1
|
Lin D, Zhang H, Wang Z, Xu D, Li G, Ulbricht M, Liang H. New insights into the influence of pre-oxidation on membrane fouling during nanofiltration of brackish water considering inorganic-organic complexation and oxidant reduction byproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167364. [PMID: 37769728 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Even though pre-oxidation is usually considered as a promising method to alleviate membrane fouling, information on performance and inner mechanisms of pre-oxidation-influenced membrane fouling during nanofiltration of brackish water is still limited. This study is the first work in which oxidant reduction byproducts and interaction between different pollutants were particularly considered to address these problems. Herein, nanofiltration experiments with different pre-oxidized synthesis brackish water containing inorganic salts and organic pollutants were conducted. Membrane flux results showed that both NaClO and K2FeO4 aggravated membrane fouling, but 0.45 mg/mg TOC KMnO4 mitigated it when simulation results of NICA-Donnan model showed that the complexation between calcium ions and humic acid (HA) was weakened. However, membrane fouling was enhanced by higher dosage of KMnO4. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer using attenuated total reflection (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum showed that the aggravated membrane fouling was mainly caused by the generation of amorphous manganese oxide, which was oxidant reduction byproduct and had strong capacity for adsorption of HA. Particle size distribution and zeta potential variation indicated that the accumulation of HA could enhance the crystallization process and then the electrostatic attraction between membrane and bulk crystallization was induced. According to SEM images and fitting results of Hermia's models, the already-formed bulk crystallization by 1.90 mg/mg TOC KMnO4 could deposit on membranes more easily, followed by the formation of a denser fouling layer. Overall, the present study provided new insights into the design of reliable pre-oxidation strategies for alleviating membrane fouling during nanofiltration of brackish water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dachao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Daliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Mathias Ulbricht
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany.
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ramanaiah SV, Chandrasekhar K, Cordas CM, Potoroko I. Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) for agro-food waste and wastewater treatment, and sustainable bioenergy-A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 325:121432. [PMID: 36907238 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Producing food by farming and subsequent food manufacturing are central to the world's food supply, accounting for more than half of all production. Production is, however, closely related to the creation of large amounts of organic wastes or byproducts (agro-food waste or wastewater) that negatively impact the environment and the climate. Global climate change mitigation is an urgent need that necessitates sustainable development. For that purpose, proper agro-food waste and wastewater management are essential, not only for waste reduction but also for resource optimization. To achieve sustainability in food production, biotechnology is considered as key factor since its continuous development and broad implementation will potentially benefit ecosystems by turning polluting waste into biodegradable materials; this will become more feasible and common as environmentally friendly industrial processes improve. Bioelectrochemical systems are a revitalized, promising biotechnology integrating microorganisms (or enzymes) with multifaceted applications. The technology can efficiently reduce waste and wastewater while recovering energy and chemicals, taking advantage of their biological elements' specific redox processes. In this review, a consolidated description of agro-food waste and wastewater and its remediation possibilities, using different bioelectrochemical-based systems is presented and discussed together with a critical view of the current and future potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V Ramanaiah
- Food and Biotechnology Research Lab, South Ural State University (National Research University), 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation.
| | - K Chandrasekhar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Cristina M Cordas
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde | Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Irina Potoroko
- Food and Biotechnology Research Lab, South Ural State University (National Research University), 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hesham M, Elawwad A, Abd El Meguid A, Nour MH. A New Model for Microbial Desalination Cells: Model Formulation and Validation under Different Operating Conditions. J CHEM-NY 2022; 2022:1-10. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3791662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a dynamic mathematical model was developed to simulate the processes in Microbial Desalination Cells (MDCs) operated in cyclic batch flow mode using ordinary differential equations found in the literature. In contrast to previous models, the proposed model was developed for fed-batch operations and considers the effects of temperature and substrate inhibition using simple equations for quick simulation. Local sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the parameters with the least impact on current, COD, and salt removal, which were then eliminated from the simplified model. These parameters were found to be the decay rates of anodophilic and methanogenic microorganisms (
and
) and the internal resistance parameters (
and
). In addition, the best-performing parameters based on the sensitivity analysis results were selected for reestimation for model fitting. The reestimated parameters were mediator yield (
), membrane salt transfer coefficient (
), maximum substrate utilization rate by methanogenic microorganisms (
,
, max), and maximum anodophilic growth rate (
, max). The predictions of the model were consistent with both our previous experimental data and experimental studies found in the literature and can be easily used by experimentalists for the rapid simulation and prediction of an MDC’s performance under different operating conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merna Hesham
- Irrigation and Hydraulics Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, El-Gamaa St., 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelsalam Elawwad
- Environmental Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, El-Gamaa St., 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd El Meguid
