1
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Zhou C, Wang P, Li J, Zhang Y, Bai J, Cui H, Liu G, Long M, Zhou B. Synergistic catalysis of TiO 2/WO 3 photoanode and Sb-SnO 2 electrode with highly efficient ClO• generation for urine treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134118. [PMID: 38547752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Urine is the major source of nitrogen pollutants in domestic sewage and is a neglected source of H2. Although ClO• is used to overcome the poor selectivity and slow kinetics of urea decomposition, the generation of ClO• suffers from the inefficient formation reaction of HO• and reactive chlorine species (RCS). In this study, a synergistic catalytic method based on TiO2/WO3 photoanode and Sb-SnO2 electrode efficiently producing ClO• is proposed for urine treatment. The critical design is that TiO2/WO3 photoanode and Sb-SnO2 electrode that generate HO• and RCS, respectively, are assembled in a confined space through face-to-face (TiO2/WO3//Sb-SnO2), which effectively strengthens the direct reaction of HO• and RCS. Furthermore, a Si solar panel as rear photovoltaic cell (Si PVC) is placed behind TiO2/WO3//Sb-SnO2 to fully use sunlight and provide the driving force of charge separation. The composite photoanode (TiO2/WO3//Sb-SnO2 @Si PVC) has a ClO• generation rate of 260% compared with the back-to-bake assembly way. In addition, the electrons transfer to the NiFe LDH@Cu NWs/CF cathode for rapid H2 production by the constructed photoelectric catalytic (PEC) cell without applied external biasing potential, in which the H2 production yield reaches 84.55 μmol h-1 with 25% improvement of the urine denitrification rate. The superior performance and long-term stability of PEC cell provide an effective and promising method for denitrification and H2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Pengbo Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Hanbo Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Geying Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Mingce Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Baoxue Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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2
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Tang D, Wu L, Li L, Fu N, Chen C, Zhang Y, Zhao J. A controlled non-radical chlorine activation pathway on hematite photoanodes for efficient oxidative chlorination reactions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3018-3027. [PMID: 38404385 PMCID: PMC10882502 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06337b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Photo(electro)catalytic chlorine oxidation has emerged as a useful method for chemical transformation and environmental remediation. However, the reaction selectivity usually remains low due to the high activity and non-selectivity characteristics of free chlorine radicals. In this study, we report a photoelectrochemical (PEC) strategy for achieving controlled non-radical chlorine activation on hematite (α-Fe2O3) photoanodes. High selectivity (up to 99%) and faradaic efficiency (up to 90%) are achieved for the chlorination of a wide range of aromatic compounds and alkenes by using NaCl as the chlorine source, which is distinct from conventional TiO2 photoanodes. A comprehensive PEC study verifies a non-radical "Cl+" formation pathway, which is facilitated by the accumulation of surface-trapped holes on α-Fe2O3 surfaces. The new understanding of the non-radical Cl- activation by semiconductor photoelectrochemistry is expected to provide guidance for conducting selective chlorine atom transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Liubo Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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3
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Gao X, Zhang S, Wang P, Jaroniec M, Zheng Y, Qiao SZ. Urea catalytic oxidation for energy and environmental applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1552-1591. [PMID: 38168798 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00963g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Urea is one of the most essential reactive nitrogen species in the nitrogen cycle and plays an indispensable role in the water-energy-food nexus. However, untreated urea or urine wastewater causes severe environmental pollution and threatens human health. Electrocatalytic and photo(electro)catalytic urea oxidation technologies under mild conditions have become promising methods for energy recovery and environmental remediation. An in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanisms of the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is important to design efficient electrocatalysts/photo(electro)catalysts for these technologies. This review provides a critical appraisal of the recent advances in the UOR by means of both electrocatalysis and photo(electro)catalysis, aiming to comprehensively assess this emerging field from fundamentals and materials, to practical applications. The emphasis of this review is on the design and development strategies for electrocatalysts/photo(electro)catalysts based on reaction pathways. Meanwhile, the UOR in natural urine is discussed, focusing on the influence of impurity ions. A particular emphasis is placed on the application of the UOR in energy and environmental fields, such as hydrogen production by urea electrolysis, urea fuel cells, and urea/urine wastewater remediation. Finally, future directions, prospects, and remaining challenges are discussed for this emerging research field. This critical review significantly increases the understanding of current progress in urea conversion and the development of a sustainable nitrogen economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Pengtang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Mietek Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Yao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Shi-Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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4
