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Wu J, Zou J, Lin J, Li S, He L, Wu Z, Li Q, Gong C, Ma J. Overlooked Role of Coexistent Hydrogen Peroxide in Activated Peracetic Acid by Cu(II) for Enhanced Oxidation of Organic Contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:15741-15754. [PMID: 38359405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Cu(II)-catalyzed peracetic acid (PAA) processes have shown significant potential to remove contaminants in water treatment. Nevertheless, the role of coexistent H2O2 in the transformation from Cu(II) to Cu(I) remained contentious. Herein, with the Cu(II)/PAA process as an example, the respective roles of PAA and H2O2 on the Cu(II)/Cu(I) cycling were comprehensively investigated over the pH range of 7.0-10.5. Contrary to previous studies, it was surprisingly found that the coexistent deprotonated H2O2 (HO2-), instead of PAA, was crucial for accelerating the transformation from Cu(II) to Cu(I) (kHO2-/Cu(II) = (0.17-1) × 106 M-1 s-1, kPAA/Cu(II) < 2.33 ± 0.3 M-1 s-1). Subsequently, the formed Cu(I) preferentially reacted with PAA (kPAA/Cu(I) = (5.84 ± 0.17) × 102 M-1 s-1), rather than H2O2 (kH2O2/Cu(I) = (5.00 ± 0.2) × 101 M-1 s-1), generating reactive species to oxidize organic contaminants. With naproxen as the target pollutant, the proposed synergistic role of H2O2 and PAA was found to be highly dependent on the solution pH with weakly alkaline conditions being more conducive to naproxen degradation. Overall, this study systematically investigated the overlooked but crucial role of coexistent H2O2 in the Cu(II)/PAA process, which might provide valuable insights for better understanding the underlying mechanism in Cu-catalyzed PAA processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Wu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jinbin Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Linfeng He
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Gong
- Xiamen Institute of Environmental Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, P. R. China
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Zou R, Yang W, Rezaei B, Tang K, Guo K, Zhang P, Keller SS, Andersen HR, Zhang Y. Activation of peracetic acid by electrodes using biogenic electrons: A novel energy- and catalyst-free process to eliminate pharmaceuticals. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:122065. [PMID: 39002421 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) has received increasing attention as an alternative oxidant for wastewater treatment. However, existing processes for PAA activation to generate reactive species typically require external energy input (e.g., electrically and UV-mediated activation) or catalysts (e.g., Co2+), inevitably increasing treatment costs or introducing potential new contaminants that necessitate additional removal. In this work, we developed a catalyst-free, self-sustaining bioelectrochemical approach within a two-chamber bioelectrochemical system (BES), where a cathode electrode in-situ activates PAA using renewable biogenic electrons generated by anodic exoelectrogens (e.g., Geobacter) degrading biodegradable organic matter (e.g., acetic acid) in wastewater at the anode. This innovative BES-PAA technique achieved 98 % and 81 % removal of 2 µM sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in two hours at pH 2 (cation exchange membrane) and pH 6 (bipolar membrane) using 100 μM PAA without external voltage. Mechanistic studies, including radical quenching, molecular probe validation, electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, revealed that SMX degradation was driven by reactive species generated via biogenic electron-mediated OO cleavage of PAA, with CH3C(O)OO• contributing 68.1 %, •OH of 18.4 %, and CH3C(O)O• of 9.4 %, where initial formation of •OH and CH3C(O)O• rapidly reacts with PAA to produce CH3C(O)OO•. The presence of common water constituents such as anions (e.g., Cl-, NO3-, and H2PO4-) and humic acid (HA) significantly hinders SMX removal via the BES-PAA technique, whereas CO32- and HCO3- ions have a comparatively minor impact. Additionally, the study investigated the removal of various pharmaceuticals present in secondary treated municipal wastewater, attributing differences in removal efficiency to the selective action of CH3C(O)OO•. This research demonstrates a novel PAA activation method that is ecologically benign, inexpensive, and capable of overcoming catalyst deactivation and secondary pollution issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusen Zou
- Department of Environmental & Ressource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, DK 2800, Denmark
| | - Babak Rezaei
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Environmental & Ressource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kuangxin Guo
- Department of Environmental & Ressource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pingping Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Stephan Sylvest Keller
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik Rasmus Andersen
