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Szombathy P, Nagy KK, Vértessy BG, Jobbágy A. Full-scale demonstration of a floating seal for enhanced biological nutrient removal in a sequencing batch reactor establishing chemical-free environment in wastewater treatment at low carbon source availability. Environ Technol 2024; 45:381-392. [PMID: 35965485 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2111530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the cyclical nature and changing water levels in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR), oxygen diffusion and utilization can be difficult to control particularly in light of the need to conserve the limited quantity of carbon source required to optimize biological nutrient removal. During the fill period, oxygen penetration may be undesirable since heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms cause a reduction in the readily biodegradable carbon source (rbCOD). This carbon source is essential and often limited in the anaerobic and anoxic periods. As a consequence, unwanted oxygen penetration can hinder efficient biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal. The purpose of the present research was to verify the advantage of a floating seal on the continuously moving surface of an SBR reactor to minimize undesirable oxygen penetration. In the floating seal-covered SBR both nitrification and denitrification efficiency proved to be higher due to insulation, and even during wintertime biological phosphorus removal met target removals without chemical dosing. The SVI values in the two SBR trains proved to be close to each other, despite the high difference in chemical dosing. Having experienced the higher efficiency of the seal-covered train, microbiome compositions of the two differently operated systems were investigated to determine potential differences via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing experiments. In the samples taken from the seal-covered system, higher ratios of fermentative bacteria and phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) as well as glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) could be observed as compared to the samples deriving from the uncovered system.HighlightsSeal-covering the periodically decreasing open water surface increased SBR efficiencySeal-covering the open water surface increased nitrification efficiency by insulationNo chemical dosing was necessary for phosphorous removal in the Test systemMetagenome investigations provided almost doubled amount of fermentative bacteriaProduction of GAOs indicated nutrient deficiency due to phosphorous removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Szombathy
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga K Nagy
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta G Vértessy
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Jobbágy
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Martins RA, Salgado EM, Gonçalves AL, Esteves AF, Pires JCM. Microalgae-Based Remediation of Real Textile Wastewater: Assessing Pollutant Removal and Biomass Valorisation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:44. [PMID: 38247921 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The textile industry generates highly contaminated wastewater. It severely threatens local ecosystems without proper treatment, significantly diminishing biodiversity near the discharge point. With rapid growth rates, microalgae offer an effective solution to mitigate the environmental impact of textile wastewater, and the generated biomass can be valorised. This study sets out to achieve two primary objectives: (i) to assess the removal of pollutants by Chlorella vulgaris from two distinct real textile wastewaters (without dilution) and (ii) to evaluate microalgal biomass composition for further valorisation (in a circular economy approach). Microalgae grew successfully with growth rates ranging from 0.234 ± 0.005 to 0.290 ± 0.003 d-1 and average productivities ranging from 78 ± 3 to 112.39 ± 0.07 mgDW L-1 d-1. All cultures demonstrated a significant reduction in nutrient concentrations for values below the legal limits for discharge, except for COD in effluent 2. Furthermore, the pigment concentration in the culture increased during textile effluent treatment, presenting a distinct advantage over conventional ones due to the economic value of produced biomass and pigments. This study underscores the promise of microalgae in textile wastewater treatment and provides valuable insights into their role in addressing the environmental challenges the textile industry poses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúben A Martins
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva M Salgado
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana L Gonçalves
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- CITEVE-Technological Centre for the Textile and Clothing Industries of Portugal, Rua Fernando Mesquita, 2785, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Ana F Esteves
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- LSRE-LCM-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - José C M Pires
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Colette M, Guentas L, Della Patrona L, Ansquer D, Callac N. Suaeda australis and its associated rhizosphere microbiota: a comparison of the nutrient removal potential between different shrimp farm sediments in New Caledonia. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1260585. [PMID: 37876780 PMCID: PMC10591223 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1260585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Shrimp rearing generate organic waste that is trapped in the pond sediment. In excess, these wastes may impair aquaculture ecosystem and shrimps' health. To promote the biological oxidation of accumulated organic waste, the pond is drained and dried at the end of each production cycle. However, this practice is not always conducive to maintaining microbial decomposition activities in sediments. Shrimp production in New Caledonia is no exception to this problem of pollution of pond bottoms. One promising way of treating this waste would be bioremediation, using a native halophyte plant and its microbiota. Thus, this study explored the nutrient removal potential of Suaeda australis and its microbiota on sediments from four shrimp farms. Suaeda australis was grown in an experimental greenhouse for 6 months. In order to mimic the drying out of the sediments, pots containing only sediments were left to dry in the open air without halophytes. An analysis of the chemical composition and active microbiota was carried out initially and after 6 months in the sediments of the halophyte cultures and in the dry sediments for each farm, respectively. In the initial state, the chemical parameters and the microbial diversity of the sediment varied considerably from one farm to another. Growing Suaeda australis reduced the nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur content in all type of sediment. However, this reduction varied significantly from one sediment to another. The rhizosphere of Suaeda australis is mainly composed of micro-organisms belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria class. However, the families recruited from this class vary depending on the farm in question. Depending on the sediment, the variation in microbiota leads to different putative biochemical functions. For two of the farms, a similar reduction in nitrogen concentration was observed in both dry and cultivated sediments. This suggests that certain initial chemical characteristics of the sediments influence the nutrient removal efficiency of Suaeda australis. Our study therefore highlights the need to control the pH of sediments before cultivation or in dry sediments in order to ensure optimal microbial decomposition of organic waste and nutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Colette
- French Institute for Research in the Science of the Sea (IFREMER), Research Institute for Development (IRD), University of New Caledonia, University of Reunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Nouméa, New Caledonia
- Institute of Exact and Applied Sciences (ISEA), University of New Caledonia, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Linda Guentas
- Institute of Exact and Applied Sciences (ISEA), University of New Caledonia, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Luc Della Patrona
- French Institute for Research in the Science of the Sea (IFREMER), Research Institute for Development (IRD), University of New Caledonia, University of Reunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Dominique Ansquer
- French Institute for Research in the Science of the Sea (IFREMER), Research Institute for Development (IRD), University of New Caledonia, University of Reunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Nolwenn Callac
- French Institute for Research in the Science of the Sea (IFREMER), Research Institute for Development (IRD), University of New Caledonia, University of Reunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Nouméa, New Caledonia
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Danaee S, Ofoghi H, Heydarian SM, Badali Varzaghani N. Multi response surface optimization, Pareto analysis and kinetics study of microalgal post-treatment systems. Environ Technol 2023; 44:3592-3604. [PMID: 35416123 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2066480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of nutrients are observed in the effluent of different wastewater treatment plants, while additional costs of post-treatment systems and low-value sludge are the main reasons for releasing such effluents. The present study aims to introduce an increased procedure for simultaneous nutrient recovery and biomass production using an algae-based post-treatment technique. The procedure has been utilized by two well-known strains (Scenedesmus dimorphus and Chlorella vulgaris) cultivated in different N/P ratios (16, 62, and 108) and trace metals (0, 50%, and 100%) in a synthetic meat processing wastewater as a model to investigate effects of the factors on microalgal cultivation and nutrient removal. Pareto statistical analysis and Multi Response Surface methodology were applied to determine the priority of factors and their optimum values, respectively. The unbalanced N/P ratio and lack of trace metals were introduced as two main reasons for the significant decrease of about 60% and 120% in nutrient removal and biomass production. The optimized procedure resulted in significant increases in the removal efficiencies where 90%, 83%, and 65% were achieved for ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate, respectively. Moreover, a 72% increase in biomass production was reported in the optimal points. The results of the Pareto analysis highlighted the significant superiority (about two times) of the trace metals in removal efficiencies. Finally, experimental data has also been modelled by Verhulst logistic model that successfully described the microalgae growth. This procedure showed promising results of microalgal systems to supersede the conventional post-treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Danaee
- Biotechnology Department, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ofoghi
- Biotechnology Department, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Heydarian
- Biotechnology Department, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Badali Varzaghani
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Luo L, Lin X, Li M, Liao X, Zhang B, Hu Y, Wang Y, Huang Y, Peng C. Influencing factors for nutrient removal from piggery digestate by coupling microalgae and electric field. Environ Technol 2023; 44:2244-2253. [PMID: 34986738 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2026485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae show great potential for nutrient removal from piggery digestate. However, full-strength piggery digestate have been found to severely inhibit microalgal growth. In this study, microalgae were coupled into the electric field (EF)system to form an electric field-microalgae system (EFMS). The effects of EF characteristics and environmental conditions on the growth of Desmodesmus sp. CHX1 and the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in EFMS were explored. The results indicated that the optimal EF parameters for forming a fine EFMS were electrode of Zn (anode)/graphite (cathode), electric frequency of three times per day (10 min/time) and voltage of 12 V. The suitable light intensity and microalgae inoculation concentration for the EFMS were 180 μmol photons/(m2·s) and 0.2 g/L, respectively. Ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus removal efficiencies were 65.38% and 96.16% in the piggery digestate by EFMS under optimal conditions. These results indicate that EFMS is a promising technology for nutrient removal from piggery digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzao Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Zone-King Environmental Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoai Lin
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangxi Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Zhejiang Zone-King Environmental Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Zhejiang Zone-King Environmental Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Peng
- The Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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6
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de Oliveira Demarco J, Hutchinson SL, Bastos LM, Hettiarachchi G, Almutari M, Nottingham E. Industrial wastewater treatment by plant-based bio-filtration. Int J Phytoremediation 2023; 25:1945-1955. [PMID: 37158190 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2209191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) represent a natural wastewater treatment process, offering economic and environmental advantages. These systems can remove several components that may cause negative impacts on the environment. Media types and plant species are crucial influencing factors for the removal of contaminants in CWs. The goal of this study is to evaluate the capacity of a CW using Tamarix spp. with three filter media to treat FGD wastewater. Planted and unplanted CWs were set up with varying types of biofilm support media: 3 bioreactors were operated with 50% gravel and 50% zeolite (v/v), 3 with 100% gravel, and 3 with 50% gravel, 25% zeolite, and 25% silage. Planted CWs had the greatest potential to reduce the concentrations of B, K, and NH4+-N in 64.9%, 91.1%, and 92.5%, respectively, when used in addition to the filter composed by 50% gravel + 50% zeolite, which was the only media keeping the plants alive for 60 days. The results showed that the optimal selection of filter media depends on the purpose for which the treatment has been projected for, considering that the types of substrates influenced the nature of the contaminant removal in the CW.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stacy L Hutchinson