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Xie C, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhou T, Zhou C, Li L, Bai J, Zhu H, Zhou B. Enhanced •Cl generation by introducing electrophilic Cu(II) in Co 3O 4 anode for efficient total nitrogen removal with hydrogen recovery in urine treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120847. [PMID: 37976956 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Urine is a nitrogen-containing waste, but can be used as an attractive alternative substrate for H2 recovery. However, conventional urea oxidation reaction is subject to complex six-electron transfer kinetics and requires alkaline conditions. Herein, an efficient method of enhancing •Cl generation by introducing electrophilic Cu(II) into Co3O4 nanowires anode was proposed, which realized the highly efficient TN removal and H2 production in urine treatment under neutral conditions. The key mechanism is that the electrophilic effect of Cu(II) attracts electrons from the oxygen atom, which causes the oxygen atom to further attract electrons from Co(II), reducing the charge density of Co(II). Electrophilic Cu(II) accelerates the difficult conversion step of Co(II) to Co(III), which enhances the generation of •Cl. The generated •Cl efficiently converts urea to N2, while the electron transport promotes H2 production on the CuO@CF nanowires cathode. Results showed that the steady-state concentration of •Cl was increased to about 1.5 times by the Cu(II) introduction. TN removal and H2 production reached 94.7% and 642.1 μmol after 50 min, which was 1.6 times and 1.5 times that of Co3O4 system, respectively. It was also 2.3 times and 2.1 times of RuO2, and 3.3 times and 2.5 times of Pt, respectively. Moreover, TN removal was 11.0 times higher than that of without •Cl mediation, and H2 production was 4.3 times higher. More importantly, excellent TN removal and H2 production were also observed in the actual urine treatment. This work provides a practical possibility for efficient total nitrogen removal and hydrogen recovery in urine wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tingsheng Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Changhui Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Baoxue Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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5
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Kuang W, Yan Z, Chen J, Ling X, Zheng W, Huang W, Feng C. A Bipolar Membrane-Integrated Electrochlorination Process for Highly Efficient Ammonium Removal in Mature Landfill Leachate: The Importance of ClO • Generation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:18538-18549. [PMID: 36240017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation has been demonstrated to be a useful method for removing biorefractory organic pollutants in mature landfill leachate but suffers from low efficiency in eliminating ammonium because of its resistance to being oxidized by HO• or free chlorine (FC) at decreased pH. Here, we propose a new bipolar membrane-electrochlorination (BPM-EC) process to address this issue. We found that the BPM-EC system was significantly superior to both the undivided and divided reactors with monopolar membranes in terms of elevated rate of ammonium removal, attenuated generation of byproducts (e.g., nitrate and chloramines), increased Faradaic efficiency, and decreased energy consumption. Mechanistic studies revealed that the integration of BPM was helpful in creating alkaline environments in the vicinity of the anode, which facilitated production of surface-bound HO• and FC and eventually promoted in situ generation of ClO•, a crucial reactive species mainly responsible for accelerating ammonium oxidation and selective transformation to nitrogen. The efficacy of BPM-EC in treating landfill leachates with different ammonium concentrations was verified under batch and continuous-flow conditions. A kinetic model that incorporates the key parameters was developed, which can successfully predict the optimal number of BPM-EC reactors (e.g., 2 and 5 for leachates containing 589.4 ± 5.5 and 1258.1 ± 9.6 mg L-1 NH4+-N, respectively) necessary for complete removal of ammonium. These findings reveal that the BPM-EC process shows promise in treating ammonium-containing wastewater, with advantages that include effectiveness, adaptability, and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Kuang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, PR China
| | - Zhang Yan
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, PR China
| | - Jinxiu Chen
- Guangdong Yinniu Environmental Information Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou510006, PR China
| | - Xiaotang Ling
- Guangdong Yinniu Environmental Information Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou510006, PR China
| | - Wenxiao Zheng
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, PR China
| | - Weijun Huang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, PR China
| | - Chunhua Feng
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, PR China
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6
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Du T, Shao S, Qian L, Meng R, Li T, Wu L, Li Y. Effects of photochlorination on the physicochemical transformation of polystyrene nanoplastics: Mechanism and environmental fate. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120367. [PMID: 37499544 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
