1
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Zhang N, Lee HJ, Wu Y, Ganzoury MA, de Lannoy CF. Integrating biofouling sensing with fouling mitigation in a two-electrode electrically conductive membrane filtration system. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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2
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Barbhuiya NH, Misra U, Singh SP. Biocatalytic membranes for combating the challenges of membrane fouling and micropollutants in water purification: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131757. [PMID: 34371356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, the list of water contaminants has grown tremendously due to many anthropogenic activities. Various conventional technologies are available for water and wastewater treatment. However, micropollutants of emerging concern (MEC) are posing a great threat due to their activity at trace concentration and poor removal efficiency by the conventional treatment processes. Advanced technology like membrane technology can remove MEC to some extent. However, issues like the different chemical properties of MEC, selectivity, and fouling of membranes can affect the removal efficiency. Moreover, the concentrate from the membrane filtration may need further treatment. Enzymatic degradation of pollutants and foulants is one of the green approaches for removing various contaminants from the water as well as mitigating membrane fouling. Biocatalytic membranes (BCMs), in which enzymes are immobilized on membranes, combines the advantages of membrane separation and enzymatic degradation. This review article discussed various commonly used enzymes in BCMs for removing MEC and fouling. The majorly used enzymes were oxidoreductases and hydrolases for removing MEC, antifouling, and self-cleaning ability. The various BCM synthesis processes based on entrapment, crosslinking, and binding have been summarized, along with the effects of the addition of the nanoparticles on the performances of the BCMs. The scale-up, commercial viability, challenges, and future direction for improving BCMs have been discussed and shown bright possibilities for these new generation membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmul Haque Barbhuiya
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Utkarsh Misra
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India; Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Swatantra P Singh
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India; Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India; Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies (IDPCS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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3
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Huang J, Luo J, Chen X, Feng S, Wan Y. New insights into effect of alkaline cleaning on fouling behavior of polyamide nanofiltration membrane for wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146632. [PMID: 34030314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is an intractable issue in wastewater treatment by nanofiltration (NF) membrane, and alkaline cleaning is the most effective approach to remove organic fouling on NF membrane. However, it was found that pore swelling of NF membrane induced by alkaline cleaning might reduce cleaning efficiency, and it is never quantified and its effect on membrane fouling behavior is still mysterious. In this work, membrane pore swelling effect (~9.7%, increment of effective pore size) induced by alkaline cleaning (pH 11) is confirmed and its effect on fouling behavior of the polyamide NF membrane is investigated based on experimental and modelling results. It is found that the alkali-induced pore swelling phenomenon would disappear after water filtration at neutral pH for 30 min, and if such cleaned membrane is faced by the small foulants during this pore shrinkage period, the concentration polarization and membrane fouling would be severer, and the subsequent alkaline cleaning is less effective because more foulants enter the enlarged pores and are tightly embedded in the membrane. Thus, the irreversible fouling of the NF membrane increases from 20% to 40% while its permeability recovery declines from 100% to 67% after six fouling/cleaning cycles. When an anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 10 mM) is added in the alkaline cleaning solution, the adsorption of SDS in/on the membrane can not only improve its hydrophilicity and negative charge, but also quickly eliminate the alkali-induced pore swelling effect and avoid the accumulation of foulants in the pores, thereby enhancing the antifouling performance of the NF membrane. Using the alkaline SDS cleaning, the irreversible fouling of the NF membrane maintains below 10% while its permeability recovery keeps above 100% in six continuous fouling/cleaning cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jianquan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Xiangrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shichao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yinhua Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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4
