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Keithley AE, Gomez-Alvarez V, Williams D, Ryu H, Lytle DA. Depth profiles of biological aerated contactors: Characterizing microbial activity treating reduced contaminants. JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING 2023; 56:1-11. [PMID: 38357328 PMCID: PMC10866302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The biological treatment process consisting of an aerated contactor and filter is effective for groundwaters containing elevated ammonia and other reduced contaminants, including iron, manganese, arsenic, and methane. Depth profiles characterizing microbial activity across aerated contactors are lacking. A 1-year pilot study comparing gravel- and ceramic-packed contactors was conducted, and media depth profile samples were collected at the conclusion of the study. Media and water samples also were collected from pilot-scale aerated contactors at 4 other water systems. Water quality, media surface metals concentrations, and a suite of biofilm parameters were analyzed. Media surface metals concentrations were greatest at the influent end. ATP concentrations, extracellular polymeric substances, and extracellular enzyme activities tended to be similar across depth. Bacteria and functional genes involved in contaminant oxidation co-occurred and tended to decrease across depth, but were not correlated to the media metals concentration. Microbial community composition changed with depth, and the diversity either decreased or remained similar. The microbial activity profiles through aerated contactors differed from what is typically reported for groundwater biofilters, suggesting that the different reactor flow and dissolved oxygen profiles impacted the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher E. Keithley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, CESER, WID, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Vicente Gomez-Alvarez
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, CESER, WID, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Daniel Williams
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, CESER, WID, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Hodon Ryu
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, CESER, WID, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Darren A. Lytle
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, CESER, WID, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
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2
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McCormick NE, Earle M, Kent A, Ha C, Hakes L, Anderson L, Stoddart AK, Langille MGI, Gagnon GA. Betaproteobacteria are a key component of surface water biofilters that maintain sustained manganese removal in response to fluctuations in influent water temperature. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120515. [PMID: 37634461 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The health risks associated with manganese (Mn) in drinking water, and an improved understanding of Mn accumulation within, and subsequent release from, distribution systems, have increased the need for robust, sustainable treatment options to minimize Mn concentrations in finished water. Biofiltration is an established and effective method to remove Mn in groundwater however, Mn removal in surface water biofilters is an emerging treatment process that has not been extensively studied. Seasonal variations in water temperature can present an operational challenge for surface water biofilters which may see reduced Mn removal under colder conditions. This study examined the microbiomes of surface water biofilters at three utilities (ACWD WTP, WTP B, and WTP D) which all experienced similar seasonal fluctuations in influent water temperature. High Mn removal was observed at the ACWD WTP for much of the year, but Mn removal decreased with a concurrent decrease in the influent water temperature (58% ± 22%). In contrast, both WTP B and WTP D achieved year-round Mn removal (84% ± 5% and 93% ± 8% respectively). Marker gene (16S rRNA) sequencing analysis of the biofilter microbiomes identified a high abundance of Betaproteobacteria in WTP B and WTP D (37% ± 12% and 21% ± 3% respectively), but a low abundance of Betaproteobacteria in the ACWD WTP (2% ± 2%). The microbiomes of new bench-scale biofilters, in operation at the ACWD WTP, were also investigated. The abundance of Betaproteobacteria was significantly greater (p < 0.05) after the biofilters had acclimated than before acclimation, and differential abundance analysis identified 6 genera within the Betaproteobacteria class were enriched in the acclimated microbiome. Additionally, the acclimated biofilters were able to maintain high Mn removal performance (87% ± 10%) when the influent water temperature decreased to 10 °C or less. Further analysis of previously published studies found the abundance of Betaproteobacteria was also significantly greater (p < 0.001) in biofilters with sustained Mn removal than in biofilters which did not treat for Mn as a contaminant, despite differences in design scale, source water, and media type. Microbiome network analysis identified multiple co-occurrence relationships between Betaproteobacteria and Mn oxidizing bacteria in the WTP B and WTP D biofilters, suggesting indirect contributions by Betaproteobacteria to biological Mn oxidation. These co-occurrence relationships were not present in the full-scale ACWD WTP microbiome. Whether the role of Betaproteobacteria in biological Mn oxidation is direct, indirect, or a combination of both, they are consistently present at a high abundance in both groundwater and surface water biofilters with sustained Mn removal, and their absence may contribute to the seasonal fluctuations in Mn removal observed at the ACWD WTP. This new insight to Betaproteobacteria and their role in Mn biofiltration could contribute to water innovation and design that would improve the reliability of Mn removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E McCormick
