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Phyu K, Zhi S, Liang J, Chang CC, Liu J, Cao Y, Wang H, Zhang K. Microalgal-bacterial consortia for the treatment of livestock wastewater: Removal of pollutants, interaction mechanisms, influencing factors, and prospects for application. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123864. [PMID: 38554837 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The livestock sector is responsible for a significant amount of wastewater globally. The microalgal-bacterial consortium (MBC) treatment has gained increasing attention as it is able to eliminate pollutants to yield value-added microalgal products. This review offers a critical discussion of the source of pollutants from livestock wastewater and the environmental impact of these pollutants. It also discusses the interactions between microalgae and bacteria in treatment systems and natural habitats in detail. The effects on MBC on the removal of various pollutants (conventional and emerging) are highlighted, focusing specifically on analysis of the removal mechanisms. Notably, the various influencing factors are classified into internal, external, and operating factors, and the mutual feedback relationships between them and the target (removal efficiency and biomass) have been thoroughly analysed. Finally, a wastewater recycling treatment model based on MBC is proposed for the construction of a green livestock farm, and the application value of various microalgal products has been analysed. The overall aim was to indicate that the use of MBC can provide cost-effective and eco-friendly approaches for the treatment of livestock wastewater, thereby advancing the path toward a promising microalgal-bacterial-based technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- KhinKhin Phyu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, PR China.
| | - Suli Zhi
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Junfeng Liang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Chein-Chi Chang
- Washington D.C. Water and Sewer Authority, Ellicott City, MD, 21042, USA.
| | - Jiahua Liu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, PR China.
| | - Yuang Cao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, PR China.
| | - Han Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, PR China.
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Occhipinti PS, Russo N, Foti P, Zingale IM, Pino A, Romeo FV, Randazzo CL, Caggia C. Current challenges of microalgae applications: exploiting the potential of non-conventional microalgae species. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3823-3833. [PMID: 37971887 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The intensified attention to health, the growth of an elderly population, the changing lifestyles, and the medical discoveries have increased demand for natural and nutrient-rich foods, shaping the popularity of microalgae products. Microalgae thanks to their metabolic versatility represent a promising solution for a 'green' economy, exploiting non-arable land, non-potable water, capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) and solar energy. The interest in microalgae is justified by their high content of bioactive molecules, such as amino acids, peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, polysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids (as ω-3 fatty acids), pigments (as β-carotene, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, phycocyanin, zeaxanthin and lutein), or mineral elements. Such molecules are of interest for human and animal nutrition, cosmetic and biofuel production, for which microalgae are potential renewable sources. Microalgae, also, represent effective biological systems for treating a variety of wastewaters and can be used as a CO2 mitigation approach, helping to combat greenhouse gases and global warming emergencies. Recently a growing interest has focused on extremophilic microalgae species, which are easier to cultivate axenically and represent good candidates for open pond cultivation. In some cases, the cultivation and/or harvesting systems are still immature, but novel techniques appear as promising solutions to overcome such barriers. This review provides an overview on the actual microalgae cultivation systems and the current state of their biotechnological applications to obtain high value compounds or ingredients. Moreover, potential and future research opportunities for environment, human and animal benefits are pointed out. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nunziatina Russo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna srl, Spin off University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Foti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Irene Maria Zingale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna srl, Spin off University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Flora Valeria Romeo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Acireale, Italy
| | - Cinzia L Randazzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna srl, Spin off University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- CERNUT, Interdepartmental Research Center in Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna srl, Spin off University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- CERNUT, Interdepartmental Research Center in Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Ghaffar I, Deepanraj B, Sundar LS, Vo DVN, Saikumar A, Hussain A. A review on the sustainable procurement of microalgal biomass from wastewaters for the production of biofuels. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137094. [PMID: 36334745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of microalgal biomass as one of the most promising and renewable sources for the production of biofuels is being studied extensively. Microalgal biomass can be cultivated under photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, photoheterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation conditions. Photoautotrophic cultivation is the most common way of microalgal biomass production. Under mixotrophic cultivation, microalgae can utilize both organic carbon and CO2 simultaneously. Mixotrophic cultivation depicts higher biomass productivity as compared to photoautotrophic cultivation. It is evident from the literature that mixotrophic cultivation yields higher quantities of polyunsaturated fatty acids as compared to that photoautotrophic cultivation. In this context, for economical biomass production, the organic carbon of industrial wastewaters can be valorized for the mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae. Following the way, contaminants' load of wastewaters can be reduced while concomitantly producing highly productive microalgal biomass. This review focuses on different aspects covering the sustainable cultivation of different microalgal species in different types of wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imania Ghaffar
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Balakrishnan Deepanraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lingala Syam Sundar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Algam Saikumar
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ali Hussain
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Utility of fatty acid profile and in vitro immune cell activation for chemical and biological standardization of Arthrospira/Limnospira. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15657. [PMID: 36123360 PMCID: PMC9485217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercially cultivated Limnospira (species formerly classified to genus Arthrospira) is a popular food/supplement consumed by millions of people worldwide for health benefits. The objective of the current research was to advance the standardization technology for Limnospira. Quantitative methods were established to detect fatty acids as potential chemical markers and immune-enhancing activity. Analysis of 20 different batches of biomass obtained from one commercial grower demonstrated that there was a statistically significant relationship between the sum of two fatty acids (linoleic and γ-linolenic) and Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/TLR1-dependent activation (R2 = 0.48, p = 0.0007). Investigation of 12 biomass samples sourced from growers in 10 different countries demonstrated that fatty acid content was again significantly correlated with biological activity (R2 = 0.72, p = 0.0005) and the content of fatty acids varied by twofold and activity by 12.5-fold. This large variation between different samples confirms the need to use the present standardization methods to ensure consistent and properly characterized biomass for consumers and for future scientific research.
