1
|
Murei A, Kamika I, Momba MNB. Selection of a diagnostic tool for microbial water quality monitoring and management of faecal contamination of water sources in rural communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167484. [PMID: 37804981 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate, validate and select microbial water quality monitoring tools to establish their suitability and feasibility for use in rural communities. The monitoring of water quality was performed at three different levels: i) basic level focusing on sanitary inspection and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) test; ii) intermediate level via enumeration of faecal indicator bacteria (faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and Clostridium perfringens); and iii) advanced level based on qPCR detecting host-associated genetic markers (BacHum, BacCow, Cytb, Pig-2-Bac, and BacCan) and pathogens (Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli). A positive correlation was recorded between sanitary risk and faecal coliforms (r = 0.613 and p < 0.002), E. coli (r = 0.589 and p < 0.003), and Enterococcus spp. (r = 0.625 and p < 0.003). The H2S test showed positive correlations with sanitary risk score (r = 0.623; p < 0.003), faecal coliforms (r = 0.809; p < 0.001), E. coli (r = 0.779; p < 0.001) and Enterococcus spp. (r = 0.799; p < 0.001). Similar correlation patterns were also found with advanced techniques used for detecting host-associated genetic markers, excepted between Clostridium perfringens, and Pig-2-Bac (pig), BacCan (dog), and V. cholerae. The H2S test and sanitary inspections are therefore suitable and cost-effective tools to capacitate rural areas at household level for the monitoring of faecal contamination and management of water sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arinao Murei
- Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Arcadia Campus, P/B X 680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Ilunga Kamika
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, P.O Box 392, Florida, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa.
| | - Maggy Ndombo Benteke Momba
- Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Arcadia Campus, P/B X 680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Assessment of Bacterial Diversity of Industrial Poultry Wastewater by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and the Cultivation Method in Order to Inform Its Reuse in Agriculture. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6065305. [PMID: 36177057 PMCID: PMC9514947 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6065305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Effluents discharged by poultry meat industries are heavily polluted with raw materials, such as fat, blood residues, and proteins. Thus, untreated effluents directly discharged into the environment may constitute a public health threat. This study aims to evaluate the bacterial diversity of three water qualities: industrial poultry wastewater (PWW), tap water (TW), and PWW diluted with TW (50 : 50) (V/V) (TWPWW) by the combination of culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches. The total bacterial DNA was extracted using phenol/chloroform method. The hypervariable 16S rRNA region V3-V5 was amplified by PCR using universal primers. The amplicons were separated by vertical electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gel of increasing denaturing gradient according to their richness in GC bases. Selected bands were reamplified and sequenced. Pure isolated bacteria from nutrient agar medium were characterized according to their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Genomic DNA from pure strains was extracted by boiling method, and a molecular amplification of the 16S–23S ITS region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using the universal primers. Selected isolates were identified by sequencing. Results showed a high bacterial load and diversity in PWW in comparison with TW and TWPWW. A collection of 44 strains was obtained, and 25 of them were identified by sequencing. Proteobacteria represented 76% of isolated bacteria Gamma-Proteobacteria was the predominate isolate (68%). Other isolates were Firmicutes (8%), Bacteroidetes (12%), and Actinobacteria (8%). These isolates belong to different genera, namely, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Proteus, Empedobacter, Corynebacterium, Enterobacter, Comamonas, Frondibacter, Leclercia, Staphylococcus, Atlantibacter, Klebsiella, and Microbacterium.
Collapse
|
3
|
Selection and Characterization of Cell Surface Specific Aptamer and Development of Fluorescence Assay for Detection of Shigella flexneri from Water Samples. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:685-693. [PMID: 33582948 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates, development of ssDNA aptamers against whole cell of S. flexneri employing a whole bacterium-based Systemic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). After ten rounds of SELEX, cell surface specific aptamer pool was cloned, sequenced and divided based on sequence similarities and secondary structure. Binding affinity of FITC labelled aptamer from different group were carried out by flow cytometry analysis. The dissociation constant (Kd) values for specific and higher binder were evaluated to range from 144 to 329 nM. Six high binding aptamers with lower dissociation constant was chosen for selectivity study. Aptamer SHI 23, SHI 37 and SHI 42 showed higher selectivity towards S. flexneri in comparison with other related bacteria. Further applicability of selected aptamer was proven by fluorescence assay for convenience detection of target cell from spiked water sample and natural contaminated water samples. Altogether, aptamer generated in this study can be alternative DNA ligands for detection of S. flexneri compared to available ligands.