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - M Earle
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - A Kent
- Arcadis US, Inc., Austin, TX, USA
| | - C Ha
- Alameda County Water District, Freemont, CA, USA
| | - L Hakes
- Alameda County Water District, Freemont, CA, USA
| | - L Anderson
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - A K Stoddart
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - M G I Langille
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - G A Gagnon
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Hou D, Zhang L, Li C, Chen L, Zou J. Enhancing the Mn-Removal Efficiency of Acid-Mine Bacterial Consortium: Performance Optimization and Mechanism Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2185. [PMID: 37764029 PMCID: PMC10535970 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an acclimated manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MnOB) consortium, QBS-1, was enriched in an acid mine area; then, it was used to eliminate Mn(Ⅱ) in different types of wastewater. QBS-1 presented excellent Mn removal performance between pH 4.0 and 8.0, and the best Mn-removal efficiency was up to 99.86% after response surface methodology optimization. Unlike other MnOB consortia, the core bacteria of QBS-1 were Stenotrophomonas and Achromobacter, which might play vital roles in Mn removal. Besides that, adsorption, co-precipitation and electrostatic binding by biological manganese oxides could further promote Mn elimination. Finally, the performance of the Mn biofilter demonstrated that QBS-1 was an excellent inoculant, which indicates good potential for removing Mn contamination steadily and efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Hou
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; (L.Z.); (C.L.); (L.C.)
| | | | | | | | - Jianping Zou
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China; (L.Z.); (C.L.); (L.C.)
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4
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Jin Y, Zhan W, Wu R, Han Y, Yang S, Ding J, Ren N. Insight into the roles of microalgae on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in microalgal-bacterial sequencing batch reactors: Nitrogen removal, extracellular polymeric substances, and microbial communities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 379:129038. [PMID: 37037336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the influence and mechanism of microalgae on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in microalgal-bacterial sequencing batch reactors (MB-SBR). It particularly focused on nitrogen transformation in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and functional groups associated with nitrogen removal. The results showed that MB-SBR achieved more optimal performance than control, with an SND efficiency of 68.01% and total nitrogen removal efficiency of 66.74%. Further analyses revealed that microalgae changed compositions and properties of EPS by increasing EPS contents and improving transfer, conversion, and storage capacity of nitrogen in EPS. Microbial community analysis demonstrated that microalgae promoted the enrichment of functional groups and genes related to SND and introduced diverse nitrogen removal pathways. Moreover, co-occurrence network analysis elucidated the interactions between communities of bacteria and microalgae and the promotion of SND by microalgae as keystone connectors in the MB-SBR. This study provides insights into the roles of microalgae for enhanced SND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaruo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wei Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Rui Wu
- Guangdong Yuehai Water Investment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518021, China; Harbin Institute of Technology National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources Co., Ltd., Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yahong Han
- Harbin Institute of Technology National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources Co., Ltd., Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Wang GY, Ding J, He L, Wu T, Ding MQ, Pang JW, Liu LM, Gao XL, Zhang LY, Ren NQ, Yang SS. Enhanced anaerobic degradation of azo dyes by biofilms supported by novel functionalized carriers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 378:129013. [PMID: 37019414 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Azo dyes are significant organic pollutants known for their adverse effects on humans and aquatic life. In this study, anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) immobilized on biochar (BC) was employed as a novel carrier in up-flow anaerobic fixed-bed reactors to induce specific biofilm formation and promote the biotransformation efficiency of azo dyes. Novel carrier-packed reactor 1 (R1) and BC-packed reactor 2 (R2) were used to treat red reactive 2 (RR2) under continuous operation for 175 days. The decolorization rates of R1 and R2 were 96-83% and 91-73%, respectively. The physicochemical characteristics and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the biofilm revealed a more stable structure in R1. Furthermore, the microbial community in R1 interacted more closely with each other and contained more keystone genera. Overall, this study provides a feasible method for improving the biotransformation of azo dyes, thus providing support for practical applications in wastewater treatment projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lei He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Meng-Qi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ji-Wei Pang