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, KS State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Leonardo M Bastos
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of GA, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Almutari
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Emily Nottingham
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, KS State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Ladipo-Obasa M, Forney N, Foster A, Maxwell E, Long C, Chandran K, Riffat R, Bott C, de Barbadillo C, De Clippeleir H. Impact of instrumentation reliability on mainstream suspended Partial denitrification anammox (PdNA). Water Environ Res 2023; 95:e10877. [PMID: 37144726 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study successfully revealed the importance of probe reliability and sensitivity with ion sensitive electrode (ISE) probes on achieving high partial denitrification (PdN) efficiency; and decreasing carbon overdosing events that cause the decline of microbial populations and performance of partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA). In a mainstream integrated hybrid granule-floc system, an average PdN efficiency of 76% was achieved with acetate as the carbon source. Thauera was identified as the dominant PdN species; Its presence in the system was analogous to instrumentation reliability and PdN selection and wasn't a consequence of bioaugmentation. Up to 27-121 mg TIN/L/d, an equivalent of 18 - 48% of the overall TIN removed, was achieved through the PdNA pathway. Candidatus Brocadia was the main anoxic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) species that was seeded from sidestream, and enriched and retained in the mainstream system with observed growth rates of 0.04 - 0.13 d-1 . Moreover, there was no direct negative impact of methanol's use for post-polishing on AnAOB activity and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojolaoluwa Ladipo-Obasa
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Audra Foster
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Chenghua Long
- Department of Earth & Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth & Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rumana Riffat
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, VA, USA, New York
| | - Christine de Barbadillo
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
- Black and Veatch, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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Zhang H, Sun M, Tian J, Zhu X, Cheng Y. Synergetic effects of pyrrhotite and biochar on simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate in autotrophic denitrification system. Water Environ Res 2023; 95:e10855. [PMID: 36949606 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the trend of upgrading wastewater treatment plants, developing advanced treatment technologies for more efficient nutrient removal is crucial. This study prepared a pyrrhotite-biochar composite (Fex Sy @BC) to investigate its potential for simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate under autotrophic denitrification conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the novel composite of Fex Sy @BC, which exhibited 9.2 mg N/(L·d) NO3 - -N reduction rate, 97.3% N2 production, and 81.8 mmol N/(kg·d) NO3 - -N material load with small solid/liquid ratio (0.008). The NO3 - -N removal with Fex Sy @BC was 1.2-2.2 times higher than that with pure iron sulfides or biochar or their mixtures, whereas the Δn(S)/Δn(N) of Fex Sy @BC was the lowest (1.80). Moreover, the PO4 3- -P reduction rate of Fex Sy @BC reached 3.23 mg P/(L·d), as high as that of pure pyrite or pyrrhotite. Thiobacillus was the most dominant denitrifying bacterium. Fex Sy @BC exhibited great promise for enhancing nutrient removal from secondary effluent without additional carbon source. PRACTITIONER POINTS: FexSy@BC enhanced nitrate and phosphate removal simultaneously. First-order kinetics and Monod model were fitted for denitrification with FexSy@BC. FexSy@BC had smaller molar ratio of sulfate release to nitrate removal. Thiobacillus was the dominant bacterium in FexSy@BC autotrophic denitrification. Synergistic effects on nutrients removal existed between biochar and pyrrhotite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Tian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Wastewater Treatment, Sichuan Province Higher Education System, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Persistent Pollutant Wastewater Treatment, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunan Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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Donelan SC, Ogburn MB, Breitburg D. Legacy of past exposure to hypoxia and warming regulates an ecosystem service provided by oysters. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:1328-1339. [PMID: 36541067 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is having substantial impacts on organism fitness and ability to deliver critical ecosystem services, but these effects are often examined only in response to current environments. Past exposure to stress can also affect individuals via carryover effects, and whether these effects scale from individuals to influence ecosystem function and services is unknown. We explored within-generation carryover effects of two coastal climate change stressors-hypoxia and warming-on oyster (Crassostrea virginica) growth and nitrogen bioassimilation, an important ecosystem service. Oysters were exposed to a factorial combination of two temperature and two diel-cycling dissolved oxygen treatments at 3-months-old and again 1 year later. Carryover effects of hypoxia and warming influenced oyster growth and nitrogen storage in complex and context-dependent ways. When operating, carryover effects of single stressors generally reduced oyster nitrogen bioassimilation and relative investment in tissue versus shell growth, particularly in warm environments, while early life exposure to multiple stressors generally allowed oysters to perform as well as control oysters. When extrapolated to the reef scale, carryover effects decreased nitrogen stored by modeled oyster reefs in most conditions, with reductions as large as 41%, a substantial decline in a critical ecosystem service. In some scenarios, however, carryover effects increased nitrogen storage by modeled oyster reefs, again highlighting the complexity of these effects. Hence, even brief exposure to climate change stressors early in life may have persistent effects on an ecosystem service 1 year later. Our results show for the first time that within-generation carryover effects on individual phenotypes can impact processes at the ecosystem scale and may therefore be an overlooked factor determining ecosystem service delivery in response to anthropogenic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Donelan
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew B Ogburn
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - Denise Breitburg
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
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Baldisserotto C, Demaria S, Arcidiacono M, Benà E, Giacò P, Marchesini R, Ferroni L, Benetti L, Zanella M, Benini A, Pancaldi S. Enhancing Urban Wastewater Treatment through Isolated Chlorella Strain-Based Phytoremediation in Centrate Stream: An Analysis of Algae Morpho-Physiology and Nutrients Removal Efficiency. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1027. [PMID: 36903888 PMCID: PMC10004828 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The release of inadequately treated urban wastewater is the main cause of environmental pollution of aquatic ecosystems. Among efficient and environmentally friendly technologies to improve the remediation process, those based on microalgae represent an attractive alternative due to the potential of microalgae to remove nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from wastewaters. In this work, microalgae were isolated from the centrate stream of an urban wastewater treatment plant and a native Chlorella-like species was selected for studies on nutrient removal from centrate streams. Comparative experiments were set up using 100% centrate and BG11 synthetic medium, modified with the same N and P as the effluent. Since microalgal growth in 100% effluent was inhibited, cultivation of microalgae was performed by mixing tap-freshwater with centrate at increasing percentages (50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%). While algal biomass and nutrient removal was little affected by the differently diluted effluent, morpho-physiological parameters (FV/FM ratio, carotenoids, chloroplast ultrastructure) showed that cell stress increased with increasing amounts of centrate. However, the production of an algal biomass enriched in carotenoids and P, together with N and P abatement in the effluent, supports promising microalgae applications that combine centrate remediation with the production of compounds of biotechnological interest; for example, for organic agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Baldisserotto
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Demaria
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michela Arcidiacono
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Benà
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Giacò
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Marchesini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Linda Benetti
- HERA SpA—Direzione Acqua, Via C. Diana, 40, Cassana, 44044 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marcello Zanella
- HERA SpA—Direzione Acqua, Via C. Diana, 40, Cassana, 44044 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessio Benini
- HERA SpA—Direzione Acqua, Via C. Diana, 40, Cassana, 44044 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Terra&Acqua Tech Laboratory, Technopole of the University of Ferrara, Via Saragat, 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
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Zuo R, Yu Y, Song C, Liang M, Lu X, Ren D, Wu X, Zan F. Evaluating Fouling Control and Energy Consumption in a Pilot-Scale, Low-Energy POREFLON Non-Aerated Membrane Bioreactor (LEP-N-MBR) System at Different Frequencies and Amplitudes. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:1085. [PMID: 36363638 PMCID: PMC9699148 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Continual aeration, a fouling control strategy that causes high energy consumption, is the major obstacle in the deployment of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for wastewater treatment. In recent years, a technology has been developed which adopts mechanical reciprocity for membrane vibration, and it has been proven efficient for membrane scouring, as well as for saving energy: the low-energy POREFLON non-aerated membrane bioreactor (LEP-N-MBR). In this study, a pilot-scale LEP-N-MBR system was designed, established, and operated at various frequencies and amplitudes, and with various membrane models, so as to evaluate energy usage and membrane fouling. The results showed that a slower TMP rise occurred when the frequency and amplitude were set to 0.5 Hz and 10 cm, respectively. Under a suitable frequency and amplitude, the TMP increasing rate of model B (sealed only with epoxy resin) was slower than that of model A (sealed with a combination of polyurethane and epoxy resin). The average specific energy demand (SED) of the LEP-N-MBR was 0.18 kWh·m-3, much lower than the aerated MBR with 0.43 kWh·m-3 (obtained from a previous study), indicating a significant decrease of 59.54% in the SED. However, the uneven distribution of sludge within the membrane tank indicated that the poor hydraulic mixing in the reactor may result in sludge accumulation, which requires further operational optimization. The findings of this pilot-scale study suggest that the LEP-N-MBR system is promising and effective for municipal wastewater treatment with a much lower level of energy usage. More research is needed to further optimize the operation of the LEP-N-MBR for wide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhang Zuo
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Center (HUST-SUKE), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yubin Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Center (HUST-SUKE), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
- Suke Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215026, China
| | - Canhui Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Center (HUST-SUKE), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
- Suke Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215026, China
| | - Muxiang Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Center (HUST-SUKE), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiejuan Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Center (HUST-SUKE), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dajun Ren
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Center (HUST-SUKE), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Feixiang Zan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Center (HUST-SUKE), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
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12
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Watari T, Asano K, Omine T, Hatamoto M, Araki N, Mimura K, Nagano A, Yamaguchi T. Effects of denitrifying granular sludge addition on activated sludge and anaerobic-aerobic systems for municipal sewage treatment. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2022; 57:830-839. [PMID: 36097952 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2118485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional activated sludge (AS) systems are widely used to treat domestic sewage worldwide. However, the removal of nitrogen in the AS system is limited, and its concentration in the effluent exceeds the recommended values in the discharge standards. In this study, a pilot experiment was conducted to improve nitrogen removal during municipal sewage treatment by operating AS and anaerobic-aerobic (AO) systems under low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions of less than 0.5 mg L-1 and by adding denitrifying granular sludge. The low DO operation of the AS and AO systems led to the sludge washout and increased the organic content and ammonia and nitrate concentration of the effluent. In contrast, the nitrate concentrations of the effluents produced by the AS and AO systems were 9.4 ± 3.6 and 8.4 ± 0.7 mg-N L-1, respectively, indicated that denitrifying granular sludge addition enhanced denitrification during sewage treatment. The total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency increased by 13% and 9% for the AS and AO systems despite a decrease in the temperature of 6 °C for the water in the aeration tank. Thus, adding denitrifying granular sludge to the aeration tank is a simple and effective approach to improve organic and nitrogen removal during wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Watari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kenya Asano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Nagano College, Nagano, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takanori Omine