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de Vries HJ, Kleibusch E, Hermes GDA, van den Brink P, Plugge CM. Biofouling control: the impact of biofilm dispersal and membrane flushing. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 198:117163. [PMID: 33951583 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pure culture studies have shown that biofilm dispersal can be triggered if the nutrient supply is discontinued by stopping the flow. Stimulating biofilm dispersal in this manner would provide a sustainable manner to control unwanted biofilm growth in industrial settings, for instance on synthetic membranes used to purify water. The response of multispecies biofilms to nutrient limitation has not been thoroughly studied. To assess biomass dispersal during nutrient limitation it is common practise to flush the biofilm after a stop-period. Hence, flow-stop-induced biomass removal could occur as a response to nutrient limitation followed by mechanical removal due to biofilm flushing (e.g. biofilm detachment). Here, we investigated the feasibility to reduce membrane biofouling by stopping the flow and flushing the membrane. Using a membrane fouling simulator, biomass removal from synthetic membranes after different stop-periods was determined, as well as biomass removal at different cross flow velocities. Biomass removal from membrane surfaces depended on the nutrient limiting period and on the flow velocity during the biofilm flush. When flushed at a low flow velocity (0.1 m.s-1), the duration of the stop-period had a large effect on the biomass removal rate, but when the flow velocity was increased to 0.2 m.s-1, the length of the stop period became less considerable. The flow velocity during membrane flushing has an effect on the bacterial community that colonized the membranes afterwards. Repetition of the stop-period and biofilm flushing after three repetitive biofouling cycles led to a stable bacterial community. The increase in bacterial community stability coincided with a decrease in cleaning effectivity to restore membrane performance. This shows that membrane cleaning comes at the costs of a more stable bacterial community that is increasingly difficult to remove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik J de Vries
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Kleibusch
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben D A Hermes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paula van den Brink
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline M Plugge
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
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5
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Lin WC, Shao RP, Wang XM, Huang X. Impacts of non-uniform filament feed spacers characteristics on the hydraulic and anti-fouling performances in the spacer-filled membrane channels: Experiment and numerical simulation. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116251. [PMID: 32771564 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Feed spacer is universally used in spiral-wound nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane modules. It can separate membrane sheets, create flow channels, promote turbulence and enhance mass transfer. However, it also induces increased pressure drop across the flow channel, and generates dead zones for biofilm growth at specific locations. Optimization of feed spacer geometries is highly desirable for energy saving and biofouling control. In this study, four kinds of commercial feed spacers featured with non-uniform filaments were compared in terms of hydraulic and anti-fouling performances. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were launched to give insights into the impacts of feed spacer characteristics on the flow field. Results show that the hydraulic performance was substantially affected by the number of filament layers (single or dual layer), the non-uniformity of filament diameter and the width of thinning zones. The design of single layer feed spacer of non-uniform filaments was not recommended due to high flow resistance and poor anti-fouling performance. The feed spacer structure of alternating filament diameter contributed to reducing dead zones and alleviating membrane fouling. The thinning zones located adjacent to the filament junctions achieved better anti-fouling performance, as it disturbed the dead zones and partially washed away the deposited foulants. This study demonstrates for the first time that the characteristics of non-uniform filament feed spacer had a crucial impact on the hydraulic and anti-fouling performances, and suggests that more emphasis should be laid on number of filament layers, variation of filament diameter and width and positioning of thinning zones for the optimization of feed spacer geometries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Lin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rui-Peng Shao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Mao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research and Application Center for Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research and Application Center for Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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6
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Huang J, Luo J, Chen X, Feng S, Wan Y. How Do Chemical Cleaning Agents Act on Polyamide Nanofiltration Membrane and Fouling Layer? Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianquan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiangrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shichao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yinhua Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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7
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Jafari M, D'haese A, Zlopasa J, Cornelissen E, Vrouwenvelder J, Verbeken K, Verliefde A, van Loosdrecht M, Picioreanu C. A comparison between chemical cleaning efficiency in lab-scale and full-scale reverse osmosis membranes: Role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Houari A, Di Martino P. Polysaccharide-hydrolysing enzymes enhance the in vitro cleaning efficiency of Nanofiltration membranes. AIMS Microbiol 2019; 5:368-378. [PMID: 31915749 PMCID: PMC6946636 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2019.4.