With the increasingly severe plastic pollution, the environmental behavior and effects of nanoplastics (NPs) have attracted much attention. The transformation of NPs in natural and engineered environments (e.g., photooxidation, disinfection) can significantly alter the physicochemical properties and thus affect the fate and toxicity of NPs. However, how solar irradiation with free chlorine, an inevitable process once NPs enter the environment from wastewater treatment plants, affects the physicochemical properties of NPs is still unclear. In this study, the behavior and mechanism of polystyrene (PS) NPs transformation in the solar/chlorine process were evaluated. The results demonstrated that solar irradiation significantly enhanced the physicochemical transformation of PS NPs during chlorination, including chain scission, surface oxidation, and organic release. In addition, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and reactive species quenching experiments showed that chain scission and surface oxidation of PS NPs were primarily caused by direct oxidation of hydroxyl radicals and ozone, while reactive chlorine species played an indirect role. Moreover, photochlorination-induced changes in the properties of PS NPs enhanced the colloidal stability in synthetic wastewater solution and toxicity to Caenorhabditis elegans. These findings reveal an important transformation behavior of nanoplastics in the environment and emphasize the importance of accounting for photochlorination to accurately assess the ecological risk of nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Du
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Song Shao
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Liwen Qian
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ru Meng
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tong Li
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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7
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Jiang P, Zhou T, Bai J, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhou C, Zhou B. Nitrogen-containing wastewater fuel cells for total nitrogen removal and energy recovery based on Cl•/ClO• oxidation of ammonia nitrogen. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119914. [PMID: 37028212 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The excess nitrogen discharge into water bodies has resulted in extensive water pollution and human health risks, which has become a critical global issue. Moreover, nitrogenous wastewater contains considerable chemical energy contributed by organic pollutants and nitrogenous compounds. Therefore, the treatment of various kinds of nitrogen-containing wastewater for nitrogen removal and energy recovery is of significance. Biological methode and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are the main methods for nitrogen removal. However, biological treatment is easily inhibited by high-salinity, high ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N/NH4+-N), nitrite and toxic organics in wastewater, which limits its application. AOPs mainly induce in situ generation of highly reactive species, such as hydroxyl radical (HO•), sulfate radical (SO4•-) and chlorine radicals (Cl•, ClO•, Cl2•-), for nitrogen removal. Nevertheless, HO• shows low reactivity and N2 selectivity towards NH3-N/NH4+-N oxidation, and SO4•- also demonstrates unsatisfactory NH3-N/NH4+-N removal. It has been shown that Cl•/ClO• can efficiently remove NH3-N/NH4+-N with high N2 selectivity. The generation of Cl•/ClO• can be triggered by various techniques, among which the PEC technique shows great potential due to its higher efficiency for Cl•/ClO• generation and eco-friendly approach for pollutants degradation and energy recovery by utilizing solar energy. Cl•/ClO• oxidation of NH3-N/NH4+-N and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) reduction can be strengthened through the design of photoanode and cathode materials, respectively. Coupling with this two pathways, an exhaustive total nitrogen (TN) removal system is designed for complete TN removal. When introducing the mechanism into photocatalytic fuel cells (PFCs), the concept of nitrogen-containing wastewater fuel cells (NFCs) is proposed to treat several typical types of nitrogen-containing wastewater, achieving high-efficiency TN removal, organics degradation, toxic chlorate control, and energy recovery simultaneously. Recent research progress in this field is reviewed, summarized and discussed, and in-depth perspectives are proposed, providing new ideas for the resource treatment of nitrogen-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panyu Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Tingsheng Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Changhui Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Baoxue Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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8
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Zhang K, Duan Y, Graham N, Yu W. Efficient electrochemical generation of active chlorine to mediate urea and ammonia oxidation in a hierarchically porous-Ru/RuO 2-based flow reactor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 444:130327. [PMID: 36434919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical chlorination of urea to CO2 and N2 end-products, via active-chlorine-mediated oxidation under nearly neutral conditions, is an effective treatment for medium-concentrated urea-containing wastewater. Herein, we design a novel flow reactor integrated with three-dimensional hierarchically porous Ru/RuO2 architectures anchored on a Ti mesh. The hierarchically macroporous electrode can create sufficient exposure of catalytically active sites and facilitate the microscopic mass transport and diffusion inside the active layer, thereby contributing to the increased removal