Collapse
|
4
|
Draft Genome Sequences of Non-H 2S-Producing Strains of Salmonella enterica Serovars Infantis, Enteritidis, Berta, and Kiambu in Japan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/30/e00335-20. [PMID: 32703824 PMCID: PMC7378023 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00335-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the draft genome sequences of six strains of Salmonella enterica serovars Berta, Enteritidis, Infantis, and Kiambu, isolated from humans or chicken meats in Osaka, Japan, that were negative for hydrogen sulfide production. Their genome sizes ranged from 4,460,389 to 4,933,483 bp, with 3 to 9 rRNAs and 64 to 73 tRNAs and with coverages of 95× to 159×. We report the draft genome sequences of six strains of Salmonella enterica serovars Berta, Enteritidis, Infantis, and Kiambu, isolated from humans or chicken meats in Osaka, Japan, that were negative for hydrogen sulfide production. Their genome sizes ranged from 4,460,389 to 4,933,483 bp, with 3 to 9 rRNAs and 64 to 73 tRNAs and with coverages of 95× to 159×.
Collapse
|
5
|
Goel V, Islam MS, Yunus M, Ali MT, Khan AF, Alam N, Faruque ASG, Bell G, Sobsey M, Emch M. Deep tubewell microbial water quality and access in arsenic mitigation programs in rural Bangladesh. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:1577-1584. [PMID: 31096367 PMCID: PMC6724724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to determine whether deep tubewells installed through arsenic mitigation efforts in rural Bangladesh provide better drinking water microbial quality compared to shallow tubewells. We conducted a stratified random cross-sectional survey of 484 households to assess microbial contamination of deep tubewell water at source and at point of use (POU) compared to shallow tubewell water using the Compartment Bag Test. In addition, we measured storage time, distance, travel time and ownership status among both sets of users to assess deep tubewell efficacy and under what conditions they offer poorer or better water quality. Differences in tubewell characteristics were compared using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests and two-proportion Z-tests. Prevalence ratios of microbial contamination stratified by water quality, storage time and distance to tubewells and ownership were estimated using unadjusted Mantel-Haenszel tests. There was no significant difference in microbial contamination between shallow and deep tubewells at source. The presence of POU water microbial contamination in storage containers in deep tubewell households was 1.11 times the prevalence in shallow tubewell storage containers (95% CI = 0.97-1.27). Deep tubewell users stored water longer and walked significantly farther to obtain water compared to shallow tubewell users. Among deep tubewell households, those residing farther away from the source were 1.24 times as likely to drink contaminated water from storage containers compared to those located nearby (95% CI = 1.04-1.48). Our findings suggest that deep tubewells have comparable water quality to shallow tubewells at source, but increasing distance from the household exacerbates risk of microbial contamination at POU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Goel
- Department of Geography, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - M S Islam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Yunus
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M T Ali
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A F Khan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - N Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A S G Faruque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - G Bell
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - M Sobsey
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - M Emch
- Department of Geography, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA; Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Matwewe F, Hyland K, Thomas J. Locally produced hydrogen sulphide detecting water quality test kits increase household level monitoring in rural Tanzania. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2018; 16:359-368. [PMID: 29952325 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2018.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In developing countries, rural water sources have the highest levels of faecal contamination but are the least monitored. Affordable field-based water quality tests are needed. The presence of faecal indicator bacteria can be determined with hydrogen sulphide (H2S) detecting tests, that are inexpensive and simple to make locally. In rural Tanzania, a non-governmental organisation (NGO) designed, produced and evaluated a new H2S water quality test kit. The H2S test results correlated with log10 Escherichia coli densities from conventional water quality tests. The production cost was US$ 1.10 and the test retailed for US$ 1.37. In total, 433 tests were sold through local pharmacies and NGOs. Additionally, 165 WaSH education meetings, reaching 3,408 community members, were conducted with the H2S test demonstrated in over half the meetings. Pre- and post-surveys of 294 meeting participants saw an increased reporting of household level water treatment by 24%. The H2S test was widely accepted, with 94% of those surveyed willing to buy the test in the future. International and national guidelines for drinking water monitoring need to be amended to include locally produced H2S water quality tests. This will enable households to monitor their own water sources and make informed choices about water safety and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatuma Matwewe
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania E-mail:
| | - Kate Hyland
- Maji Safi kwa Afya Bora (MSABI), P.O. Box 284, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Jacqueline Thomas
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania E-mail: ; Pollution Research Group, Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; Water Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; and School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Islam M, Ercumen A, Naser AM, Unicomb L, Rahman M, Arnold BF, Colford JM, Luby SP. Effectiveness of the Hydrogen Sulfide Test as a Water Quality Indicator for Diarrhea Risk in Rural Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:1867-1871. [PMID: 29141754 PMCID: PMC5805062 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiological water quality is usually assessed by the identification of Escherichia coli (E. coli), a fecal indicator. The hydrogen sulfide (H2S) test is an inexpensive, easy-to-use, and portable alternative field-based water quality test. Our study evaluated the H2S test’s effectiveness as a water quality indicator for diarrhea risk. Field workers collected stored drinking water samples for H2S analysis and detection of E. coli by membrane filtration and measured caregiver-reported diarrhea among children < 5 years in the same households 1 month later. We assessed the association between the H2S test (incubated for 24 hours and 48 hours) and diarrhea prevalence, with 2-day and 7-day symptom recall periods (N = 1,348). We determined the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value (PPV, NPV) of the H2S test compared with E. coli (N = 525). Controlling for potentially confounding covariates, H2S-positive water (at 24 or 48 hours) was not associated with 2-day diarrhea prevalence (24-hour prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–1.69; 48-hour PR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.58–1.38) or 7-day diarrhea prevalence (24-hour PR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.76–1.78; 48-hour PR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.81–1.80). The sensitivity, PPV, and NPV of the H2S test was significantly higher when the H2S test was incubated for 48 versus 24 hours whereas specificity showed the opposite trend. H2S test sensitivity, PPV, and NPV increased with increasing E. coli levels, consistent with previous evidence that the H2S test is a useful water quality tool in high-contamination settings. However, our results suggest that the H2S test is not an effective indicator for waterborne diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuza Islam
- Environmental Intervention Unit, Enteric and Respiratory Infections Program, Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)
| | - Ayse Ercumen
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Abu Mohd Naser
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences. Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Leanne Unicomb
- Environmental Intervention Unit, Enteric and Respiratory Infections Program, Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Environmental Intervention Unit, Enteric and Respiratory Infections Program, Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)
| | - Benjamin F Arnold
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - John M Colford
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Stephen P Luby
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Weiss P, Aw TG, Urquhart GR, Galeano MR, Rose JB. Well water quality in rural Nicaragua using a low-cost bacterial test and microbial source tracking. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2016; 14:199-207. [PMID: 27105405 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2015.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Water-related diseases, particularly diarrhea, are major contributors to morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Monitoring water quality on a global scale is crucial to making progress in terms of population health. Traditional analytical methods are difficult to use in many regions of the world in low-resource settings that face severe water quality issues due to the inaccessibility of laboratories. This study aimed to evaluate a new low-cost method (the compartment bag test (CBT)) in rural Nicaragua. The CBT was used to quantify the presence of Escherichia coli in drinking water wells and aimed to determine the source(s) of any microbial contamination. Results indicate that the CBT is a viable method for use in remote rural regions. The overall quality of well water in Pueblo Nuevo, Nicaragua was deemed unsafe, and results led to the conclusion that animal fecal wastes may be one of the leading causes of well contamination. Elevation and depth of wells were not found to impact overall water quality. However rope-pump wells had a 64.1% reduction in contamination when compared with simple wells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Weiss
- School of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tiong Gim Aw
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 3 Natural Resources, Michigan State University, 303 Manly Miles, 1405 South Harrison Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA E-mail:
| | - Gerald R Urquhart
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 3 Natural Resources, Michigan State University, 303 Manly Miles, 1405 South Harrison Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA E-mail: ; Lyman Briggs College, Michigan State University, 919 E. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Miguel Ruiz Galeano
- Foundation for the Development of the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua (FADCANIC), Pueblo Nuevo, South Caribbean Autonomous Region, Nicaragua
| | - Joan B Rose