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Ahmad I, Ibrahim NNB, Abdullah N, Koji I, Mohama SE, Khoo KS, Cheah WY, Ling TC, Show PL. Bioremediation strategies of palm oil mill effluent and landfill leachate using microalgae cultivation: An approach contributing towards environmental sustainability. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Melo JM, Ribeiro MR, Telles TS, Amaral HF, Andrade DS. Microalgae cultivation in wastewater from agricultural industries to benefit next generation of bioremediation: a bibliometric analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:22708-22720. [PMID: 34797540 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide a bibliometric analysis and mapping of existing scientific papers, focusing on microalgae cultivation coupled with biomass production and bioremediation of wastewater from agricultural industries, including cassava, dairy, and coffee. Using the Web of Science (WoS) database for the period 1996-2021, a search was performed using a keyword strategy, aiming at segregating the papers in groups. For the first search step, the keywords "wastewater treatment", AND "microalgae", AND "cassava" OR "dairy" OR "coffee" were used, resulting in 59 papers. For the second step, the keywords "wastewater treatment" AND "biomass productivity" AND "microalgae" AND "economic viability" OR "environmental impacts" were used, which resulted in 34 articles. In these papers, keywords such as "carbon dioxide biofixation" and "removal of nutrients by the production of biomass by microalgae" followed by "environmental and economic impacts" were highlighted. Some of these papers presented an analysis of the economic feasibility of the process, which reveal the state-of-the-art setup required to make the cultivation of microalgae economically viable. Researches focusing on the efficiency of microalgae biomass harvesting are needed to improve the integration of microalgae production in industrial eco-parks using wastewater to achieve the global goal of bioremediation and clean alternatives for renewable energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Muniz Melo
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IAPAR-EMATER, Rod Celso Garcia Cid, km 375, P. O. Box 1030, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86047-902, Brazil
| | - Marina Ronchesel Ribeiro
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IAPAR-EMATER, Rod Celso Garcia Cid, km 375, P. O. Box 1030, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86047-902, Brazil
| | - Tiago Santos Telles
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IAPAR-EMATER, Rod Celso Garcia Cid, km 375, P. O. Box 1030, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86047-902, Brazil
| | | | - Diva Souza Andrade
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IAPAR-EMATER, Rod Celso Garcia Cid, km 375, P. O. Box 1030, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86047-902, Brazil.
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Geng Y, Cui D, Yang L, Xiong Z, Pavlostathis SG, Shao P, Zhang Y, Luo X, Luo S. Resourceful treatment of harsh high-nitrogen rare earth element tailings (REEs) wastewater by carbonate activated Chlorococcum sp. microalgae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127000. [PMID: 34461547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of rare earth element (REE) tailings wastewater results in serious ecological deterioration and health risk, due to high ammonia nitrogen, and strong acidity. The low C/N ratio makes it recalcitrant to biodegradation. Recently it has been shown that microalgal technology has a promising potential for the simultaneous harsh wastewater treatment and resource recovery. However, the low nitrogen removal rate and less biomass of microalgae restricted its development. In this work, Chlorococcum sp. was successfully isolated from the rare earth mine effluent. The microalgae was capable of enhancing nitrogen contaminants removal from REEs wastewater due to the carbonate addition, which simulated the activity increase of carbonic anhydrase (CA). The total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal rate reached 4.45 mg/L h-1, which compared to other microalgal species, the nitrogen removal rate and biomass yield were 7.8- and 4.9-fold higher, respectively. Notably, high lipid contents (mainly triglycerides, 43.85% of dry weight) and a high biomass yield were obtained. Meanwhile, the microalgae had an excellent settleability attributed to higher extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) formation, leading to easier resource harvest. These results were further confirmed in a continuous-flow photobioreactor with a stable operation for more than 30 days, indicating its potential for application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Geng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Dan Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liming Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China.
| | - Zhensheng Xiong
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Spyros G Pavlostathis
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0512, USA
| | - Penghui Shao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Yakun Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Xubiao Luo
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China.