- China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group, CECEP Talroad Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100096, China
| | - Lu-Ming Liu
- Guangdong Yuehai Water Investment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518021, China; Harbin Institute of Technology National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Co., Ltd., Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xin-Lei Gao
- Guangdong Yuehai Water Investment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518021, China; Harbin Institute of Technology National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Co., Ltd., Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lu-Yan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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6
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Wu T, Ding J, Zhong L, Zhao YL, Sun HJ, Pang JW, Zhao L, Bai SW, Ren NQ, Yang SS. Synergistic analysis of performance, functional genes, and microbial community assembly in SNDPR process under Zn(II) stress. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115513. [PMID: 36801232 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the most prevalent heavy metals found in rural sewage is Zn(II), while its effect on simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) remains unclear. In this work, the responses of SNDPR performance to long-term Zn(II) stress were investigated in a cross-flow honeycomb bionic carrier biofilm system. The results indicated that Zn(II) stress at 1 and 5 mg L-1 could increase nitrogen removal. Maximum ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and phosphorus removal efficiencies of up to 88.54%, 83.19%, and 83.65% were obtained at Zn(II) concentration of 5 mg L-1. The functional genes, such as archaeal amoA, bacterial amoA, NarG, NirS, NapA, and NirK, also reached the highest value at 5 mg L-1 Zn(II), with the absolute abundances of 7.73 × 105, 1.57 × 106, 6.68 × 108, 1.05 × 109, 1.79 × 108, and 2.09 × 108 copies·g-1 dry weight, respectively. The neutral community model demonstrated that deterministic selection was responsible for the system's microbial community assembly. Additionally, response regimes with extracellular polymeric substances and cooperation among microorganisms facilitated the stability of the reactor effluent. Overall, the findings of this paper contribute to improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jie Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioenergy, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Le Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Han-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ji-Wei Pang
- China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group, CECEP Talroad Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Shun-Wen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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7
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Yao Y, Zhao J, Adyel TM, Liu Y, Liu J, Miao L. Sediment bacterial and fungal communities exhibit distinct responses to microplastic types and sizes in Taihu lake. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121092. [PMID: 36657516 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants in aquatic environments, yet their impact on sediment microbiota and biogeochemical processes were not well reported. Herein, microcosm experiments were performed to investigate the effects of MPs (Polystyrene, PS and Polyethylene, PE) with three size classes (ranging from 100 nm to 150-200 μm) on sediment bacterial and fungal communities over 60-day incubation from Taihu Lake. High-throughput sequencing revealed the alpha diversities of bacterial and fungal communities were reduced by MPs, dependent on MPs' size and type. Bacterial community structures were significantly altered under all MPs treatments, with clustering for the same size class for PS and PE. Fungal community structures were significantly affected for all MPs, with PS and PE exhibiting different effects. Co-occurrence network analysis suggested MPs changed bacterial and fungal network complexities. Proteobacteria and Ascomycota formed strong associations with other phyla and demonstrated tolerance to MPs exposure. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chytridiomycota were the main respondents to MPs. The enzyme concentrations were stimulated by MPs, indicating carbon and nitrogen uptakes might be increased. Therefore, PS and PE had similar impacts on the microbial community (particularly bacteria), and sizes of MPs were the main influencing factors. MPs shifted community structure and network with distinct responses from bacteria and fungi, likely leading to the alteration of microbial-involved carbon and nitrogen cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China, 210098; School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China, 210098
| | - Tanveer M Adyel
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China, 210098.
