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Wang S, Tian Y, Bi Y, Meng F, Qiu C, Yu J, Liu L, Zhao Y. Recovery strategies and mechanisms of anammox reaction following inhibition by environmental factors: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118824. [PMID: 38588911 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising biological method for treating nitrogen-rich, low-carbon wastewater. However, the application of anammox technology in actual engineering is easily limited by environmental factors. Considerable progress has been investigated in recent years in anammox restoration strategies, significantly addressing the challenge of poor reaction performance following inhibition. This review systematically outlines the strategies employed to recover anammox performance following inhibition by conventional environmental factors and emerging pollutants. Additionally, comprehensive summaries of strategies aimed at promoting anammox activity and enhancing nitrogen removal performance provide valuable insights into the current research landscape in this field. The review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of restoration strategies of anammox-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopo Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmeng Bi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Fansheng Meng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunsheng Qiu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjie Yu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingjie Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Gu X, Sun J, Wang T, Li J, Wang H, Wang J, Wang Y. Comprehensive review of microbial production of medium-chain fatty acids from waste activated sludge and enhancement strategy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 402:130782. [PMID: 38701982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Microbial production of versatile applicability medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) (C6-C10) from waste activated sludge (WAS) provides a pioneering approach for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to achieve carbon recovery. Mounting studies emerged endeavored to promote the MCFAs production from WAS while struggling with limited MCFAs production and selectivity. Herein, this review covers comprehensive introduction of the transformation process from WAS to MCFAs and elaborates the mechanisms for unsatisfactory MCFAs production. The enhancement strategies for biotransformation of WAS to MCFAs was presented. Especially, the robust performance of iron-based materials is highlighted. Furthermore, knowledge gaps are identified to outline future research directions. Recycling MCFAs from WAS presents a promising option for future WAS treatment, with iron-based materials emerging as a key regulatory strategy in advancing the application of WAS-to-MCFAs biotechnology. This review will advance the understanding of MCFAs recovery from WAS and promote sustainable resource management in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Zhu X, Li P, Ju F. Microbiome dynamics and products profiles of biowaste fermentation under different organic loads and additives. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300216. [PMID: 38708413 PMCID: PMC11065332 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Biowaste fermentation is a promising technology for low-carbon print bioenergy and biochemical production. Although it is believed that the microbiome determines both the fermentation efficiency and the product profiles of biowastes, the explicit mechanisms of how microbial activity controls fermentation processes remained to be unexplored. The current study investigated the microbiome dynamics and fermentation product profiles of biowaste fermentation under different organic loads (5, 20, and 40 g-VS/L) and with additives that potentially modulate the fermentation process via methanogenesis inhibition (2-bromoethanesulfonate) or electron transfer promotion (i.e., reduced iron, magnetite iron, and activated carbon). The overall fermentation products yields were 440, 373 and 208 CH4-eq/g-VS for low-, medium- and high-load fermentation. For low- and medium-load fermentation, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were first accumulated and were gradually converted to methane. For high-load fermentation, VFAs were the main fermentation products during the entire fermentation period, accounting for 62% of all products. 16S rRNA-based analyses showed that both 2-bromoethanesulfonate addition and increase of organic loads inhibited the activity of methanogens and promoted the activity of distinct VFA-producing bacterial microbiomes. Moreover, the addition of activated carbon promoted the activity of H2-producing Bacteroides, homoacetogenic Eubacteriaceae and methanogenic Methanosarcinaceae, whose activity dynamics during the fermentation led to changes in acetate and methane production. The current results unveiled mechanisms of microbiome activity dynamics shaping the biowaste fermentation product profiles and provided the fundamental basis for the development of microbiome-guided engineering approaches to modulate biowaste fermentation toward high-value product recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of EngineeringWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Environmental Microbiome and Biotechnology Laboratory, Center of Synthetic Biology and Integrated BioengineeringWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Institute of Advanced TechnologyWestlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of EngineeringWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Environmental Microbiome and Biotechnology Laboratory, Center of Synthetic Biology and Integrated BioengineeringWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Institute of Advanced TechnologyWestlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Feng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of EngineeringWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Environmental Microbiome and Biotechnology Laboratory, Center of Synthetic Biology and Integrated BioengineeringWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Institute of Advanced TechnologyWestlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