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Institute, Housing and Building National Research Center, 87 Tahir St., 11511 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hamdy Nour
- Irrigation and Hydraulics Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, El-Gamaa St., 12613 Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Patel M, Patel SS, Kumar P, Mondal DP, Singh B, Khan MA, Singh S. Advancements in spontaneous microbial desalination technology for sustainable water purification and simultaneous power generation: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113374. [PMID: 34325367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Population growth and rapid urbanization have put a lot of pressure on the already scarce freshwater around the globe. The availability of freshwater is not only limited but it is non-uniform also. Available desalination technologies help mitigate water shortage; however, these techniques are energy-intensive and unsustainable. Desalination technologies utilizing renewable energy and bio-electrochemical systems have been developed to achieve limited sustainability. With technological advancements, microbial desalination cell (MDC) has been developed which is capable of desalination, wastewater treatment, and power generation simultaneously. This review critically examined the performance of various MDC techniques concerning their stimulus parameters including COD removal, total desalination rate, total dissolved solids reduction rate, Coulombic efficiency, and power density. Limitations of MDCs have also been incorporated in the review. Work on MDC coupled with other robust desalination techniques offering advantages such as better desalination and more water recovery e.g. osmotic-MDC etc. has been included. Researchers have tremendously worked on MDCs with different electro-catalysts. Few of these are not sustainable and costly. Authors have reviewed critically with belief that it will pave a way for the commercialization of this eco-friendly technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Patel
- Lightweight Metallic Materials, CSIR- Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shiv Singh Patel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Water Resources Management and Rural Technology, CSIR- Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | - Pradip Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Integrated Approach for Design and Product Development, CSIR- Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India.
| | - Dehi Pada Mondal
- Lightweight Metallic Materials, CSIR- Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Bhupendra Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Minhsiung Township, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Mohd Akram Khan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR- Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | - Shiv Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR- Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barahoei M, Hatamipour MS, Khosravi M, Afsharzadeh S, Feghhipour SE. Salinity reduction of brackish water using a chemical photosynthesis desalination cell. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146473. [PMID: 34030243 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a chemical photosynthesis desalination cell (CPDC) was investigated for saltwater desalination. The cell consisted of three main parts: (1) an anodic compartment where the oxidation reaction occurs, releasing electrons, (2) a cathode compartment where the required soluble oxygen is provided by microalgae photosynthesis, and (3) an electrodialysis desalination cell installed between the cathode and anode. In the anode, a novel idea was adopted to shorten the desalination duration and increase the salinity rate using a chemical oxidation reaction in combination with the biocathode. The CPDC contributed to the carbon dioxide biological sequestration (reducing air pollution), produced microalgae biomass as a source of renewable energy and generated electricity. In the investigated CPDC, microalgae were used to supply the required oxygen solution as an electron acceptor. The metal anode-microalgae biocathode battery could provide the required energy for electrodialysis. In addition, some extra electricity was generated with a maximum excess power density of 32.4 W/m3 per volume of the net anodic compartment, 16.2 W/m3 per volume of the net cathodic compartment, and 3.07 W/m2 of membrane surface area. This study confirms the benefits of microalgae as a sustainable biocathode in microbial desalination cells (MDCs) to supply electron acceptors in an environmental-friendly manner. Compared to photosynthetic microbial desalination cells (PMDCs), the CPDC decreased the desalination time by a factor of about 4. Besides, the NaCl removal was about 69% for 12 g/L NaCl concentration in the CPDC, higher than other MDCs. In addition, as a new operational factor, the internal resistance variations were determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in different case studies. The results demonstrated for the first time the possibility of applying a new desalination cell (i.e. CPDC) for water desalination and power generation which only uses a source of chemical reaction and microalgae photosynthesis without the need for an external power source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Barahoei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Khosravi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Afsharzadeh
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Feghhipour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rahman S, Al-Mamun A, Jafary T, Alhimali H, Baawain MS. Effect of internal and external resistances on desalination in microbial desalination cell. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:2389-2403. [PMID: 34032617 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The green and cost-effective nature of the microbial desalination cell (MDC) make it a promising alternative for future sustainable desalination. However, MDC suffers from a low desalination rate that inhibits it being commercialized. External resistance (Rext) is one of the factors that significantly affect the desalination rate in MDCs, which is still under debate. This research, for the first time, investigated the impact of Rext on MDCs with different internal resistance (Rint) of the system to discover the optimal range of Rext for efficient MDC performance. The results showed that the effect of Rext on desalination rate (2.52 mg/h) was quite low when the Rint of MDC was high (200 Ω). However, operating the MDC with a low Rint (67 Ω) significantly improved the desalination rate (9.85 mg/h) and current generation. When MDC was operated with a low Rint the effect of variable Rext on desalination and current generation was noticeable. Therefore, low Rint (67 Ω) MDC was used to select the optimum Rext when the optimal range was found to be Rext ≪ Rint, Rext < Rint, Rext ≈ Rint (ranging from 1-69 Ω) to achieve the highest desalination rates (10.41-8.59 mg/h). The results showed the superior effect of Rint on desalination rate before selecting the optimal range of Rext in the outer circuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadik Rahman