efficiency of urea-N and ammonia-N. The combined results of electrochemical measurements, UV-visible spectrometry and in situ Raman spectrometry, show that the OCl- species produced by chlorine evolution reaction (CER) are the main active constituents for removing urea-N. Theoretical calculations reveal thLTWAat the Ru/RuO2 possesses a moderate Cl binding strength, lower theoretical overpotentials of CER and a higher conductivity, compared with pure RuO2. On this basis, we assemble a circular flow reactor with the hierarchically porous electrodes in a two-electrode system to obtain an enhanced microfluidic process, which during 9 days of uninterrupted operation, at a high electrolysis current of 500 mA, achieve a total nitrogen removal of 92.6% and an energy consumption of 7.94 kWh kg-1 N, demonstrating the promising application of the novel process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yuanxiao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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9
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Liu X, Wang J. Selective oxidation of ammonia to dinitrogen gas by facile Co 2+/PMS/chloridion process through reactive chlorine radicals. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137648. [PMID: 36572361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The selective oxidation of ammonia to dinitrogen gas in some special wastewater is of paramount significance, but still a challenge. In this study, chlorine radical (Cl•)-mediated oxidation process was developed to realize the selective oxidation of NH4+-N to N2, in which Cl• was generated in Co2+/peroxymonosulfate (PMS)/chloridion (Cl-) system. The effect of various operational parameters on the efficiency and selectivity of ammonia oxidation to N2 was investigated, such as PMS concentration, Co2+ concentration, Cl- concentration and pH value. The experiment results showed that Cl•-mediated NH4+-N oxidation reaction exhibited high NH4+-N removal efficiency and considerable selectivity to N2 in the range of pH from 2.0 to 6.5. The removal efficiency of NH4+-N was 90.39%, and the selectivity of NH4+-N to N2 achieved up to 97.16%. The possible mechanism for high efficient and selective oxidation of NH4+-N to N2 was tentatively proposed. The process developed in this study could provide a novel technology for the treatment and selective oxidation of ammonium in some special types of ammonium-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Wastes Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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10
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Lu S, Li X, Liao Y, Zhang Z, Luo H, Zhang G. Boosting generation of reactive oxygen and chlorine species on TNT photoanode and Ni/graphite fiber cathode towards efficient oxidation of ammonia wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137363. [PMID: 36423725 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) process combining the merits of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis is considered as a promising ammonia oxidation technology for water treatment. However, some key issues, such as the limited in situ generation of oxidants on photoanode, slow mass transfer problem and generation of nitrate/nitrite by-products hinder the further application of PEC process in the treatment of ammonia pollutant. In this study, the graphite felt (GF) cathodes modified by different transition metals (Ni, Fe, Mn, Co, Cu) were screened by physicochemical and photoelectrochemical characterizations. The results show that the Ni-GF cathode with more Ni0 uniformly distributed on the GF surface had the best electrocatalytic activity to generate H2O2. The PEC system composed of 10.0 wt% Ni-GF cathode and optimized titania nanotubes (TNTs) photoanode selectively converted about 96.1% ammonia to N2 within 90 min. Compared with the single TNTs photoanode system, the ammonia oxidation reaction rate constant of the synergistic PEC oxidation system was increased by about two times, which demonstrated the role of the oxidants simultaneously generated on both anode and cathode. The in situ generated reactive oxygen-based oxidants and chlorine-based oxidants interacted together, and ClO• acted a leading role in the ammonia oxidation which were confirmed by quenching and probe experiments. In addition, the contributions of •OH and ClO• were significantly improved in the synergistic PEC oxidation system, compared with the single TNTs photoanode system. Furthermore, the nitrate by-products generated by the ammonia oxidation were further reduced on the Ni-GF cathode. The large amount of active chlorine and active oxygen generated on the electrode diffused into the bulk, effectively overcoming the mass transfer limitation of direct oxidation. Therefore, the developed TNTs photoanode/Ni-GF cathode system can continuously and efficiently convert ammonia to N2 without the formation of nitrate/nitrite by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xuechuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Yunkai Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Zhenghua Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Haijian Luo
- Education Center of Experiments and Innovations, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Guan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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11