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of biofilm on the surface of filtration membranes is the main fouling component of water filtration systems. Chemical cleaning is only partially effective in removing biofilm components from the membrane surface. In order to identify opportunities to improve the efficiency of commercial cleaning solutions used in nanofiltration, we compared the in vitro efficacy of different commercial treatments, with or without the addition of polysaccharidases, to clean fouled membrane samples. The treatments were tested at two stages of biofilm development corresponding to 80 (D80) and 475 (D475) days of filtration in an industrial plant. The cleaning efficiency was evaluated by comparing the ATR-FTIR spectra before and after cleaning. At D80 and D475, all cleaning solutions led to a reduction of infrared signals from the biofilm. At D80, enzymatic alkaline detergent (AEDT) treatment was significantly more effective than alkaline detergent (ADT) treatment in removing proteins, but no significant difference in efficacy between the two treatments was observed for polysaccharides. The addition of polysaccharidases to AEDT did not bring any significant efficiency gain. At D475, ADT and AEDT treatments had the same efficacy, but the addition of polysaccharidases to the AEDT treatment significantly increased the removal of polysaccharides and proteins from the membrane surface. In conclusion, polysaccharidases can increase the in vitro efficacy of a commercially available alkaline enzymatic detergent cleaning solution against sufficiently developed biofilms. These results pave the way for the development of new cleaning solutions containing polysaccharide degrading enzymes for the cleaning of membranes used in the production of drinking water. Further experiments are needed to characterize the mechanism of this polysaccharidase effect and to confirm this increase in cleaning efficiency in an industrial context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Houari
- Laboratoire ERRMECe-EA1391, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, rue Descartes site de Neuville-sur-Oise 95031 Cergy-Pontoise, cedex France
| | - Patrick Di Martino
- Laboratoire ERRMECe-EA1391, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, rue Descartes site de Neuville-sur-Oise 95031 Cergy-Pontoise, cedex France
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9
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Khan W, Nam JY, Woo H, Ryu H, Kim S, Maeng SK, Kim HC. A proof of concept study for wastewater reuse using bioelectrochemical processes combined with complementary post-treatment technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE : WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 5:1489-1498. [PMID: 32607247 PMCID: PMC7326288 DOI: 10.1039/c9ew00358d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a proof-of-concept study designed for the reuse of wastewater using microbial electrochemical cells (MECs) combined with complementary post-treatment technologies. This study mainly focused on how the integrated approach works effectively for wastewater reuse. In this study, microalgae and ultraviolet C (UVC) light were used for advanced wastewater treatment to achieve site-specific treatment goals such as agricultural reuse and aquifer recharge. The bio-electrosynthesis of H2O2 in MECs was carried out based on a novel concept to integrate with UVC, especially for roust removal of trace organic compounds (TOrCs) resistant to biodegradation, and the algal treatment was configured for nutrient removal from MEC effluent. UVC irradiation has also proven to be an effective disinfectant for bacteria, protozoa, and viruses in water. The average energy consumption rate for MECs fed acetate-based synthetic wastewater was 0.28±0.01 kWh per kg of H2O2, which was significantly more efficient than are conventional electrochemical processes. MECs achieved 89±2% removal of carbonaceous organic matter (measured as chemical oxygen demand) in the wastewater (anolyte) and concurrent production of H2O2 up to 222±11 mg L-1 in the tapwater (catholyte). The nutrients (N and P) remaining after MECs were successfully removed by subsequent phycoremediation with microalgae when aerated (5% CO2, v/v) in the light. This complied with discharge permits that limit N to 20 mg L-1 and P to 0.5 mg L-1 in the effluent. H2O2 produced on site was used to mediate photolytic oxidation with UVC light for degradation of recalcitrant TOrCs in the algal-treated wastewater. Carbamazepine was used as a model compound and was almost completely removed with an added 10 mg L-1 of H2O2 at a UVC dose of 1000 mJ cm-2. These results should not be generalized, but critically discussed, because of the limitations of using synthetic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waris Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Nam
- Jeju Global Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Jeju-do 63357, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungmin Woo
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Hodon Ryu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Sungpyo Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Maeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Kim
- Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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10
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Influence of feed temperature to biofouling of ultrafiltration membrane during skim milk processing. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Tarifa MC, Lozano JE, Brugnoni LI. Disinfection efficacy over yeast biofilms of juice processing industries. Food Res Int 2018; 105:473-481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Kim CY, Zhu X, Herzberg M, Walker S, Jassby D. Impact of Physical and Chemical Cleaning Agents on Specific Biofilm Components and the Implications for Membrane Biofouling Management. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Y. Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90028, United States
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90028, United States
| | - Moshe Herzberg
- Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8499000 Israel
| | - Sharon Walker
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - David Jassby
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90028, United States
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13