| | - Shenglian Luo
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
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Praveen K, Abinandan S, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Sustainability Evaluation of Immobilized Acid-Adapted Microalgal Technology in Acid Mine Drainage Remediation following Emergy and Carbon Footprint Analysis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27031015. [PMID: 35164279 PMCID: PMC8839157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sustainability evaluation of wastewater treatment helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as it emphasizes the development of green technologies and optimum resource use rather than the end-of-pipe treatment. The conventional approaches for treating acid mine drainages (AMDs) are efficient; however, they need enormous amounts of energy, making them less sustainable and causing greater environmental concern. We recently demonstrated the potential of immobilized acid-adapted microalgal technology for AMD remediation. Here, this novel approach has been evaluated following emergy and carbon footprint analysis for its sustainability in AMD treatment. Our results showed that imported energy inputs contributed significantly (>90%) to the overall emergy and were much lower than in passive and active treatment systems. The microalgal treatment required 2–15 times more renewable inputs than the other two treatment systems. Additionally, the emergy indices indicated higher environmental loading ratio and lower per cent renewability, suggesting the need for adequate renewable inputs in the immobilized microalgal system. The emergy yield ratio for biodiesel production from the microalgal biomass after AMD treatment was >1.0, which indicates a better emergy return on total emergy spent. Based on greenhouse gas emissions, carbon footprint analysis (CFA), was performed using default emission factors, in accordance with the IPCC standards and the National Greenhouse Energy Reporting (NGER) program of Australia. Interestingly, CFA of acid-adapted microalgal technology revealed significant greenhouse gas emissions due to usage of various construction materials as per IPCC, while SCOPE 2 emissions from purchased electricity were evident as per NGER. Our findings indicate that the immobilized microalgal technology is highly sustainable in AMD treatment, and its potential could be realized further by including solar energy into the overall treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppan Praveen
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), ATC Building, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Sudharsanam Abinandan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), ATC Building, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.P.); (S.A.)
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu 515003, India;
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), ATC Building, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.P.); (S.A.)
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Ahmad A, Banat F, Alsafar H, Hasan SW. Algae biotechnology for industrial wastewater treatment, bioenergy production, and high-value bioproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150585. [PMID: 34597562 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A growing world population is causing hazardous compounds to form at an increasingly rapid rate, calling for ecological action. Wastewater management and treatment is an expensive process that requires appropriate integration technology to make it more feasible and cost-effective. Algae are of great interest as potential feedstocks for various applications, including environmental sustainability, biofuel production, and the manufacture of high-value bioproducts. Bioremediation with microalgae is a potential approach to reduce wastewater pollution. The need for effective nutrient recovery, greenhouse gas reduction, wastewater treatment, and biomass reuse has led to a wide interest in the use of microalgae for wastewater treatment. Furthermore, algae biomass can be used to produce bioenergy and high-value bioproducts. The use of microalgae as medicine (production of bioactive and medicinal compounds), biofuels, biofertilizers, and food additives has been explored by researchers around the world. Technological and economic barriers currently prevent the commercial use of algae, and optimal downstream processes are needed to reduce production costs. Therefore, the simultaneous use of microalgae for wastewater treatment and biofuel production could be an economical approach to address these issues. This article provides an overview of algae and their application in bioremediation, bioenergy production, and bioactive compound production. It also highlights the current problems and opportunities in the algae-based sector, which has recently become quite promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shadi W Hasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Current trends and next generation of future edible oils. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Muniz GL, Borges AC, da Silva TCF, Batista RO, de Castro SR. Chemically enhanced primary treatment of dairy wastewater using chitosan obtained from shrimp wastes: optimization using a Doehlert matrix design. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:237-254. [PMID: 32544037 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1783372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dairy operations generate large volumes of polluted wastewater that require treatment prior to discharge. Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) is a widely utilized wastewater treatment strategy; but it requires the use of non-biodegradable coagulants that can lead to toxic-byproducts. In this study, chitin from shrimp shell waste is extracted and converted into chitosan. Chitosan was demonstrated to be a natural, low-cost alternative coagulant compatible with the CEPT. Following treatment, dissolved air flotation allowed for the removal of turbidity, COD, and UV254 from the synthetic dairy effluent (SDE). Doehlert matrix was used to optimize the chitosan dosage and pH of the CEPT; as well as to model the process. The mechanisms behind the coagulation-flocculation were revealed using zeta potential analysis. FTIR spectroscopy was utilized to confirm the functional groups present on the chitosan. Chitosan with a degree of deacetylation equal to 81% was obtained. A chitosan dose of 73.34 mg/L at pH 5.00 was found to be optimal for the removal of pollutants. Removals of COD, turbidity and UV254 were 77.5%, 97.6%, and 88.8%, respectively. The amount of dry sludge generated to treat 1 m³ of SDE was 0.041 kg. Coagulation-flocculation mechanisms involved in chitosan-mediated treatment of SDE involve the neutralization of electrostatic charges carried on the amine groups present in cationic chitosan at pH 5.00. Doehlert matrix proved to be a useful tool in optimizing parameters throughout the coagulation-flocculation process. Chitosan from shrimp waste is a low-cost, eco-friendly coagulant alternative for the removal pollutants from dairy effluent using the CEPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Lopes Muniz
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Campinas State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson Carraro Borges
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Oliveira Batista
