1
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Johns DA, Williams RJ, Smith CM, Nadaminti PP, Samarasinghe RM. Novel insights on genetics and epigenetics as clinical targets for paediatric astrocytoma. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1560. [PMID: 38299304 PMCID: PMC10831580 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Paediatric and adult astrocytomas are notably different, where clinical treatments used for adults are not as effective on children with the same form of cancer and these treatments lead to adverse long-term health concerns. Integrative omics-based studies have shown the pathology and fundamental molecular characteristics differ significantly and cannot be extrapolated from the more widely studied adult disease. Recent clinical advances in our understanding of paediatric astrocytomas, with the aid of next-generation sequencing and epigenome-wide profiling, have led to the identification of key canonical mutations that vary based on the tumour location and age of onset. These driver mutations, in particular the identification of the recurrent histone H3 mutations in high-grade tumours, have confirmed the important role epigenetic dysregulations play in cancer progression. This review summarises the current updates of the classification, epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical management of paediatric astrocytoma based on their grades and the ongoing clinical trials. It also provides novel insights on genetic and epigenetic alterations as diagnostic biomarkers, highlighting the potential of targeting these pathways as therapeutics for this devastating childhood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona A. Johns
- School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Richard J. Williams
- School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Craig M. Smith
- School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Pavani P. Nadaminti
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, ParkvilleMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rasika M. Samarasinghe
- School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
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2
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Chalif EJ, Murray RD, Mozaffari K, Chillakuru YR, Shim T, Monfared A, Sherman JH. Malignant Pineal Parenchymal Tumors in Adults: A National Cancer Database Analysis. Neurosurgery 2022; 90:807-815. [DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000001915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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3
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Owens MR, Nguyen S, Karsy M. Utility of Administrative Databases and Big Data on Understanding Glioma Treatment—A Systematic Review. INDIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors where large multicenter clinical and genetic studies have become increasingly popular in their understanding. We reviewed and analyzed the findings from large databases in gliomas, seeking to understand clinically relevant information.
Methods A systematic review was performed for gliomas studied using large administrative databases up to January 2020 (e.g., National Inpatient Sample [NIS], National Surgical Quality Improvement Program [NSQIP], and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program [SEER], National Cancer Database [NCDB], and others).
Results Out of 390 screened studies, 122 were analyzed. Studies included a wide range of gliomas including low- and high-grade gliomas. The SEER database (n = 83) was the most used database followed by NCDB (n = 28). The most common pathologies included glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (n = 67), with the next category including mixes of grades II to IV glioma (n = 31). Common study themes involved evaluation of descriptive epidemiological trends, prognostic factors, comparison of different pathologies, and evaluation of outcome trends over time. Persistent health care disparities in patient outcomes were frequently seen depending on race, marital status, insurance status, hospital volume, and location, which did not change over time. Most studies showed improvement in survival because of advances in surgical and adjuvant treatments.
Conclusions This study helps summarize the use of clinical administrative databases in gliomas research, informing on socioeconomic issues, surgical outcomes, and adjuvant treatments over time on a national level. Large databases allow for some study questions that would not be possible with single institution data; however, limitations remain in data curation, analysis, and reporting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica-Rae Owens
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Utah, United States
| | - Sarah Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Utah, United States
| | - Michael Karsy
- University of Utah Health Care, University of Utah Health Hospitals and Clinics, Utah, United States
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Anand S, Chatterjee A, Gupta T, Panda P, Moiyadi A, Epari S, Patil V, Krishnatry R, Goda JS, Jalali R. Upfront Therapy of Aggressive/High-Risk Low-Grade Glioma: Single-Institution Outcome Analysis of Temozolomide-Based Radio-Chemotherapy and Adjuvant Chemotherapy. World Neurosurg 2021; 154:e176-e184. [PMID: 34245877 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report clinical outcomes of temozolomide (TMZ)-based radio-chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with aggressive/high-risk low-grade glioma (LGG). METHODS Medical records of patients defined as aggressive/high-risk LGG based on clinicoradiologic and/or histomorphologic features treated between 2009 and 2016 in an academic neuro-oncology unit with upfront postoperative radiotherapy at time of initial diagnosis with concurrent and adjuvant TMZ were reviewed, retrospectively. RESULTS In total, 64 patients with median age of 38 years at initial diagnosis were included. Histomorphologically, patients were classified into oligodendroglioma, mixed oligoastrocytoma, and astrocytoma. Molecular markers such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and 1p/19q codeletion were used to classify 37 of 64 (58%) patients into molecularly defined entities comprising oligodendroglioma (IDH-mutant with 1p/19q codeletion), IDH-mutant astrocytoma (immunohistochemistry or gene sequencing), and IDH-wild-type astrocytoma (gene sequencing). All 64 patients completed planned conventionally fractionated focal conformal radiotherapy (median dose 55.8 Gy) with concurrent TMZ. Fifty-nine patients received further adjuvant TMZ for a median of 12 cycles. Adjuvant TMZ was stopped prematurely in 6 (9%) patients due to toxicity or early disease progression. At a median follow-up of 56.7 months, 5-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression-free survival and overall survival for the study cohort were 74.6% and 84.3%, respectively. Five-year overall survival was 87.5%, 90.4%, and 71.9% for oligodendroglioma, mixed oligoastrocytoma, and astrocytoma, respectively (P = 0.42) Similar estimates for molecularly defined oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant astrocytoma, and IDH-wild-type astrocytoma were 85.8%, 90%, and 66.7%, respectively (P = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS Upfront TMZ-based concurrent radio-chemotherapy and adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy provides acceptable survival outcomes in aggressive/high-risk LGG with modest toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachith Anand
- Department of Radiation Oncology, TMH/ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Abhishek Chatterjee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, TMH/ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Tejpal Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, TMH/ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.