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Tian L, Yin MY, Zheng LL, Chen Y, Liu W, Fan JP, Wu DS, Zou JP, Luo SL. Extremely efficient mineralizing CN- into N2 via a newly developed system of generating sufficient ClO•/Cl2•− and self-decreasing pH. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.123021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Zheng Z, Man JHK, Lo IMC. Integrating Reactive Chlorine Species Generation with H 2 Evolution in a Multifunctional Photoelectrochemical System for Low Operational Carbon Emissions Saline Sewage Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16156-16166. [PMID: 36326170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) suffer from high carbon emissions and are inefficient in removing emerging organic pollutants (EOPs). Consequently, we have developed a low operational carbon emissions multifunctional photoelectrochemical (PEC) system for saline sewage treatment to simultaneously remove organic pollutants, ammonia, and bacteria, coupled with H2 evolution. A reduced BiVO4 (r-BiVO4) photoanode with enhanced PEC properties, ascribed to constructing sufficient oxygen vacancies and V4+ species, was synthesized for the aforementioned technique. The PEC/r-BiVO4 process could treat saline sewage to meet local WWTPs' discharge standard in 40 min at 2.0 V vs Ag/AgCl and completely degrade carbamazepine (one of EOPs), coupled with 633 μmol of H2 production; 93.29% reduction in operational carbon emissions and 77.82% decrease in direct emissions were achieved by the PEC/r-BiVO4 process compared with large-scale WWTPs, attributed to the restrained generation of CH4 and N2O. The PEC system activated chloride ions in sewage to generate numerous reactive chlorine species and facilitate •OH production, promoting contaminants removal. The PEC system exhibited operational feasibility at varying pH and total suspended solids concentrations and has outstanding reusability and stability, confirming its promising practical potential. This study proposed a novel PEC reaction for reducing operational carbon emissions from saline sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexiao Zheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong999077, China
| | - Justin H K Man
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong999077, China
| | - Irene M C Lo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong999077, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong999077, China
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13
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Sun W, Zhang M, Li J, Peng C. Solar-Driven Catalytic Urea Oxidation for Environmental Remediation and Energy Recovery. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201263. [PMID: 35972075 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The water-energy nexus is highly related to sustainable societal development. As one of the most abundant biowastes discharged into the environment, mild abatements and green conversions of urea wastewater have been widely investigated. Due to abundant sources, global distribution, and easy control, light-based catalytic strategies have become alternative on-site treatment approaches. After comprehensively surveying the recent progress, recent achievements of urea oxidation under light irradiation are reviewed herein. Several typical light-promoted systems employed in urea conversion, including photocatalysis, photo-electrocatalysis, photo-biocatalysis, and photocatalytic fuel cells, are meticulously introduced and discussed, from catalyst designs and medium conditions to established mechanisms. To realize the goal of sustainability, the chemical energy in urea-rich water could be utilized for the value-added production of hydrogen fuel and electricity. Finally, based on current developments, existing challenges are enumerated and developmental prospects in the future of light-driven urea conversion technologies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jianan Li
- National Engineering Research Centre of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chong Peng
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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14
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Cui L, Zhang Y, He K, Sun M, Zhang Z. Ti4O7 reactive electrochemical membrane for humic acid removal: Insights of electrosorption and electrooxidation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Yu C, Hou J, Zhang B, Liu S, Pan X, Song H, Hou X, Yan Q, Zhou C, Liu G, Zhang Y, Xin Y. In-situ electrodeposition synthesis of Z-scheme rGO/g-C 3N 4/TNAs photoelectrodes and its degradation mechanism for oxytetracycline in dual-chamber photoelectrocatalytic system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 308:114615. [PMID: 35131709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dual-chamber photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) system possess advantages in the degradation efficiency and processing cost of organic contaminants. In this study, TiO2 nanotube arrays modified by rGO and g-C3N4 (rGO/g-C3N4/TNAs) photoelectrodes were successfully prepared. The surface micromorphology, chemical structure, crystal structure, and basic element composition of rGO/g-C3N4/TNAs photoelectrodes were studied by SEM, FTIR, XRD, Raman, and XPS. UV-vis absorption, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and photoelectrochemical (PECH) tests were used to explore the photoelectrochemical characteristics of rGO/g-C3N4/TNAs photoelectrodes. Under simulated sunlight illumination, the dual-chamber PEC system with external bias voltage was used to investigate the degradation of oxytetracycline (OTC) on rGO/g-C3N4/TNAs photoelectrodes. The results showed that rGO and g-C3N4 were successfully loaded on TNAs, and the separation efficiency of electrons and holes at rGO/g-C3N4/TNAs photoelectrodes was improved. The light absorption range of rGO/g-C3N4/TNAs photoelectrodes extends to the visible light region and has better light absorption performance. Compared with the photocatalytic process, when 1.2 V bias voltage was applied, the degradation efficiency of OTC in anode and cathode chambers in PEC were increased by 3.28% and 44.01% within 60 min, respectively. In addition, the anode and cathode chambers have different degradation effects on OTC. Both the external bias voltage and initial pH have significant effects in cathode chamber, but have little effect in photoanode chamber. The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectra and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry showed that there were different intermediates in the degradation process of OTC. This study indicated that for the dual-chamber PEC system, rGO/g-C3N4/TNAs photoelectrodes exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance and have potential application prospects in water environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengze Yu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jiaqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiangrui Pan