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masashi Hatamoto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuo Araki
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Nagaoka College, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
- National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Ichinoseki College, Ichinoseki, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Mimura
- Technical Research and Development Institute, Sanki Engineering Co., Ltd, Yamato, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nagano
- Technical Research and Development Institute, Sanki Engineering Co., Ltd, Yamato, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
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13
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Fofana R, Peng B, Huynh H, Sajjad M, Jones K, Al-Omari A, Bott C, Delgado Vela J, Murthy S, Wett B, Debarbadillo C, De Clippeleir H. Media selection for anammox-based polishing filters: Balancing anammox enrichment and retention with filtration function. Water Environ Res 2022; 94:e10724. [PMID: 35614874 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Retrofitting conventional denitrification filters into partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA)- or anammox (AnAOB)-based filters will reduce the needs for external carbon addition. The success of AnAOB-based filters depends on anammox growth and retention within such filters. Studies have overlooked the importance of media selection and its impact on AnAOB capacity, head loss progression dynamics, and shear conditions applied onto the AnAOB biofilm. The objective of this study was to evaluate viable media types (10 types) that can enhance AnAOB rates for efficient nitrogen removal in filters. Given the higher backwash requirement and lower AnAOB capacity of the conventionally used sand, expanded clay (3-5 mm) was recommended for AnAOB-based filters in this study. Owing to its surface characteristics, expanded clay had higher AnAOB activity (304- vs. 104-g NH4 + -N/m2 /day) and higher AnAOB retention (43% more) than sand. Increasing the iron content of expanded clay to 37% resulted in an increase in zeta potential, which led to 56% more anammox capacity compared to expanded clay with 7% iron content. This work provides insight into the importance of media types in the growth and retention of AnAOB in filters, and this knowledge could be used as basis in the development of PdNA filters. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Expanded clay showed the lowest head loss buildup and most likely will result in longer runtime for full-scale PdNA applications The highest AnAOB rates were achieved in expanded clay types and sand compared with smaller media typically used in biofiltration Expanded clay resulted in better AnAOB retention under shear, whereas sand could not withstand shear and required more frequent backwashing Expanded clay iron coating enhanced AnAOB enrichment and retention, most likely due to increased surface roughness and/or positive charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Fofana
- DC Water & Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Bo Peng
- DC Water & Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Huu Huynh
- DC Water & Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mehran Sajjad
- DC Water & Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kimberly Jones
- Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Omari
- DC Water & Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA
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Abida O, Van der Graaf F, Li LY. Exploratory study of removing nutrients from aqueous environments employing a green synthesised nano zero-valent iron. Environ Technol 2022; 43:2017-2032. [PMID: 33317431 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1864480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the green synthesis of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) extracted from the peel of selected waste fruits: banana (BP), mango (MP), and pomegranate (GP), for the removal of nutrients from aqueous environments. The extract was prepared by heating de-ionised water at 60°C for 5 min, adding a reducing and a stabilising agent, FeCl3, then stirring with a N2 gas flush solution to form iron nanoparticles, with a final drying step under N2 conditions. Using a variety of characterisation techniques, it was determined that nZVI particles were successfully synthesised via the reduction of iron (III) to iron (0) and stabilised by the presence of phenolic compounds in the extract. The removal of 20 mg/L nutrients from an aqueous solution carried out using the nZVIs resulted in nitrate removal of 92% (nZVI-GP), 88% (nZVI-BP), and 72% (nZVI-MP) within 5 min, whereas ∼98% phosphate was removed by all three nZVIs within 60 min. The aging effect was also tested. Aging the nZVIs for >20 days resulted in less efficient phosphate adsorption after exposure for 250 min; ∼70% phosphate removal was achieved using the nZVIs under these conditions. The mechanisms and pathways of nitrate reduction, including the adsorption of phosphate by nZVI were demonstrated, and discussed. Leachability tests of the phosphate-loaded nZVIs revealed that 10%, 28%, and 48% phosphate was released from the nZVI-GP, nZVI-BP, and nZVI-MP particles, respectively. Using waste fruit is, therefore, a viable and sustainable alternative to the traditional sodium borohydride method to produce nZVIs for environmental application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otman Abida
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of Middle East, Kuwait
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Fennie Van der Graaf
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Loretta Y Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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15
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Fofana R, Huynh H, Jones K, Delgado Vela J, Long C, Chandran K, Bott C, Akyon B, Liu W, deBarbadillo C, De Clippeleir H. Mainstream partial denitrification-anammox in sand and expanded clay deep-bed polishing filters under practical loading rates and backwashing conditions. Water Environ Res 2022; 94:e10728. [PMID: 35621228 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on evaluating the feasibility of expanded clay and sand as media types for mainstream partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA) in deep-bed single-media polishing filters under nitrogen and solids loading rates as well as backwash conditions similar to conventional denitrification filters. The surface roughness and iron content of the expanded clay were hypothesized to allow for enhanced anammox retention, nitrogen removal rates, and runtimes. However, under the tested loading rates and backwash conditions, no clear benefit of expanded clay was observed compared with conventional sand. This study showed the feasibility of PdNA in filters with both sand and expanded clay with PdN efficiencies of 76% and 77%, PdNA rates of 840 and 843 g N/m3 /d and TIN removal rates of 960 and 964 g N/m3 /d, respectively. Glycerol demands were 1.5-1.6 g COD added per g TIN removed , thus indicating potential carbon savings up to 75% compared with conventional denitrification. Overall, this study showed for the first time PdNA filters performing at nitrogen removal rates double that of previous PdNA studies under realistic conditions while providing insights into the media choice and backwashing conditions. Future research on expanded clay backwash conditions is needed to provide its full potential in PdNA filters. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Hydraulic and TSS loading rates similar to conventional denitrification can be applied in PdNA filters. Conventional sand can be used when retrofitting conventional denitrification filters into PdNA filters. Carbon savings up to 75% can be achieved with glycerol when retrofitting conventional filters into PdNA filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Fofana
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
- Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Huu Huynh
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Road Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Wenjun Liu
- Xylem Inc, Zelienople, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Ladipo-Obasa M, Forney N, Riffat R, Bott C, deBarbadillo C, De Clippeleir H. Partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA) application in mainstream IFAS configuration using raw fermentate as carbon source. Water Environ Res 2022; 94:e10711. [PMID: 35388559 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This research examined the feasibility of raw fermentate for mainstream partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA) in a pre-anoxic integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process. Fermentate quality sampled from a full-scale facility was highly dynamic, with 360-940 mg VFA-COD/L and VFA/soluble COD ratios ranging from 24% to 48%. This study showed that PdNA selection could be achieved even when using low quality fermentate. Nitrate residual was identified as the main factor driving the PdN efficiency, while management of nitrate conversion rates was required to maximize overall PdNA rates. AnAOB limitation was never observed in the IFAS system. Overall, this study showed PdN efficiencies up to 38% and PdNA rates up to 1.2 ± 0.7 g TIN/m2 /d with further potential for improvements. As a result of both PdNA and full denitrification, this concept showed the potential to save 48-89% methanol and decrease the carbon footprint of water resource recovery facilities (WRRF) by 9-15%. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Application of PdNA with variable quality fermentate is feasible when the nitrate residual concentration is increased to enhance PdN selection. To maximize nitrogen removed through PdNA, nitrate conversion rates need enhancement through optimization of upstream aeration and PdN control setpoints. The IFAS PdNA process was never anammox limited; success depended on the degree of PdN achieved to make nitrite available. Application of PdNA with fermentate can yield 48-89% savings in methanol or other carbon compared with conventional nitrification and denitrification. Integrating PdNA upstream from polishing aeration and anoxic zones guarantees that stringent limits can be met (<5 mg N/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojolaoluwa Ladipo-Obasa
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nicole Forney
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rumana Riffat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA
| | - Christine deBarbadillo
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
- Black and Veatch, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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Fernández-Rodríguez MJ, de la Lama-Calvente D, García-González M, Moreno-Fernández J, Jiménez-Rodríguez A, Borja R, Rincón-Llorente B. Integral Valorization of Two-Phase Olive Mill Solid Waste (OMSW) and Related Washing Waters by Anaerobic Co-digestion of OMSW and the Microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata Cultivated in These Effluents. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:3219-3227. [PMID: 35254817 PMCID: PMC8931757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the comprehensive valorization of the byproducts derived from the two-phase olive oil elaboration process [i.e., olive washing water (OWW), olive oil washing water (OOWW), and olive mill solid waste (OMSW)] in a closed-loop process. Initially, the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata was grown using a mixture of OWW and OOWW as the culture medium, allowing phosphate, nitrate, sugars, and soluble chemical oxygen demand removal. In a second step, the microalgal biomass grown in the mixture of washing waters was used as a co-substrate together with OMSW for an anaerobic co-digestion process. The anaerobic co-digestion of the combination of 75% OMSW-25% R. subcapitata enhanced the methane yield by 7.0 and 64.5% compared to the anaerobic digestion of the OMSW and R. subcapitata individually. This schedule of operation allowed for integration of all of the byproducts generated from the two-phase olive oil elaboration process in a full valorization system and the establishment of a circular economy concept for the olive oil industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Fernández-Rodríguez
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Sistemas Físico, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - David de la Lama-Calvente
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mercedes García-González
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (IBVF), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Moreno-Fernández
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (IBVF), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonia Jiménez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Sistemas Físico, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael Borja
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Bárbara Rincón-Llorente
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Chen Z, Xiao Y, Liu T, Yuan M, Liu G, Fang J, Yang B. Exploration of Microalgal Species for Nutrient Removal from Anaerobically Digested Swine Wastewater and Potential Lipids Production. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2469. [PMID: 34946071 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-treatment of anaerobically treated swine wastewater (ADSW) mediated by microalgae has been deemed as a promising strategy. In the present study, six microalgal strains were used to conduct batch experiments in 0~100% ADSW in order to evaluate their potentials for nutrient removal and biodiesel production. Two strains, Chlorella vulgaris FACHB-8 and Chlorella sp. FACHB-31, were selected based on their better growth performances, higher tolerance to wastewater (up to 100%), and better nutrient removal abilities. The capacity of each strain to remove TN, TP, NH4+-N, as well as lipid production and biomass composition in 100% ADSW were further examined. After 15 days of culture, 87.68~89.85%, 92.61~93.68%, and 97.02~97.86% of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen were removed by Chlorella sp. FACHB-31 and C. vulgaris FACHB-8. Their lipid content and lipid productivities were 29.63~33.33% and 18.91~23.10 mg L-1 d-1, respectively. Proteins were both the major biomass fraction followed by lipids and then carbohydrates. Their fatty acid profiles both mainly consisted of C-16:0, C-18:1, C-18:0, and C-18:2. Taken together, our results suggest that C. vulgaris FACHB-8 and Chlorella sp. FACHB-31 are potential candidates for biodiesel production by using ADSW as a good feedstock.