| | - Pankaj Panda
- Department of Clinical Research Secretariat, TMH/ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Aliasgar Moiyadi
- Department of Neuro-surgical Oncology, TMH/ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Sridhar Epari
- Department of Pathology, TMH/ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Vijay Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, TMH/ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Krishnatry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, TMH/ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Jayant Sastri Goda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, TMH/ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Rakesh Jalali
- Department of Radiation Oncology, TMH/ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
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Liu Z, Feng S, Li J, Cao H, Huang J, Fan F, Cheng L, Liu Z, Cheng Q. The Survival Benefits of Surgical Resection and Adjuvant Therapy for Patients With Brainstem Glioma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:566972. [PMID: 33842307 PMCID: PMC8027112 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.566972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The role of surgical resection in the treatment of brainstem glioma (BSG) is poorly understood. For pediatric low-grade (LGBSG) group, several monocentric small-scale retrospective studies reported contradictory conclusions. And there was no clinical study focused on surgical resection for adult or pediatric high-grade (HG) patient groups. This study aims to illustrate whether surgical resection and adjuvant therapy provide survival benefits for patients with histologically confirmed BSG. Patients and Methods This retrospective cohort study included 529 patients with histologically confirmed BSG in Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 2006-2015. Patients were divided into four groups by age and World Health Organization (WHO) grade. Kaplan-Meier curves of CSS were plotted by different treatment options to compare the survival probability. Univariate and multivariable analyses were then conducted to determine the prognosis effects of surgical resection and adjuvant therapy on cancer specific survival (CSS). All analyses were done in four different groups separately. Results The final sample included 529 patients. The entire study population was divided into groups of pediatric LG (n=236, 44.6%), pediatric HG (n=37, 7.0%), adult LG (n=204, 38.6%) and adult HG (n=52, 9.8%). 52.7% (n=144) of pediatric patients had pilocytic astrocytoma and 45.3% (n=116) of adult patients had ependymoma. Pediatric LGBSG group had the highest gross total resection (GTR) rate (61.4%) and 5-year CSS rate (88.6%). Kaplan-Meier curves of pediatric LGBSG group revealed that patients treated with GTR had significantly better survival probability (P=0.033). Multivariable analysis identified GTR as independently significant predictor for prolonged CSS in pediatric LGBSG group (HR0.29, 95%CI 0.11-0.78, P=0.015); Surgical resection showed no relation to CSS in other patient groups. Kaplan-Meier curves of adult HGBSG group showed that patients treated with both RT and CT in adult HGBSG group had the best survival probability (P=0.02). However, multivariable analysis showed the combination of radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) was not significantly related to better CSS in adult HGBSG group (HR0.35, 95%CI 0.11-1.09, P=0.070). Adjuvant therapy didn’t associate with better CSS in other patient groups. Conclusion Pediatric LGBSG group had the highest GTR rate and the most favorable clinical outcome. GTR can provide significant survival benefits for pediatric LGBSG group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Songshan Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Emergency, Fengyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fengyang, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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6
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Darlix A, Rigau V, Duffau H. Neoformazioni intracraniche: gliomi di grado II. Neurologia 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(20)44227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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7
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Foster CH, Dave P, Sherman JH. Chemotherapy for the Management of Cerebral Metastases. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2020; 31:603-611. [PMID: 32921355 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy has played a minor role as adjuvant therapy in treatment of cerebral metastases from solid cancers. The blood-brain barrier and cerebral metastases' considerable machinery of self-preservation have been significant obstacles to delivery and efficacy of chemotherapy. However, several methods intended to surmount these challenges have arisen alongside advent of technology and with the development of targeted molecular therapies. Focused ultrasound and molecular Trojan horses represent two such novel means of increasing permeability of the blood-brain barrier to effector agents. Published data on efficacy of these targeted therapies remain mostly restricted to retrospective studies and phase II prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase H Foster
- Department of Neurological Surgery, George Washington University Hospital, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest, Suite 7-420, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Pooja Dave
- The GW School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest, Suite 7-420, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Jonathan H Sherman
- West Virginia University, Eastern Division, 800 North Tennessee Avenue, Suite 104, Martinsburg, WV 25401, USA.