- Department of Environmental & Ressource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental & Ressource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Liu T, Li N, Xiao S, Chen J, Ji R, Shi Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Revisiting iodide species transformation in peracetic acid oxidation: unexpected role of radicals in micropollutants decontamination and iodate formation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 265:122270. [PMID: 39167976 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) is an alternative disinfectant for saline wastewaters, and hypohalous acids are typically regarded as the reactive species for oxidation and disinfection. However, new results herein strongly suggest that reactive radicals instead of HOI primarily contributed to decontamination during PAA treatment of iodine-containing wastewater. The presence of I- could greatly accelerate the micropollutants (e.g., sulfamethoxazole (SMX)) transformation by PAA. Chemical probes experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis demonstrate acetylperoxyl radical rather than reactive iodine species primarily responsible for SMX degradation. The kinetic model was developed to further distinguish and quantify the contribution of radicals and iodine species, as well as to elucidate the transformation pathways of iodine species. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the nucleophilic attack of I- on the peroxide bond of PAA could form unstable O-I bond, with the transition state energy barrier for radical generation lower than that for HOI formation. The transformation of iodine species was regulated by acetylperoxyl radical to generate nontoxic IO3-, greatly alleviating the iodinated DBPs formation in saline wastewaters. This work provides mechanistic insights in radical-regulated iodine species transformation during PAA oxidation, paving the way for the development of viable and eco-friendly technology for iodide containing water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shaoze Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai,200092, China.
| | - Ruicheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yufei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai,200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai,200092, China.
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Luo Z, Huang W, Yu W, Tang S, Wei K, Yu Y, Xu L, Yin H, Niu J. Insights into electrochemical oxidation of tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) in aquatic media: Degradation performance, mechanisms and toxicity changes of intermediate products. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 343:140267. [PMID: 37758090 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) has gained significant attention due to its widespread presence and potential toxicity in the environment. In this study, the degradation of TBOEP in aquatic media was investigated using electrochemical oxidation technology. The anode Ti/SnO2-Sb/La-PbO2 demonstrated effective degradation performance, with a reaction constant (k) of 0.6927 min-1 and energy consumption of 1.24 kW h/m3 at 10 mA/cm2. CV tests, EPR tests, and quenching experiments confirmed that indirect degradation is the main degradation mechanism and ·OH radicals were the predominant reactive species, accounting for up to 93.8%. The presence of various factors, including Cl-, NO3-, HCO3- and humic acid (HA), inhibited the degradation of TBOEP, with the inhibitory effect dependent on the concentrations. A total of 13 intermediates were identified using UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS, and subsequent reactions led to their further degradation. Two main degradation pathways involving bond breaking, hydroxylation, and oxidation were proposed. Both Flow cytometry and the ECOSAR predictive model indicated that the intermediates exhibited lower toxic than the parent compound, resulting in a high detoxification rate of 95.9% for TBOEP. Although the impact of TBOEP on the phylum-level microbial community composition was found to be insignificant, substantial alterations in bacterial abundance were noted when examining the genus level. The dominant genus Methylotenera, representing 17.4% in the control group, decreased to 6.9% in the presence of TBOEP and slightly increased to 8.7% in the 4-min exposure group of degradation products. Electrochemical oxidation demonstrated its effectiveness for the degradation and detoxification of TBOEP in aqueous solutions, while it is essential to consider the potential impact of degradation products on sediment microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Luo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wantang Huang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wenyan Yu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shaoyu Tang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Kun Wei
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- China Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hua Yin
- China Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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