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Heng Song
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiangting Hou
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qinghua Yan
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chengzhi Zhou
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Guocheng Liu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Sino-Europe Membrane Technology Research Institute Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Yanjun Xin
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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16
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Zhou C, Li J, Zhang Y, Bai J, Li L, Mei X, Guan X, Zhou B. Novel Denitrification Fuel Cell for Energy Recovery of Nitrate-N and TN Removal Based on NH 4+ Generation on a CNW@CF Cathode. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2562-2571. [PMID: 35112834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
NO3- is an undesirable environmental pollutant that causes eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems, and its pollution is difficult to eliminate because it is easily converted into NH4+ instead of N2. Additionally, it is a high-energy substance. Herein, we propose a novel denitrification fuel cell to realize the chemical energy recovery of NO3- and simultaneous conversion of total nitrogen (TN) into N2 based on the outstanding ability of NH4+ generation on a three-dimensional copper nanowire (CNW)-modified copper foam (CF) cathode (CNW@CF). The basic steps are as follows: direct and highly selective reduction of NO3- to NH4+ rather than to N2 on the CNW@CF cathode, on which negative NO3- ions can be easily adsorbed due to their double-electron layer structure and active hydrogen ([H]) can be generated due to a large number of catalytic active sites exposed on CNWs. Then, NH4+ is selectively oxidized to N2 by the strong oxidation of chlorine free radicals (Cl•), which originate from the reaction of chlorine ions (Cl-) by photogenerated holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (OH•) under irradiation. Then, the electrons from the oxidation on the photoanode is transferred to the cathode to form a closed loop for external power generation. Owing to the continuous redox loop, NO3- completely reduces to N2, and the released chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. The results indicate that 99.9% of NO3- can be removed in 90 min, and the highest yield of electrical power density reaches 0.973 mW cm-2, of which the nitrate reduction rates on the CNW@CF cathode is 79 and 71 times higher than those on the Pt and CF cathodes, respectively. This study presents a novel and robust energy recycling concept for treating nitrate-rich wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Mei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Baoxue Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed, Kunming, Yunnan 650034, P. R. China
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17
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Zou R, Tang K, Hambly AC, Wünsch UJ, Andersen HR, Angelidaki I, Zhang Y. When microbial electrochemistry meets UV: The applicability to high-strength real pharmaceutical industry wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127151. [PMID: 34536845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater from pharmaceutical and related industries contains many residual pharmaceutical components rich in color and high COD contents, which cannot be removed through the traditional wastewater treatment processes. Recently, microbial electrolysis ultraviolet cell (MEUC) process has shown its promising potential to remove recalcitrant organics because of its merits of wide pH range, iron-free, and without complications of iron sludge production. However, its application to the real pharmaceutical-rich industrial wastewater is still unknown. In this study, the MEUC process was validated with real ciprofloxacin-rich (6863.79 ± 2.21 µg L-1) industrial wastewater (6840 ± 110 mg L-1 of COD). The MEUC process achieved 100% removal of ciprofloxacin, 100% decolorization, and 99.1% removal of COD within 12, 60 and 30 h, respectively, when it was operated at pH-controlled at 7.8, applied voltage of 0.6 V, UV intensity of 10 mW cm-2, and cathodic aeration velocity of 0.005 mL min-1 mL-1. Moreover, fluorescence analysis showed that protein- and humic-like substances in such wastewater were effectively removed, providing further evidence of its high treatment efficiency. Furthermore, eco-toxicity testing with luminescent bacteria Vibro Feschri confirmed that the treated effluent was utterly non-toxic. The results demonstrated the broad application potential of MEUC technology for treating industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusen Zou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Adam C Hambly
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Urban J Wünsch