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Dhiman S, Khanna K, Kour J, Singh AD, Bhardwaj T, Devi K, Sharma N, Kumar V, Bhardwaj R. Landfill bacteriology: Role in waste bioprocessing elevated landfill gaseselimination and heat management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120364. [PMID: 38387351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This study delves into the critical role of microbial ecosystems in landfills, which are pivotal for handling municipal solid waste (MSW). Within these landfills, a complex interplay of several microorganisms (aerobic/anaerobic bacteria, archaea or methanotrophs), drives the conversion of complex substrates into simplified compounds and complete mineralization into the water, inorganic salts, and gases, including biofuel methane gas. These landfills have dominant biotic and abiotic environments where various bacterial, archaeal, and fungal groups evolve and interact to decompose substrate by enabling hydrolytic, fermentative, and methanogenic processes. Each landfill consists of diverse bio-geochemical environments with complex microbial populations, ranging from deeply underground anaerobic methanogenic systems to near-surface aerobic systems. These kinds of landfill generate leachates which in turn emerged as a significant risk to the surrounding because generated leachates are rich in toxic organic/inorganic components, heavy metals, minerals, ammonia and xenobiotics. In addition to this, microbial communities in a landfill ecosystem could not be accurately identified using lab microbial-culturing methods alone because most of the landfill's microorganisms cannot grow on a culture medium. Due to these reasons, research on landfills microbiome has flourished which has been characterized by a change from a culture-dependent approach to a more sophisticated use of molecular techniques like Sanger Sequencing and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). These sequencing techniques have completely revolutionized the identification and analysis of these diverse microbial communities. This review underscores the significance of microbial functions in waste decomposition, gas management, and heat control in landfills. It further explores how modern sequencing technologies have transformed our approach to studying these complex ecosystems, offering deeper insights into their taxonomic composition and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Dhiman
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India; Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar, 144001, Punjab, India
| | - Jaspreet Kour
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Arun Dev Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Tamanna Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Kamini Devi
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Neerja Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government College for Women, Gandhi Nagar, Jammu 180004, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
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Wang D, Han I, McCullough K, Klaus S, Lee J, Srinivasan V, Li G, Wang ZL, Bott CB, McQuarrie J, Stinson BM, deBarbadillo C, Dombrowski P, Barnard J, Gu AZ. Side-Stream Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (S2EBPR) enables effective phosphorus removal in a pilot-scale A-B stage shortcut nitrogen removal system for mainstream municipal wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 251:121050. [PMID: 38241807 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
While the adsorption/bio-oxidation (A/B) process has been widely studied for carbon capture and shortcut nitrogen (N) removal, its integration with enhanced biological phosphorus (P) removal (EBPR) has been considered challenging and thus unexplored. Here, full-scale pilot testing with an integrated system combining A-stage high-rate activated sludge with B-stage partial (de)nitrification/anammox and side-stream EBPR (HRAS-P(D)N/A-S2EBPR) was conducted treating real municipal wastewater. The results demonstrated that, despite the relatively low influent carbon load, the B-stage P(D)N-S2EBPR system could achieve effective P removal performance, with the carbon supplement and redirection of the A-stage sludge fermentate to the S2EBPR. The novel process configuration design enabled a system shift in carbon flux and distribution for efficient EBPR, and provided unique selective factors for ecological niche partitioning among different key functionally relevant microorganisms including polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs). The combined nitrite from B-stage to S2EBPR and aerobic-anoxic conditions in our HRAS-P(D)N/A-S2EBPR system promoted DPAOs for simultaneous internal carbon-driven denitrification via nitrite and P removal. 16S rRNA gene-based oligotyping analysis revealed high phylogenetic microdiversity within the Accumulibacter population and discovered coexistence of certain oligotypes of Accumulibacter and Competibacter correlated with efficient P removal. Single-cell Raman micro-spectroscopy-based phenotypic profiling showed high phenotypic microdiversity in the active PAO community and the involvement of unidentified PAOs and internal carbon-accumulating organisms that potentially played an important role in system performance. This is the first pilot study to demonstrate that the P(D)N-S2EBPR system could achieve shortcut N removal and influent carbon-independent EBPR simultaneously, and the results provided insights into the effects of incorporating S2EBPR into A/B process on metabolic activities, microbial ecology, and resulted system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Wang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Il Han
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States
| | - Kester McCullough
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States; Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Avenue, Virginia Beach, VA, 23454, United States
| | - Stephanie Klaus
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Avenue, Virginia Beach, VA, 23454, United States
| | - Jangho Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States
| | - Varun Srinivasan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Brown and Caldwell, One Tech Drive, Andover, MA 01810, United States
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States
| | - Zijian Leo Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Riley-Robb Hall, 106, 111 Wing Dr, Ithaca, NY, 14850, United States
| | - Charles B Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Avenue, Virginia Beach, VA, 23454, United States
| | - Jim McQuarrie
- Denver Metro Wastewater Reclamation District, 6450 York St, Denver, CO 80229, United States
| | | | - Christine deBarbadillo
- District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority, 5000 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20032, USA
| | - Paul Dombrowski
- Woodard & Curran, Inc., 1699 King Street, Enfield, CT 06082, United States
| | - James Barnard
- Black & Veatch, 8400 Ward Parkway, Kansas City, MO, 64114, United States
| | - April Z Gu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States.