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Ding Y, Wang S, Ma H, Ma B, Guo Z, You H, Mei J, Hou X, Liang Z, Li Z. Effect of Different Influent Conditions on Biomass Production and Nutrient Removal by Aeration Microalgae Membrane Bioreactor (ICFB-MMBR) System for Mariculture Wastewater Treatment. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:membranes11110874. [PMID: 34832103 PMCID: PMC8625849 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nutrient removal and biomass production of the internal circulating fluidized bed microalgae membrane bioreactor (ICFB-MMBR) was studied under different cultivation modes, influent TOC, influent pH, and influent N/P. Platymonas helgolandica tsingtaoensis was used as the biological source. The growth of P. helgolandica tsingtaoensis and the removal efficiency of pollutants in the mixotrophy culture mode were improved compared with other culture modes. With the increased influent TOC, the average growth rate of P. helgolandica tsingtaoensis increased, and ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus removal rate were improved. The P. helgolandica tsingtaoensis growth rate and nutrient removal efficiencies at the influent pH of 8 were the best among the different influent pH values. As the influent N/P ratio increased from 5 to 20, the P. helgolandica tsingtaoensis growth rate and pollutant removal rate increased gradually. When the influent N/P ratio was higher than 20, the P. helgolandica tsingtaoensis growth rate and pollutant removal rate tended to be stable and did not significantly change with the increase of influent N/P ratio. At the proper influent conditions, the high P. helgolandica tsingtaoensis biomass and nutrient removal efficiency could be obtained in the microalgae membrane bioreactor, which could provide a theoretical basis for the application of the system for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Y.D.); (Z.G.); (J.M.); (X.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Water Environment, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264200, China; (S.W.); (H.M.); (B.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Water Environment, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264200, China; (S.W.); (H.M.); (B.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Binyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Water Environment, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264200, China; (S.W.); (H.M.); (B.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Zhansheng Guo
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Y.D.); (Z.G.); (J.M.); (X.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Hong You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Water Environment, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264200, China; (S.W.); (H.M.); (B.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Junxue Mei
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Y.D.); (Z.G.); (J.M.); (X.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xuguang Hou
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Y.D.); (Z.G.); (J.M.); (X.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenlin Liang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Y.D.); (Z.G.); (J.M.); (X.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Water Environment, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264200, China; (S.W.); (H.M.); (B.M.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Tao R, Bair R, Pickett M, Calabria JL, Lakaniemi AM, van Hullebusch ED, Rintala JA, Yeh DH. Low concentration of zeolite to enhance microalgal growth and ammonium removal efficiency in a membrane photobioreactor. Environ Technol 2021; 42:3863-3876. [PMID: 32264767 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1752813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the growth and nutrient removal efficiency of a mixed microalgal culture with and without the addition of low concentrations (0.5, 1, and 5 g L-1 of total liquid volume in the reactor) of natural zeolite. A control test in which only zeolite was added into a similar membrane photobioreactor was also conducted. The addition of 0.5 g L-1 zeolite to a continuously-fed membrane photobioreactor increased the microalgal biomass concentration from 0.50 to 0.90-1.17 g particulate organic carbon per L while the average ammonium removal efficiency increased from 14% to 30%. Upon microscopic inspection, microalgal cells were observed growing on the surface of zeolite particles, which indicates that zeolite can support attached microalgal growth. With higher zeolite doses (1 and 5 g L-1) inside the reactor, however, the breaking apart of added zeolite particles into finer particles dramatically increased solution turbidity, which likely was not beneficial for microalgal growth and ammonium removal due to reduced light penetration. This work shows that low doses of zeolite can be used as microcarriers to enhance microalgal biomass concentration and ammonium removal efficiency, while minimizing zeolite dose would likely reduce the turbidity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert Bair
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melanie Pickett
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jorge L Calabria
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Delft, Netherlands
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7154, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jukka A Rintala
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Daniel H Yeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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21
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Bradley IM, Li Y, Guest JS. Solids Residence Time Impacts Carbon Dynamics and Bioenergy Feedstock Potential in Phototrophic Wastewater Treatment Systems. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:12574-12584. [PMID: 34478624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of wastewater-grown microalgae has the potential to reduce the cost of algae-derived biofuels while simultaneously advancing nutrient recovery at water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). However, a significant barrier has been the low yield and high protein content of phototrophic biomass. Here, we examine the use of solids residence time (SRT) as a selective pressure in driving biochemical composition, yield, biofuel production, and WRRF nutrient management cost. We cultivated mixed phototrophic communities in controlled, laboratory-scale photobioreactors on the local WRRF secondary effluent to link SRT with biochemical composition and techno-economic analysis to yield insights into biomass composition and downstream processing effects on minimum fuel selling price. SRT significantly impacted biochemical composition, with total and dynamic carbohydrates the highest at low SRT (total carbohydrates being 0.60 and 0.32 mg-carbohydrate·mg-protein-1 at SRT 5 and 15 days, respectively). However, there were distinct differences between extant, steady-state performance and intrinsic potential, and longer SRT communities were able to accumulate significant fractions (51% on an ash-free dry weight basis, AFDW %) of carbohydrate reserves under nutrient starvation. Overall, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) was found to be more suitable than lipid extraction for hydrotreating (LEH) and combined algal processing (CAP) for conversion of biomass to fuels, but LEH and CAP became more competitive when intrinsic carbon storage potential was realized. The results suggest that the use of algae for nutrient recovery could reduce the nutrient management cost at WRRFs through revenue from algal biofuels, with HTL resulting in a net revenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Bradley
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, 212 Ketter Hall, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Research and Education in Energy, Environment and Water Institute, University at Buffalo, 112 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Yalin Li
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1101 West Peabody Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jeremy S Guest
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1101 West Peabody Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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22
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Marchão L, Fernandes JR, Sampaio A, Peres JA, Tavares PB, Lucas MS. Microalgae and immobilized TiO 2/UV-A LEDs as a sustainable alternative for winery wastewater treatment. Water Res 2021; 203:117464. [PMID: 34371233 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This work intends to promote the growth of microalgae biomass with simultaneous remediation of an agro-industrial wastewater. Winery wastewater (WW) was used as growth media for the cyanobacteria Arthrospira maxima and the green microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus, Auxenochlorella protothecoides and Chlorella vulgaris, under mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. The latter species stands out under mixotrophic conditions, with removals of TOC and TN above 90%. Biomass production and pollutant removal were influenced by the initial WW concentration. Maximum removal values within 8 days of incubation were 92, 91, 49 and 40% for COD, TN, polyphenols and P-PO4, respectively, and 147.5 mg L-1 d-1 of biomass productivity. C. vulgaris biomass showed higher carotenoid content (maximum of 8.7 mg/g) when grown in WW, compared to autotrophic conditions (6.5 mg/g), making the bioremediation process more viable with the production of valuable by-products such as pigments. As the pollutant load removed by the microalgae does not allow reach the legal limits of release treated waters in natural water courses, a tertiary treatment process was applied. A post-treatment by photocatalysis in a UV LEDs photoreactor with TiO2-supported in Raschig rings was proposed for the removal of COD and polyphenols from a high loaded WW. The heterogeneous photocatalytic process was efficient in removing 80% of total polyphenols and 40% of COD, allowing the release of the treated water in superficial water courses since complies with the legal limits (COD below 150 mg L-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonilde Marchão
- Chemistry Centre, Vila Real (CQVR) and Department of Chemistry, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José R Fernandes
- Chemistry Centre, Vila Real (CQVR) and Department of Physics, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Sampaio
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José A Peres
- Chemistry Centre, Vila Real (CQVR) and Department of Chemistry, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro B Tavares
- Chemistry Centre, Vila Real (CQVR) and Department of Chemistry, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Marco S Lucas
- Chemistry Centre, Vila Real (CQVR) and Department of Chemistry, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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23
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Xu B, Liu J, Zhao C, Sun S, Xu J, Zhao Y. Induction of vitamin B12 to purify biogas slurry and upgrade biogas using co-culture of microalgae and fungi. Water Environ Res 2021; 93:1254-1262. [PMID: 33372311 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Different gradient concentrations of vitamin B12 (0, 10, 100, 1,000 ng L-1 ) were used in the symbiosis system (Chlorella vulgaris-Ganoderma lucidum or Chlorella vulgaris-Pleurotus ostreatus) to assess their effect on simultaneous purification of biogas and removal of nutrients in biogas slurry using co-culture of microalgae and fungi. When B12 was added to the symbiosis system, biomass growth, intracellular carbonic anhydrase activity (CA), chlorophyll a content (CHL-a), photosynthetic characteristics of the two cultivation system, and removal efficiency of nutrients in biogas slurry and CO2 in biogas were significantly higher than those in the control group. The optimal concentration of B12 was determined to be 100 ng L-1 considering the removal efficiency of nutrients and CO2 . Maximum mean chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and CO2 removal efficiencies were 75.98 ± 6.26%, 78.46 ± 6.21%, 80.21 ± 6.83% and 61.08 ± 5.21% in Chlorella vulgaris-Ganoderma lucidum, respectively. This study showed the potential of microalgae and fungi symbiosis system with B12 addition for nutrient removal and biogas upgrading. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Vitamin B12 had positive effects on algal-fungal pellets growth. The optimal vitamin B12 concentration was 100 ng L-1 . The highest CO2 remove rate was 61.08% by G. lucidum/C. vulgaris pellets. Vitamin B12 significantly improved photosynthetic performance of pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
- Co-innovation Center of Green Building, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Jinan water Group Co. Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Chunzhi Zhao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqing Sun
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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24
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Zhu GC, Lu YZ, Xu LR. Effects of the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio on a system coupling simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) and denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR). Environ Technol 2021; 42:3048-3054. [PMID: 31969084 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1720310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) were coupled with a denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) to achieve simultaneous nutrient and carbon removal. With influent chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia-N (NH4+-N), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations of 250, 50, and 8 mg/L, the SND-DPR coupled system achieved stable nutrient removal efficiency of COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP were 91.8 ± 1.7%, 88.4 ± 1.8%, 64 ± 3.3% and 99.2 ± 0.6%, respectively. Enhancing the C/N ratio strengthened the storage of intracellular polymers and provided sufficient intracellular carbon sources for phosphorus uptake. The nutrient removal efficiency reached the highest level at a C/N ratio of 5, and no advantage was observed after increasing the C/N ratio to 7. Nutrients were mainly removed during the aerobic stage at a low DO concentration as well during the anoxic stage, which helped achieve concurrent nitrification and denitrification by ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHOs), promote denitrifying and aerobic phosphorus removal, and conserve organic carbon demand and energy consumption for aeration. The system was limited for DO in the aerobic stage at a low DO concentration, resulting in a deficiency in electron acceptors (O2 and NO3-N) and limiting the subsequent promotion of phosphorus uptake and TN removal. The limited DO content in the low DO stage was the key factor involved in enhancing the nutrient removal efficiency along with the increasing influent C/N ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Can Zhu