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Ling R, Yu L, Pham TPT, Shao J, Chen JP, Reinhard M. Catalytic effect of iron on the tolerance of thin-film composite polyamide reverse osmosis membranes to hydrogen peroxide. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Wagner M, Horn H. Optical coherence tomography in biofilm research: A comprehensive review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1386-1402. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wagner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Engler-Bunte-Institut; Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology; Engler-Bunte-Ring 9 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Institute of Functional Interfaces; Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Engler-Bunte-Institut; Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology; Engler-Bunte-Ring 9 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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15
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Evaluation of non-commercial ceramic SiO2-ZrO2 and organosilica BTESE membranes in a highly oxidative medium: Performance in hydrogen peroxide. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Warsinger DM, Chakraborty S, Tow EW, Plumlee MH, Bellona C, Loutatidou S, Karimi L, Mikelonis AM, Achilli A, Ghassemi A, Padhye LP, Snyder SA, Curcio S, Vecitis C, Arafat HA, Lienhard JH. A review of polymeric membranes and processes for potable water reuse. Prog Polym Sci 2016; 81:209-237. [PMID: 29937599 PMCID: PMC6011836 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Conventional water resources in many regions are insufficient to meet the water needs of growing populations, thus reuse is gaining acceptance as a method of water supply augmentation. Recent advancements in membrane technology have allowed for the reclamation of municipal wastewater for the production of drinking water, i.e., potable reuse. Although public perception can be a challenge, potable reuse is often the least energy-intensive method of providing additional drinking water to water stressed regions. A variety of membranes have been developed that can remove water contaminants ranging from particles and pathogens to dissolved organic compounds and salts. Typically, potable reuse treatment plants use polymeric membranes for microfiltration or ultrafiltration in conjunction with reverse osmosis and, in some cases, nanofiltration. Membrane properties, including pore size, wettability, surface charge, roughness, thermal resistance, chemical stability, permeability, thickness and mechanical strength, vary between membranes and applications. Advancements in membrane technology including new membrane materials, coatings, and manufacturing methods, as well as emerging membrane processes such as membrane bioreactors, electrodialysis, and forward osmosis have been developed to improve selectivity, energy consumption, fouling resistance, and/or capital cost. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the role of polymeric membranes in the treatment of wastewater to potable water quality and highlight recent advancements in separation processes. Beyond membranes themselves, this review covers the background and history of potable reuse, and commonly used potable reuse process chains, pretreatment steps, and advanced oxidation processes. Key trends in membrane technology include novel configurations, materials and fouling prevention techniques. Challenges still facing membrane-based potable reuse applications, including chemical and biological contaminant removal, membrane fouling, and public perception, are highlighted as areas in need of further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Warsinger
- Rohsenow Kendall Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139-4307 USA
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Transport Phenomena and Biotechnology, Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronic and Systems, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 39/C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
- Institute Center for Water and Environment (iWATER), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, PO Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Emily W Tow
- Rohsenow Kendall Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139-4307 USA
| | - Megan H Plumlee
- Orange County Water District (OCWD), Research and Development Department, 18700 Ward Street, Fountain Valley, CA 92708
| | - Christopher Bellona
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Coolbaugh Hall, 1012 14th St., Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Savvina Loutatidou
- Institute Center for Water and Environment (iWATER), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, PO Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leila Karimi
- Institute for Energy and the Environment/WERC, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, USA
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 110 East Boyd Street, Norman, OK
| | - Anne M Mikelonis
- Office of Research and Development, National Homeland Security Research Center, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (MD-E343-06), 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Andrea Achilli
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, Arizona 85721 USA
| | - Abbas Ghassemi
- Institute for Energy and the Environment/WERC, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, USA
| | - Lokesh P Padhye
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, Arizona 85721 USA
- National University of Singapore, NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), 5A Engineering Drive 1; T-Lab Building, #02-01; Singapore 117411
| | - Stefano Curcio
- Laboratory of Transport Phenomena and Biotechnology, Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronic and Systems, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 39/C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Chad Vecitis
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Hassan A Arafat
- Institute Center for Water and Environment (iWATER), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, PO Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - John H Lienhard
- Rohsenow Kendall Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139-4307 USA
