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Zeng Y, Zeng M, Cheng Y, Long B, Wu J. Cultivation of autotrophic nitrifying granular sludge for simultaneous removal of ammonia nitrogen and Tl(I). ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:4017-4032. [PMID: 35574708 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2077659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autotrophic nitrifying granular sludge (ANGS) was cultivated for the simultaneous removal of ammonia nitrogen and Tl(I) from inorganic wastewater. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the influent gradually decreased to approximately zero in four parallel sequencing batch reactors (B1: blank controller, B2: 10 mL of added nitrifying bacteria concentrate in each cycle, B3: 1 mg/L Tl(I) added in each cycle and B4: 10 mL of added nitrifying bacteria concentrate and 1 mg/L Tl(I) in each cycle) within 15 days. The main properties, such as the granulation rate and specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of the ANGS in B1, B2, B3 and B4 tended to be stable within 40, 33, 30 and 33 days, the removal efficiencies of Tl(I) were 59.5%-82.9% and 57.1%-88.6% in B3 and B4 after Day 30, the removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen in B1, B2, B3 and B4 were usually above 90% after Day 33, and the total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) in the effluent of B1, B2, B3 and B4 gradually stabilized after Day 36, 32, 32 and 36, indicating that mature ANGS was successfully cultivated in B1, B2, B3 and B4 within 40, 33, 33 and 36 days. The nitrogen degradation kinetic parameters of ANGS indicated that B3 had the strongest ability to remove ammonia and nitrite, suggesting that Tl(I) stress was beneficial to ammonia nitrogen removal and nitrite oxidation. The adsorption of Tl(I) can be described by the Freundlich equation, and the addition of external nitrifying bacteria improved the adsorption ability of ANGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjing Zeng
- School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Long
- School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Pingdingshan, People's Republic of China
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2
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Liu S, Zhou M, Daigger GT, Huang J, Song G. Granule formation mechanism, key influencing factors, and resource recycling in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) wastewater treatment: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117771. [PMID: 37004484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The high-efficiency and additionally economic benefits generated from aerobic granular sludge (AGS) wastewater treatment have led to its increasing popularity among academics and industrial players. The AGS process can recycle high value-added biomaterials including extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), sodium alginate-like external polymer (ALE), polyhydroxyfatty acid (PHA), and phosphorus (P), etc., which can serve various fields including agriculture, construction, and chemical while removing pollutants from wastewaters. The effects of various key operation parameters on formation and structural stability of AGS are comprehensively summarized. The degradable metabolism of typical pollutants and corresponding microbial diversity and succession in the AGS wastewater treatment system are also discussed, especially with a focus on emerging contaminants removal. In addition, recent attempts for potentially effective production of high value-added biomaterials from AGS are proposed, particularly concerning improving the yield, quality, and application of these biomaterials. This review aims to provide a reference for in-depth research on the AGS process, suggesting a new alternative for wastewater treatment recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Zhongzhou Water Holding Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St, G.G. Brown Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Miao Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Glen T Daigger
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St, G.G. Brown Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Jianping Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Gangfu Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Zhongzhou Water Holding Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Samaei SHA, Chen J, Xue J. Current progress of continuous-flow aerobic granular sludge: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162633. [PMID: 36889385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is promising for water resource recovery. Despite the mature granulation strategies in sequencing batch reactor (SBR), the application of AGS-SBR in wastewater treatment is usually costly as it requires extensive infrastructure conversion (e.g., from continuous-flow reactor to SBR). In contrast, continuous-flow AGS (CAGS) that does not require such infrastructure conversion is a more cost-effective strategy to retrofit existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Formation of aerobic granules in both batch and continuous-flow mode depends on many factors, including selection pressure, feast/famine conditions, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and environmental conditions. Compared with AGS in SBR, creating proper conditions to facilitate granulation in continuous-flow mode is challenging. Researchers have been seeking to tackle this bottleneck by studying the impacts of selection pressure, feast/famine conditions, and operating parameters on granulation and granule stability in CAGS. This review paper summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding CAGS for wastewater treatment. Firstly, we discuss the CAGS granulation process and effective parameters (i.e., selection pressure, feast/famine conditions, hydrodynamic shear force, reactor configuration, the role of EPS, and other operating factors). Then, we evaluate CAGS performance in removing COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, emerging pollutants, and heavy metals from wastewater. Finally, the applicability of the hybrid CAGS systems is presented. At last, we suggest that integrating CAGS with other treatment methods such as membrane bioreactor (MBR) or advanced oxidation processes (AOP) can benefit the performance and stability of granules. However, future research should address unknowns including the relationship between feast/famine ratio and stability of the granules, the effectiveness of applying particle size-based selection pressure, and the CAGS performance at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hesam-Aldin Samaei
- Cold-Region Water Resource Recovery Laboratory, Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Cold-Region Water Resource Recovery Laboratory, Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jinkai Xue
- Cold-Region Water Resource Recovery Laboratory, Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.