- School of Energy and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ze Lu
- School of Energy and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ran Xu
- School of Energy and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
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25
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Gatamaneni Loganathan B, Orsat V, Lefsrud M. Phycoremediation and valorization of synthetic dairy wastewater using microalgal consortia of Chlorella variabilis and Scenedesmus obliquus. Environ Technol 2021; 42:3231-3244. [PMID: 32009561 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1725143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are known to grow on wastewater utilizing their available nutrients. The residual algal biomass thus obtained could be used for producing value-added products thereby making it an economically viable and sustainable option for the dairy industry. The present study evaluates the ability of the microalgal consortia composed of Chlorella variabilis and Scenedesmus obliquus to treat and valorize diluted synthetic dairy wastewater under controlled laboratory conditions. The effect of time, inoculum concentration and light intensity on five responses, namely phosphate removal, ammoniacal nitrogen removal, COD removal, biomass productivity and lutein content, are studied by response surface methodology utilizing central composite design. The quadratic models are found to be suitable for phosphate removal, ammoniacal nitrogen removal, COD removal and biomass productivity. At optimized experimental conditions, the microalgal consortia exhibited phosphate removal of 70.19%, ammoniacal nitrogen removal of 86.22%, COD removal of 54.72%, biomass productivity of 29.13 mg/L/day and lutein content of 12.59 mg/g respectively. This study is of high importance as the lutein content exhibited by the microalgal consortia is higher when compared to other microalgal species and could be considered in the future as a commercial source of lutein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhalamurugan Gatamaneni Loganathan
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Valerie Orsat
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Mark Lefsrud
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
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26
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Lavrinovičs A, Murby F, Zīverte E, Mežule L, Juhna T. Increasing Phosphorus Uptake Efficiency by Phosphorus-Starved Microalgae for Municipal Wastewater Post-Treatment. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1598. [PMID: 34442678 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Four microalgal species, Chlorella vulgaris, Botryococcus braunii, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, and Tetradesmus obliquus were studied for enhanced phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater after their exposure to phosphorus starvation. Microalgae were exposed to phosphorus starvation conditions for three and five days and then used in a batch experiment to purify an effluent from a small WWTP. After 3-day P-starvation, C. vulgaris biomass growth rate increased by 50% and its PO4 removal rate reached > 99% within 7 days. B. braunii maintained good biomass growth rate and nutrient removal regardless of the P-starvation. All species showed 2–5 times higher alkaline phosphatase activity increase for P-starved biomass than at the reference conditions, responding to the decline of PO4 concentration in wastewater and biomass poly-P content. The overall efficiency of biomass P-starvation on enhanced phosphorus uptake was found to be dependent on the species, N/P molar ratio in the wastewater, as well as the biomass P content.
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27
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Cramer M, Tränckner J, Kotzbauer U. Kinetic of denitrification and enhanced biological phosphorous removal (EBPR) of a trickling filter operated in a sequence-batch-reactor-mode (SBR-TF). Environ Technol 2021; 42:2631-2640. [PMID: 31870223 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1709564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to their limited ability for nutrient removal, trickling filter systems (TFS) have almost fallen into oblivion today, even though they are robust and energy-efficient treatment systems. The advantage of this process technology, however, is the sessile biomass, which allows long periods of starvation without rinsing out the biomass. Therefore, this technology is promising for treating organic-polluted, intermittent stormwater-runoff. Several combinations with activated sludge systems (ASS) use the trickling filter as pre-treatment, requiring two separate treatment systems. This combines the advantages of both systems, but is paid with increased investment costs and space requirement. Due to these concerns, a trickling filter was developed that allows a nutrient removal without an additional ASS and exemplary tested for treating stormwater runoff of a silo facility. Beside aerobic conditions, anoxic and anaerobic steps have to be ensured during the process for nutrient removal. For this, the TFS is ponded with a mix of purified wastewater from the secondary clarification tank (containing nitrate) and untreated raw water (containing degradable COD). This allows both, an integration of upstream-denitrification and enhanced-biological-phosphorous-removal (EBPR). During the anoxic step, nitrate removal rates of 0.8 kgCOD m-3 d-1 can be expected, whereas a maximum COD removal rate of 4.5 kgCOD m-3 d-1 are achieved. To support complete nitrification of ammonia, a COD removal rate below 0.5 kgCOD m-3 d-1 is recommended. The anaerobic/aerobic PO4 uptake rate of the EBPR was 31%. These results show that a combination of trickling filter with ASS in one single reactor is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cramer
- Institute for Water Management, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Tränckner
- Institute for Water Management, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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28
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Ali P, Zalivina N, Le T, Riffat R, Ergas S, Wett B, Murthy S, Al-Omari A, deBarbadillo C, Bott C, De Clippeleir H. Primary sludge fermentate as carbon source for mainstream partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA). Water Environ Res 2021; 93:1044-1059. [PMID: 33277759 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Primary sludge fermentate, a concentrated hydrolyzed wastewater carbon, was evaluated for use as an alternative carbon source for mainstream partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA) in a suspended growth activated sludge process in terms of partial denitrification (PdN) efficiency, PdNA nitrogen removal contributions, and final effluent quality. Fermenter operation at a 2-day sludge retention time (SRT) resulted in the maximum achievable yield of 0.14 ± 0.05 g sCOD/g VSS without release of excessive ammonia and phosphorus to the system. Based on the results of batch experiments, fermentate addition led to PdN efficiency of 93 ± 14%, which was similar to acetate at a nitrate residual of 2-3 mg N/L. In the pilot-scale mainstream deammonification reactor, PdN efficiency using fermentate was 49 ± 24%, which was lower than acetate (66 ± 24% during acetate period I and 70 ± 21% during acetate period II), most probably due to lower nitrate and ammonium kinetics in the PdN zone. Methanol cost-saving potential for the application of PdNA as the main short-cut nitrogen pathway was estimated to be 30% to 55% depending on the PdN efficiency achieved. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Primary sludge fermentate was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for mainstream partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA). Fermenter operated at a 1 to 2 day SRT resulted in the maximum achievable yield without the release of excessive ammonia and phosphorus to the system. Although 93% partial denitrification efficiency was achieved with fermentate in batch experiments, around 49% PdN efficiency was achieved in pilot studies. Application of PdNA with fermentate can result in significant methanol cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Ali
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nadezhda Zalivina
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tri Le
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
- Environmental Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rumana Riffat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sarina Ergas
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
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29
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Fal S, Benhima R, El Mernissi N, Kasmi Y, Smouni A, El Arroussi H. Microalgae as promising source for integrated wastewater treatment and biodiesel production. Int J Phytoremediation 2021; 24:34-46. [PMID: 34000939 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1920572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been studied for their potential of wastewater treatment as well as a promising source for biodiesel production. This study investigates the potential of microalgae to remove nutrients from domestic wastewater (DWW) while producing lipids-rich biomass for biodiesel production. Eight microalgae were cultivated in (DWW) to evaluate their nutrients removal capacity and biomass production. Total phosphorus (TP) of DWW reduced from 2 mg L-1 to 0.02 mg L-1 with the treatment efficiency of 99.15% and the highest performance was noted in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii). For total nitrogen (TN), treatment efficiency climbed to 99.07%. It is reduced from 18.35 to 0.17 mg L-1 recorded in C. reinhardtii and Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa). On the other hand, all microalgae showed a high lipids-rich biomass in wastewater compared to BG11. The highest lipid content was 36.93% noted in Chlorella sorokiniana (C. sorokiniana). Fatty acids methyl ester (FAME) profiles showed a high content of palmitic C16:0, oleic C18:1 and stearic acids C18:0 in studied microalgae strains. In summary, microalgae envisage its potential application in integrated wastewater treatment and biodiesel production. In perspective, the authors focus on the validation of this bioprocess in pilot scale. Furthermore, the use of microalgae for other applications such CO2 biosequestration and added value products. Novelty statement: The present study investigates the potential of Moroccan microalgae as candidates to wastewater remediation and high biomass production with high lipid rate for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane Fal
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Redouane Benhima
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Najib El Mernissi
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yassin Kasmi
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Smouni
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham El Arroussi
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
- Agrobiosciences Program, University Mohamed 6 Polytechnic (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
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30
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Kurade MB, Awasthi MK, Govindwar SP, Jeon BH, Kalyani D. Editorial: Microbiotechnology Tools for Wastewater Cleanup and Organic Solids Reduction. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:631506. [PMID: 33679657 PMCID: PMC7935503 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.631506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mayur B Kurade
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sanjay P Govindwar
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dayanand Kalyani
- School of Industrial Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Ziganshina EE, Bulynina SS, Ziganshin AM. Assessment of Chlorella sorokiniana Growth in Anaerobic Digester Effluent. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:478. [PMID: 33802500 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered a potential source of valuable compounds for multiple purposes and are potential agents for bioremediation of aquatic environments contaminated with different pollutants. This work evaluates the use of agricultural waste, unsterilized and anaerobically digested, to produce biomass from a strain of Chlorella sorokiniana. Furthermore, the presence of bacteria in these wastes was investigated based on the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed a specific growth rate ranging between 0.82 and 1.45 day−1, while the final biomass yield in different digestate-containing treatments (bacterial-contaminated cultures) ranged between 0.33 and 0.50 g L−1 day−1. Besides, substantial amounts of ammonium, phosphate, and sulfate were consumed by C. sorokiniana during the experimental period. The predominant bacteria that grew in the presence of C. sorokiniana in the effluent-containing treatments belonged to the genera Chryseobacterium, Flavobacterium, Sphingomonas, Brevundimonas, Hydrogenophaga, Sphingobacterium, and Pseudomonas. Therefore, this microalga can tolerate and grow in the presence of other microorganisms. Finally, these results show that anaerobically digested agricultural waste materials are a good substitute for growth media for green microalgae; however, phosphate and sulfate levels must also be controlled in the media to maintain adequate growth of microalgae.