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Chu G, Qi W, Chen W, Zhang Y, Gao S, Wang Q, Gao C, Gao M. Metagenomic insights into the nitrogen metabolism, antioxidant pathway, and antibiotic resistance genes of activated sludge from a sequencing batch reactor under tetracycline stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132788. [PMID: 37856954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Tetracycline is prevalent in wastewater treatment plants and poses a potential threat to biological nitrogen removal under long-term exposure. In the present study, the influence of different tetracycline concentrations on the nitrogen removal, bioactivity response, and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was assessed in sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The nitrogen removal efficiency, nitrification rate, and denitrification rate and their corresponding enzymatic activities gradually decreased with an increase in tetracycline concentration from 0.5 to 15 mg/L. The remarkable toxicity induced by tetracycline led to a significant increase in the peroxidation and the response of antioxidant system, as evidenced by strengthened antioxidant enzymatic activity and abundant genes (SOD12, katG, PXDN, gpx, and apx). Tetracycline addition significantly inhibited the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas and functional genes (amoA, amoB, and amoC). The presence of tetracycline decreased the abundance of citrate synthase and genes (CS, IDH3, and acnA) and interfered with carbon source metabolism, leading to impaired bioactivity and treatment performance. In addition, the presence of tetracycline induces diversity and differences in ARGs. The results provide reliable basic data for a deeper understanding of the effects of tetracycline on the nitrogen removal performance of bioreactors and provide a theoretical basis to build a promising strategy for relieving antibiotic-caused process fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Chu
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Weiyi Qi
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wenzheng Chen
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yuqiao Zhang
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shijiang Gao
- Logistics Support Division, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Qianzhi Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Xu Y, Wang X, Gu Y, Liang C, Guo W, Ngo HH, Peng L. Optimizing ciprofloxacin removal through regulations of trophic modes and FNA levels in a moving bed biofilm reactor performing sidestream partial nitritation. WATER RESEARCH X 2024; 22:100216. [PMID: 38831973 PMCID: PMC11144728 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The performance of partial nitritation (PN)-moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) in removal of antibiotics in the sidestream wastewater has not been investigated so far. In this work, the removal of ciprofloxacin was assessed under varying free nitrous acid (FNA) levels and different trophic modes. For the first time, a positive correlation was observed between ciprofloxacin removal and FNA levels, either in the autotrophic PN-MBBR or in the mixotrophic PN-MBBR, mainly ascribed to the FNA-stimulating effect on heterotrophic bacteria (HB)-induced biodegradation. The maximum ciprofloxacin removal efficiency (∼98 %) and removal rate constant (0.021 L g-1 SS h-1) were obtained in the mixotrophic PN-MBBR at an average FNA level of 0.056 mg-N L-1, which were 5.8 and 51.2 times higher than the corresponding values in the autotrophic PN-MBBR at 0 mg FNA-N L-1. Increasing FNA from 0.006 to 0.056 mg-N L-1 would inhibit ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB)-induced cometabolism and metabolism from 10.2 % and 6.9 % to 6.2 % and 6.4 %, respectively, while HB-induced cometabolism and metabolism increased from 31.2 % and 22.7 % to 41.9 % and 34.5 %, respectively. HB-induced cometabolism became the predominant biodegradation pathway (75.9 %-85.8 %) in the mixotrophic mode. Less antimicrobial biotransformation products without the piperazine or fluorine were newly identified to propose potential degradation pathways, corresponding to microbial-induced metabolic types and FNA levels. This work shed light on enhancing antibiotic removal via regulating both FNA accumulation and organic carbon addition in the PN-MBBR process treating sidestream wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Gu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanzhou Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Lai Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, China
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