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 3 Natural Resources, Michigan State University, 303 Manly Miles, 1405 South Harrison Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Smidt O. The use of PCR-DGGE to determine bacterial fingerprints for poultry and red meat abattoir effluent. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 62:1-8. [PMID: 26440561 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Strict legislation and chemical composition monitoring of effluent may be useful, but the data generated do not allow for source tracking, and enforcing legislation remains problematic in the South African setting. These difficulties emphasize the necessity for effluent source traceability. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) targeting the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was considered as fingerprinting technique for effluent originating from abattoirs slaughtering different animal species. The influence of treatment to remove excess fat from effluent prior to molecular analyses and different PCR approaches on the detection of bacterial diversity were considered. Use of a treatment option to remove fat and a nested PCR approach resulted in up to 51% difference in inter-sample diversity similarity. A robust approach with no pre-treatment to remove PCR inhibitors, such as fat, and direct amplification from genomic DNA yielded optimal/maximal bacterial diversity fingerprints. Repeatable fingerprints were obtained for poultry abattoir effluent over a 4-month period, but profiles for the red meat abattoir varied with maximum similarity detected only 33·2%. Genetic material from faecal indicators Aeromona spp and Clostridium spp were detected. Genera unique to each effluent were present; Anoxybacillus, Patulibacter and Oleispira in poultry abattoir effluent and Porphyromonas and Peptostreptococcus in red meat abattoir effluent. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study was the first to demonstrate the application of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to construct bacterial diversity fingerprints for high-throughput abattoir effluents. Proved redundancy of fat removal as PCR inhibitor and change in diversity similarity introduced by nested PCR approach. The importance of limiting excessive handling/processing which could lead to misrepresented diversity profiles was emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O de Smidt
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Applied Food Safety and Biotechnology, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Weppelmann TA, Alam MT, Widmer J, Morrissey D, Rashid MH, Beau De Rochars VM, Morris JG, Ali A, Johnson JA. Feasibility of the hydrogen sulfide test for the assessment of drinking water quality in post-earthquake Haiti. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:8509-8516. [PMID: 25182685 PMCID: PMC4213301 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In 2010, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti, severely damaging the drinking and wastewater infrastructure and leaving millions homeless. Compounding this problem, the introduction of Vibrio cholerae resulted in a massive cholera outbreak that infected over 700,000 people and threatened the safety of Haiti's drinking water. To mitigate this public health crisis, non-government organizations installed thousands of wells to provide communities with safe drinking water. However, despite increased access, Haiti currently lacks the monitoring capacity to assure the microbial safety of any of its water resources. For these reasons, this study was designed to assess the feasibility of using a simple, low-cost method to detect indicators of fecal contamination of drinking water that could be implemented at the community level. Water samples from 358 sources of drinking water in the Léogâne flood basin were screened with a commercially available hydrogen sulfide test and a standard membrane method for the enumeration of thermotolerant coliforms. When compared with the gold standard method, the hydrogen sulfide test had a sensitivity of 65 % and a specificity of 93 %. While the sensitivity of the assay increased at higher fecal coliform concentrations, it never exceeded 88 %, even with fecal coliform concentrations greater than 100 colony-forming units per 100 ml. While its simplicity makes the hydrogen sulfide test attractive for assessing water quality in low-resource settings, the low sensitivity raises concerns about its use as the sole indicator of the presence or absence of fecal coliforms in individual or community water sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Weppelmann
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, PO Box 100188, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, P.O. Box 100009, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Meer T. Alam
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, PO Box 100188, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, P.O. Box 100009, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Laboratwa Sante Piblik Christianville, Haiti
| | - Jocelyn Widmer
- Urban Affairs and Planning, School of Public and International Affairs, Virginia Tech University, 140 Otey Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | - Mohammed H. Rashid
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, P.O. Box 100009, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Valery M. Beau De Rochars
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, P.O. Box 100009, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Laboratwa Sante Piblik Christianville, Haiti
- Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - J. Glenn Morris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, P.O. Box 100009, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Afsar Ali
