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Stricker M, Littfinski T, Heinz E, Pecher KH, Lübken M, Grüning H, Wichern M. Design-oriented evaluation of the hydrodynamics in a full-scale combined filter-lamella separator for urban stormwater treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:2854-2868. [PMID: 35638792 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of compact treatment devices with high removal efficiencies and low space requirements is a key objective of urban stormwater treatment. Thus, many devices utilize a combination of sedimentation and upward flow filtration in a single system. This study, for the first time, evaluates the flow field inside a combined filter-lamella separator via computational fluid dynamics. Herein, three objectives are investigated: (i) the flow field for different structural configurations, (ii) the distribution of particulate matter along the filter bed and (iii) the dynamic clogging in discrete filter zones, which is addressed by a clogging model derived from literature data. The results indicate that a direct combination of a filtration stage with a lamella separator promotes a uniform flow distribution. The distribution of particulate matter along the filter bed varies with configuration and particle size. Clogging, induced by particles in the spectrum <63 μm, creates gradients of hydraulic conductivity along the filter bed. After treating about half of Germany's annual runoff-efficient precipitation at a rainfall intensity of 5 L/(s·ha), the filtration rates increase in the front of the filter bed by +10%. Thus, long-term operating behavior is sensitive to efficient filter utilization in compact treatment devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Stricker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44801, Germany E-mail:
| | - Tobias Littfinski
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44801, Germany E-mail:
| | - Eva Heinz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44801, Germany E-mail:
| | | | - Manfred Lübken
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44801, Germany E-mail:
| | - Helmut Grüning
- Faculty of Energy, Building Services, Environmental Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Stegerwaldstraße 39, Steinfurt 48565, Germany
| | - Marc Wichern
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44801, Germany E-mail:
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Hu J, Chen J, Liu F, An S, Shi Y, Luan Z, Xiao J, Zhang B. Enhancing oil removal from wastewater by combining inclined plate settler and electrocoagulation. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1993258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqing Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fan Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shenfa An
- Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield Branch, SINOPEC Group, Dongying, P. R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Luan
- Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield Branch, SINOPEC Group, Dongying, P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Xiao
- Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield Branch, SINOPEC Group, Dongying, P. R. China
| | - Baosheng Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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Fleite SN, García AR, De los Santos C, Missoni LL, Torres R, Lagorio MG, Cassanello M. Simulation and optimization of a lamella settler for cattle feedlot wastewater treatment and nutrients recovery. Experimental validation in the field. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05840. [PMID: 33392408 PMCID: PMC7773590 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle concentrated animal feeding operations (feedlots), whose number has grown considerably in the last years, generate large volumes of wastewaters with a high organic load. The wastewaters are formed by rainfall-runoff of the accumulated manure and may contain hormones and antibiotics, which hampers the use of biological treatments. In this work, the feasibility of continuous separation of the suspended colloidal organic matter and nutrients to clarify the liquid and recover the solid is studied. A flocculation sedimentation system using a decentralized lamella settler is proposed, optimized and further tested in the field. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation is used to analyze the motion of the liquid and suspended inertial particles representing the formed flocs, for optimizing the settler. The simulations helped in the design of the bench-scale unit tested in the field. The clarified liquid was characterized to analyze its use for fertigation. The proposed treatment allowed excellent removal of organic matter (~98% chemical oxygen demand, and almost complete turbidity) and phosphorus (~95%). Organic nitrogen was partially removed (~70%) and ammonia nitrogen mostly remained in the liquid. Spectral characterization of the clarified liquid suggests that the remaining organic nitrogen is related to soluble protein-like compounds.
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A Case Study on Settling Process in Inclined-Tube Gravity Sedimentation Tank for Drip Irrigation with the Yellow River Water. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12061685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A sedimentation tank which can remove fine sediment with low cost and high efficiency is of great significance for the wide application of drip irrigation techniques with the Yellow River water. In this study, the settling process of an inclined-tube gravity sedimentation tank which has high removal efficiency for fine particles in practice was thoroughly investigated. The sediment concentration distribution in the tank was measured by an optical back-scattering turbidimeter. The sediment thickness at the tank bottom was also measured. In addition, the size grading of sediment deposited at different positions on the tank bottom and at different heights in the inclined tubes was also measured by a laser particle size analyzer. It was found that the removal efficiency of fine sediment was 64.7–69.7% in the inclined-tube gravity sedimentation tank, which was higher than that of the sedimentation tank without inclined tubes (with a sediment removal rate of 20.7–32%). The sediment was mainly deposited in the flow adjustment area and settlement area with inclined tubes. A suitable height for the inclined tubes was 70–90 cm. In addition, the water inlet, baffle, and overflow weir in the tank negatively affected the fine sediment settling in two experiment cases. The experimental results enhance our understanding of the sedimentation characteristics in the tank, and indicate the direction for the subsequent structural optimization of the tank.