- Department of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid., Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Simone Ramos de Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Campinas State University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silveira CF, Assis LRD, Oliveira APDS, Calijuri ML. Valorization of swine wastewater in a circular economy approach: Effects of hydraulic retention time on microalgae cultivation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147861. [PMID: 34049147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To optimize the swine wastewater (SWW) treatment, this study investigated different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) for microalgae cultivation. For this purpose, five pilot-scale reactors operated in semi-continuous flow, with HRTs equal to 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 days were evaluated in terms of SWW polishing and biomass production. The effluent treatment was discussed accompanied by principal component analysis, which allowed identification of causes of variance in the data set, ideal for studies with real effluent and influenced by environmental conditions. All reactors show satisfactory removals of N-NH4+ (91.6-95.3%), COD (15.8-39.9%), DO increment (in average 7.5 mg O2/L) and, only the longest HRT (21 days) was able to remove Ps (21%). The results obtained indicated that a consortium of microalgae and bacteria was developed for all the tested HRTs. On the other hand, HRT = 12 days provided a healthier culture of photosynthesizing organisms (chl-a/VSS = 3.04%). Carbohydrates (20.8-31.3%) and proteins (2.7-16.2%) were the compounds of commercial interest in the highest proportion in the biomass of all reactors, with contents comparable to that of terrestrial crops. Thus, it was suggested a valorization route of these compounds of high added value to return to pig farming, where the nutrients were intended to supplement the swine feed and clarified water for cleaning the pig stalls. Thus, in the circular economy context, this research contributes to water footprint reduction and the sustainability of the pig farming production chain. The economic and environmental analysis of the route is suggested to enable its implementation on a large scale, as well as further technical feasibility research (reactor types, exposure to external environment, evaluation of pathogen removal and animal feed supplementation from SWW microalgae biomass).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Lúcia Calijuri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Gao K, Liu Q, Gao Z, Xue C, Qian P, Dong J, Gao Z, Deng X. A dilution strategy used to enhance nutrient removal and biomass production of Chlorella sorokiniana in frigon wastewater. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Duque AF, Campo R, Val del Rio A, Amorim CL. Wastewater Valorization: Practice around the World at Pilot- and Full-Scale. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189466. [PMID: 34574414 PMCID: PMC8472693 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been rebranded as water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs), which recognize the resource recovery potential that exists in wastewater streams. WRRFs contribute to a circular economy by not only producing clean water but by recovering valuable resources such as nutrients, energy, and other bio-based materials. To this aim, huge efforts in technological progress have been made to valorize sewage and sewage sludge, transforming them into valuable resources. This review summarizes some of the widely used and effective strategies applied at pilot- and full-scale settings in order to valorize the wastewater treatment process. An overview of the different technologies applied in the water and sludge line is presented, covering a broad range of resources, i.e., water, biomass, energy, nutrients, volatile fatty acids (VFA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and exopolymeric substances (EPS). Moreover, guidelines and regulations around the world related to water reuse and resource valorization are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk F. Duque
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Lisboa, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Riccardo Campo
- DICEA—Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via di S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Angeles Val del Rio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CRETUS Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, E-15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Catarina L. Amorim
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-226-196-200
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15
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Chong JWR, Yew GY, Khoo KS, Ho SH, Show PL. Recent advances on food waste pretreatment technology via microalgae for source of polyhydroxyalkanoates. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112782. [PMID: 34052610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible polyester which are biosynthesized from the intracellular cells of microalgae through the cultivation of organic food waste medium. Before cultivation process, food waste must undergo several pre-treatment techniques such as chemical, biological, physical or mechanical in order to solubilize complex food waste matter into simpler micro- and macronutrients in which allow bio-valorisation of microalgae and food waste compound during the cultivation process. This work reviews four microalgae genera namely Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Spirulina, and Botryococcus, are selected as suitable species due to rapid growth rate, minimal nutrient requirement, greater adaptability and flexibility prior to lower the overall production cost and maximized the production of PHAs. This study also focuses on the different mode of cultivation for the accumulation of PHAs followed by cell wall destabilization, extraction, and purification. Nonetheless, this review provides future insights into enhancing the productivity of bioplastic derived from microalgae towards low-cost, large-scale, and higher productivity of PHAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei Roy Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P.R. China; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Guo Yong Yew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P.R. China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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16
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Leong YK, Chew KW, Chen WH, Chang JS, Show PL. Reuniting the Biogeochemistry of Algae for a Low-Carbon Circular Bioeconomy. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:729-740. [PMID: 33461869 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Given their advantages of high photosynthetic efficiency and non-competition with land-based crops, algae, that are carbon-hungry and sunlight-driven microbial factories, are a promising solution to resolve energy crisis, food security, and pollution problems. The ability to recycle nutrient and CO2 fixation from waste sources makes algae a valuable feedstock for biofuels, food and feeds, biochemicals, and biomaterials. Innovative technologies such as the bicarbonate-based integrated carbon capture and algae production system (BICCAPS), integrated algal bioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS), as well as ocean macroalgal afforestation (OMA), can be used to realize a low-carbon algal bioeconomy. We review how algae can be applied in the framework of integrated low-carbon circular bioeconomy models, focusing on sustainable biofuels, low-carbon feedstocks, carbon capture, and advances in algal biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Kit Leong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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17