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China, 210098
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Jia C, Wu L, Yu K, Hu J, Qi JW, Luo A. Achieving stable anammox process and revealing shift of bacteria during the start-up in landfill leachate treatment. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10841. [PMID: 36789674 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Partial nitrification-anammox (PN/A) is an energy-efficient technology for nitrogen removal in landfill leachate treatment. Numerous studies have reported successful implementation of the PN/A process and its stable operation under laboratory conditions. One of the primary challenges in PN/A engineering applications is the mass of the seed sludge required for start-up. This study examined the PN/A using a sequence batch reactor (SBR) inoculating a common mixture to treat landfill leachate. After 70 days of operation, the system successfully realized a one-stage PN/A process and maintained a stable ammonium NH 4 + $$ \left({NH}_4^{+}\right) $$ removal efficiency of 97.65% ± 1%, where the effluent of NH 4 + $$ {NH}_4^{+} $$ and nitrate ( NO 3 - $$ {NO}_3^{-} $$ ) were less than 4 ± 1.5 mg L-1 and 10 mg L-1 . In addition, the relative abundances of Ca. Kuenenia and Ca. Brocadia, which are typical anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB), increased from 0.08% to 3.99% (70 days) and 0.01% to 0.45%, respectively. The relative abundances of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira increased from 0.9% to 2.89% and 0.007% to 0.1% (70 days), respectively. Both AnAOB and AOB are important niches of the system. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The research realized PN/A rapidly by inoculating common mixture sludge. The experiment successfully enriched AnAOB from 0.09% to 3.89% within 70 days. The article revealing the ecological roles of AOB and AnAOB in the landfill leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yu
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jincheng Hu
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiabao Wendy Qi
- Department of Civil and Environmental engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anteng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China
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Zhong L, Wu T, Ding J, Xu W, Yuan F, Liu BF, Zhao L, Li Y, Ren NQ, Yang SS. Co-composting of faecal sludge and carbon-rich wastes in the earthworm's synergistic cooperation system: Performance, global warming potential and key microbiome. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159311. [PMID: 36216047 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Composting is an effective alternative for recycling faecal sludge into organic fertilisers. A microflora-earthworm (Eisenia fetida) synergistic cooperation system was constructed to enhance the composting efficiency of faecal sludge. The impact of earthworms and carbon-rich wastes (rice straw (RS) and sawdust (S)) on compost properties, greenhouse gas emissions, and key microbial species of composting were evaluated. The addition of RS or S promoted earthworm growth and reproduction. The earthworm-based system reduced the volatile solid of the final substrate by 13.19-16.24 % and faecal Escherichia coli concentrations by 1.89-3.66 log10 cfu/g dry mass compared with the earthworm-free system. The earthworm-based system increased electrical conductivity by 0.322-1.402 mS/cm and reduced C/N by 56.16-64.73 %. The NH4+:NO3- ratio of the final faecal sludge and carbon-rich waste was <0.16. The seed germination index was higher than 80 %. These results indicate that earthworms contribute to faecal sludge maturation. Earthworm addition reduced CO2 production. The simultaneous addition of earthworms and RS system (FRS2) resulted in the lowest global warming potential (GWP). The microbial diversity increased significantly over time in the RS-only system, whereas it initially increased and later decreased in the FRS2 system. Cluster analysis revealed that earthworms had a more significant impact on the microbial community than the addition of carbon-rich waste. Co-occurrence networks for earthworm-based systems were simple than those for earthworm-free systems, but the major bacterial genera were more complicated. Highly abundant key species (norank_f_Chitinophagaceae and norank_f_Gemmatimonadaceae) are closely related. Microbes may be more cooperative than competitive, facilitating the conversion of carbon and nitrogen in earthworm-based systems. This work has demonstrated that using earthworms is an effective approach for promoting the efficiency of faecal sludge composting and reducing GWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- General Water of China Co., Ltd., Beijing 100022, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- General Water of China Co., Ltd., Beijing 100022, China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Farjana N, Tu Z, Furukawa H, Yumoto I. Environmental factors contributing to the convergence of bacterial community structure during indigo reduction. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1097595. [PMID: 36876097 PMCID: PMC9978934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1097595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Indigo is solubilized through the reducing action of the microbiota that occurs during alkaline fermentation of composted leaves of Polygonum tinctorium L. (sukumo). However, the environmental effects on the microbiota during this treatment, as well as the mechanisms underlying the microbial succession toward stable state remain unknown. In this study, physicochemical analyses and Illumina metagenomic sequencing was used to determine the impact pretreatment conditions on the subsequent initiation of bacterial community transition and their convergence, dyeing capacity and the environmental factors critical for indigo reducing state during aging of sukumo. The initial pretreatment conditions analyzed included 60°C tap water (heat treatment: batch 1), 25°C tap water (control; batch 2), 25°C wood ash extract (high pH; batch 3) and hot wood ash extract (heat and high pH; batch 4), coupled with