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Wan C, Fu L, Li Z, Liu X, Lin L, Wu C. Formation, application, and storage-reactivation of aerobic granular sludge: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116302. [PMID: 36150350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It was an important discovery in wastewater treatment that the microorganisms in the traditional activated sludge can form aerobic granular sludge (AGS) by self-aggregation under appropriate water quality and operation conditions. With a typical three-dimensional spherical structure, AGS has high sludge-water separation efficiency, great treatment capacity, and strong tolerance to toxic and harmful substances, so it has been considered to be one of the most promising wastewater treatment technologies. This paper comprehensively reviewed AGS from multiple perspectives over the past two decades, including the culture conditions, granulation mechanisms, metabolic and structural stability, storage, and its diverse applications. Some important issues, such as the reproducibility of culture conditions and the structural and functional stability during application and storage, were also summarized, and the research prospects were put forward. The aggregation behavior of microorganisms in AGS was explained from the perspectives of physiology and ecology of complex populations. The storage of AGS is considered to have large commercial potential value with the increase of large-scale applications. The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for the systematic and in-depth study on the sludge aerobic granulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liya Fu
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhengwen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Changyong Wu
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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5
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Tomar SK, Kumar R, Chakraborty S. Simultaneous biodegradation of pyridine, indole, and ammonium along with phenol and thiocyanate by aerobic granular sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126861. [PMID: 34403942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge potential for concurrent biodegradation of two nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds (NHCs), i.e., pyridine and indole, and ammonia nitrogen along with phenol and thiocyanate was investigated in three sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) (R1, R2, and R3). Pyridine and indole were provided, respectively, in R1 and R2, whereas R3 was operated with a mixture of equimolar concentrations of pyridine and indole. Three concentrations of NHCs (1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mM) were investigated to observe the impact on aerobic granules. Pyridine did not exhibit any adverse effect on the granular characteristics (volatile suspended solids of 6.00 ± 0.08 g L-1 and sludge volume index of 37.98 ± 0.84 mL gTSS-1) up to a concentration of 5.0 mM (402.93 ± 6.29 mg L-1) (R1) with around 74% and >98% removal for pyridine and other pollutants (phenol, thiocyanate, and ammonia nitrogen), respectively. However, indole had a substantial adverse impact on the granular characteristics and other contaminants removal with a concentration of more than 1.0 mM (120.65 ± 4.84 mg L-1) (R2). The current research work provides an experimental treatment methodology for the wastewater in which pyridine, indole, ammonium, phenol, and thiocyanate coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar Tomar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Rajneesh Kumar
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Saswati Chakraborty
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
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Hamiruddin NA, Awang NA, Mohd Shahpudin SN, Zaidi NS, Said MAM, Chaplot B, Azamathulla HM. Effects of wastewater type on stability and operating conditions control strategy in relation to the formation of aerobic granular sludge - a review. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:2113-2130. [PMID: 34810301 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently, research trends on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) have integrated the operating conditions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) towards the stability of AGS systems in various types of wastewater with different physical and biochemical characteristics. More attention is given to the stability of the AGS system for real site applications. Although recent studies have reported comprehensively the mechanism of AGS formation and stability in relation to other intermolecular interactions such as microbial distribution, shock loading and toxicity, standard operating condition control strategies for different types of wastewater have not yet been discussed. Thus, the dimensional multi-layer structural model of AGS is discussed comprehensively in the first part of this review paper, focusing on diameter size, thickness variability of each layer and diffusion factor. This can assist in facilitating the interrelation between disposition and stability of AGS structure to correspond to the changes in wastewater types, which is the main objective and novelty of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Hamiruddin
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - N A Awang
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - S N Mohd Shahpudin
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - N S Zaidi
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - M A M Said
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - B Chaplot
- Department of Geography, M.J.K College, Bettiah, a constituent unit of B.R.A., Bihar University, Bettiah, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - H M Azamathulla
- Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad
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7
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Sakr EAE, Khater DZ, El-Khatib KM. Anodic and cathodic biofilms coupled with electricity generation in single-chamber microbial fuel cell using activated sludge. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:2627-2643. [PMID: 34498106 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is used to remove organic pollutants while generating electricity. Biocathode plays as an efficient electrocatalyst for accelerating the Oxidation Reduction Reaction (ORR) of oxygen in MFC. This study integrated biocathode into a single-chamber microbial fuel cell (BSCMFC) to produce electricity from an organic substrate using aerobic activated sludge to gain more insights into anodic and cathodic biofilms. The maximum power density, current density, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, and coulombic efficiency were 0.593 W m-3, 2.6 A m-3, 83 ± 8.4%, and 22 ± 2.5%, respectively. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by biofilm from the biocathode were higher than the bioanode. Infrared spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) examined confirmed the presence of biofilm by the adhesion on electrodes. The dominant phyla in bioanode were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, while the dominant phylum in the biocathode was Proteobacteria. Therefore, this study demonstrates the applicable use of BSCMFC for bioelectricity generation and pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehag A E Sakr
- Botany Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dena Z Khater
- Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre (NRC), El Buhouth St., 12622-Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - K M El-Khatib
- Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre (NRC), El Buhouth St., 12622-Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Qian F, Huang Z, Liu Y, Grace OOW, Wang J, Shi G. Conversion of full nitritation to partial nitritation/anammox in a continuous granular reactor for low-strength ammonium wastewater treatment at 20 °C. Biodegradation 2021; 32:87-98. [PMID: 33449262 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-020-09923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of converting full nitritation to partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) at ambient temperature (20 °C) was investigated in a continuous granular reactor. The process was conducted without anammox bacteria inoculation for the treatment of 70 mg L-1 of low-strength ammonium nitrogen wastewater. Following the stepwise increase of the nitrogen loading rate from 0.84 to 1.30 kg N m-3 d-1 in 320 days of operation, the removal efficiency of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) exceeded 80% under oxygen-limiting conditions. The mature PN/A granules, which had a compact structure and abundant biomass, exhibited a specific TIN removal rate of 0.11 g N g-1 VSS d-1 and a settling velocity of 70.2 m h-1. This was comparable with that obtained at above 30 °C in previous reports. High-throughput pyrosequencing results revealed that the co-enrichment of aerobic and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria identified as genera Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Kuenenia, which prompted a hybrid competition for oxygen and nitrite with nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). However, the overgrowth of novel NOB Candidatus Nitrotoga adapted to low temperatures and low nitrite concentration could potentially deteriorate the one-stage PN/A process by exhausting residual bulk ammonium under long-term excessive aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China. .,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziheng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Olatidoye Omo Wumi Grace
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
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Sun H, Mei R, Zhang XX, Ren H, Liu WT, Ye L. Bacterial enrichment in highly-selective acetate-fed bioreactors and its application in rapid biofilm formation. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115359. [PMID: 31821931 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we systematically investigated the bacterial community dynamics in highly-selective (strong hydraulic selection pressure and high organic loading rate) bioreactors with acetate as the sole carbon source. 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic sequencing results showed that phenolics-degrading bacteria (PDB), which were mainly Acinetobacter species, in the newly-formed aerobic granules could account for >70% of the total bacteria. Near full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained by cloning suggest that the PDB are potentially novel species because they are distantly related to known Acinetobacter species. However, these PDB only temporarily appeared in the early stage of the granule formation and their abundance quickly decreased along the reactor operation. To retain these PDB, we demonstrated that the newly-formed aerobic granules could accelerate biofilm formation in moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs), and the biofilm carriers showed gradually-increased phenol degradation performance in the MBBRs. While, the bacterial community in biofilm significantly changed during the operation process of the MBBRs and the community structure became more complicated than that in the aerobic granules. Collectively, this study provides new insights into the microbial ecology of sludge granulation and biofilm formation process in the wastewater treatment systems for remediating phenolic matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Mei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Tso Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Han K, Hong U, Kim YW, Kwon S, Kim Y. Assessing the feasibility of sequential aerobic respiration and heterotrophic denitrification of a high-strength mixture of phenol and its derivatives in the field single-well-drift test. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124800. [PMID: 31526993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological degradation of high strength phenol and its derivatives in groundwater is problematic because these compounds are toxic to human and microbes. To evaluate the feasibility of in situ bioremediation using sequential aerobic respiration and heterotrophic denitrification, a field single-well-drift test (SWDT) was conducted in groundwater contaminated with coal tar distillates. To stimulate indigenous phenol degrading microorganisms, a 1400 L of oxygen-saturated test solution containing bromide (3.96 ± 0.179 mmol-Br/L) and nitrate (5.34 ± 0.187 mmol NO3--N/L) was injected into an aquifer. After injection of the test solution, significant consumption of dissolved oxygen (DO) was immediately observed; then, degradation of the methyl derivatives o-cresol and m,p-cresol was observed with average zero-order rate coefficients of 0.047 mmol/L/d and 0.23 mmol/L/d, respectively. After 73% of the injected DO was consumed, significant NO3- consumption was observed along with degradation of phenol and the dimethyl derivatives 2,4-xylenol and 3,5-xylenol, which had average zero-order rate coefficients of 0.17 mmol/L/d, 0.060 mmol/L/d, and 0.018 mmol/L/d, respectively. The production of CO2, NO2-, and N2O along with significant consumption of DO and NO3- suggest that phenolic compounds were biologically degraded by sequential aerobic respiration and heterotrophic denitrification. The results of 16s RNA analysis revealed that, after injection of the test solution, a bacterium that shared a 99% 16s rRNA sequence similarity with an uncultured bacterium revealed to be Pseudomonas stutzeri, a facultative heterotrophic denitrifier, was found in the aquifer. Thus, these results suggest that simultaneous injection of DO and NO3- is an appropriate in situ bioremediation strategy for degrading mixtures of high-strength phenolic compounds in an aquifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjin Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Uijeon Hong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea; KE Tech Incorporated, Daejeon, 34016, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Wan Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyoul Kwon
- Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, 110-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea.
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Xu LZJ, Shi ZJ, Guo Q, Bai YH, Shen YY, Jin LY, Zhao YH, Zhang JT, Jin RC. Performance and microbial community responses of the partial nitration process to tetracycline and Zn(II). Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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12
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Removal of phenolic compounds from industrial waste water based on membrane-based technologies. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Tomar SK, Chakraborty S. Effect of air flow rate on development of aerobic granules, biomass activity and nitrification efficiency for treating phenol, thiocyanate and ammonium. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 219:178-188. [PMID: 29738935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of air flow rate on aerobic granulation was evaluated for treating toxic multiple pollutants; phenol (400 mg L-1), thiocyanate (100 mg L-1) and ammonia nitrogen (100 mg L-1) by using three lab scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) (R1, R2 and R3). Larger granules (2938.67 ± 64.91 μm) with higher biomass concentration (volatile solids of 4.17 ± 0.09 g L-1), higher granule settling velocity (55.56 ± 1.36 m h-1) and lower sludge volume index (35.25 ± 1.71 mL gTSS-1) were observed at optimal air flow rate of 2.5 L min-1 (R2). Confocal laser scanning microscopic images illustrated the extended fluorescence for extracellular polymeric substances in R2. In R2, partial nitrification was achieved. Phenol was completely removed in all the reactors while partial removal of SCN- and no nitrification were observed with a decrease (1.5 L min-1) and an increase (3.5 L min-1) in air flow rates (R1 and R3, respectively). This study provides an experimental contribution to examine the effect of optimal combination of aeration and toxic multiple pollutants, governing characteristics and nitrification efficiency of granules along with SBR performance in an economic way in terms of optimal air supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar Tomar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Saswati Chakraborty
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
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14
