1
|
Song L, Wang B, Li J, Wang T, Li W, Xu X, Feng T, Yang H, Hou L. A self-cleaning photocatalytic membrane loaded with Bi 2O 2CO 3/In(OH) 3 S-scheme heterojunction composites for removing tetracycline from aqueous solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 671:664-679. [PMID: 38820850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Bi2O2CO3/In(OH)3 (BON) photocatalysts were synthesized by a one-pot method and loaded onto polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes to obtain a Bi2O2CO3/In(OH)3/PVDF (BON-M) catalytic membrane system. The catalytic membranes demonstrated complete degradation of tetracycline within 40 min under visible light. They demonstrated robust photocatalytic activity across a broad pH range (5-11) and in the presence of coexisting ions. The membranes demonstrated excellent self-cleaning performance. Following exposure to light, the irreversible contamination decreased from 27.1% to 4.7% and the membrane's permeability was almost completely restored. Moreover, the charge transfer mechanism at the S-scheme heterojunction interface of BON was demonstrated by Density functional theory and in-situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy characterisation, and the active sites involved in tetracycline's degradation were identified. Meanwhile, the mechanism of the "anemone effect" of BON-M was demonstrated in conjunction with Electron paramagnetic resonance, and the intrinsic Some factors enhancing the membranes' photocatalytic activity are specified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jiang Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Taotao Feng
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Huaikai Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li'an Hou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang S, Wang C, Feng C, Zheng W, Dong H, Guan X. Electrochemically producing high-valent iron-oxo species for phenolics-laden high chloride wastewater pretreatment. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:122068. [PMID: 39003879 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have shown great promise for treating industrial wastewater contaminated with phenolic compounds. However, the presence of chloride in the wastewater leads to the production of undesirable chlorinated organic and inorganic byproducts, limiting the application of EAOPs. To address this challenge, we investigated the potential of incorporating Fe(II) and Fe(III) into the EAOPs with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode under near-neutral conditions. Our findings revealed that both Fe(II) and Fe(III) facilitated the generation of high-valent iron-oxo species (Fe(IV) and Fe(V)) in the anodic compartment, thereby reducing the oxidation contribution of reactive chlorine species. Remarkably, the addition of 1000 μM Fe(II) under high chloride conditions resulted in over a 2.8-fold increase in the oxidation rate of 50 μM phenolic contaminants at pH 6.5. Furthermore, 1000 μM Fe(II) contributed to a reduction of more than 66% in the formation of chlorinated byproducts, consequently enhancing the biodegradability of the treated water. Additionally, transitioning from batch mode to continuous flow mode further amplified the positive effects of Fe(II) on the EAOPs. Overall, this study presents a modified electrochemical approach that simultaneously enhanced the degradation of phenolic contaminants and improved the biodegradability of wastewater with high chloride concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Chengjin Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Chunhua Feng
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wenxiao Zheng
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hongyu Dong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan Q, Shen Y, Sun J, Jian T, Lu W, Wu S, Zhao Z, Lei Q, Lin H. Effects of calcium ions and polysaccharides type on transparent exopolymer particle formation and the related fouling mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175775. [PMID: 39197790 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Organics and divalent cations are the primary barriers constraining the performance of membrane technology, while the interactions between them and the detailed mechanisms of their impacts are still lacking in-depth analysis. In this study, sodium alginate and xanthan gum were selected as polysaccharides models, and the formation of transparent extracellular polymer particles (TEP) was assessed to examine the effect of Ca2+ and polysaccharides type on membrane fouling from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. The results revealed that higher Ca2+ concentrations led to a greater abundance of TEP, and the transformation of TEP microstructure is a key factor for the membrane fouling change indicated by specific filtration resistance (SFR). TEP formed by sodium alginate underwent a transformation from amorphous-TEP (a-TEP) form to particle-TEP (p-TEP), corresponding to a unimodal pattern of SFR variation. With increasing Ca2+ concentration, the molecular interactions of xanthan gum became stronger, resulting in larger fibrous a-TEP and a continuous SFR increase. According to the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory, TEP formed by xanthan gum exhibited higher adhesion energy, thus causing more severe membrane fouling. The SFR variation of the TEP system can be satisfactorily explained by the conception of chemical potential change in the filtration process depicted in Flory-Huggins theory. This study is the first work to introduce models regarding chemical potential and TEP microstructure, linking the system chemical potential and TEP microstructure with membrane fouling indicated by SFR. As all, this study provided a new perspective for analyzing the polysaccharide fouling behavior via TEP determination and further enhanced the understanding through thermodynamic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyin Tan
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yue Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiahao Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Tao Jian
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Wen Lu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Sijin Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zengjian Zhao