successive addition of wheat bran from days 5 to 194. High pH had larger impact than heat treatment on the microbiota, producing more rapid transitional changes from days 1 to 2. Although the initial bacterial community composition and dyeing intensity differed during days 2-5, the microbiota appropriately converged to facilitate indigo reduction from day 7 in all the batches, with Alkaliphilus oremalandii, Amphibacillus, Alkalicella caledoniensis, Atopostipes suicloalis and Tissierellaceae core taxa contributing to the improvement of when the dyeing intensity. This convergence is attributed to the continuous maintenance of high pH (day 1 ~) and low redox potential (day 2~), along with the introduction of wheat bran at day 5 (day 5~). PICRUSt2 predictive function profiling revealed the enrichment of phosphotransferease system (PTS) and starch and sucrose metabolism subpathways key toward indigo reduction. Seven NAD(P)-dependent oxidoreductases KEGG orthologs correlating to the dyeing intensity was also identified, with Alkalihalobacillus macyae, Alkalicella caledoniensis, and Atopostipes suicloalis contributing significantly toward the initiation of indigo reduction in batch 3. During the ripening period, the staining intensity was maintained by continuous addition of wheat bran and the successive emergence of indigo-reducing bacteria that also contributed to material circulation in the system. The above results provide insight into the interaction of microbial system and environmental factors in sukumo fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nowshin Farjana
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan.,Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zhihao Tu
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan.,Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Furukawa
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan
| | - Isao Yumoto
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan.,Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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11
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Mercado JV, Koyama M, Nakasaki K. Co-occurrence network analysis reveals loss of microbial interactions in anaerobic digester subjected to repeated organic load shocks. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118754. [PMID: 35759844 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in the anaerobic digestion (AD) organic loading rate (OLR) cause shocks to the AD microbiome, which lead to unstable methane productivity. Managing these fluctuations requires a larger digester, which is impractical for community-scale applications, limiting the potential of AD in advancing a circular economy. To allow operation of small-scale AD while managing OLR fluctuations, we need to tackle the issue through elucidation of the microbial community dynamics via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This study elucidated the interrelation of the AD performance and the dynamics of the microbial interactions within its microbiome in response to repeated high OLR shocks at different frequencies. The OLR shocks were equivalent to 4 times the baseline OLR of 2 g VS/L/d. We found that less frequent organic load shocks result to deterioration of methane productivity. Co-occurrence network analysis shows that this coincides with the breakdown of the microbiome network structure. This suggests loss of microbial interactions necessary in maintaining stable AD. Identification of species influencing the network structure revealed that a species under the genus Anaerovorax has the greatest influence, while orders Spirochaetales and Synergistales represent the greatest number of the influential species. We inferred that the impact imposed by the OLR shocks shifted the microbiome activity towards biochemical pathways that are not contributing to methane production. Establishing a small-scale AD system that permits OLR fluctuations would require developing an AD microbiome resilient to infrequent organic loading shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jericho Victor Mercado
- School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Koyama
- School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Nakasaki
- School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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12
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Microbial ecology of biofiltration used for producing safe drinking water. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4813-4829. [PMID: 35771243 PMCID: PMC9329406 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biofiltration is a water purification technology playing a pivotal role in producing safe drinking water. This technology attracts many interests worldwide due to its advantages, such as no addition of chemicals, a low energy input, and a high removal efficiency of organic compounds, undesirable taste and odours, and pathogens. The current review describes the microbial ecology of three biofiltration processes that are routinely used in drinking water treatment plants, i.e. (i) rapid sand filtration (RSF), (ii) granular activated carbon filtration (GACF), and (iii) slow sand filtration (SSF). We summarised and compared the characteristics, removal performance, and corresponding (newly revealed) mechanisms of the three biofiltration processes. Specifically, the microbial ecology of the different biofilter processes and the role of microbial communities in removing nutrients, organic compounds, and pathogens were reviewed. Finally, we highlight the limitations and challenges in the study of biofiltration in drinking water production, and propose future perspectives for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the microbial ecology of biofiltration, which is needed to promote and optimise its further application. Key points • Biofilters are composed of complex microbiomes, primarily shaped by water quality. • Conventional biofilters contribute to address safety challenges in drinking water. • Studies may underestimate the active/functional role of microbiomes in biofilters. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-12013-x.