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Camilleri-Rumbau MS, Masse L, Dubreuil J, Mondor M, Christensen KV, Norddahl B. Fouling of a spiral-wound reverse osmosis membrane processing swine wastewater: effect of cleaning procedure on fouling resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 37:1704-1715. [PMID: 26698296 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1128002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Swine manure is a valuable source of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. After solid-liquid separation, the resulting swine wastewater can be concentrated by reverse osmosis (RO) to produce a nitrogen-potassium rich fertilizer. However, swine wastewater has a high fouling potential and an efficient cleaning strategy is required. In this study, a semi-commercial farm scale RO spiral-wound membrane unit was fouled while processing larger volumes of swine wastewater during realistic cyclic operations over a 9-week period. Membrane cleaning was performed daily. Three different cleaning solutions, containing SDS, SDS+EDTA and NaOH were compared. About 99% of the fouling resistance could be removed by rinsing the membrane with water. Flux recoveries (FRs) above 98% were achieved for all the three cleaning solutions after cleaning. No significant differences in FR were found between the cleaning solutions. The NaOH solution thus is a good economical option for cleaning RO spiral-wound membranes fouled with swine wastewater. Soaking the membrane for 3 days in permeate water at the end of each week further improved the FR. Furthermore, a fouling resistance model for predicting the fouling rate, permeate flux decay and cleaning cycle periods based on processing time and swine wastewater conductivity was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Camilleri-Rumbau
- a Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Sherbrooke , Canada
- b Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology , University of Southern Denmark , Odense M , Denmark
| | - L Masse
- a Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Sherbrooke , Canada
| | - J Dubreuil
- a Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Sherbrooke , Canada
| | - M Mondor
- c Food Research and Development Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Saint-Hyacinthe , Canada
| | - K V Christensen
- b Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology , University of Southern Denmark , Odense M , Denmark
| | - B Norddahl
- b Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology , University of Southern Denmark , Odense M , Denmark
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18
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Tawakoli PN, Ragnarsson KT, Rechenberg DK, Mohn D, Zehnder M. Effect of endodontic irrigants on biofilm matrix polysaccharides. Int Endod J 2016; 50:153-160. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. N. Tawakoli
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry; Periodontology and Cariology; Center for Dental Medicine; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - K. T. Ragnarsson
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry; Periodontology and Cariology; Center for Dental Medicine; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - D. K. Rechenberg
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry; Periodontology and Cariology; Center for Dental Medicine; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - D. Mohn
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry; Periodontology and Cariology; Center for Dental Medicine; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - M. Zehnder
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry; Periodontology and Cariology; Center for Dental Medicine; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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19
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Ronen A, Walker SL, Jassby D. Electroconductive and electroresponsive membranes for water treatment. REV CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2015-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn populated, water-scarce regions, seawater and wastewater are considered as potable water resources that require extensive treatment before being suitable for consumption. The separation of water from salt, organic, and inorganic matter is most commonly done through membrane separation processes. Because of permeate flux and concentration polarization, membranes are prone to fouling, resulting in a decline in membrane performance and increased energy demands. As the physical and chemical properties of commercially available membranes (polymeric and ceramic) are relatively static and insensitive to changes in the environment, there is a need for stimuli-reactive membranes with controlled, tunable surface and transport properties to decrease fouling and control membrane properties such as hydrophilicity and permselectivity. In this review, we first describe the application of electricity-conducting and electricity-responsive membranes (ERMs) for fouling mitigation. We discuss their ability to reduce organic, inorganic, and biological fouling by several mechanisms, including control over the membrane’s surface morphology, electrostatic rejection, piezoelectric vibrations, electrochemical reactions, and local pH changes. Next, we examine the use of ERMs for permselectivity modification, which allows for the optimization of rejection and control over ion transport through the application of electrical potentials and the use of electrostatically charged membrane surfaces. In addition, electrochemical reactions coupled with membrane filtration are examined, including electro-oxidation and electro-Fenton reactions, demonstrating the capability of ERMs to electro-oxidize organic contaminates with high efficiency due to high surface area and reduced mass diffusion limitations. When applicable, ERM applications are compared with commercial membranes in terms of energy consumptions. We conclude with a brief discussion regarding the future directions of ERMs and provide examples of several applications such as pore size and selectivity control, electrowettability, and capacitive deionization. To provide the reader with the current state of knowledge, the review focuses on research published in the last 5 years.