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman E-mail: ;
| | - Abdullah Al-Mamun
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman E-mail: ;
| | - Tahereh Jafary
- Process Engineering Department, International Maritime College, Sohar, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Halima Alhimali
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman E-mail: ;
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Modeling and simulation of the processes in desalination fuel cell fed with actual wetland brackish water. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-021-01546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
8
|
Salehmin MNI, Lim SS, Satar I, Daud WRW. Pushing microbial desalination cells towards field application: Prevailing challenges, potential mitigation strategies, and future prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143485. [PMID: 33279184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) have been experimentally proven as a versatile bioelectrochemical system (BES). They have the potential to alleviate environmental pollution, reduce water scarcity and save energy and operational costs. However, MDCs alone are inadequate to realise a complete wastewater and desalination treatment at a high-efficiency performance. The assembly of identical MDC units that hydraulically and electrically connected can improve the performance better than standalone MDCs. In the same manner, the coupling of MDCs with other BES or conventional water reclamation technology has also exhibits a promising performance. However, the scaling-up effort has been slowly progressing, leading to a lack of knowledge for guiding MDC technology into practicality. Many challenges remain unsolved and should be mitigated before MDCs can be fully implemented in real applications. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive chronological-based review that covers technological limitations and mitigation strategies, which have been developed for standalone MDCs. We extend our discussion on how assembled, coupled and scaled-up MDCs have improved in comparison with standalone and lab-scale MDC systems. This review also outlines the prevailing challenges and potential mitigation strategies for scaling-up based on large-scale specifications and evaluates the prospects of selected MDC systems to be integrated with conventional anaerobic digestion (AD) and reverse osmosis (RO). This review offers several recommendations to promote up-scaling studies guided by the pilot scale BES and existing water reclamation technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Swee Su Lim
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ibdal Satar
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan (UAD), 55166 Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wan Ramli Wan Daud
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu F, Moustafa H, El-Din Hassouna MS, He Z. Resource recovery from wastewater can be an application niche of microbial desalination cells. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105855. [PMID: 32559559 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) have been studied as an emerging technology to accomplish simultaneous wastewater treatment and saline water desalination. A good amount of effort has been invested to understand fundamental problems and develop functional systems of the MDC technology. However, a revisit of MDCs' desalination function reveals that the unique requirements like co-location of wastewater and saline water will greatly limit the application of this technology. In addition, the relatively low desalination rate of MDCs will result in a large reactor size and thus higher capital cost. Because of the need for wastewater (as a substrate for electricity generation), the MDC technology may have a promising niche of application for resource recovery from wastewater. A proper design of MDCs will allow the current-driven separation of ammonia, phosphorus, and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from wastewater for further recovery. Based on the literature data, we conduct a case study analysis of mass flow for MDC-based resource recovery and demonstrate the potential of this function. Resource recovery can be a new function of interest to MDCs and worth further exploration of its technical and economic feasibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fubin Liu
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Hanan Moustafa
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | | | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liaquat R, Mehmood T, Khoja AH, Iqbal N, Ejaz H, Mumtaz S. Investigating the potential of locally sourced wastewater as a feedstock of microbial desalination cell (MDC) for bioenergy production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:173-184. [PMID: 32870400 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater sources are limited and access to clean water is an acute challenge in recent decades. The sustainable water treatments methods are need of time and water desalination is one of the most interesting technology. Most desalination technologies are required high energy input while Microbial Desalination Cells (MDCs) represent a sustainable option that has added benefit of solving the ever-increasing wastewater treatment and management problem. MDCs are a customized type of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) that depend on the electric potential generated by organic media to decrease salt concentration by electro-dialysis and give an unconventional way of clean water production. In this research, various experiments were conducted to examine the desalination ability of an indigenously designed experimental setup using domestic wastewater inoculated with sewage sludge under identical conditions. The electrochemical properties of the system, comprising the polarization curve and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), were examined along with the scope of chemical oxygen demand (COD) exclusion, to distinguish the cell behaviour. Furthermore, acidic water and Phosphate Buffer Solution (PBS) were tested as potential catholytes compared to the performance of the wastewater was gauged at various salt concentrations. The maximum salt removal efficiency was 31%, power density and current density were 32 mW-m-2 and 246 mA-m-2 respectively at a salt concentration of 35 g-L-1 that decreases with a decline in salt concentration. The maximum achieved power density and current density were 32 mW-m-2 and 246 mA-m-2 respectively. The applied method has huge potential to scaleup for large scale application in coastal regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Liaquat