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Oceans and Arctic, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik Rasmus Andersen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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18
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Huang X, Liang H, Yu Y, Shi B. The enhanced treatment of algae-laden water by combination of powdered activated carbon and chlorine. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Su Y, Muller KR, Yoshihara-Saint H, Najm I, Jassby D. Nitrate Removal in an Electrically Charged Granular-Activated Carbon Column. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16597-16606. [PMID: 34874719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate removal from groundwater remains a challenge. Here, we report on the development of a flow-through, electrically charged, granular-activated carbon (GAC)-filled column, which effectively removes nitrate. In this system, the GAC functioned as an anode, while a titanium sheet acted as a cathode. The high removal rate of nitrate was achieved through a combination of electrosorption and electrochemical transformation to N2. The column could be readily regenerated in situ by reversing the polarity of the applied potential. We demonstrate that in the presence of chloride, the mechanism responsible for the observed nitrate removal involves a combination of electroadsorption of nitrate to the anodically charged GAC, electroreduction of nitrate to ammonium, and the oxidation of ammonium to N2 gas by reactive chlorine and other oxidative radicals (with nearly 100% N2 selectivity). Given the ubiquitous presence of chloride in groundwater, this method represents a ready, green, and sustainable treatment process with significant potential for the remediation of contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Su
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Katherine R Muller
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Hira Yoshihara-Saint
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Issam Najm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David Jassby
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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20
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Huang X, Liang H, Xu W, Xu S, Shi B. Powdered activated carbon-catalyzed chlorine oxidation of bisphenol-A and methylene blue: Identification of the free radical and effect of the carbon surface functional group. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149020. [PMID: 34303236 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on chlorine oxidation is not well understood, therefore this study was designed to further investigate the chlorine oxidation mechanism with the presence of PAC. The oxidation processes of two model organic pollutants (bisphenol-A and methylene blue) with chlorine were compared in the absence and presence of PAC. The results showed a significant increase in reaction rates with the addition of PAC. Electron spin resonance indicated that the PAC catalyzed the oxidation of chlorine to generate more Cl and O2-. Additionally, the analysis of the surface characteristics of thermally modified PACs under N2 and their corresponding reaction rates revealed that there existed a significant correlation between the CO groups and the catalytic effect. PAC exhibited a much lower reaction rate under H2 modification, which indicated that the π electrons of the basal plane might be involved in the catalysis. Density functional theory calculations confirmed that the various oxygen groups on PAC reduced the activation barrier for HOCl dissociation, particularly the carboxyl group. This investigation provides a better understanding of the interactions between chlorine and activated carbon materials, which could be useful for selecting suitable water treatment agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Huikai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China; School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Weiying Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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21
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Yan Z, Dai Z, Zheng W, Lei Z, Qiu J, Kuang W, Huang W, Feng C. Facile ammonium oxidation to nitrogen gas in acid wastewater by in situ photogenerated chlorine radicals. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 205:117678. [PMID: 34601361 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of low-concentration ammonium (e.g., <50 mg L-1) in highly acidic wastewaters through traditional biological nitrification, physical separation, or chemical stripping remains a huge challenge. Herein, we report that photocatalytic ammonium oxidation using bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) can successfully occur in Cl--laden solutions within a pH range of 1.0-6.0. All reactions follow pseudo-zero-order kinetics (with rate constants of 0.27-0.32 mg L-1 min-1 at pH 2.0-6.0 and 0.14 mg L-1 min-1 at pH 1.0), indicating the saturation of reactive species by the reactants. The interlayer is self-oxidized by the valence band holes (VB h+), resulting in the formation of Cl• and subsequently HClO, which is excited upon UV irradiation to provoke consecutive photoreactions for chlorine radical generation. Compared to the free chlorine, HO•, Cl•, and Cl2•-, the ClO• produced using the UV/BiOCl system plays a predominant role in oxidizing ammonium under acidic conditions. BiOCl exhibits good stability because of the compensation of Cl- from solution and maintains high activity under different conditions (i.e., different cations and co-existing anions, temperatures, and initial substrate concentrations). The successful removal of ammonium from real wastewater using the UV/BiOCl system suggests that this is a promising method for treating diluted ammonium under highly acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yan