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20
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Bacterial growth in batch-operated membrane filtration systems for drinking water treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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21
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Filloux E, Wang J, Pidou M, Gernjak W, Yuan Z. Biofouling and scaling control of reverse osmosis membrane using one-step cleaning-potential of acidified nitrite solution as an agent. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Sim J, An J, Elbeshbishy E, Ryu H, Lee HS. Characterization and optimization of cathodic conditions for H2O2 synthesis in microbial electrochemical cells. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 195:31-36. [PMID: 26141667 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cathode potential and O2 supply methods were investigated to improve H2O2 synthesis in an electrochemical cell, and optimal cathode conditions were applied for microbial electrochemical cells (MECs). Using aqueous O2 for the cathode significantly improved current density, but H2O2 conversion efficiency was negligible at 0.3-12%. Current density decreased for passive O2 diffusion to the cathode, but H2O2 conversion efficiency increased by 65%. An MEC equipped with a gas diffusion cathode was operated with acetate medium and domestic wastewater, which presented relatively high H2O2 conversion efficiency from 36% to 47%, although cathode overpotential was fluctuated. Due to different current densities, the maximum H2O2 production rate was 141 mg H2O2/L-h in the MEC fed with acetate medium, but it became low at 6 mg H2O2/L-h in the MEC fed with the wastewater. Our study clearly indicates that improving anodic current density and mitigating membrane fouling would be key parameters for large-scale H2O2-MECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyoung Sim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Junyeong An
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Elsayed Elbeshbishy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Hodon Ryu
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Hyung-Sool Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada.
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23
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Masse L, Puig-Bargués J, Mondor M, Deschênes L, Talbot G. Efficiency of EDTA, SDS and NaOH solutions to clean RO membranes processing swine wastewater. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2015.1062395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Wibisono Y, Yandi W, Golabi M, Nugraha R, Cornelissen ER, Kemperman AJB, Ederth T, Nijmeijer K. Hydrogel-coated feed spacers in two-phase flow cleaning in spiral wound membrane elements: a novel platform for eco-friendly biofouling mitigation. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 71:171-86. [PMID: 25616114 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling is still a major challenge in the application of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. Here we present a platform approach for environmentally friendly biofouling control using a combination of a hydrogel-coated feed spacer and two-phase flow cleaning. Neutral (polyHEMA-co-PEG10MA), cationic (polyDMAEMA) and anionic (polySPMA) hydrogels have been successfully grafted onto polypropylene (PP) feed spacers via plasma-mediated UV-polymerization. These coatings maintained their chemical stability after 7 days incubation in neutral (pH 7), acidic (pH 5) and basic (pH 9) environments. Anti-biofouling properties of these coatings were evaluated by Escherichia coli attachment assay and nanofiltration experiments at a TMP of 600 kPag using tap water with additional nutrients as feed and by using optical coherence tomography. Especially the anionic polySPMA-coated PP feed spacer shows reduced attachment of E. coli and biofouling in the spacer-filled narrow channels resulting in delayed biofilm growth. Employing this highly hydrophilic coating during removal of biofouling by two-phase flow cleaning also showed enhanced cleaning efficiency, feed channel pressure drop and flux recoveries. The strong hydrophilic nature and the presence of negative charge on polySPMA are most probably responsible for the improved antifouling behavior. A combination of polySPMA-coated PP feed spacers and two-phase flow cleaning therefore is promising and an environmentally friendly approach to control biofouling in NF/RO systems employing spiral-wound membrane modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Wibisono
- University of Twente, Membrane Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Wetra Yandi
- Linköping University, Division of Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Golabi
- Linköping University, Division of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Roni Nugraha
- Linköping University, Division of Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emile R Cornelissen
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine J B Kemperman
- University of Twente, Membrane Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Ederth
- Linköping University, Division of Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kitty Nijmeijer
- University of Twente, Membrane Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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25