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Xing BS, Jin RC. Inhibitory effects of heavy metals and antibiotics on nitrifying bacterial activities in mature partial nitritation. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:437-445. [PMID: 29501034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate the use of partial nitritation (PN) in nitrogen removal processes for livestock wastewater, this work investigated the inhibitory effects of heavy metals and antibiotics on the nitrifying bacterial activities of the PN processes. Biomass was collected from a continuous-flow internal-loop airlift reactor and cultured with fixed ammonium concentrations of 921 mg N L-1. Batch activity tests were conducted to determine the specific oxygen uptake rate. The individual and interactive inhibitory effects of Zn2+, Cu2+, oxytetracycline (OTC) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) were evaluated using an orthogonal test. The results showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Zn2+, Cu2+, OTC and SMZ on PN sludge were 50.1, 35.4, 447 and 1890 mg L-1, respectively. The joint toxicities of heavy metals (Zn2+ and Cu2+) and antibiotics (OTC and SMZ) in the PN mixed culture were generally synergistic, except for between Zn2+ and Cu2+, which was antagonistic. In joint toxicity tests, the significance of the inhibitory effect of Zn2+ (15.3-164.3 mg L-1), Cu2+ (13.8-90.9 mg L-1), OTC (27.0-866.5 mg L-1) and SMZ (290-3490 mg L-1) on the nitrifying bacterial activity can be ranked in the following order: SMZ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > OTC. Additionally, different exposure times (1 h, 3 h and 24 h) with or without aeration were also comparatively studied. These results show that a greater PN sludge activity loss than when exposure without aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Shan Xing
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
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15
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Liu X, Wu S, Zhang D, Shen J, Han W, Sun X, Li J, Wang L. Simultaneous pyridine biodegradation and nitrogen removal in an aerobic granular system. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 67:318-329. [PMID: 29778165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous pyridine biodegradation and nitrogen removal were successfully achieved in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) based on aerobic granules. In a typical SBR cycle, nitritation occurred obviously after the majority of pyridine was removed, while denitrification occurred at early stage of the cycle when oxygen consumption was aggravated. The effect of several key operation parameters, i.e., air flow rate, influent NH4+-N concentration, influent pH and pyridine concentration, on nitritation, pyridine degradation and total nitrogen (TN) removal, was systematically investigated. The results indicated that high air flow rate had a positive effect on both pyridine degradation and nitritation but a negative impact of overhigh air flow rate. With the increase of NH4+ dosage, both nitritation and TN removal could be severely inhibited. Slightly alkaline condition, i.e., pH7.0-8.0, was beneficial for both pyridine degradation and nitritation. High pyridine dosage often resulted in the delay of both pyridine degradation and nitritation. Besides, extracellular polymeric substances production was affected by air flow rate, NH4+ dosage, pyridine dosage and pH. In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis demonstrated that Bdellovibrio and Paracoccus were the dominant species in the aerobic granulation system. Coexistence of pyridine degrader, nitrification related species, denitrification related species, polymeric substances producer and self-aggregation related species was also confirmed by high-throughput sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shijing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Dejin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Weiqing Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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16
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Wang J, Zhang Z, Qian F, Shen Y, Qi Z, Ji X, Kajamisso EML. Rapid start-up of a nitritation granular reactor using activated sludge as inoculum at the influent organics/ammonium mass ratio of 2/1. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:170-177. [PMID: 29438917 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Partial oxidation of ammonium to nitrite is a pre- and crucial step to achieve shortcut biological nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich wastewater. In the present study, a nitritation granular reactor using activated sludge as inoculum was started up in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) at a fixed influent C/N ratio of 2:1. Variations in the reactor performance, functional bacteria activities, sludge morphology and bacterial community structure were investigated. Results showed the formation of compact granules was achieved in 55 days, and a stable nitrite accumulation rate of 0.68 kg N·m-3·d-1 was maintained in the following period. With a rapid growth of granular size, the total nitrogen removal by simultaneous nitritation/denitritation was progressively increased to 50%. In sludge granulation, the significant enrichment of r-strategist ammonium oxidizing bacteria (Nitrosomonas) was identified. Additionally, both high free ammonia concentration and extra nitrite competition by heterotrophic denitrifiers were critical to suppress nitrite oxidizing bacteria effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyue Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaoliang Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zekun Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Emma Marcello Lagu Kajamisso
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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17
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Kent TR, Bott CB, Wang ZW. State of the art of aerobic granulation in continuous flow bioreactors. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1139-1166. [PMID: 29597030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In the wake of the success of aerobic granulation in sequential batch reactors (SBRs) for treating wastewater, attention is beginning to turn to continuous flow applications. This is a necessary step given the advantages of continuous flow treatment processes and the fact that the majority of full-scale wastewater treatment plants across the world are operated with aeration tanks and clarifiers in a continuous flow mode. As in SBRs, applying a selection pressure, based on differences in either settling velocity or the size of the biomass, is essential for successful granulation in continuous flow reactors (CFRs). CFRs employed for aerobic granulation come in multiple configurations, each with their own means of achieving such a selection pressure. Other factors, such as bioaugmentation and hydraulic shear force, also contribute to aerobic granulation to some extent. Besides the formation of aerobic granules, long-term stability of aerobic granules is also a critical issue to be addressed. Inorganic precipitation, special inocula, and various operational optimization strategies have been used to improve granule long-term structural integrity. Accumulated studies reviewed in this work demonstrate that aerobic granulation in CFRs is capable of removing a wide spectrum of contaminants and achieving properties generally comparable to those in SBRs. Despite the notable research progress made toward successful aerobic granulation in lab-scale CFRs, to the best of our knowledge, there are only three full-scale tests of the technique, two being seeded with anammox-supported aerobic granules and the other with conventional aerobic granules; two other process alternatives are currently in development. Application of settling- or size-based selection pressures and feast/famine conditions are especially difficult to implement to these and similar mainstream systems. Future research efforts needs to be focused on the optimization of the granule-to-floc ratio, enhancement of granule activity, improvement of long-term granule stability, and a better understanding of aerobic granulation mechanisms in CFRs, especially in full-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Kent
- Occoquan Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, United States
| | | | - Zhi-Wu Wang
- Occoquan Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, United States.