- U.S -Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), (44000) Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Tariq Mehmood
- U.S -Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), (44000) Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Hussain Khoja
- U.S -Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), (44000) Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Iqbal
- U.S -Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), (44000) Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haider Ejaz
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Sadia Mumtaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Bagh, Bagh, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Electricity Generation, Salt and Nitrogen Removal and Microbial Community in Aircathode Microbial Desalination Cell for Saline-Alkaline Soil-Washing Water Treatment. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12082257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An aircathode microbial desalination cell (AMDC) was successfully started by inoculating anaerobic sludge into the anode of a microbial desalination cell and then used to study the effects of salinity on performance of AMDC and effect of treatment of coastal saline-alkaline soil-washing water. The results showed that the desalination cycle and rate gradually shorten, but salt removal gradually increased when the salinity was decreased, and the highest salt removal was 98.00 ± 0.12% at a salinity of 5 g/L. COD removal efficiency was increased with the extension of operation cycle and largest removal efficiency difference was not significant, but the average coulomb efficiency had significant differences under the condition of each salinity. This indicates that salinity conditions have significant influence on salt removal and coulomb efficiency under the combined action of osmotic pressure, electric field action, running time and microbial activity, etc. On the contrary, COD removal effect has no significant differences under the condition of inoculation of the same substrate in the anode chamber. The salt removal reached 99.13 ± 2.1% when the AMDC experiment ended under the condition of washing water of coastal saline-alkaline soil was inserted in the desalination chamber. Under the action of osmotic pressure, ion migration, nitrification and denitrification, NH4+-N and NO3−-N in the washing water of the desalination chamber were removed, and this indicates that the microbial desalination cell can be used to treatment the washing water of coastal saline-alkaline soil. The microbial community and function of the anode electrode biofilm and desalination chamber were analyzed through high-throughput sequencing, and the power generation characteristics, organics degradation and migration and transformation pathways of nitrogen of the aircathode microbial desalination cell were further explained.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ma X, Li M, Feng C, He Z. Electrochemical nitrate removal with simultaneous magnesium recovery from a mimicked RO brine assisted by in situ chloride ions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:122085. [PMID: 31958611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction is effective to remove nitrate but byproducts such as ammonia and nitrite would need chloride addition for indirect oxidation to nitrogen gas. Herein, electrochemical nitrate reduction was investigated to remove nitrate from a mimicked reverse osmosis (RO) brine containing chloride that eliminates the need for external chloride addition. Both Cu/Zn and Ti nano cathodes exhibited the best performance of nitrate removal with >97 % removal in either Na2SO4 or NaCl electrolyte, although with different products. Complete nitrate reduction to nitrogen gas was realized in the RO brine whose complex composition decreased the electrode efficiency, for example from 71.4 ± 0.2%-49.4 ± 0.3 % with the Cu/Zn cathode after 5 cycles of operation. Magnesium was recovered at the same time of nitrate removal and the purity of Mg(II) could reach 96.8 ± 2.0 % after proper pH pre-treatment. In a preliminary adsorption study, a key byproduct - chlorate was reduced by 49.8 ± 2.7 % after 3-h adsorption by 100 g L-1 activated carbon. These results have demonstrated the simultaneous electrochemical nitrate removal and resource recovery from a complex water like a RO brine and provided new information such as byproduct management and electrode deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Ma
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA 24060, USA
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuanping Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA 24060, USA; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bio-Precipitation of Calcium and Magnesium Ions through Extracellular and Intracellular Process Induced by Bacillus Licheniformis SRB2. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9090526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Removal of calcium and magnesium ions through biomineralization induced by bacteria has been proven to be an effective and environmentally friendly method to improve water quality, but the process and mechanism are far from fully understood. In this study, a newly isolated probiotic Bacillus licheniformis SRB2 (GenBank: KM884945.1) was used to induce the bio-precipitation of calcium and magnesium at various Mg/Ca molar ratios (0, 6, 8, 10, and 12) in medium with 30 g L−1 sodium chloride. Due to the increasing pH and HCO3− and CO32− concentrations caused by NH3 and carbonic anhydrase, about 98% Ca2+ and 50% Mg2+ were precipitated in 12 days. The pathways of bio-precipitation include extracellular and intracellular processes. Biominerals with more negative δ13C values (−16‰ to −18‰) were formed including calcite, vaterite, monohydrocalcite, and nesquehonite with preferred orientation. The nucleation on extracellular polymeric substances was controlled by the negatively charged amino acids and organic functional groups. The intracellular amorphous inclusions containing calcium and magnesium also contributed to the bio-precipitation. This study reveals the process and mechanism of microbial desalination for the removal of calcium and magnesium, and provides some references to explain the formation of the nesquehonite and other carbonate minerals in a natural and ancient earth surface environment.