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di Cicco MR, Palmieri M, Altieri S, Ciniglia C, Lubritto C. Cultivation of the Acidophilic Microalgae Galdieria phlegrea with Wastewater: Process Yields. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:2291. [PMID: 33652560 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Algal based wastewater treatment offers the opportunity to recover, in the form of biomass, the nutrients and internal chemical energy of wastewater. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of extremophilic microalgae, as they can easily adapt to difficult and often pollutant-rich environments. The thermo-acidophilic microalga Galdieria phlegrea is a species of recent discovery and great metabolic versatility, but it has still been poorly studied. Here, G. phlegrea was cultivated using raw municipal wastewater in 1 L Erlenmeyer flasks with 700 mL working volume at 37 °C for up to nine days. During the cultivation phase, biomass growth, phycocyanin content, ammonium and phosphate removal from the wastewater, lipid fraction, total carbon and nitrogen in the biomass, and variation in δ13C and δ15N isotopic ratios (a novel analytical contribution in these experiments) were monitored. Results indicated that G. phlegrea was able to grow in raw effluent, where it removed more than 50% ammonium and 20% phosphate in 24 h; total lipid content was in the range of 11–22%, while average C-N content was of 45% and 6%, respectively; isotopic analyses proved to be a useful support in identifying C and N metabolic pathways from effluent to biomass. Overall, G. phlegrea showed consistent performance with similar Cyanidiophyceae and is a potentially viable candidate for municipal wastewater valorization from a circular economy perspective.
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Baldisserotto C, Demaria S, Accoto O, Marchesini R, Zanella M, Benetti L, Avolio F, Maglie M, Ferroni L, Pancaldi S. Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Thickening Effluent of an Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant by an Isolated Green Microalga. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9121802. [PMID: 33353199 PMCID: PMC7766996 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms and are considered excellent candidates for a wide range of biotechnological applications, including the removal of nutrients from urban wastewaters, which they can recover and convert into biomass. Microalgae-based systems can be integrated into conventional urban wastewater treatment plants (WW-TP) to improve the water depuration process. However, microalgal strain selection represents a crucial step for effective phytoremediation. In this work, a microalga isolated from the effluent derived from the thickening stage of waste sludge of an urban WW-TP was selected and tested to highlight its potential for nutrient removal. Ammonium and phosphate abatements by microalgae were evaluated using both the effluent and a synthetic medium in a comparative approach. Parallelly, the isolate was characterized in terms of growth capability, morphology, photosynthetic pigment content and photosystem II maximum quantum yield. The isolated microalga showed surprisingly high biomass yield and removal efficiency of both ammonium and phosphate ions from the effluent but not from the synthetic medium. This suggests its clear preference to grow in the effluent, linked to the overall characteristics of this matrix. Moreover, biomass from microalgae cultivated in wastewater was enriched in photosynthetic pigments, polyphosphates, proteins and starch, but not lipids, suggesting its possible use as a biofertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Baldisserotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.B.); (S.D.); (O.A.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Sara Demaria
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.B.); (S.D.); (O.A.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Ornella Accoto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.B.); (S.D.); (O.A.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Roberta Marchesini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.B.); (S.D.); (O.A.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Marcello Zanella
- HERA SpA—Direzione Acqua, Via C. Diana, 40, Cassana, 44044 Ferrara, Italy; (M.Z.); (L.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Linda Benetti
- HERA SpA—Direzione Acqua, Via C. Diana, 40, Cassana, 44044 Ferrara, Italy; (M.Z.); (L.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Avolio
- HERA SpA—Direzione Acqua, Via C. Diana, 40, Cassana, 44044 Ferrara, Italy; (M.Z.); (L.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Michele Maglie
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.B.); (S.D.); (O.A.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.B.); (S.D.); (O.A.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.B.); (S.D.); (O.A.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (L.F.)
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Pang N, Bergeron AD, Gu X, Fu X, Dong T, Yao Y, Chen S. Recycling of Nutrients from Dairy Wastewater by Extremophilic Microalgae with High Ammonia Tolerance. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:15366-15375. [PMID: 33190494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the possibility of incorporating extremophilic algal cultivation into dairy wastewater treatment by characterizing a unique algal strain. Results showed that extremophilic microalgae Chlorella vulgaris CA1 newly isolated from dairy wastewater tolerated a high level of ammonia nitrogen (2.7 g/L), which was over 20 times the ammonia nitrogen that regular Chlorella sp. could tolerate. The isolate was mixotrophically cultured in dairy effluent treated by anaerobic digestion (AD) for recycling nutrients and polishing the wastewater. The highest biomass content of 13.3 g/L and protein content of 43.4% were achieved in the culture in AD effluent. Up to 96% of the total nitrogen and 79% of the total phosphorus were removed from the dairy AD effluent. The ability of the algae to tolerate a high level of ammonia nitrogen suggests the potential for direct nutrient recycling from dairy wastewater while producing algal biomass and high value bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Pang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Andre David Bergeron
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Xiangyu Gu
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Tao Dong
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Yiqing Yao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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Rong Y, Shao JB, Yu YC, Shi X, Jin PK. [Characteristics of Nutrient Removal in a Pilot-scale A 2/O with Mixture of Sludge Fermentation Liquor and Tail Water as External Carbon Source]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2020; 41:5089-5096. [PMID: 33124252 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202004241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To resolve the issue of sewage fluctuation and discontinuity in a rural district of China, a new operation mode of replenishing the mixture of fermentation liquor and tail water during the off-flow period was proposed, and the nutrient removal performance of a pilot-scale A2/O system with this operation mode was investigated. The results of beaker experiments found that the mixture of tail water and fermentation liquor at a ratio of 12:1 had better denitrification and phosphorus release/absorption characteristics than the raw water, and theoretically had the function of enhancing denitrification and phosphorus removal performances. The results of a 97 d pilot test showed that the removal efficiency of TN and TP was improved after the system was adjusted from the constant flow mode to this new operation mode, and the average removal rate of TN and TP increased from 69.27% and 86.94% to 73.34% and 89.94%, respectively. The corresponding average effluent concentration decreased from 15.77 mg·L-1 and 0.80 mg·L-1 to 13.76 mg·L-1 and 0.64 mg·L-1. The sequencing results of the 16S rRNA gene showed that this new operation mode was beneficial to the enrichment of five common hydrolytic acidizing bacteria genera, six phosphorus-accumulating organisms genera, and four denitrifying bacteria genera. This was also the main reason for the improved nutrient removal performance. According to the long-term monitoring of the characteristics of activated sludge, this new operating mode will degrade the sedimentation performance of activated sludge in the system, and the average SVI increased from 106 mL·g-1 to 131 mL·g-1. However, this degree of deterioration did not adversely affect the sludge activity and nutrients removal performance of the system, and there was no sludge bulking in the entire experiment. The results of this study have shown that the A2/O system can maintain and improve the performance of nutrients removal by replenishing the mixture of tail water and sludge fermentation liquor when the flow is cut off. This will provide new ideas for the design and operation of sewage treatment plants in rural areas in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rong
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jin-Bo Shao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - You-Cheng Yu
- Shaanxi Urstar Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Baoji 721300, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Peng-Kang Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Ziganshina EE, Bulynina SS, Ziganshin AM. Comparison of the Photoautotrophic Growth Regimens of Chlorella sorokiniana in a Photobioreactor for Enhanced Biomass Productivity. Biology (Basel) 2020; 9:E169. [PMID: 32708813 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae have a wide industrial potential because of their high metabolic diversity and plasticity. Selection of optimal cultivation methods is important to optimize multi-purpose microalgal biotechnologies. In this research, Chlorella sorokiniana AM-02 that was isolated from a freshwater lake was cultured under various high photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) conditions and CO2 gas levels in standard Bold’s basal medium (BBM). Furthermore, a wide range of nitrate levels (180–1440 mg L−1) was tested on the growth of C. sorokiniana. Microalgae growth, pigment concentration, medium pH, exit gas composition, as well as nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate levels were measured during an experimental period. The preferred high PPFD and optimal CO2 levels were found to be 1000–1400 μmol photons m−2 s−1 and 0.5–2.0% (v/v), respectively. The addition of nitrate ions (up to 1440 mg L−1) to the standard growth medium increased final optical density (OD750), cell count, pigment concentration, and total biomass yield but decreased the initial growth rate at high nitrate levels. Our findings can serve as the basis for a robust photoautotrophic cultivation system to maximize the productivity of large-scale microalgal cultures.