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18
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Xia J, Ye L, Ren H, Zhang XX. Microbial community structure and function in aerobic granular sludge. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3967-3979. [PMID: 29550989 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS), a self-immobilized microbial consortium containing different functional microorganisms, is receiving growing attention, since it has shown great technological and economical potentials in the field of wastewater treatment. Microbial community is crucial for the formation, stability, and pollutant removal efficiency of aerobic granules. This mini-review systematically summarizes the recent findings of the microbial community structure and function of AGS and discusses the new research progress in the microbial community dynamics during the granulation process and spatial distribution patterns of the microbiota in AGS. The presented information may be helpful for the in-depth theoretical study and practical application of AGS technology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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19
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Qian F, Gebreyesus AT, Wang J, Shen Y, Liu W, Xie L. Single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process at high loading rate: granular reactor performance, kinetics, and microbial characterization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2379-2389. [PMID: 29353308 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
For the possible highest performance of single-stage combined partial nitritation/anammox (PNA) process, a continuous complete-mix granular reactor was operated at progressively higher nitrogen loading rate. The variations in bacterial community structure of granules were also characterized using high-throughput pyrosequencing, to give a detail insight to the relationship between reactor performance and functional organism abundance within completely autotrophic nitrogen removal system. In 172 days of operation, a superior total nitrogen (TN) removal rate over 3.9 kg N/(m3/day) was stable implemented at a fixed dissolved oxygen concentration of 1.9 mg/L, corresponding to the maximum specific substrate utilization rate of 0.36/day for TN based on the related kinetics modeling. Pyrosequencing results revealed that the genus Nitrosomonas responsible for aerobic ammonium oxidation was dominated on the granule surface, which was essential to offer the required niche for the selective enrichment of anammox bacteria (genus Candidatus Kuenenia) in the inner layer. And the present of various heterotrophic organisms with general functions, known as fermentation and denitrification, could not be overlooked. In addition, it was believed that an adequate excess of ammonium in the bulk liquid played a key role in maintaining process stability, by suppressing the growth of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria through dual-substrate competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Abebe Temesgen Gebreyesus
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaoliang Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenru Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulin Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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20
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Salas-Cortés JA, Cuervo-López FDM, Texier AC. Simultaneous oxidation of ammonium and cresol isomers in a sequencing batch reactor: physiological and kinetic study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:25667-25675. [PMID: 26894615 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological and kinetic capacities of a nitrifying consortium to simultaneously oxidize ammonium (138 mg N/L day), m-cresol, o-cresol, and p-cresol (180 mg C/L day in mixture) in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). A 1-L SBR was firstly operated without cresol addition (phase I) for stabilizing the nitrification respiratory process with ammonium consumption efficiencies close to 100 % and obtaining nitrate as the main end product. When cresols were added (phase II m-cresol (10, 20, and 30 mg C/L); phase III m-cresol (30 mg C/L) and o-cresol (10, 20, and 30 mg C/L); phase IV a mixture of three isomers (30 mg C/L each one)), inhibitory effects were evidenced by decreased values of the specific rates of nitrification compared with values from phase I. However, the inhibition diminished throughout the operation cycles, and the overall nitrifying physiological activity of the sludge was not altered in terms of efficiency and nitrate yield. The different cresols were totally consumed, being o-cresol the most recalcitrant. The use of SBR allowed a metabolic adaptation of the consortium to oxidize the cresols as the specific rates of consumption increased throughout the cycles, showing that this type of reactor can be a good alternative for treating industrial effluents in a unique reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Salas-Cortés
- Departamento de Biotecnología, División CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Flor de María Cuervo-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología, División CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Anne-Claire Texier
- Departamento de Biotecnología, División CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340, México, D.F., Mexico.
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21
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Sun H, Yu P, Li Q, Ren H, Liu B, Ye L, Zhang XX. Transformation of anaerobic granules into aerobic granules and the succession of bacterial community. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:7703-7713. [PMID: 28916990 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated that anaerobic granular sludge could be successfully transformed into aerobic granular sludge in a continuous up-flow reactor in 45 days. An aerobic microbial community successfully developed in the granules and high organic matter and nitrogen removal performance was achieved. Under an ammonia nitrogen loading rate of 0.8 kg N/(m3 day), ammonia nitrogen and the total nitrogen removal efficiency of the reactor reached up to 100 and 93%, respectively. An obvious bacterial community shift in granular sludge was observed during the transformation process. By comparing with the bacterial community in aerobic granules cultivated from floccular activated sludge, some bacteria (affiliated with Comamonadaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Rhodocyclaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Nitrosomonadaceae) playing significant roles in maintaining the structures and functions of aerobic granules were identified. After the transformation, the granules could be clearly separated into the inner core and outer shell. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results indicated many bacterial species present in both the inner core and outer shell; however, their abundance differed significantly. Overall, this study confirms the feasibility of transforming anaerobic granules into aerobic granules and provides novel approaches and insights to understand the microbial ecology in granular sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Jiangsu Information Institute of Science and Technology, 117 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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22
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Ramos C, Amorim CL, Mesquita DP, Ferreira EC, Carrera J, Castro PML. Simultaneous partial nitrification and 2-fluorophenol biodegradation with aerobic granular biomass: Reactor performance and microbial communities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:232-240. [PMID: 28433913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An aerobic granular bioreactor was operated for over 4months, treating a synthetic wastewater with a high ammonium content (100mgNL-1). The inoculum was collected from a bioreactor performing simultaneous partial nitrification and aromatic compounds biodegradation. From day-56 onwards, 2-fluorophenol (2-FP) (12.4mgL-1) was added to the feeding wastewater and the system was bioaugmented with a 2-FP degrading bacteria (Rhodococcus sp. FP1). By the end of operation, complete 2-FP biodegradation and partial nitrification were simultaneously achieved. Aerobic granules remained stable over time. During the 2-FP loading, a shift in the community structure occurred, coinciding with the improvement of 2-FP degradation. DGGE analysis did not allow to infer on the bioaugmented strain presence but pyrosequencing analysis detected Rhodococcus genus by the end of operation. Together with other potential phenolic-degraders within granules, these microorganisms were probably responsible for 2-FP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ramos