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de Souza DS, Valadão RC, de Souza ERP, Barbosa MIMJ, de Mendonça HV. Enhanced Arthrospira platensis Biomass Production Combined with Anaerobic Cattle Wastewater Bioremediation. BIOENERGY RESEARCH 2021; 15:412-425. [PMID: 33680280 PMCID: PMC7914118 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-021-10258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Microalgae biomasses offer important benefits regarding macromolecules that serve as promising raw materials for sustainable production. In the present study, the microalgae Arthrospira platensis DHR 20 was cultivated in horizontal photobioreactors (HPBR), with and without temperature control, in batch mode (6 to 7 days), with anaerobically digested cattle wastewater (ACWW) as substrate. High dry biomass concentrations were observed (6.3-7.15 g L-1). Volumetric protein, carbohydrate, and lipid productivities were 0.299, 0.135, and 0.108 g L-1 day-1, respectively. Promising lipid productivities per area were estimated between 22.257 and 39.446 L ha-1 year-1. High CO2 bio-fixation rates were recorded (875.6-1051 mg L-1 day-1), indicating the relevant potential of the studied microalgae to mitigate atmospheric pollution. Carbon concentrations in biomass ranged between 41.8 and 43.6%. ACWW bioremediation was satisfactory, with BOD5 and COD removal efficiencies of 72.2-82.6% and 63.3-73.6%. Maximum values of 100, 95.5, 92.4, 80, 98, and 94% were achieved concerning the removal of NH4 +, NO3 -, Pt, SO4 2-, Zn, and Cu, respectively. Total and thermotolerant coliform removals reached 99-99.7% and 99.7-99.9%. This microalgae-mediated process is, thus, promising for ACWW bioremediation and valuation, producing a microalgae biomass rich in macromolecules that can be used to obtain friendly bio-based products and bioenergy. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12155-021-10258-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Salvador de Souza
- Institute of Technology/Engineering Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica Campus, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Romulo Cardoso Valadão
- Institute of Technology/Food Technology Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica Campus, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Edlene Ribeiro Prudêncio de Souza
- Institute of Technology/Food Technology Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica Campus, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Maria Ivone Martins Jacintho Barbosa
- Institute of Technology/Food Technology Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica Campus, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Henrique Vieira de Mendonça
- Institute of Technology/Engineering Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica Campus, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
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18
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Cultivation of the Acidophilic Microalgae Galdieria phlegrea with Wastewater: Process Yields. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052291. [PMID: 33652560 PMCID: PMC7956590 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Algal based wastewater treatment offers the opportunity to recover, in the form of biomass, the nutrients and internal chemical energy of wastewater. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of extremophilic microalgae, as they can easily adapt to difficult and often pollutant-rich environments. The thermo-acidophilic microalga Galdieria phlegrea is a species of recent discovery and great metabolic versatility, but it has still been poorly studied. Here, G. phlegrea was cultivated using raw municipal wastewater in 1 L Erlenmeyer flasks with 700 mL working volume at 37 °C for up to nine days. During the cultivation phase, biomass growth, phycocyanin content, ammonium and phosphate removal from the wastewater, lipid fraction, total carbon and nitrogen in the biomass, and variation in δ13C and δ15N isotopic ratios (a novel analytical contribution in these experiments) were monitored. Results indicated that G. phlegrea was able to grow in raw effluent, where it removed more than 50% ammonium and 20% phosphate in 24 h; total lipid content was in the range of 11–22%, while average C-N content was of 45% and 6%, respectively; isotopic analyses proved to be a useful support in identifying C and N metabolic pathways from effluent to biomass. Overall, G. phlegrea showed consistent performance with similar Cyanidiophyceae and is a potentially viable candidate for municipal wastewater valorization from a circular economy perspective.
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19
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Hena S, Gutierrez L, Croué JP. Removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) from wastewater using microalgae: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:124041. [PMID: 33265054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are a group of emerging micro-pollutants causing detrimental effects on living organisms even at low doses. Previous investigations have confirmed the presence of PPCPs in the environment at hazardous levels, mainly due to the inefficiency of conventional wastewater treatment plants (CWWTPs). Their stable structure induces longer persistence in the environment. Microalgae are currently used to bioremediate numerous pollutants of different characteristics and properties released from the domestic, industrial, agricultural, and farm sectors. CO2 mitigation during culture and the use of biomass as feedstock for biodiesel or biofuel production are, briefly, other benefits of microalgae-mediated treatment over CWWTPs. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent literature, an overview of approaches and treatment systems, and breakthrough in the field of algal-mediated removal of PPCPs in wastewater treatment processes. The mechanisms involved in phycoremediation, along with their experimental approaches, have been discussed in detail. Factors influencing the removal of PPCPs from aqueous media are comprehensively described and assessed. A comparative study on microalgal strains is analyzed for a more efficient implementation of future processes. The role of microalgae to mitigate the most severe environmental impacts of PPCPs and the generation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is discussed. Also, a detailed assessment of recent research on potential toxic effects of PPCPs on microalgae was conducted. The current review highlights microalgae as a promising and sustainable approach to efficiently bio-transform or bio-adsorb PPCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufia Hena
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Curtin University, Australia
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Croué
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux, IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, France.