Collapse
|
14
|
Applications of Emerging Bioelectrochemical Technologies in Agricultural Systems: A Current Review. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11112951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are emerging energy-effective and environment-friendly technologies. Different applications of BESs are able to effectively minimize wastes and treat wastewater while simultaneously recovering electricity, biohydrogen and other value-added chemicals via specific redox reactions. Although there are many studies that have greatly advanced the performance of BESs over the last decade, research and reviews on agriculture-relevant applications of BESs are very limited. Considering the increasing demand for food, energy and water due to human population expansion, novel technologies are urgently needed to promote productivity and sustainability in agriculture. Methodology: This review study is based on an extensive literature search regarding agriculture-related BES studies mainly in the last decades (i.e., 2009–2018). The databases used in this review study include Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science. The current and future applications of bioelectrochemical technologies in agriculture have been discussed. Findings/Conclusions: BESs have the potential to recover considerable amounts of electric power and energy chemicals from agricultural wastes and wastewater. The recovered energy can be used to reduce the energy input into agricultural systems. Other resources and value-added chemicals such as biofuels, plant nutrients and irrigation water can also be produced in BESs. In addition, BESs may replace unsustainable batteries to power remote sensors or be designed as biosensors for agricultural monitoring. The possible applications to produce food without sunlight and remediate contaminated soils using BESs have also been discussed. At the same time, agricultural wastes can also be processed into construction materials or biochar electrodes/electrocatalysts for reducing the high costs of current BESs. Future studies should evaluate the long-term performance and stability of on-farm BES applications.
Collapse
|
15
|
Perazzoli S, Bastos RB, Santana FB, Soares HM. Biological fuel cells produce bioelectricity with in-situ brackish water purification. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:301-309. [PMID: 30101765 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological fuel cells, namely microbial desalination cells (MDCs) are a promising alternative to traditional desalination technologies, as microorganisms can convert the energy stored in wastewater directly into electricity and utilize it in situ to drive desalination, producing a high-quality reuse water. However, there are several challenges to be overcome in order to scale up from laboratory research. This study was conducted in order to better understand the performance of MDCs inoculated with marine sediments during the treatment of brackish water (5.0 g L-1 of NaCl) under three different configurations and cycles of desalination, envisaging the future treatment of saline wastewaters with conductivities lower than 10 mS cm-1. Results have shown that by increasing the desalination cycle three times, the efficiency of salt removal was improved by 3.4, 2.4 and 2.3 times for 1-MDC, 3-MDC, and 5-MDC, respectively. The same trend was observed for electrochemical data. Findings encourage further development of the MDC for sustainable brackish water and wastewater purification and future on-site utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Perazzoli
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88034-001, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Renan B Bastos
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS 95500-000, Brazil
| | - Fabrício B Santana
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS 95500-000, Brazil
| | - Hugo M Soares
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88034-001, Brazil E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ebrahimi A, Yousefi Kebria D, Darzi GN. Improving bioelectricity generation and COD removal of sewage sludge in microbial desalination cell. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:1188-1197. [PMID: 28443368 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1323958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Improving wastewater treatment process and water desalination are two important solutions for increasing the available supply of fresh water. Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) with common electrolytes display relatively low organic matter removal and high cost. In this study, sewage sludge was used as the substrate in the Microbial desalination cell (MDC) under three different initial salt concentrations (5, 20 and 35 g.L-1) and the maximum salt removal rates of 50.6%, 64% and 69.6% were obtained under batch condition, respectively. The MDC also produced the maximum power density of 47.1 W m-3 and the averaged chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 58.2 ± 0.89% when the initial COD was 6610 ± 83 mg L-1. Employing treated sludge as catholyte enhanced COD removal and power density to 87.3% and 54.4 W m-3, respectively, with counterbalancing pH variation in treated effluent. These promising results showed, for the first time, that the excess sewage sludge obtained from biological wastewater treatment plants could be successfully used as anolyte and catholyte in MDC, achieving organic matter biodegradation along with salt removal and energy production. In addition, using treated sludge as catholyte will improve the performance of MDC and introduce a more effective method for both sludge treatment and desalination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Ebrahimi
- a Environmental Engineering Department , Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology , Babol , Iran
| | - Daryoush Yousefi Kebria
- a Environmental Engineering Department , Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology , Babol , Iran
| | - Ghasem Najafpour Darzi