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, PO Box 100188, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, P.O. Box 100009, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Judith A. Johnson
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, P.O. Box 100009, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ruan J, Zhu X, Qian Y, Hu J. A new strain for recovering precious metals from waste printed circuit boards. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 34:901-907. [PMID: 24630215 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new strain, Pseudomonas Chlororaphis (PC), was found for dissolving gold, silver, and copper from the metallic particles of crushed waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). The optimized conditions that greatly improved the ability of producing CN- (for dissolving metals) were obtained. Dissolving experiments of pure gold, silver, and copper showed that the metals could be changed into Au+, Ag+, and Cu2+. PC cells and their secreta would adsorb metallic ions. Meanwhile, metallic ions destroyed the growth of PC. Dissolving experiments of metallic particles from crushed waste PCBs were performed by PC. The results indicated that 8.2% of the gold, 12.1% silver, and 52.3% copper were dissolved into solution. This paper contributed significance information to recovering precious metals from waste PCBs by bioleaching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jujun Ruan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Material and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang Road, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xingjiong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Material and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang Road, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Yiming Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Material and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang Road, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Material and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang Road, Yangzhou 225000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Montoya LA, Pearce TF, Hansen RJ, Zakharov LN, Pluth MD. Development of selective colorimetric probes for hydrogen sulfide based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6550-7. [PMID: 23735055 PMCID: PMC3730526 DOI: 10.1021/jo4008095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is an important biological signaling molecule and an important environmental target for detection. A major challenge in developing H2S detection methods is separating the often similar reactivity of thiols and other nucleophiles from H2S. To address this need, the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction of H2S with electron-poor aromatic electrophiles was developed as a strategy to separate H2S and thiol reactivity. Treatment of aqueous solutions of nitrobenzofurazan (7-nitro-1,2,3-benzoxadiazole, NBD) thioethers with H2S resulted in thiol extrusion and formation of nitrobenzofurazan thiol (λmax = 534 nm). This reactivity allows for unwanted thioether products to be converted to the desired nitrobenzofurazan thiol upon reaction with H2S. The scope of the reaction was investigated using a Hammett linear free energy relationship study, and the determined ρ = +0.34 is consistent with the proposed SN2Ar reaction mechanism. The efficacy of the developed probes was demonstrated in buffer and in serum with associated submicromolar detection limits as low as 190 nM (buffer) and 380 nM (serum). Furthermore, the sigmoidal response of nitrobenzofurazan electrophiles with H2S can be fit to accurately quantify H2S. The developed detection strategy offers a manifold for H2S detection that we foresee being applied in various future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia A. Montoya
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253
| | - Taylor F. Pearce
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253
| | - Ryan J. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253
| | - Michael D. Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Khush RS, Arnold BF, Srikanth P, Sudharsanam S, Ramaswamy P, Durairaj N, London AG, Ramaprabha P, Rajkumar P, Balakrishnan K, Colford JM. H2S as an indicator of water supply vulnerability and health risk in low-resource settings: a prospective cohort study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013; 89:251-9. [PMID: 23716404 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this large-scale longitudinal study conducted in rural Southern India, we compared a presence/absence hydrogen sulfide (H2S) test with quantitative assays for total coliforms and Escherichia coli as measures of water quality, health risk, and water supply vulnerability to microbial contamination. None of the three indicators showed a significant association with child diarrhea. The presence of H2S in a water sample was associated with higher levels of total coliform species that may have included E. coli but that were not restricted to E. coli. In addition, we observed a strong relationship between the percent positive H2S test results and total coliform levels among water source samples (R(2) = 0.87). The consistent relationships between H2S and total coliform levels indicate that presence/absence of H2S tests provide a cost-effective option for assessing both the vulnerability of water supplies to microbial contamination and the results of water quality management and risk mitigation efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjiv S Khush
- The Aquaya Institute, San Francisco, California 94129, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|