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20
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Zheng S, Chen S, Zou S, Yan Y, Gao G, He M, Wang C, Chen H, Wang Q. Bioremediation of Pyropia-processing wastewater coupled with lipid production using Chlorella sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124428. [PMID: 33272824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyropia-processing wastewater (PPW) contains diverse organic nutrients and causes environmental pollution. To explore the nutrient removal efficiency and growth performance of Chlorella sp. on PPW, the cultures were conducted in different culture substrates. Results showed that, after 7 days of incubation, the removal rates of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and phycobiliprotein (PP) all reached more than 90% by cultivating Chlorella sp. C2 and C. sorokiniana F-275 in PPW. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies could be over 50%. Meanwhile, the increments of biomass in two tested Chlorella strains were 1.39 and 4.89 times higher than those of BG11 and BBM substrates and the increases in lipid productivity were 1.34 and 10.18- fold, respectively. The C18:3 fatty acid proportions were markedly reduced by 27.89% and 29.10%. These results suggest that Chlorella sp. could efficiently reduce various nutrients in PPW and simultaneously accumulate higher biomass with higher biodiesel characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Shanyi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Shangyun Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yiwen Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Guang Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Meilin He
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changhai Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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21
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Kumar A. Current and Future Perspective of Microalgae for Simultaneous Wastewater Treatment and Feedstock for Biofuels Production. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-020-00221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-Based Biofuels: A Review. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, microalgal biomass has gained a significant role in the development of different high-end (nutraceuticals, colorants, food supplements, and pharmaceuticals) and low-end products (biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas) due to its rapid growth and high carbon-fixing efficiency. Therefore, microalgae are considered a useful and sustainable resource to attain energy security while reducing our current reliance on fossil fuels. From the technologies available for obtaining biofuels using microalgae biomass, thermochemical processes (pyrolysis, Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL), gasification) have proven to be processed with higher viability, because they use all biomass. However, due to the complex structure of the biomass (lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins), the obtained biofuels from direct thermochemical conversion have large amounts of heteroatoms (oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur). As a solution, catalyst-based processes have emerged as a sustainable solution for the increase in biocrude production. This paper’s objective is to present a comprehensive review of recent developments on the catalyst-mediated conversion of algal biomass. Special attention will be given to operating conditions, strains evaluated, and challenges for the optimal yield of algal-based biofuels through pyrolysis and HTL.
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23
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Lu W, Asraful Alam M, Liu S, Xu J, Parra Saldivar R. Critical processes and variables in microalgae biomass production coupled with bioremediation of nutrients and CO 2 from livestock farms: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:135247. [PMID: 31839294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of renewable and clean energy as well as bio-based fine chemicals technologies are the keys to overcome the problems such as fossil depletion, global warming, and environment pollution. To date, cultivation of microalgae using wastewater is regarded as a promising approach for simultaneous nutrients bioremediation and biofuels production due to their high photosynthesis efficiency and environmental benefits. However, the efficiency of nutrients removal and biomass production strongly depends on wastewater properties and microalgae species. Moreover, the high production cost is still the largest limitation to the commercialization of microalgae biofuels. In this review paper, the state-of-the-art algae species employed in livestock farm wastes have been summarized. Further, microalgae cultivation systems and impact factors in livestock wastewater to microalgae growth have been thoroughly discussed. In addition, technologies reported for microalgal biomass harvesting and CO2 mass transfer enhancement in the coupling process were presented and discussed. Finally, this article discusses the potential benefits and challenges of coupling nutrient bioremediation, CO2 capture, and microalgal production. Possible engineering measures for cost-effective nutrients removal, carbon fixation, microalgal biofuels and bioproducts production are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Lu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China; Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Md Asraful Alam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Jinliang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Roberto Parra Saldivar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL., Mexico
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24
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Campus Sewage Treatment by Golenkinia SDEC-16 and Biofuel Production under Monochromic Light. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/5029535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of microalgal cultivation in wastewater can fulfill the dual roles of pollutant degradation and biomass output. Meanwhile, the LED lights with different wavelengths have a great effect on the growth and metabolism of microalgae. In this study, Golenkinia SDEC-16, a strain isolated for biofuel production, was evaluated to verify its potentials for campus sewage treatment and lipid accumulation under the red, green, and blue lights. The results indicated that the treated campus sewage met the first grade level in the Chinese pollutant discharge standards for municipal wastewater treatment plants within seven days under both red and blue light. The green light failed to exhibit excellent performance in nutrient removal, but facilitated the lipid synthesis as high as 42.99 ± 3.48%. The increased lipid content was achieved along with low biomass accumulation owing to low effective light utilization, indicating that the green light could be merely used as a stimulus strategy. The red light benefited the photosynthesis of Golenkinia SDEC-16, with the maximal biomass concentration of 0.80 ± 0.03 g/L and lipid content of 36.90 ± 3.62%, which can attain the optimal balance between biomass production and lipid synthesis.