- b Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering , Babol Noshirvani University of Technology , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zou S, He Z. Efficiently "pumping out" value-added resources from wastewater by bioelectrochemical systems: A review from energy perspectives. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 131:62-73. [PMID: 29274548 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) can accomplish simultaneous wastewater treatment and resource recovery via interactions between microbes and electrodes. Often deemed as "energy efficient" technologies, BES have not been well evaluated for their energy performance, such as energy production and consumption. In this work, we have conducted a review and analysis of energy balance in BES with parameters like normalized energy recovery, specific energy consumption, and net energy production. Several BES representatives based on their functions were selected for analysis, including direct electricity generation in microbial fuel cells, hydrogen production in microbial electrolysis cells, nitrogen recovery in BES, chemical production in microbial electrosynthesis cells, and desalination in microbial desalination cells. Energy performance was normalized to water volume (kWh m-3), organic removal (kWh kg COD-1), nitrogen recovery (kWh kg N-1), chemical production (kWh kg-1), or removed salt during desalination (kWh kg-1). The key operating factors such as pumping system (recirculation/feeding pumps) and external power supply were discussed for their effects on energy performance. This is an in-depth analysis of energy performance of various BES and expected to encourage more thinking, analysis, and presentation of energy data towards appropriate research and development of BES technology for resource recovery from wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Zou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zuo K, Chen M, Liu F, Xiao K, Zuo J, Cao X, Zhang X, Liang P, Huang X. Coupling microfiltration membrane with biocathode microbial desalination cell enhances advanced purification and long-term stability for treatment of domestic wastewater. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
19
|
In situ utilization of generated electricity for nutrient recovery in urine treatment using a selective electrodialysis membrane bioreactor. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Ebrahimi A, Yousefi Kebria D, Najafpour Darzi G. Enhancing biodegradation and energy generation via roughened surface graphite electrode in microbial desalination cell. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:1206-1214. [PMID: 28876262 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbial desalination cell (MDC) is known as a newly developed technology for water and wastewater treatment. In this study, desalination rate, organic matter removal and energy production in the reactors with and without desalination function were compared. Herein, a new design of plain graphite called roughened surface graphite (RSG) was used as the anode electrode in both microbial fuel cell (MFC) and MDC reactors for the first time. Among the three type of anode electrodes investigated in this study, RSG electrode produced the highest power density and salt removal rate of 10.81 W/m3 and 77.6%, respectively. Such a power density was 2.33 times higher than the MFC reactor due to the junction potential effect. In addition, adding the desalination function to the MFC reactor enhanced columbic efficiency from 21.8 to 31.4%. These results provided a proof-of-concept that the use of MDC instead of MFC would improve wastewater treatment efficiency and power generation, with an added benefit of water desalination. Furthermore, RSG can successfully be employed in an MDC or MFC, enhancing the bio-electricity generation and salt removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Ebrahimi
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Shariati Avenue, Babol Iran, 47148-71167 E-mail:
| | - Daryoush Yousefi Kebria
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Shariati Avenue, Babol Iran, 47148-71167 E-mail:
| | - Ghasem Najafpour Darzi
- Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zou S, He Z. Electrolysis-assisted mitigation of reverse solute flux in a three-chamber forward osmosis system. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 115:111-119. [PMID: 28259812 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) has been widely studied for desalination or water recovery from wastewater, and one of its key challenges for practical applications is reverse solute flux (RSF). RSF can cause loss of draw solutes, salinity build-up and undesired contamination at the feed side. In this study, in-situ electrolysis was employed to mitigate RSF in a three-chamber FO system ("e-FO") with Na2SO4 as a draw solute and deionized (DI) water as a feed. Operation parameters including applied voltage, membrane orientation and initial draw concentrations were systematically investigated to optimize the e-FO performance and reduce RSF. Applying a voltage of 1.5 V achieved a RSF of 6.78 ± 0.55 mmol m-2 h-1 and a specific RSF of 0.138 ± 0.011 g L-1 in the FO mode and with 1 M Na2SO4 as the draw, rendering ∼57% reduction of solute leakage compared to the control without the applied voltage. The reduced RSF should be attributed to constrained ion migration induced by the coactions of electric dragging force (≥1.5 V) and high solute rejection of the FO membrane. Reducing the intensity of the solution recirculation from 60 to 10 mL min-1 significantly reduced specific energy consumption of the e-FO system from 0.693 ± 0.127 to 0.022 ± 0.004 kWh m-3 extracted water or from 1.103 ± 0.059 to 0.044 ± 0.002 kWh kg-1 reduced reversed solute. These results have demonstrated that the electrolysis-assisted RSF mitigation could be an energy-efficient method for controlling RSF towards sustainable FO applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Zou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jain P, Sharma M, Dureja P, Sarma PM, Lal B. Bioelectrochemical approaches for removal of sulfate, hydrocarbon and salinity from produced water. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 166:96-108. [PMID: 27689889 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Produced water (PW) is the largest liquid waste stream generated during the exploration and drilling process of both the conventional hydrocarbon based resources like crude oil and natural gas, as well as the new fossil resources like shale gas and coal bed methane. Resource management, efficient utilization of the water resources, and water purification protocols are the conventionally used treatment methods applied to either treat or utilize the generated PW. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these conventional PW treatment strategies with special emphasises on electrochemical treatment. Key considerations associated with these approaches for efficient treatment of PW are also discussed. After a thorough assessment of the salient features of these treatment platforms, we propose a new strategy of uniquely integrating bioelectrochemical processes with biological system for more effective PW treatment and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Jain
