
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01851, USA
| | - Kevin C-W Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
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