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13
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Miao L, Wang C, Adyel TM, Zhao J, Yan N, Wu J, Hou J. Periphytic Biofilm Formation on Natural and Artificial Substrates: Comparison of Microbial Compositions, Interactions, and Functions. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:684903. [PMID: 34381427 PMCID: PMC8350161 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.684903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periphytic biofilms have been widely used in wastewater purification and water ecological restoration, and artificial substrates have been progressively used for periphyton immobilisation to substitute natural substrates. However, there is insufficient knowledge regarding the interaction network structure and microbial functions in biofilm communities on artificial substrates, which are essential attribute affecting their applications in biofilm immobilisation. This study compared the community structure, co-occurrence network, and metabolic functions of bacterial and microeukaryotic periphytic biofilms during a 35-day indoor cultivation on artificial substrates, such as artificial carbon fibre (ACF) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and natural substrates, such as pebble and wood. Results demonstrated that different types of artificial substrates could affect the community composition and functional diversity of bacterial and microeukaryotic biofilms. The bacterial and microeukaryotic community on ACF and PVC showed significantly higher Simpson index compared to those on wood. Bacterial networks on artificial substrates were more complex than those on natural substrates, while the keystone species on natural substrates were more abundant, indicating that the bacterial communities on artificial substrates had stronger stability and resistance to external interference. Furthermore, the functional metabolic profiles predicted showed the abilities of bacterial communities to metabolise nitrogen and carbon sources colonised on artificial substrates were stronger than those on natural substrates. These findings demonstrated that artificial substrates could be special niches for microbial colonisation, possibly altering microbial compositions, interactions, and functions. Therefore, this study provides a powerful theoretical basis for choosing suitable artificial substrates for microbial aggregation and immobilisation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tanveer M Adyel
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Tu Z, Lopes HDFS, Narihiro T, Yumoto I. The Mechanism Underlying of Long-Term Stable Indigo Reduction State in Indigo Fermentation Using Sukumo (Composted Polygonum tinctorium Leaves). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:698674. [PMID: 34367099 PMCID: PMC8342947 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.698674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Indigo fermentation fluid maintains its indigo-reducing state for more than 6 months under open-air. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the sustainability of this indigo reduction state, three indigo fermentation batches with different durations for the indigo reduction state were compared. The three examined batches exhibited different microbiota and consisted of two phases. In the initial phase, oxygen-metabolizing-bacteria derived from sukumo established an initial network. With decreasing redox potential (ORP), the initial bacterial community was replaced by obligate anaerobes (mainly Proteinivoraceae; phase 1). Approximately 1 month after the beginning of fermentation, the predominating obligate anaerobes were decreased, and Amphibacillus and Polygonibacillus, which can decompose macromolecules derived from wheat bran, were predominantly observed, and the transition of microbiota became slow (phase 2). Considering the substrate utilization ability of the dominated bacterial taxa, the transitional change from phase 1 to phase 2 suggests that this changed from the bacterial flora that utilizes substrates derived from sukumo, including intrinsic substrates in sukumo and weakened or dead bacterial cells derived from early events (heat and alkaline treatment and reduction of ORP) to that of wheat bran-utilizers. This succession was directly related to the change in the major substrate sustaining the corresponding community and the turning point was approximately 1 month after the start of fermentation. As a result, we understand that the role of sukumo includes changes in the microbial flora immediately after the start of fermentation, which has an important function in the start-up phase of fermentation, whereas the ecosystem comprised of the microbiota utilizing wheat bran underpins the subsequent long-term indigo reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Tu
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan.,Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Helena de Fátima Silva Lopes
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan.,Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Narihiro
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan
| | - Isao Yumoto
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan.,Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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