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Hunter TN, Peakall J, Egarr D, Cowell DM, Freear S, Tonge AS, Horton L, Rice HP, Smith I, Malone K, Burt D, Barnes M, Randall G, Biggs S, Fairweather M. Concentration profiling of a horizontal sedimentation tank utilising a bespoke acoustic backscatter array and CFD simulations. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Modelling Energy Consumption and Energy-Saving in High-Quality Olive Oil Decanter Centrifuge: Numerical Study and Experimental Validation. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12132592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an energy consumption model of a decanter centrifuge was proposed, in particular for a technologically evolved machine equipped with an electromechanical recovery system. This model should be suitably coupled with an auto-adaptive controlling technique used to accurately manage the olive oil process. To achieve this goal, a solid physical and theoretical basis that simple to implement is required. To date there have only been limited scientific studies modelling energy consumption applied to the machines used in olive oil extraction processes. Therefore, the model was developed using fluid dynamic analysis and physical constraints to give it a solid basis. It was then simplified sufficiently for future implementation in automatic machine systems. The empirical model was validated through power measurements conducted in two harvesting seasons under varying operating conditions. The model estimates the power absorbed by the bowl and that produced and recovered by the screw, with high accuracy in each harvesting season. When considering the two harvesting seasons as a single season, the prediction accuracy remains considerable, despite a marginal increase in errors (correlation coefficient greater than 0.90). Finally, the model indicates that the screw conveyor speed is the most important parameter to achieve the desired energy recovery level, while the differential speed, which is a process parameter, has only a negligible impact on energy saving.
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Peng Z, Galvin K, Doroodchi E. Influence of inclined plates on flow characteristics of a liquid-solid fluidised bed: A CFD-DEM study. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fettig J, Pick V, Liebe H. Particle separation from road runoff by a decentralised lamella system - laboratory tests and experiences in the field. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 75:2056-2063. [PMID: 28498118 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new decentralised settling system based on the principle of lamella separation was developed for the treatment of road runoff. Two different laboratory test methods, the DIBt (Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik) procedure and our own approach, were applied in order to evaluate the efficiency of the system based on the separation of fine mineral particles and a mixture of mineral and organic particles, respectively. Overall efficiencies (88% after DIBt and 61% according to our own method) were comparable to results obtained for commercial systems. The lamella system was then applied in the field for 1 year to treat runoff from a road area of 420 m2. The amount of solids separated that was calculated from a mass balance (10.1 kg) was consistent with the amount of sediments measured (8.6 kg). However, the average separation efficiency was only 30% in the field study. This is related to the size and composition of the particles in runoff, which are not represented well by the material used for the test procedures. It is concluded that the test methods should be improved, and that more field studies are needed in order to obtain a better understanding of the settling behaviour of particles in road runoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fettig
- University of Applied Sciences Ostwestfalen-Lippe, 37671 Hoexter, Germany E-mail:
| | - V Pick
- University of Applied Sciences Ostwestfalen-Lippe, 37671 Hoexter, Germany E-mail:
| | - H Liebe
- University of Applied Sciences Ostwestfalen-Lippe, 37671 Hoexter, Germany E-mail:
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Qi WK, Li W, Du J, He SL, Li YY. Simulation and configuration correlation analysis of the self-agitation anaerobic baffled reactor for treating livestock organic waste. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Qi WK, Guo YL, Xue M, Li YY. Hydraulic analysis of an upflow sand filter: Tracer experiments, mathematical model and CFD computation. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yang Q, Li ZM, Lv WJ, Wang HL. On the laboratory and field studies of removing fine particles suspended in wastewater using mini-hydrocyclone. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Qi WK, Hojo T, Li YY. Hydraulic characteristics simulation of an innovative self-agitation anaerobic baffled reactor (SA-ABR). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 136:94-101. [PMID: 23567669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An investigation was conducted on a self-agitation anaerobic baffled reactor (SA-ABR) with agitation caused solely by the release of stored gas. The compound in the reactor is mixed without the use of any mechanical equipment and electricity. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation used to provide details of the flow pattern and information about the agitation process and a solid basis for design and optimization purposes. Every self-agitation cycle could be separated into the pressure energy storage process, the exergonic process and the buffer stage. The reactor is regarded as the combination of continuous stirred tank reactor and a small plug flow reactor. The liquid level and diffusion varies widely depending on the length of the U-tube. The compound transition phenomenon in the 1st chamber mainly occurs during the energy exergonic process and buffer stage. The fluid-diffusion in the 3rd and 4th chambers mainly happens after the buffer period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kang Qi
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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