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25
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Patel AK, Choi YY, Sim SJ. Emerging prospects of mixotrophic microalgae: Way forward to sustainable bioprocess for environmental remediation and cost-effective biofuels. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122741. [PMID: 31956058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Algal bioremediation becoming most fascinating to produce biomass as biofuels feedstock while remediating wastes, also improving carbon-footprint through carbon capturing and utilization (CCU) technology. Non-algae process however offers effective treatment but metabolic CO2 emission is major drawback towards sustainable bioprocess. Mixotrophic cultivation strategy (MCS) enables to treat organic and inorganic wastes which broadly extend microalgae application towards cleaner and sustainable bioeconomy. Latest focus of global think-tanks to encourage bioprocess holding promise of sustainability via CCU ability as important trait. Several high CO2 emitting industries forced to improve their carbon-footprints. MCS driven microalgae treatment could be best solution for those industries. This review covers recent updates on MCS applications for waste-to-value (biofuels) and environment remediation. Moreover, recommendations to fill knowledge gaps, and commercial algal biofuel could be cost-effectiveness and sustainable technology for biocircular economy if fuelled by waste streams from other industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Lu Y, Zhuo C, Li Y, Li H, Yang M, Xu D, He H. Evaluation of filamentous heterocystous cyanobacteria for integrated pig-farm biogas slurry treatment and bioenergy production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122418. [PMID: 31761632 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluates 36 filamentous heterocystous cyanobacteria for the treatment of biogas slurry from pig farm and the accumulation of biomass for bioenergy production. The results showed that only the strains B, J, and L were able to adapt to a 10% biogas slurry. The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus for strains J and L were 92.46%-97.97%, 73.79%-79.90%, and 97.14%-98.46%, respectively, higher than that of strain B. Strain J had the highest biomass productivity and lipid productivity. Based on the biodiesel prediction results, it was concluded that strains J and L are more suitable for biodiesel production. The estimation of theoretical methane potential suggests that the algal biomass of strain J also have the desirable possibility of biogas generation. In summary, algal strain J (Nostoc sp.) offers great potential for biogas slurry treatment and for the production of bioenergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chen Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Qingyuan Polytechnic, Qingyuan 511510, China
| | - Huashou Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mengying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Danni Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongzhi He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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27
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Wollmann F, Dietze S, Ackermann J, Bley T, Walther T, Steingroewer J, Krujatz F. Microalgae wastewater treatment: Biological and technological approaches. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:860-871. [PMID: 32624978 PMCID: PMC6999062 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Current global environmental issues raise unavoidable challenges for our use of natural resources. Supplying the human population with clean water is becoming a global problem. Numerous organic and inorganic impurities in municipal, industrial, and agricultural waters, ranging from microplastics to high nutrient loads and heavy metals, endanger our nutrition and health. The development of efficient wastewater treatment technologies and circular economic approaches is thus becoming increasingly important. The biomass production of microalgae using industrial wastewater offers the possibility of recycling industrial residues to create new sources of raw materials for energy and material use. This review discusses algae-based wastewater treatment technologies with a special focus on industrial wastewater sources, the potential of non-conventional extremophilic (thermophilic, acidophilic, and psychrophilic) microalgae, and industrial algae-wastewater treatment concepts that have already been put into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wollmann
- Institute of Natural Materials TechnologyTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Stefan Dietze
- Faculty of Agriculture/Environment/ChemistryDresden University of Applied SciencesDresdenGermany
| | - Jörg‐Uwe Ackermann
- Faculty of Agriculture/Environment/ChemistryDresden University of Applied SciencesDresdenGermany
| | - Thomas Bley
- Institute of Natural Materials TechnologyTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Thomas Walther
- Institute of Natural Materials TechnologyTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | | | - Felix Krujatz
- Institute of Natural Materials TechnologyTU DresdenDresdenGermany
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28
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Costa JAV, Freitas BCB, Rosa GM, Moraes L, Morais MG, Mitchell BG. Operational and economic aspects of Spirulina-based biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:121946. [PMID: 31422868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae biorefinery systems have been extensively studied from the perspective of resources, energy expenditure, biofuel production potential, and high-added value products. The genus Spirulina (Arthrospira) stands out among the microalgae of commercial importance. It accounts for over 30% of biomass produced globally because of high protein concentration and, carotenoid and phycocyanin content. Spirulina cultivation can be used to reduce greenhouse gases and for effluent treatment. Furthermore, its cellular morphology facilitates biomass recovery, which contributes to the process cost reduction. Spirulina biomass is widely applicable in food, feed, cosmetics, biofertilizers, biofuels, and biomaterials. A feasibility analysis of Spirulina biorefinery would provide specific information for the decision-making for the improvement of the Spirulina production process. In that context, this review aimed to present a parameter assessment to contribute to the economic viability of Spirulina production in a biorefinery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, Brazil.
| | - Barbara Catarina Bastos Freitas
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Martins Rosa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Moraes
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, Brazil
| | - Michele Greque Morais
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, Brazil
| | - B Greg Mitchell
- Scripps Institute of Oceanography (SIO), University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
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29
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Gupta S, Pawar SB, Pandey RA. Current practices and challenges in using microalgae for treatment of nutrient rich wastewater from agro-based industries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:1107-1126. [PMID: 31412448 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Considerable research activities are underway involving microalgae species in order to treat industrial wastewater to address the waste-to-bioenergy economy. Several studies of wastewater treatment using microalgae have been primarily focused on removal of key nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Although the use of wastewater would provide nutrients and water for microalgae growth, the whole process is even more complex than the conventional microalgae cultivation on freshwater media. The former one adds several gridlocks to the system. These gridlocks are surplus organic and inorganic nutrients concentration, pH of wastewater, wastewater color, total dissolved solids (TDS), microbial contaminants, the scale of photobioreactor, batch versus continuous system, harvesting of microalgae biomass etc. The present review discusses, analyses, and summarizes key aspects involved in the treatment of wastewaters from distillery, food/snacks product processing, and dairy processing industry using microalgae along with sustainable production of its biomass. This review further evaluates the bottlenecks for individual steps involved in the process such as pretreatment of wastewater for contaminants removal, concentration tolerance/dilutions, harvesting of microalgae biomass, and outdoor scale-up. The review also describes various strategies to optimize algal biomass and lipid productivities for various wastewater and photobioreactor type. Moreover, the review emphasizes the potential of co-cultivation of microorganism such as yeast and bacteria along with microalgae in the treatment of industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvidha Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division (EBGD), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Sanjay B Pawar
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division (EBGD), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India.