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Ed. Q - Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Catarina L Amorim
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina e Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia e Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Daniela P Mesquita
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Eugénio C Ferreira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Julián Carrera
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Ed. Q - Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula M L Castro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina e Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
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23
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Chen QQ, Chen H, Zhang ZZ, Guo LX, Jin RC. Effects of thiocyanate on granule-based anammox process and implications for regulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 321:81-91. [PMID: 27614321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of using anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process to treat industrial wastewater containing thiocyanate (SCN-) was examined in this study. Anammox activity decreased with increasing thiocyanate concentration and pre-exposure time in batch tests. A typical noncompetitive model was used to fit the data for thiocyanate inhibition, and the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of thiocyanate on anammox was 620.4mgL-1 at 200mgL-1 total nitrogen level. The influent thiocyanate concentration of test reactor (R1) in phase II gradually increased from 10 to 120mgL-1, and the average nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of R1 was maintained at 83.0±7.82%. This robustness was attributed to the self-adaptation ability of anammox biomass through long-term acclimatization. The NRE was decreased to 57.1% under 130mgL-1 thiocyanate within two days. However, the NRE of control reactor (R0) in absence of thiocyanate was 91.23±4.11% in this phase. Under thiocyanate stress, the specific anammox activity, settling velocity and heme c content of the granules significantly decreased, and the extracellular polymeric substances content slightly increased. The short- and long-term performance inhibition could be reversed in the presence of 10mgL-1 Fe(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Zheng-Zhe Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Li-Xin Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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24
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Amorim CL, Moreira IS, Duque AF, van Loosdrecht MCM, Castro PML. Aerobic Granular Sludge. TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF NUTRIENTS FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1037-6.ch009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic Granular Sludge (AGS) has been successfully applied for carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous removal from wastewaters, in a single tank, reducing the space and energy requirements. This is especially beneficial for, often space restricted, industrial facilities. Moreover, AGS holds a promise for the toxic pollutants removal, due to its layered and compact structure and the bacteria embedding in a protective extracellular polymeric matrix. These outstanding features contribute to AGS tolerance to toxicity and stability. Strategies available to deal with toxic compounds, namely granulation with effluents containing toxics and bioaugmentation, are addressed here. Different applications for the toxics/micropollutants removal through biosorption and/or biodegradation are presented, illustrating the technology versatility. The anthropogenic substances effects on system performance and bacterial populations established within AGS are also addressed. Combination of contaminants removal to allow water discharge, and simultaneous valuable products recovery are presented as final remark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina L. Amorim
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Portugal & University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Anouk F. Duque
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Portugal & Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
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25
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Gao M, Diao MH, Yuan S, Wang YK, Xu H, Wang XH. Effects of phenol on physicochemical properties and treatment performances of partial nitrifying granules in sequencing batch reactors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 13:13-18. [PMID: 28352557 PMCID: PMC5361127 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenol caused deterioration of physicochemical properties of PNGs. Phenol stimulated filamentous overgrowth and EPS secretion of PNGs. PNGs got easier to agglomerate and then been washout out after phenol exposure. Phenol induced revival of NOB and failure of partial nitrification.
This study attempts to investigate the effect of phenol on physicochemical properties and treatment performances of partial nitrifying granules (PNGs). Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) fed with synthetic ammonium wastewaters were operated in absence (R1) or presence (R2) of phenol. The PNGs in R1 maintained excellent partial nitrification performance and relatively stable physicochemical properties, and exhibited compact and regular shaped structure with a cocci-dominant surface. However, as phenol concentration was stepwise increased from 0 to 300 mg/L in R2, filamentous bacteria appeared and gradually dominated within granules, which in turn resulted in settleability deterioration. Most notably, granules in R2 got easier to agglomerate in the reactor walls and then been washed out with effluent, leading to significant biomass loss, frequent outflow pipe blockage, and eventual system failure. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) contents including proteins and polysaccharides in R2 reached 1.8 and 1.7 times of that in R1, respectively, indicating that the presence of phenol played an important role on EPS production. Removal efficiency of ammonium and phenol remained high, but dropped sharply when phenol concentration reached 300 mg/L. Moreover, the failed maintenance of partial nitrification was observed due to the revival of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) within granules after phenol exposure, which was confirmed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Overall this study demonstrates that phenol had negative effects on PNGs, and pretreatment to eliminate phenolic substances is recommended when using PNGs for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Mu-He Diao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shasha Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yun-Kun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xin-Hua Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Wang J, Qian F, Liu X, Liu W, Wang S, Shen Y. Cultivation and characteristics of partial nitrification granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor inoculated with heterotrophic granules. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9381-9391. [PMID: 27557719 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a simple operation strategy for the cultivation of partial nitrification granules (PNGs) treating an autotrophic medium. For this strategy, aerobic granular sludge adapted to high concentration organics removal was seeded in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a height/diameter ratio of 3.8, and the ratio of organics to the ammonia nitrogen-loading rate (C/N ratio) in the influent was employed as the main control parameter to start up the partial nitrification process. After 86 days of operation, the nitrite accumulation rate reached 1.44 kg/(m3 day) in the SBR, and the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) was over 95 %. The PNGs showed a dense and compact structure, with an excellent settling ability, a typical extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composition, and a high ammonia oxidation activity. The high-throughput pyrosequencing results indicated that the microbial community structure in the granules was significantly influenced by the C/N ratio, and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), including the r-strategist Nitrosomonas and k-strategist Nitrosospira genre, which accounted for approximately 40 % of the total biomass at the end of operation. The effective suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) growth was attributed to oxygen competition on the granular surface among functional bacteria, as well as the high free ammonia or free nitrous acid concentrations during the aeration period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,College of Tianping, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 55 Changjiang Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyue Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenru Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoliang Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Guo Q, Shi ZJ, Xu JL, Yang CC, Huang M, Shi ML, Jin RC. Inhibition of the partial nitritation by roxithromycin and Cu(II). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:253-258. [PMID: 27136613 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate the application of partial nitritation (PN) - anaerobic ammonium oxidation process in nitrogen removal from livestock wastewater, the inhibition of roxithromycin (ROX) and Cu(II) on the PN sludge was examined using a respirometric method. The results showed that the IC50 of ROX and Cu(II) on PN sludge were 346 and 74.3mgL(-1), respectively. The relative specific respiration rate (SRR) of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) decreased from 87.4% to 17.7% with the ROX concentration increased from 0 to 500mgL(-1). When the concentration of Cu(II) increased from 0 to 160mgL(-1), the SRRs of AOB and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria decreased by 85.5% and 11.2%, respectively. According to the isobole plots analysis, combined suppression by ROX and Cu(II) was synergistic. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses showed that ROX exposure altered the positions of CO bonds, and the intensity of the absorption peak at 2100cm(-1) changed under Cu(II) exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jia-Li Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Chen-Chen Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Mei Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Man-Ling Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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Praveen P, Loh KC. Osmotic membrane bioreactor for phenol biodegradation under continuous operation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 305:115-122. [PMID: 26651068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Continuous phenol biodegradation was accomplished in a two-phase partitioning osmotic membrane bioreactor (TPPOMBR) system, using extractant impregnated membranes (EIM) as the partitioning phase. The EIMs alleviated substrate inhibition during prolonged operation at influent phenol concentrations of 600-2000mg/L, and also at spiked concentrations of 2500mg/L phenol restricted to 2 days. Filtration of the effluent through forward osmosis maintained high biomass concentration in the bioreactor and improved effluent quality. Steady state was reached in 5-6 days at removal rates varying between 2000 and 5500mg/L-day under various conditions. Due to biofouling and salt accumulation, the permeate flux varied from 1.2-7.2 LMH during 54 days of operation, while maintaining an average hydraulic retention time of 7.4h. A washing cycle, comprising 1h osmotic backwashing using 0.5M NaCl and 2h washing with water, facilitated biofilm removal from the membranes. Characterization of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) through FTIR showed peaks between 1700 and 1500cm(-1), 1450-1450cm(-1) and 1200-1000cm(-1), indicating the presence of proteins, phenols and polysaccharides, respectively. The carbohydrate to protein ratio in the EPS was estimated to be 0.3. These results indicate that TPPOMBR can be promising in continuous treatment of phenolic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Praveen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Kai-Chee Loh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
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Biodegradation of a high-strength wastewater containing a mixture of ammonium, aromatic compounds and salts with simultaneous nitritation in an aerobic granular reactor. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Huang X, Urata K, Wei Q, Yamashita Y, Hama T, Kawagoshi Y. Fast start-up of partial nitritation as pre-treatment for anammox in membrane bioreactor. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang Y, Wang F, Zhu X, Zeng J, Zhao Q, Jiang X. Extracellular polymeric substances govern the development of biofilm and mass transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for improved biodegradation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 193:274-80. [PMID: 26141288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis that extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) affect the formation of biofilms for subsequent enhanced biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was tested. Controlled formation of biofilms on humin particles and biodegradation of phenanthrene and pyrene were performed with bacteria and EPS-extracted bacteria of Micrococcus sp. PHE9 and Mycobacterium sp. NJS-P. Bacteria without EPS extraction developed biofilms on humin, in contrast the EPS-extracted bacteria could not attach to humin particles. In the subsequent biodegradation of phenanthrene and pyrene, the biodegradation rates by biofilms were significantly higher than those of EPS-extracted bacteria. Although, both the biofilms and EPS-extracted bacteria showed increases in EPS contents, only the EPS contents in biofilms displayed significant correlations with the biodegradation efficiencies of phenanthrene and pyrene. It is proposed that the bacterial-produced EPS was a key factor to mediate bacterial attachment to other surfaces and develop biofilms, thereby increasing the bioavailability of poorly soluble PAH for enhanced biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Normal University Center for Analysis and Testing, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhu
- Nanjing Normal University Center for Analysis and Testing, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qiguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Ni SQ, Sun N, Yang H, Zhang J, Ngo HH. Distribution of extracellular polymeric substances in anammox granules and their important roles during anammox granulation. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Feng C, Huang L, Yu H, Yi X, Wei C. Simultaneous phenol removal, nitrification and denitrification using microbial fuel cell technology. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 76:160-170. [PMID: 25813490 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that concomitant removal of phenol and nitrogen can be accomplished in a single dual-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) reactor, in which the two chambers are separated with an anion-exchange membrane. A series of experiments were performed with ammonium (230 NH4(+)-N mg L(-1)) and phenol (with concentrations varying from 0 to 1400 mg L(-1)) fed to the aerobic cathode chamber of the MFC. Experimental results demonstrated that no apparent inhibitory effect of phenol on the nitrifying reaction was noted even at the phenol concentration up to 600 mg L(-1). For all the experiments, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification was achieved in the MFC. In comparison to the traditional aerobic bioreactor (ABR) and the same MFC run under the open-circuit condition, the MFC reactor allowed less inhibition of nitrification to phenol exposure and higher rate of nitrogen removal. The data of bacterial analysis revealed that electrochemically active bacteria and denitrifiers in the anaerobic chamber play a significant role in electricity generation and anaerobic denitrification, respectively, while phenol-degrading bacteria, nitrifiers, and denitrifiers in the aerobic cathode chamber are responsible for phenol oxidation, aerobic nitrification and aerobic denitrification, respectively. These results imply that the MFC holds potential for simultaneous removal of phenolic compounds and nitrogen contained in some particular industrial wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Feng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Liqiao Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Yi
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Long B, Yang CZ, Pu WH, Yang JK, Liu FB, Zhang L, Zhang J, Cheng K. Tolerance to organic loading rate by aerobic granular sludge in a cyclic aerobic granular reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 182:314-322. [PMID: 25710570 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sodium acetate as carbon source, tolerance to organic loading rate (OLR) by aerobic granular sludge in a cyclic aerobic granular reactor (CAGR) was investigated by gradually increasing the influent COD. AGS could maintain stability in the continuous flow reactor under OLR⩽15kg/m(3)d in the former 65 days, and SVI, granulation rate, average particle size and water content was 21 ml/g, 98%, 1.8mm and 97.2% on the 65th day. However, AGS gradually disintegrated after the 66 th day when OLR increased to 18 kg/m(3)d, and granules' properties deteriorated rapidly in a short time. High removal rates to pollutants were achieved by CAGR in the former 65 days, but the removal rates of pollutants dropped sharply from the 66 th day. With the increase of OLR and particle size, anaerobic cores inside the granules were formed by massive dead cells, while instability of anaerobic core eventually led to the collapse of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Long