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Wibisono Y, El Obied K, Cornelissen E, Kemperman A, Nijmeijer K. Biofouling removal in spiral-wound nanofiltration elements using two-phase flow cleaning. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Habimana O, Semião AJC, Casey E. Upon impact: the fate of adhering Pseudomonas fluorescens cells during nanofiltration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:9641-9650. [PMID: 25072514 DOI: 10.1021/es500585e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanofiltration (NF) is a high-pressure membrane filtration process increasingly applied in drinking water treatment and water reuse processes. NF typically rejects divalent salts, organic matter, and micropollutants. However, the efficiency of NF is adversely affected by membrane biofouling, during which microorganisms adhere to the membrane and proliferate to create a biofilm. Here we show that adhered Pseudomonas fluorescens cells under high permeate flux conditions are met with high fluid shear and convective fluxes at the membrane-liquid interface, resulting in their structural damage and collapse. These results were confirmed by fluorescent staining, flow cytometry, and scanning electron microscopy. This present study offers a "first-glimpse" of cell damage and death during the initial phases of bacterial adhesion to NF membranes and raises a key question about the role of this observed phenomena during early-stage biofilm formation under permeate flux and cross-flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Habimana
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD) , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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27
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Masse L, Mondor M, Talbot G, Deschênes L, Drolet H, Gagnon N, St-Germain F, Puig-Bargués J. Fouling of Reverse Osmosis Membranes Processing Swine Wastewater Pretreated by Mechanical Separation and Aerobic Biofiltration. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2014.881880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Vanysacker L, Bernshtein R, Vankelecom IF. Effect of chemical cleaning and membrane aging on membrane biofouling using model organisms with increasing complexity. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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West S, Horn H, Hijnen W, Castillo C, Wagner M. Confocal laser scanning microscopy as a tool to validate the efficiency of membrane cleaning procedures to remove biofilms. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Bernstein R, Freger V, Lee JH, Kim YG, Lee J, Herzberg M. 'Should I stay or should I go?' Bacterial attachment vs biofilm formation on surface-modified membranes. BIOFOULING 2014; 30:367-76. [PMID: 24579672 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.876011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A number of techniques are used for testing the anti-biofouling activity of surfaces, yet the correlation between different results is often questionable. In this report, the correlation between initial bacterial deposition (fast tests, reported previously) and biofilm growth (much slower tests) was analyzed on a pristine and a surface-modified reverse osmosis membrane ESPA-1. The membrane was modified with grafted hydrophilic polymers bearing negatively charged, positively charged and zwitter-ionic moieties. Using three different bacterial strains it was found that there was no general correlation between the initial bacterial deposition rates and biofilm growth on surfaces, the reasons being different for each modified surface. For the negatively charged surface the slowest deposition due to the charge repulsion was eventually succeeded by the largest biofilm growth, probably due to secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that mediated a strong attachment. For the positively charged surface, short-term charge attraction by quaternary amine groups led to the fastest deposition, but could be eventually overridden by their antimicrobial activity, resulting in non-consistent results where in some cases a lower biofilm formation rate was observed. The results indicate that initial deposition rates have to be used and interpreted with great care, when used for assessing the anti-biofouling activity of surfaces. However, for a weakly interacting 'low-fouling' zwitter-ionic surface, the positive correlation between initial cell deposition and biofilm growth, especially under flow, suggests that for this type of coating initial deposition tests may be fairly indicative of anti-biofouling potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Bernstein
- a Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research , Ben Gurion University of the Negev , 84990 , Israel
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31