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zongren Dai
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wenxiao Zheng
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhenchao Lei
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jinwen Qiu
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wenjie Kuang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Weijun Huang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chunhua Feng
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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22
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Wang Q, Li T, Yang C, Chen M, Guan A, Yang L, Li S, Lv X, Wang Y, Zheng G. Electrocatalytic Methane Oxidation Greatly Promoted by Chlorine Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17398-17403. [PMID: 34060206 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Renewable energy-powered methane (CH4 ) conversion at ambient conditions is an attractive but highly challenging field. Due to the highly inert character of CH4 , the selective cleavage of its first C-H bond without over-oxidation is essential for transforming CH4 into value-added products. In this work, we developed an efficient and selective CH4 conversion approach at room temperature using intermediate chlorine species (*Cl), which were electrochemically generated and stabilized on mixed cobalt-nickel spinels with different Co/Ni ratios. The lower overpotentials for *Cl formation enabled an effective activation and conversion of CH4 to CH3 Cl without over-oxidation to CO2 , and Ni3+ at the octahedral sites in the mixed cobalt-nickel spinels allowed to stabilize surface-bound *Cl species. The CoNi2 Ox electrocatalyst exhibited an outstanding yield of CH3 Cl (364 mmol g-1 h-1 ) and a high CH3 Cl/CO2 selectivity of over 400 at room temperature, with demonstrated capability of direct CH4 conversion under seawater working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Menghuan Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Anxiang Guan
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Si Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ximeng Lv
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Gengfeng Zheng
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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23
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Wang Q, Li T, Yang C, Chen M, Guan A, Yang L, Li S, Lv X, Wang Y, Zheng G. Electrocatalytic Methane Oxidation Greatly Promoted by Chlorine Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Chao Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Menghuan Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Anxiang Guan
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Si Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Ximeng Lv
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Gengfeng Zheng
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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24
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Zheng W, Zhu L, Liang S, Ye J, Yang X, Lei Z, Yan Z, Li Y, Wei C, Feng C. Discovering the Importance of ClO • in a Coupled Electrochemical System for the Simultaneous Removal of Carbon and Nitrogen from Secondary Coking Wastewater Effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9015-9024. [PMID: 32459474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic constituents in real wastewater, such as halides and carbonates/bicarbonates, may have negative effects on the performance of electrochemical systems because of their capability of quenching HO•. However, we discovered that the presence of Cl- and HCO3- in an electrochemical system is conducive to the formation of ClO•, which plays an important role in promoting the simultaneous elimination of biorefractory organics and nitrogen in secondary coking wastewater effluent. The 6-h operation of the coupled electrochemical system (an undivided electrolytic cell with a PbO2/Ti anode and a Cu/Zn cathode) at a current density of 37.5 mA cm-2 allowed the removal of 87.8% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 86.5% of total nitrogen. The electron paramagnetic resonance results suggested the formation of ClO• in the system, and the probe experiments confirmed the predominance of ClO•, whose steady-state concentrations (8.08 × 10-13 M) were 16.4, 26.5, and 1609.5 times those of Cl2•- (4.92 × 10-14 M), HO• (3.05 × 10-14 M), and Cl• (5.02 × 10-16 M), respectively. The rate constant of COD removal and the Faradaic efficiency of anodic oxidation obtained with Cl- and HCO3- was linearly proportional to the natural logarithm of the ClO• concentration, and the specific energy consumption was inversely correlated to it, demonstrating the crucial role of ClO• in pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Zheng
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liuyi Zhu
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Liang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jinshao Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zhenchao Lei
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Yan
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yongdong Li
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Feng
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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25
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Zhu M, Zhang L, Liu S, Wang D, Qin Y, Chen Y, Dai W, Wang Y, Xing Q, Zou J. Degradation of 4-nitrophenol by electrocatalysis and advanced oxidation processes using Co3O4@C anode coupled with simultaneous CO2 reduction via SnO2/CC cathode. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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