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chang-Zhu Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Wen-Hong Pu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jia-Kuan Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fu-Biao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
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Liu Q, Du C, Yang T, Fu Z. Ammonia and phenol removal in an internal-circulate sequencing batch airlift reactor. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 72:63-69. [PMID: 26114272 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An internal-circulate sequencing batch airlift reactor (IC-SBAR) has been developed to evaluate the efficiency of phenol and ammonia removal in treating synthetic wastewater. This study examined the effect of operation cycle on this system. Results showed that above 97.0% removal efficiencies of ammonia and phenol were achieved, which indicated that ammonia and phenol removals were not related to operation cycle. The average removal efficiency of 91.7% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) was achieved when the static/aerobic/settling time was 240 min/440 min/40 min. It was found that COD removal efficiency increased due to the time of operation cycle being prolonged. The average removal efficiencies of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) were 65.8, 69.3 and 68.9% when average TIN concentrations were 78.0, 97.6 and 88.4 mg/L, respectively, in the influent. A cycle study showed that most phenol was degraded by aerobic microbes. Increasing the static time from 120 to 240 min resulted in the accumulation of NO2(-)-N, which indicated that the structures of the nitrifying bacterial community were changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Liu
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China E-mail:
| | - Cong Du
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China E-mail:
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China E-mail:
| | - Zhimin Fu
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China E-mail:
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36
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Bumbac C, Ionescu IA, Tiron O, Badescu VR. Continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor for dairy wastewater treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 71:440-445. [PMID: 25714645 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this study was to assess the treatment performance and granule progression over time within a continuous flow reactor. A continuous flow airlift reactor was seeded with aerobic granules from a laboratory scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and fed with dairy wastewater. Stereomicroscopic investigations showed that the granules maintained their integrity during the experimental period. Laser diffraction investigation showed proof of new granules formation with 100-500 μm diameter after only 2 weeks of operation. The treatment performances were satisfactory and more or less similar to the ones obtained from the SBR. Thus, removal efficiencies of 81-93% and 85-94% were observed for chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand, respectively. The N-NH(+)(4) was nitrified with removal efficiencies of 83-99% while the nitrate produced was simultaneously denitrified - highest nitrate concentration determined in the effluent was 4.2 mg/L. The removal efficiency of total nitrogen was between 52 and 80% depending on influent nitrogen load (39.3-76.2 mg/L). Phosphate removal efficiencies ranged between 65 and above 99% depending on the influent phosphate concentration, which varied between 11.2 and 28.3 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bumbac
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, Sector 6, 060652 Bucharest, Romania E-mail:
| | - I A Ionescu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, Sector 6, 060652 Bucharest, Romania E-mail:
| | - O Tiron
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, Sector 6, 060652 Bucharest, Romania E-mail:
| | - V R Badescu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, Sector 6, 060652 Bucharest, Romania E-mail:
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Yin C, Meng F, Chen GH. Spectroscopic characterization of extracellular polymeric substances from a mixed culture dominated by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 68:740-749. [PMID: 25462778 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of aerobic (AerAOB) and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) are expected to have a significant impact on the performance of autotrophic nitrogen removal in engineered systems. However, there are a few investigations of the EPS of AerAOB and AnAOB, and the results are contradictory. In this study, photometric measurements indicated that the EPS of AerAOB- (31.74 ± 1.48 mg/g-VSS, volatile suspended solids) and AnAOB-enriched cultures (30.12 ± 1.52 mg/g-VSS) contained more polysaccharides than did conventional activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment facility (10.76 ± 0.83 mg/g-VSS). In addition, the EPS of the AnAOB-enriched culture was dominated by proteins, leading to a considerably higher protein/polysaccharide ratio (2.64 ± 0.12) than those of the AerAOB-enriched culture (0.56 ± 0.03) and conventional activated sludge (1.96 ± 0.09). Characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the dominance of amide bands and/or polysaccharide-associated bands in the EPS of AnAOB and AerAOB. These results corroborate the data from the photometric measurements. In addition, the EPS of AnAOB (23.1% ± 1.2%) and AerAOB (21.9% ± 1.1%) had a higher portion of α-helices, which is the key protein secondary structure that determines flocculation or cell aggregation, in the amide I band than that of activated sludge (16.7% ± 0.8%). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization also revealed significantly different functionalities among the EPS of the three mixed cultures; e.g., O-(C,H), which indicates the presence of polysaccharides, was richer in the EPS of AerAOB, whereas protonated amines, which are commonly found in amino acids and amino sugars, accounted for a large portion of the EPS of AnAOB. The results of this study can potentially expand our knowledge of the microbial aggregates responsible for autotrophic nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiqin Yin
- SYSU-HKUST Research Center for Innovative Environmental Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Jemaat Z, Suárez-Ojeda ME, Pérez J, Carrera J. Sequentially alternating pollutant scenarios of phenolic compounds in a continuous aerobic granular sludge reactor performing simultaneous partial nitritation and o-cresol biodegradation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 161:354-361. [PMID: 24727695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater treatment plants must operate properly during the transient-state conditions often found in the industrial production. This study presents the performance of simultaneous partial nitritation and o-cresol biodegradation in a continuous aerobic granular reactor under sequentially alternating pollutant (SAP) scenarios. Three SAP scenarios were imposed during the operation of the granular reactor. In each one, a secondary recalcitrant compound (either p-nitrophenol (PNP), phenol or 2-chlorophenol (2CP)) were added for a short period of time to the regular influent containing only ammonium and o-cresol. Partial nitritation and o-cresol biodegradation were not inhibited by the presence of PNP or phenol and both compounds were fully biodegraded. On the contrary, the presence of 2CP strongly inhibited both processes within 2days. However, the reactor was recovered in a few days. These findings demonstrate that treatment of complex industrial wastewaters with variable influent composition is feasible in a continuous aerobic granular reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulkifly Jemaat
- GENOCOV research group, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Suárez-Ojeda
- GENOCOV research group, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Pérez
- GENOCOV research group, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Carrera
- GENOCOV research group, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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