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Qian Lei
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao Y, Yang F, Jiang H, Gao G. Piezoceramic membrane with built-in ultrasound for reactive oxygen species generation and synergistic vibration anti-fouling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4845. [PMID: 38844530 PMCID: PMC11156986 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Piezoceramic membranes have emerged as a prominent solution for membrane fouling control. However, the prevalent use of toxic lead and limitations of vibration-based anti-fouling mechanism impede their wider adoption in water treatment. This study introduces a Mn/BaTiO3 piezoceramic membrane, demonstrating a promising in-situ anti-fouling efficacy and mechanism insights. When applied to an Alternating Current at a resonant frequency of 20 V, 265 kHz, the membrane achieves optimal vibration, effectively mitigating various foulants such as high-concentration oil (2500 ppm, including real industrial oil wastewater), bacteria and different charged inorganic colloidal particles, showing advantages over other reported piezoceramic membranes. Importantly, our findings suggest that the built-in ultrasonic vibration of piezoceramic membranes can generate reactive oxygen species. This offers profound insights into the distinct anti-fouling processes for organic and inorganic wastewater, supplementing and unifying the traditional singular vibrational anti-fouling mechanism of piezoceramic membranes, and potentially propelling the development of piezoelectric catalytic membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Han Jiang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Guandao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yao Y, Zhang P, Sun F, Zhang W, Li M, Sha G, Teng L, Wang X, Huo M, DuChanois RM, Cao T, Boo C, Zhang X, Elimelech M. More resilient polyester membranes for high-performance reverse osmosis desalination. Science 2024; 384:333-338. [PMID: 38669571 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Thin-film composite reverse osmosis membranes have remained the gold standard technology for desalination and water purification for nearly half a century. Polyamide films offer excellent water permeability and salt rejection but also suffer from poor chlorine resistance, high fouling propensity, and low boron rejection. We addressed these issues by molecularly designing a polyester thin-film composite reverse osmosis membrane using co-solvent-assisted interfacial polymerization to react 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylbenzoic acid with trimesoyl chloride. This polyester membrane exhibits substantial water permeability, high rejection for sodium chloride and boron, and complete resistance toward chlorine. The ultrasmooth, low-energy surface of the membrane also prevents fouling and mineral scaling compared with polyamide membranes. These membranes could increasingly challenge polyamide membranes by further optimizing water-salt selectivity, offering a path to considerably reducing pretreatment steps in desalination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Yao
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Pingxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Gang Sha
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Long Teng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xianze Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Treatment and Green Development of Polluted Water in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Mingxin Huo
- Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Treatment and Green Development of Polluted Water in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Ryan M DuChanois
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tianchi Cao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chanhee Boo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Young AH, Hotz N, Hawkins BT, Kabala ZJ. Inducing Deep Sweeps and Vortex Ejections on Patterned Membrane Surfaces to Mitigate Surface Fouling. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:21. [PMID: 38248711 PMCID: PMC10818955 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Patterned membrane surfaces offer a hydrodynamic approach to mitigating concentration polarization and subsequent surface fouling. However, when subjected to steady crossflow conditions, surface patterns promote particle accumulation in the recirculation zones of cavity-like spaces. In order to resolve this issue, we numerically subject a two-dimensional, patterned membrane surface to a rapidly pulsed crossflow. When combined with cavity-like spaces, such as the valleys of membrane surface patterns, a rapidly pulsed flow generates mixing mechanisms (i.e., the deep sweep and the vortex ejection) and disrupts recirculation zones. In only four pulses, we demonstrate the ability of these mechanisms to remove over half of the particles trapped in recirculation zones via massless particle tracking studies (i.e., numerical integration of the simulated velocity field). The results of this work suggest that when combined with a rapidly pulsed inlet flow, patterned membrane surfaces can not only alleviate concentration polarization and the surface fouling that follows but also reduce the need for traditional cleaning methods that require operational downtime and often involve the use of abrasive chemical agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- August H. Young
- Duke Center for WaSH-AID, Durham, NC 27701, USA;
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Nico Hotz
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Brian T. Hawkins
- Duke Center for WaSH-AID, Durham, NC 27701, USA;
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zbigniew J. Kabala