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Anand S, Singh D, Avadhanula M, Marka S. Development and Control of Bacterial Biofilms on Dairy Processing Membranes. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 13:18-33. [PMID: 33412692 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is a major operational problem that leads to reduced membrane performance and premature replacement of membranes. Bacterial biofilms developed on reverse osmosis membranes can cause severe flux declines during whey processing. Various types of biological, physical, and chemical factors regulate the formation of biofilms. Extracellular polymeric substances produced by constitutive microflora provide an effective barrier for the embedded cells. Cultural and microscopic techniques also revealed the presence of biofilms with attached bacterial cells on membrane surfaces. Presence of biofilms, despite regular cleaning processes, reflects ineffectiveness of cleaning agents. Cleaning efficiency depends upon factors such as pH of the cleaning agent, temperature, pressure, cleaning agent dose, optimum cleaning time, and cross-flow velocity during cleaning. Among different cleaning agents, surfactants help to prevent bacterial attachment to surfaces by reducing the surface tension of water and interfacial tension between the layers. Enzymes mixed with surfactants and chelating agents can be used to penetrate the biofilm matrix formed by microbes. Recent studies have shown the role of quorum-sensing-based cell-to-cell signaling, which provides communication within bacterial cells to form a mature biofilm, and also the role of applying quorum inhibitors to prevent biofilm formation. Major cleaning applications are also summarized in Table .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Anand
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy Science Dept., South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A
| | - Diwakar Singh
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy Science Dept., South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A
| | - Mallika Avadhanula
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy Science Dept., South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A
| | - Sowmya Marka
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy Science Dept., South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A
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32
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Abejón R, Garea A, Irabien A. Effective Lifetime Study of Commercial Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Optimal Hydrogen Peroxide Ultrapurification Processes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402895p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Abejón
- Departamento de Ingenierías
Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n,
39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Aurora Garea
- Departamento de Ingenierías
Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n,
39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Angel Irabien
- Departamento de Ingenierías
Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n,
39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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33
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Semião AJC, Habimana O, Cao H, Heffernan R, Safari A, Casey E. The importance of laboratory water quality for studying initial bacterial adhesion during NF filtration processes. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:2909-2920. [PMID: 23541307 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling of nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes for water treatment has been the subject of increased research effort in recent years. A prerequisite for undertaking fundamental experimental investigation on NF and RO processes is a procedure called compaction. This involves an initial phase of clean water permeation at high pressures until a stable permeate flux is reached. However water quality used during the compaction process may vary from one laboratory to another. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of laboratory water quality during compaction of NF membranes. A second objective was to investigate if the water quality used during compaction influences initial bacterial adhesion. Experiments were undertaken with NF 270 membranes at 15 bar for permeate volumes of 0.5 L, 2 L, and 5 L using MilliQ, deionized or tap water. Membrane autopsies were performed at each permeation point for membrane surface characterisation by contact angle measurements, profilometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The biological content of compacted membranes was assessed by direct epi-fluorescence observation following nucleic acid staining. The compacted membranes were also employed as substrata for monitoring the initial adhesion of Ps. fluorescens under dynamic flow conditions for 30 min at 5 min intervals. Compared to MilliQ water, membrane compaction using deionized and tap water led to decreases in permeate flux, increase in surface hydrophobicity and led to significant build-up of a homogeneous fouling layer composed of both living and dead organisms (>10(6) cells cm(-2)). Subsequent measurements of bacterial adhesion resulted in cell loadings of 0.2 × 10(5), 1.0 × 10(5) cells cm(-2) and 2.6 × 10(5) cells cm(-2) for deionized, tap water and MilliQ water, respectively. These differences in initial cell adhesion rates demonstrate that choice of laboratory water can significantly impact the results of bacterial adhesion on NF membranes. Standardized protocols are therefore needed for the fundamental studies of bacterial adhesion and biofouling formation on NF and RO membrane. This can be implemented by first employing pure water during all membrane compaction procedures and for the modelled feed solutions used in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J C Semião
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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