- TERI University, 10, Institutional Area, VasantKunj, New Delhi, India; The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohita Sharma
- The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Prem Dureja
- The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Banwari Lal
- TERI University, 10, Institutional Area, VasantKunj, New Delhi, India; The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ping Q, Abu-Reesh IM, He Z. Mathematical modeling based evaluation and simulation of boron removal in bioelectrochemical systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:1380-1389. [PMID: 27387806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Boron removal is an arising issue in desalination plants due to boron's toxicity. As an emerging treatment concept, bioelectrochemical systems (BES) can achieve potentially cost-effective boron removal by taking advantage of cathodic-produced alkali. Prior studies have demonstrated successful removal of boron in microbial desalination cells (MDCs) and microbial fuel cells (MFCs), both of which are representative BES. Herein, mathematical models were developed to further evaluate boron removal by different BES and understand the key operating factors. The models delivered very good prediction of the boron concentration in the MDC integrated with Donnan Dialysis (DD) system with the lowest relative root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.00%; the predication of the MFC performance generated the highest RMSE of 18.55%. The model results of salt concentration, solution pH, and current generation were well fitted with experimental data for RMSE values mostly below 10%. The long term simulation of the MDC-DD system suggests that the accumulation of salt in the catholyte/stripping solution could have a positive impact on the removal of boron due to osmosis-driven convection. The current generation in the MDC may have little influence on the boron removal, while in the MFC the current-driven electromigration can contribute up to 40% of boron removal. Osmosis-induced convection transport of boron could be the major driving force for boron removal to a low level <2mgL(-1). The ratio between the anolyte and the catholyte flow rates should be kept >22.2 in order to avoid boron accumulation in the anolyte effluent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Ping
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ibrahim M Abu-Reesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lu Y, Abu-Reesh IM, He Z. Treatment and desalination of domestic wastewater for water reuse in a four-chamber microbial desalination cell. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:17236-17245. [PMID: 27221464 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) have been studied for contaminant removal from wastewater and salinity reduction in saline water. However, in an MDC wastewater treatment and desalination occurs in different streams, and high salinity of the treated wastewater creates challenges for wastewater reuse. Herein, a single-stream MDC (SMDC) with four chambers was developed for simultaneous organic removal and desalination in the same synthetic wastewater. This SMDC could achieve a desalination rate of 12.2-31.5 mg L(-1) h(-1) and remove more than 90 % of the organics and 75 % of NH4 (+)-N; the pH imbalance between the anode and cathode chambers was also reduced. Several strategies such as controlling catholyte pH, increasing influent COD concentration, adopting the batch mode, applying external voltage, and increasing the alkalinity of wastewater were investigated for improving the SMDC performance. Under a condition of 0.4 V external voltage, anolyte pH adjustment, and a batch mode, the SMDC decreased the wastewater salinity from 1.45 to below 0.75 mS cm(-1), which met the salinity standard of wastewater for irrigation. Those results encourage further development of the SMDC technology for sustainable wastewater treatment and reuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaobin Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ibrahim M Abu-Reesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen X, Liang P, Zhang X, Huang X. Bioelectrochemical systems-driven directional ion transport enables low-energy water desalination, pollutant removal, and resource recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 215:274-284. [PMID: 26961714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are integrated water treatment technologies that generate electricity using organic matter in wastewater. In situ use of bioelectricity can direct the migration of ionic substances in a BES, thereby enabling water desalination, resource recovery, and valuable substance production. Recently, much attention has been placed on the microbial desalination cells in BESs to drive water desalination, and various configurations have optimized electricity generation and desalination performance and also coupled hydrogen production, heavy metal reduction, and other reactions. In addition, directional transport of other types of charged ions can remediate polluted groundwater, recover nutrient, and produce valuable substances. To better promote the practical application, the use of BESs as directional drivers of ionic substances requires further optimization to improve energy use efficiency and treatment efficacy. This article reviews existing researches on BES-driven directional ion transport to treat wastewater and identifies a few key factors involved in efficiency optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zuo K, Wang Z, Chen X, Zhang X, Zuo J, Liang P, Huang X. Self-Driven Desalination and Advanced Treatment of Wastewater in a Modularized Filtration Air Cathode Microbial Desalination Cell. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:7254-7262. [PMID: 27269411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) extract organic energy from wastewater for in situ desalination of saline water. However, to desalinate salt water, traditional MDCs often require an anolyte (wastewater) and a catholyte (other synthetic water) to produce electricity. Correspondingly, the traditional MDCs also produced anode effluent and cathode effluent, and may produce a concentrate solution, resulting in a low production of diluate. In this study, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube membranes and Pt carbon cloths were utilized as filtration material and cathode to fabricate a modularized filtration air cathode MDC (F-MDC). With real wastewater flowing from anode to cathode, and finally to the middle membrane stack, the diluate volume production reached 82.4%, with the removal efficiency of salinity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reached 93.6% and 97.3% respectively. The final diluate conductivity was 68 ± 12 μS/cm, and the turbidity was 0.41 NTU, which were sufficient for boiler supplementary or industrial cooling. The concentrate production was only 17.6%, and almost all the phosphorus and salt, and most of the nitrogen were recovered, potentially allowing the recovery of nutrients and other chemicals. These results show the potential utility of the modularized F-MDC in the application of municipal wastewater advanced treatment and self-driven desalination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuichang Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Jiaolan Zuo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yuan H, Abu-Reesh IM, He Z. Mathematical modeling assisted investigation of forward osmosis as pretreatment for microbial desalination cells to achieve continuous water desalination and wastewater treatment. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
28
|
A Review of Modeling Bioelectrochemical Systems: Engineering and Statistical Aspects. ENERGIES 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/en9020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
29
|
Ping Q, Porat O, Dosoretz CG, He Z. Bioelectricity inhibits back diffusion from the anolyte into the desalinated stream in microbial desalination cells. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:266-273. [PMID: 26512804 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) taking advantage of energy in wastewater to drive desalination represent a promising approach for energy-efficient desalination, but concerns arise whether contaminants in wastewater could enter the desalinated stream across ion exchange membranes. Such back diffusion of contaminants from the anolyte into the desalinated stream could be controlled by two mechanisms, Donnan effect and molecule transport. This study attempted to understand those mechanisms for inorganic and organic compounds in MDCs through two independently conducted experiments. Donnan effect was found to be the dominant mechanism under the condition without current generation. Under open circuit condition, the MDC fed with 5 g L(-1) salt solution exhibited 1.9 ± 0.7%, 10.3 ± 1.3%, and 1.8 ± 1.2% back diffusion of acetic, phosphate, and sulfate ions, respectively. Current generation effectively suppressed Donnan effect from 68.2% to 7.2%, and then molecule transport became more responsible for back diffusion. A higher initial salt concentration (35 g L(-1)) and a shorter HRT (1.0 d) led to the highest concentration gradient, resulting in the most back diffusion of 7.1 ± 1.2% and 6.8 ± 3.1% of phosphate and sulfate ions, respectively. Three representative organic compounds were selected for test, and it was found that organic back diffusion was intensified with a higher salt concentration gradient and molecular weight played an important role in compound movement. Principal component analysis confirmed the negative correlation between Donnan effect and current, and the positive correlation between molecule transport and concentration gradient related conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Ping
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Oded Porat
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Carlos G Dosoretz
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Qin M, Molitor H, Brazil B, Novak JT, He Z. Recovery of nitrogen and water from landfill leachate by a microbial electrolysis cell-forward osmosis system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:485-92. [PMID: 26519701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A microbial electrolysis cell (MEC)-forward osmosis (FO) system was previously reported for recovering ammonium and water from synthetic solutions, and here it has been advanced with treating landfill leachate. In the MEC, 65.7±9.1% of ammonium could be recovered in the presence of cathode aeration. Without aeration, the MEC could remove 54.1±10.9% of ammonium from the leachate, but little ammonia was recovered. With 2M NH4HCO3 as the draw solution, the FO process achieved 51% water recovery from the MEC anode effluent in 3.5-h operation, higher than that from the raw leachate. The recovered ammonia was used as a draw solute in the FO for successful water recovery from the treated leachate. Despite the challenges with treating returning solution from the FO, this MEC-FO system has demonstrated the potential for resource recovery from wastes, and provide a new solution for sustainable leachate management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Hannah Molitor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Platteville, Platteville, WI 53818, United States
| | - Brian Brazil
- Waste Management, Gaithersburg, MD 20882, United States
| | - John T Novak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
| |
Collapse
|