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Song J, Xu D, Han Y, Zhu X, Liu Z, Li G, Liang H. Surface modification of Fe Ⅲ-juglone coating on nanofiltration membranes for efficient biofouling mitigation. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 247:120795. [PMID: 37931358 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanofiltration membranes have increasingly played a vital role in the purification of surface water and the recycling of wastewater. However, the problem of membrane biofouling, which leads to shortened service life and increased energy consumption, has hindered the widespread application of nanofiltration membranes. In this study, we developed functionalized nanofiltration membranes with anti-adhesive and anti-biofouling properties by coordinating FeIII and juglone onto commercial nanofiltration membranes in a facile and viable manner. Due to the hydrophilic nature of the FeⅢ-juglone coating as well as its ultra-thin thickness and minimal impact on the membrane pores, the permeance of the optimally modified membrane even increased slightly (14 %). The outstanding anti-adhesive property of the FeⅢ-juglone coating was demonstrated by a significant reduction in the adsorption of proteins and bacteria. Furthermore, the modified membranes exhibited lower flux decline amplitude and reduced biofilm deposition during dynamic fouling experiment, further supporting the outstanding anti-biofouling performance of the nanofiltration membrane after the modification with FeⅢ-juglone coating. This study presents a novel and feasible approach for simultaneously improving the water permeance, anti-adhesive property and anti-biofouling property of commercial nanofiltration membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Daliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Yonghui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Xuewu Zhu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Zihan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xin JH, Fan HY, Guo BB, Yang HC, Zhu CY, Zhang C, Xu ZK. Interfacial polymerization at unconventional interfaces: an emerging strategy to tailor thin-film composite membranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13258-13271. [PMID: 37869905 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial polymerization is a well-known process to synthesize separation layers for thin film composite membranes at an immiscible organic liquid-aqueous liquid interface. The organic-aqueous interface determines the diffusion dynamics of monomers and the chemical environment for polymerization, exerting a critical influence on the formation of polymer thin films. This review summarizes recent advances in tailoring interfacial polymerization using interfaces beyond the conventional alkane-water interface to achieve high-performance separation films with designed structures. Diverse liquid-liquid interfaces are introduced for synthesizing separation films by adding co-solvents into the organic phase and/or the aqueous phase, respectively, or by replacing one of the liquid phases with other solvents. Innovative liquid-gel and liquid-gas interfaces are then summarized for the synthesis of polymer thin films for separation. Novel strategies to form reaction interfaces, such as spray-coating, are also presented and discussed. In addition, we discuss the details of how a physically or chemically patterned substrate affects interfacial polymerization. Finally, the potential of unconventional interfaces in interfacial polymerization is forecast with both challenges and opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Xin
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment, and Key Lab of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- The "Belt and Road" Sino-Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hong-Yu Fan
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment, and Key Lab of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- The "Belt and Road" Sino-Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bian-Bian Guo
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment, and Key Lab of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- The "Belt and Road" Sino-Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hao-Cheng Yang
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment, and Key Lab of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- The "Belt and Road" Sino-Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Zhu
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment, and Key Lab of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- The "Belt and Road" Sino-Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment, and Key Lab of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- The "Belt and Road" Sino-Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment, and Key Lab of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- The "Belt and Road" Sino-Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cosenza A, Gulhan H, Mannina G. Trading-off greenhouse gas emissions and 741/2020 European Union water reuse legislation: An experimental MBR study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 388:129794. [PMID: 37734483 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
A trade-off between greenhouse emissions (direct and indirect) and operational costs in the water treatment sector is of great importance, although only few literature studies exist. The paper presents a comprehensive experimental study on a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) pilot plant at the Water Resource Recovery Facility of Palermo University (Italy). The MBR pilot plant was aimed at reducing carbon footprint while producing water suitable for water reuse in agriculture. Multiple scenarios were assessed to unveil the best operational variables including the assessment of the reclaimed water quality index for water reuse. Results showed the lowest operational costs for the MBR of 5.05 € cent/m3 with Class B according to 741/2020 European legislation. Results revealed optimised values, in terms of airflow rate and backwash frequency, of 0.8 m3/m2/h and 12 times/h, respectively. The highest N2O emission was measured in correspondence of scenario S5 (airflow rate of 1.6 m3/m2/h) with 0.40 mg N2O-N/m2/h in agreement with previous literature studies. The obtained results could effectively address the operators to find a trade-off between operational costs and water quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alida Cosenza
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Build. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Hazal Gulhan
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Build. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Environmental Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Giorgio Mannina
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Build. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|