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Tahir A, Rukminasari N, Yaqin K, Lukman M. Increasing CO 2 concentration impact upon nutrient absorption and removal efficiency of supra intensive shrimp pond wastewater by marine microalgae Tetraselmis chui. Int J Phytoremediation 2020; 23:64-71. [PMID: 32662344 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1791051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing CO2 concentration on the growth and the capability of Tetraselmis chui. in removal of nitrate, ammonium and phosphate from shrimp pond wastewater (SPWW). The factorial experimental design was used with the treatment of SPWW percentage in culture medium, namely: 100% SPWW, 75% SPWW + 25% Sea Water (SW) and 75% SW + 25% SPWW coupled with three CO2 concentration treatments: 390 ppm, 550 ppm and 1000 ppm using CO2 system. Growth of T. chui. for lengh of cultivation period tended to be higher at treatments of 390 ppm CO2 and 100% SPWW, however there was a declining growth over period of cultivation for both treatments. The growth rate of T. chui was higher for all percentage of SPWW treatments in culture medium at 390 ppm CO2 concentration compared to other percentage of SPWW treatments and CO2 concentration treatments. There was a decreasing of growth rate with increasing CO2 concentration at 100% SPWW and 75% SPWW + 25% SW in culture medium. Nitrogen removal efficiency and removal rate by T. chui. were strongly affected by CO2 concentration. However, there was no significant effect of increasing CO2 concentration to removal efficiency and rate of PO4 by T. chui.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Tahir
- Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasnuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Nita Rukminasari
- Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasnuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Khusnul Yaqin
- Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasnuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Lukman
- Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasnuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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Lohrer AM, Stephenson F, Douglas EJ, Townsend M. Mapping the estuarine ecosystem service of pollutant removal using empirically validated boosted regression tree models. Ecol Appl 2020; 30:e02105. [PMID: 32086978 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Humans rely on the natural environment and benefit from the goods and services provided by natural ecosystems. Quantification and mapping of ecosystem services (ES) is required to better protect valued ES benefits under pressure from anthropogenic activities. The removal of excess nitrogen, a recognized catchment-derived pollutant, by biota in estuarine soft sediments is an important ES that potentially ameliorates the development of eutrophication symptoms. Here, we quantified estuarine benthic sediment characteristics and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA), a proxy of inorganic N removal, at 109 sites in four estuaries to develop a general ("global") model for predicting DEA. Our initial global model for linking DEA and environmental characteristics had good explanatory power, with sediment mud content having the strongest influence on DEA (60%), followed by sediment organic matter content (≈35%) and sediment chlorophyll a content (≈5%). Predicted and empirically evaluated DEA values in a fifth estuary (Whitford, n = 90 validation sites) were positively correlated (r = 0.77), and the fit and certainty of the model (based on two types of uncertainty measures) increased further after the validation sites were incorporated into it. The model tended to underpredict DEA at the upper end of its range (at the muddier, more organically enriched sites), and the relative roles of the three environmental predictors differed in Whitford relative to the four previously sampled estuaries (reducing the explained deviance relative to the initial global model). Our detailed quantification of DEA and methodological description for producing empirically validated maps, complete with uncertainty information, represents an important first step in the construction of nutrient pollution removal ES maps for use in coastal marine spatial management. This technique can likely be adapted to map other ecosystem functions and ES proxies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Lohrer
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11115, Hillcrest, Hamilton, 3214, New Zealand
| | - Fabrice Stephenson
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11115, Hillcrest, Hamilton, 3214, New Zealand
| | - Emily J Douglas
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11115, Hillcrest, Hamilton, 3214, New Zealand
| | - Michael Townsend
- Waikato Regional Council, Private Bag 3038, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
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Li Z, Yu E, Zhang K, Gong W, Xia Y, Tian J, Wang G, Xie J. Water Treatment Effect, Microbial Community Structure, and Metabolic Characteristics in a Field-Scale Aquaculture Wastewater Treatment System. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:930. [PMID: 32655501 PMCID: PMC7325950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Avoiding and mitigating the introduction of harmful effluent into the environment must be a key part of intensive industrial aquaculture development in order to minimize pollution impacts. We constructed a novel field-scale aquaculture wastewater treatment system (FAWTS) involving three-stage purification to efficiently remove nutrients from effluent wastewater. However, the mechanisms of nutrient attenuation in the FAWTS are still unclear. Since microbiota play an important role in the treatment of aquatic pollutants, we hypothesized that the different stages of FAWTS may have enriched various nutrient-metabolizing bacteria, with these promoting nutrient attenuation. We therefore tested microbial metabolic activity, microbial composition, and their metabolic potential using Biolog-GN2 microplate culture and high-throughput sequencing of prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Our results showed that the FAWTS displayed high removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand (COD, 74.4-91.2%), total nitrogen (TN, 66.9-86.8%), and total phosphorus (TP, 76.2-95.9%). Simultaneously, microbial metabolic activity for various carbon sources was significantly enhanced in FAWTS biofilms. Denitrifying and phosphorus-removing bacteria such as Rhodobacter were enriched in these biofilms, and genes participating in denitrification and the pathway from methylphosphonate to α-D-ribose-1,5-bisphosphate were increased in the biofilm communities. These results imply that the transformed multistep purification system effectively removed N, P, and COD from aquaculture wastewater by enhancing the bacterial communities involved in these processes. This suggests that contamination-free aquaculture is a feasible goal, and that microbial communities are central to pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ermeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangbao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center, Guangzhou, China
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Guimarães LB, Wagner J, Akaboci TRV, Daudt GC, Nielsen PH, van Loosdrecht MCM, Weissbrodt DG, da Costa RHR. Elucidating performance failures in use of granular sludge for nutrient removal from domestic wastewater in a warm coastal climate region. Environ Technol 2020; 41:1896-1911. [PMID: 30465694 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1551938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of domestic wastewater and a coastal warm climate on granular sludge and biological nutrient removal were evaluated using a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The reactor operation employed two different operational strategies (OS) based on up-flow feeding regimes, defined as fast (OS1, flow rate = 18.0 L min-1 and flow velocity = 22.0 m h-1) and slow (OS2, flow rate = 3.5 L min-1 and flow velocity = 4.3 m h-1). Under slow feeding, larger (OS1: 290 µm; OS2: 450 µm) and faster settling granules were obtained (OS1: 109; OS2: 74 mL g-1 TSS). The slow feeding regime was also advantageous for the hydrolysis of particulate organic matter (OS1: 1.3; OS2: 3.1 g CODtot g-1 VSS d-1) and for phosphorus removal (OS1: <33%; OS2: >97.5%). Neither strategy resulted in substantial biomass accumulation in the reactor (OS1: 0.7; OS2: 1.5 g VSS L-1), and high concentrations of nitrite were observed in the effluent (9-27 mg [Formula: see text] L-1). Ordinary heterotrophic organisms dominated the granular sludge developed under both feeding regimes (OS1: 30% of Thauera; OS2: 56% of Comamonas), while polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) were only detected during OS2 (2.3-3.4% of total bacteria). A successful granular sludge process should be able to cope with high fluctuations in wastewater loads caused by rain events (82-182 mm month-1 in Florianopolis, Brazil). In order to achieve higher water quality, strategies identified for an efficient granular sludge SBR operation included (i) management of an anaerobic phase for PAO selection, and (ii) aeration control for successful nitrification/denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena B Guimarães
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Centre for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jamile Wagner
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tiago R V Akaboci
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gilberto C Daudt
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Per H Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Centre for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - David G Weissbrodt
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Centre for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rejane H R da Costa
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
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Trotochaud L, Hawkins BT, Stoner BR. Non-biological methods for phosphorus and nitrogen removal from wastewater: A gap analysis of reinvented-toilet technologies with respect to ISO 30500. Gates Open Res 2020; 3:559. [PMID: 32494770 PMCID: PMC7232852 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12931.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge (RTTC) include creation of an off-the-grid sanitation system with operating costs of less than US$0.05 per user per day. Because of the small scale at which many reinvented toilets (RT) are intended to operate, non-biological treatment has been generally favored. The RTTC has already instigated notable technological advances in non-sewered sanitation systems (NSSS). However, increasingly stringent liquid effluent standards for N and P could limit the deployment of current RT in real-world scenarios, despite the urgent need for these systems. The newly adopted ISO 30500 standards for water reuse in NSSS dictate minimal use of chemical/biological additives, while at the same time requiring a 70% and 80% reduction in total nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. This document provides a brief overview of the mature and emerging technologies for N and P (specifically ammonia/ammonium and orthophosphate) removal from wastewater. At present, the dearth of nutrient removal methods proven to be effective at small scales is a significant barrier to meeting ISO 30500 standards. Closing the gap between RTs and ISO 30500 will require significant investments in basic R&D of emerging technologies for non-biological N and P remediation and/or increased reliance on biological processes. Adaptation of existing nutrient-removal technologies to small-scale NSSS is a viable option that merits additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Trotochaud
- Center for WaSH-AID, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | | | - Brian R. Stoner
- Center for WaSH-AID, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
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42
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Xu Q, Renault S, Goltz D, Yuan Q. Phytoremediation of waste dumping site soil and landfill leachate by using cattail ( Typha latifolia). Environ Technol 2020; 41:1101-1106. [PMID: 30198835 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1521474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cattail (Typha latifolia) was used to remove Na+ and Cl- from polluted soil (PS) in a solid waste open dumping site. Hydroponic system was also evaluated to remove Na+ and Cl- from landfill leachate. The results indicated that the cattail grown in PS had higher biomass yield of 44.4 ± 3.29 g compared to that of control (35.3 ± 4.28 g). Nitrogen and phosphorous contents of cattails grown in PS were also higher than that of control plants, and the electrical conductivity of PS significantly decreased from 245 ± 1.40 to 51.9 ± 9.30 ms/m over the 5-week experimental duration. Na+ and Cl- contents from cattail grown on PS were 10.8 ± 1.85 and 64.7 ± 9.15 g/kg biomass, respectively. For cattails grown hydroponically in water containing leachate, nitrogen and phosphorous accumulation was 51.1 ± 5.94 and 9.32 ± 3.22 g/kg biomass, respectively. The corresponding biomass yield of these cattails was 13.5 ± 1.29 g at the end of 5 weeks. In addition, the Na+ and Cl- accumulation of 55.5 ± 4.82 and 78.2 ± 28.3 g/Kg biomass, respectively, was higher in hydroponic cattails grown in this study. Overall, the results suggest the effectiveness of cattails for phytoremediation of contaminated soil and the high efficiency of hydroponic system for nutrient and salinity removal compared to the conventional soil test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sylvie Renault
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Doug Goltz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Qiuyan Yuan
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Choi HJ, Lee SY. Use of hybrid microcapsules, chitosan-methyl esterified sericite-tannin, for the removal of harmful lake algae and nutrient. Environ Technol 2020; 41:822-831. [PMID: 30102126 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1511753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper outlines the development of a novel, low-cost, hybrid material from chitosan-methyl esterified sericite-tannin. The adsorbent material is then successfully utilized for the efficient removal of lake nutrients and harmful algae. In a FT-IR analysis, peaks related to -OH stretching, carbonyl and carboxylic groups, and CH stretching were newly created or expanded, and microcapsules were found to facilitate the removal of harmful algae and nutrients. The hybrid microcapsules obtained high removal efficiencies of 98% TN, 98% TP, and 99% Chl-a from the lake water by a quantity of hybrid microcapsules of 1 g/L, pH (7-8), and 30 min contact time at (25-30)°C. In addition, the experimental data were applied to various harmful algae growth models and were most suitable for the Heldane model. Based on the above results, microcapsules can be applied in the field, and can be expected to rapidly remove nutrients and harmful algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jeong Choi
- Department of Health and Environment, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yun Lee
- Department of Physics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea
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Xu L, Cheng S, Zhuang P, Xie D, Li S, Liu D, Li Z, Wang F, Xing F. Assessment of the Nutrient Removal Potential of Floating Native and Exotic Aquatic Macrophytes Cultured in Swine Manure Wastewater. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E1103. [PMID: 32050519 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Although eutrophication and biological invasion have caused serious harm to aquatic ecosystems, exotic and even invasive plants have been used extensively in phytoremediation water systems in China. To identify native aquatic plants with excellent water restoration potential, two representative native floating aquatic plants from Guangdong Province, namely Ludwigia adscendens (PL) and Trapa natans (PT), were selected, with Eichhornia crassipes as a control, to study their growth status, adaptability, and nutrient removal potentials in swine manure wastewater. The results demonstrated that the two native plants offered greater advantages than E. crassipes in water restoration. Within 60 days, PL and PT exhibited excellent growth statuses, and their net biomass growth rates were 539.8% and 385.9%, respectively, but the E. crassipes decayed and died with an increasing HRT (hydraulic retention time). The PL and PT could adjust the pH of the wastewater, improve the dissolved oxygen and oxidation-reduction potential, and reduce the electrical conductivity value. The removal rates of NH4+–N, NO3−–N, NO2−–N, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and Chl-a in the PL group reached 98.67%, 64.83%, 26.35%, 79.30%, 95.90%, 69.62%, and 92.23%, respectively; those in the PT group reached 99.47%, 95.83%, 85.17%, 83.73%, 88.72%, 75.06%, and 91.55%, respectively. The absorption contribution rates of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the PL group were 40.6% and 43.5%, respectively, while those in the PT group were 36.9% and 34.5%, respectively. The results indicated that L. adscendens and T. natans are both promising aquatic plants for application to the restoration of swine manure wastewater in subtropical areas.