| | - R A Pandey
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
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30
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Wang XW, Huang L, Ji PY, Chen CP, Li XS, Gao YH, Liang JR. Using a mixture of wastewater and seawater as the growth medium for wastewater treatment and lipid production by the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121681. [PMID: 31247531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum in nutrient removal coupled with biodiesel production using different ratios of mixed municipal wastewater (MW) and seawater (SW) as the growth medium. The results indicated that P. tricornutum exhibited high nutrient removal efficiency with the ratios of MW: SW = 1:1 and MW: SW = 2:1, e.g. 87.7-89.9% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 82.2-86.7% for total nitrogen (TN), 96.0-97.0% for total phosphorus, and 76.9-84.2% for ammonium (NH3-N). Significantly higher biomass and lipid productivity were obtained with aeration. The highest lipid productivity of P. tricornutum was 54.76 mg/L/day, which was obtained with a two-step cultivation using the ratio of MW: SW = 1:1 by diluting half of the mixture and bubbling with 5% CO2 during the second step. These results suggested that the marine diatom P. tricornutum exhibited great potential for using mixed wastewater for wastewater treatment and biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Wei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lu Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Peng-Yu Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chang-Ping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Xiamen University), Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ya-Hui Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Xiamen University), Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jun-Rong Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Xiamen University), Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361102, China.
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31
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Bioethanol production from microalgae polysaccharides. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64:627-644. [PMID: 31352666 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide growing demand for energy permanently increases the pressure on industrial and scientific community to introduce new alternative biofuels on the global energy market. Besides the leading role of biodiesel and biogas, bioethanol receives more and more attention as first- and second-generation biofuel in the sustainable energy industry. Lately, microalgae (green algae and cyanobacteria) biomass has also remarkable potential as a feedstock for the third-generation biofuel production due to their high lipid and carbohydrate content. The third-generation bioethanol production technology can be divided into three major processing ways: (i) fermentation of pre-treated microalgae biomass, (ii) dark fermentation of reserved carbohydrates and (iii) direct "photo-fermentation" from carbon dioxide to bioethanol using light energy. All three technologies provide possible solutions, but from a practical point of view, traditional fermentation technology from microalgae biomass receives currently the most attention. This study mainly focusses on the latest advances in traditional fermentation processes including the steps of enhanced carbohydrate accumulation, biomass pre-treatment, starch and glycogen downstream processing and various fermentation approaches.
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32
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Daneshvar E, Zarrinmehr MJ, Koutra E, Kornaros M, Farhadian O, Bhatnagar A. Sequential cultivation of microalgae in raw and recycled dairy wastewater: Microalgal growth, wastewater treatment and biochemical composition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:556-564. [PMID: 30476864 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two cycles of mixotrophic and one cycle of heterotrophic cultivation of Scenedesmus quadricauda (freshwater) and Tetraselmis suecica (marine water) microalgae in dairy wastewater (DWW) were investigated. Dry weights of S. quadricauda and T. suecica were found to be 0.43 and 0.58 g/L after the first cycle and 0.36, and 0.65 g/L after the second cycle of mixotrophic cultivation, respectively. Chlorophyll a content of both microalgae in the first cycle was significantly higher than the second cycle. S. quadricauda removed 92.15% of total nitrogen, 100% of phosphate, 100% of sulfate and 76.77% of total organic carbon, after two cycles of cultivation. The dominant fatty acids during the first and second cycle of S. quadricauda and T. suecica cultivation were C18:1 and C18:3n-3, respectively. The results suggest that by reusing DWW in two consecutive cycles of microalgal cultivation, higher pollutants removal efficiency and microalgal biomass production can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Daneshvar
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Mohammad Javad Zarrinmehr
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Eleni Koutra
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; INVALOR: Research Infrastructure for Waste Valorization and Sustainable Management, 1 Karatheodori Str., University Campus, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Omidvar Farhadian
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Feasibility of Growing Chlorella sorokiniana on Cooking Cocoon Wastewater for Biomass Production and Nutrient Removal. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:663-676. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-02942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Zhang X, Yuan H, Jiang Z, Lin D, Zhang X. Impact of surface tension of wastewater on biofilm formation of microalgae Chlorella sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 266:498-506. [PMID: 29990766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The organic matter and surfactants in wastewater may cause variations in the surface tension of wastewater (STW) ranging between ∼40 and ∼70 mJ·m-2. This study focused on the influence of STW on microalgae biofilm formation. A theoretical analysis was first conducted, and then microalgae biofilm formation on hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrata in liquid and real wastewater with different surface tensions was studied. The results demonstrated that STW affected microalgae biofilm formation remarkably. When the surface tension of liquid medium (γlv) was approximately equal to the average value of surface free energy of microalgae and substrata, biofilm formation reached the minimum. Microalgae biofilm formation on a hydrophilic surface first decreased (from ∼2200 to ∼1500 cells/mm2) and then increased (from ∼1500 to 3100 cells/mm2) with the decrease in γlv (from ∼70 to ∼40 mJ·m-2), whereas biofilm on a hydrophobic surface continued to decrease (from ∼2500 to 1000 cells/mm2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Energy Saving and Environmental Protection, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zeyi Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Dahao Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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35
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Choi YK, Jang HM, Kan E. Microalgal Biomass and Lipid Production on Dairy Effluent Using a Novel Microalga, Chlorella sp. Isolated from Dairy Wastewater. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-018-0094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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