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Szabó S, Peeters ETHM, Borics G, Veres S, Nagy PT, Lukács BA. The Ecophysiological Response of Two Invasive Submerged Plants to Light and Nitrogen. Front Plant Sci 2020; 10:1747. [PMID: 32117336 PMCID: PMC7019179 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two submerged Elodea species have small differences in their ecophysiological responses when exposed to individual environmental factors. However, field observations showed that under eutrophic conditions with low light availability, Elodea canadensis could be displaced by Elodea nuttallii. Here we investigated the combined effect of environmental factors on the ecophysiological response of the two species in order to explain the differences in their invasion successes. We cultivated the plants in aquaria containing five different nitrogen (N) concentrations and incubated at five different light intensities. For both species increasing nitrogen concentrations resulted in increased relative growth rate, chlorophyll concentration, and actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII), however, they produced less roots. Lowering light intensity resulted in a lower relative growth rate, root production, and nutrient removal. In contrast, chlorophyll concentration in the leaves, and ΦPSII increased. The main difference between the two Elodea species was that the light compensation point (I c) and weight loss in the dark were significantly higher and photochemical efficiency and chlorophyll concentration were significantly lower for E. canadensis than for E. nuttallii, indicating that the latter can survive under much more shady and hypertrophic conditions. The change in nitrogen concentration of the media and in tissue concentration of the plants indicated that E. nuttallii has a higher nitrogen removal capacity. The ecophysiological differences between the two species can be an explanation for invasion success of E. nuttallii over E. canadensis and thus may explain why the latter is replaced by the first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Szabó
- Department of Biology, University of Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | | | - Gábor Borics
- Department of Tisza River Research, Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Veres
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Crop Physiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Crop Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Tamás Nagy
- Institute of Water and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs András Lukács
- Wetland Ecology Research Group, Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Debrecen, Hungary
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Rong Y, Liu XC, He YX, Zhang WS, Jin PK. [Enhanced Nutrient Removal and Microbial Community Structure in a Step-feed A 2/O Process Treating Low-C/N Municipal Wastewater]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2020; 40:4113-4120. [PMID: 31854875 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201903192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To resolve the issue of insufficient influent carbon sources in existing municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China, a pilot-scale step-feed A2/O process was used to treat low-C/N (C/N<5) municipal sewage with five different inflow distribution ratios. In this study, the effects of influent flow distribution on the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were investigated. The results showed that optimal removal efficiencies of 89.41% for COD, 95.30% for NH4+-N, 83.00% for TN, and 90.09% for TP were obtained at an inflow QPA:QAN:QA distribution ratio of 0.1:0.2:0.3. The activated sludge exhibited excellent settleability characteristics, showing a sludge volume index (SVI)<120 mL·g-1 with an average volatile suspended solids (VSS) total suspended solids (TSS) ratio of 0.84 (Phase 5), and no filamentous bacteria bulking occurred during the 120-day experiment. Moreover, the microbial community structure in the oxic zone was detected by high-throughput sequencing. The results demonstrated that excellent nutrient removal and sludge settling performance of the system were closely related to the enrichment of six types of heterotrophic bacteria, four types of denitrifying bacteria, five types of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs), and two types of zoogloea and the elimination of three types of filamentous bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rong
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiao-Chai Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yin-Xuan He
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Wu-Shou Zhang
- Shaanxi Langzheng Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Peng-Kang Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Pachés M, Martínez-Guijarro R, González-Camejo J, Seco A, Barat R. Selecting the most suitable microalgae species to treat the effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor. Environ Technol 2020; 41:267-276. [PMID: 29963975 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1496148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional treatments for nutrient removal in wastewater are shifting to Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors, which produce a high-quality effluent with minimum sludge production. The effluent resulting contains high nitrogen and phosphorus load that can be eliminated by microalgae culture. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ammonium and phosphorus removal rate of different microalgae species in the effluent of an anaerobic treatment. For that, 4 different microalgae species have been tested (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris and Monoraphidium braunii) in batch monoculture and mixed conditions. Results indicate that all species are able to eliminate both P and N in the medium with high removal rates. However, a slight interspecies competition may boost these removal rates and productivity values ensuring, the success of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pachés
- Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Martínez-Guijarro
- Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - J González-Camejo
- Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Seco
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Barat
- Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Fleck L, Ferreira Tavares MH, Eyng E, Orssatto F. Optimization of the nitrification process of wastewater resulting from cassava starch production. Environ Technol 2019; 40:3318-3327. [PMID: 29717919 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1472300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study has the objective of optimizing operational conditions of an aerated reactor applied to the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from wastewater resulting from the production of cassava starch. An aerated reactor with a usable volume of 4 L and aeration control by rotameter was used. The airflow and cycle time parameters were controlled and their effects on the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen and the conversion to nitrate were evaluated. The highest ammoniacal nitrogen removal, of 96.62%, occurred under conditions of 24 h and 0.15 L min-1 Lreactor-1. The highest nitrate conversion, of 24.81%, occurred under conditions of 40.92 h and 0.15 L min-1 Lreactor-1. The remaining value of ammoniacal nitrogen was converted primarily into nitrite, energy, hydrogen and water. The optimal operational values of the aerated reactor are 29.25 h and 0.22 L min-1 Lreactor-1. The mathematical models representative of the process satisfactorily describe ammoniacal nitrogen removal efficiency and nitrate conversion, presenting errors of 2.87% and 3.70%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Fleck
- Post Graduate Agricultural Engineering Program, Western Parana State University , Cascavel , Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Eyng
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Federal University of Technology , Medianeira Brazil
| | - Fabio Orssatto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Federal University of Technology , Medianeira Brazil
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Sun S, Hu C, Gao S, Zhao Y, Xu J. Influence of three microalgal-based cultivation technologies on different domestic wastewater and biogas purification in photobioreactor. Water Environ Res 2019; 91:679-688. [PMID: 30844098 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of different microalgae and culture methods on the purification of domestic wastewater and biogas, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus were selected. Three different culture methods (monoculture, microalgal-fungi cocultivation, and microalgal-activated sludge cocultivation) were used to remove nutrients from four different domestic wastewaters and remove CO2 from raw biogas in a photobioreactor. The results show that the effluent from the centrate of pretreated urban wastewater (WW4) achieved the highest nutrient and CO2 removal efficiency. Cocultivation of C. vulgaris and activated sludge achieved the highest COD, TP, and CO2 removal efficiencies of 79.27%, 81.25%, and 60.39% with WW4, respectively. Cocultivation of C. vulgaris and fungi achieved the highest TN removal efficiency of 78.46% with WW4. The contents of C, N, and P in the microalgal-activated sludge symbiont after treatment exceeded 50%, 8%, and 0.8%, respectively. Highly economically efficient energy consumption was achieved with WW4 for both C. vulgaris and S. obliquus. Microalgal-activated sludge cocultivation was identified as the optimal option for the simultaneous purification of wastewater and biogas based on its high pollution and CO2 removal efficiency. This provides a reference for the microalgal-based purification of actual domestic wastewater and raw biogas. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Nutrient and CO2 were efficiently removed by C. vulgaris with activated sludge. CO2 was removed up to 60.4% and was economically viable. Cocultivation of C. vulgaris and fungi could achieve the highest TN removal with WW4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Sun
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Changwei Hu
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shumei Gao
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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Guerra-Renteria AS, García-Ramírez MA, Gómez-Hermosillo C, Gómez-Guzmán A, González-García Y, González-Reynoso O. Metabolic Pathway Analysis of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake by the Consortium between C. vulgaris and P. aeruginosa. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1978. [PMID: 31018518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have increased the amount of urban wastewater discharged into natural aquatic reservoirs containing a high amount of nutrients such as phosphorus (Pi and PO4−3), nitrogen (NH3 and NO3−) and organic contaminants. Most of the urban wastewater in Mexico do not receive any treatment to remove nutrients. Several studies have reported that an alternative to reduce those contaminants is using consortiums of microalgae and endogenous bacteria. In this research, a genome-scale biochemical reaction network is reconstructed for the co-culture between the microalga Chlorella vulgaris and the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Metabolic Pathway Analysis (MPA), is applied to understand the metabolic capabilities of the co-culture and to elucidate the best conditions in removing nutrients. Theoretical yields for phosphorus removal under photoheterotrophic conditions are calculated, determining their values as 0.042 mmol of PO4−3 per g DW of C. vulgaris, 19.43 mmol of phosphorus (Pi) per g DW of C. vulgaris and 4.90 mmol of phosphorus (Pi) per g DW of P. aeruginosa. Similarly, according to the genome-scale biochemical reaction network the theoretical yields for nitrogen removal are 10.3 mmol of NH3 per g DW of P. aeruginosa and 7.19 mmol of NO3− per g DW of C. vulgaris. Thus, this research proves the metabolic capacity of these microorganisms in removing nutrients and their theoretical yields are calculated.
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