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Jiang W, Rixiati Y, Kuerban Z, Simayi A, Huang C, Jiao B. Racial/Ethnic Disparities and Survival in Pediatrics with Gliomas Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database in the United States. World Neurosurg 2020; 141:e524-e529. [PMID: 32492539 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most common type of primary central nervous system tumor for both children and adults. However, the influence of racial/ethnic disparities on the survival of children with gliomas has not been fully evaluated yet. METHODS Baseline characteristics of patients, including sex, year of diagnosis, surgery, grade, radiation, histology, and races, were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses for overall survival (OS) were performed using Cox proportional hazards regression model. Survival curves were plotted using Kaplan-Meier methods. RESULTS A total of 4400 childhood patients were enrolled, including 2516 non-Hispanic whites (NHWs), 1050 Hispanic whites (HWs), 519 blacks, 282 Asians or Pacific Islanders (APIs), and 33 American Indian/Alaska Natives. NHWs had the longest overall survival (OS), whereas blacks had the shortest OS (P = 0.003). Stratified by histologic type, OS of children with astrocytoma was better among NHWs and HWs than among blacks and APIs (P = 0.004). OS of children with ependymoma was better among NHWs and APIs than among HWs and blacks (P = 0.008). However, no significant difference was observed in OS for children with medulloblastoma (P = 0.854). CONCLUSIONS Survival outcomes varied significantly by race/ethnicity among childhood gliomas. Better management of childhood gliomas is warranted to close the survival gap between race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical, Navy Medical University, Shangha, P.R. China
| | - Youlutuziayi Rixiati
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zumulaiti Kuerban
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Aidibai Simayi
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Caiguo Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical, Navy Medical University, Shangha, P.R. China
| | - Binghua Jiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical, Navy Medical University, Shangha, P.R. China.
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Zou H, Li C, Wanggou S, Li X. Survival Risk Prediction Models of Gliomas Based on IDH and 1p/19q. J Cancer 2020; 11:4297-4307. [PMID: 32489448 PMCID: PMC7255380 DOI: 10.7150/jca.43805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas have been classified into different molecular subtypes based on their molecular features. To explore the prognostic factors of different subtypes of gliomas, we performed a univariate survival analysis based on the RNA-seq data of 653 patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We identified 12205 (20.18%), 6125 (10.13%) and 5206 (8.61%) genes associated with the overall survival (OS) of the IDH-wildtype, IDH-mutation 1p/19q intact and IDH-mutation 1p/19q codeletion gliomas, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that OS related genes were mainly involved in alcoholism, systemic lupus erythematosus, hematopoietic cell lineage and diabetes. The OS related genes were further selected using Lasso regression, and three prognostic risk score models were constructed to effectively predict the OS of the patients with different subtypes of gliomas. In total, 76 signature genes were identified and were selected to construct the three models. Moreover, neither of the 76 genes overlapped between different models, which suggested the enormous difference among the three subtypes, although some signature genes (SERPINA5, RP11.229A12.2 and RP11.62F24.2) were also identified as the OS related genes in different glioma subtypes. Interestingly, five genes (RP11.229A12.2, RP11.62F24.2, C3orf67, RP11.275H4.1 and TBX3) played opposing roles (protective or risk factor) in different subtypes. Additionally, the prognosis models consisted of a substantial proportion of non-coding RNA (58.74%, 70.13% and 58.11% in the IDH-wildtype, IDH-mutation 1p/19q intact and IDH-mutation 1p/19q codeletion). Furthermore, multivariate analysis integrating clinical variables demonstrated that risk group predicted by the prognostic models was an independent prognostic factor for gliomas. In conclusion, we have constructed and validated three models that have the potential to predict the prognosis of glioma patients. The genes and pathways identified in this study require further investigation for their underlying mechanisms and potential clinical significance in improving the OS of the glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zou
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chang Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Siyi Wanggou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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10
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Liu Z, Feng S, Li J, Cao H, Huang J, Fan F, Cheng L, Liu Z, Cheng Q. The Epidemiological Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Low-Grade Brainstem Glioma: A Real-World Study of Pediatric and Adult Patients. Front Oncol 2020; 10:391. [PMID: 32328455 PMCID: PMC7160332 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Our current understanding of low-grade brainstem glioma (LGBSG) is still limited. This study aimed to conduct a large-scale population-based real-world study to understand the epidemiological characteristics of LGBSG and determine the predictive factors of cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) of LGBSG patients. Patients and Methods: We used Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database to conduct this study of patients with histologically confirmed LGBSG. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment options were compared between pediatric and adult patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to determine prognostic factors of CSS and OS. Kaplan–Meier curve and decision tree were used to confirm the prognostic factors. All variables were further identified by L1-penalized (Lasso) regression and then a nomogram was established to predict the 5- and 8-year CSS and OS rate. The precision of the nomogram was evaluated by calibration plots, Harrell's concordance index, and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve. The clinical use of nomogram was estimated by decision curve analysis. Results: A cohort of 305 patients with LGBSG, including 165 pediatric and 140 adult patients, was analyzed. Adult and pediatric patients showed different patterns concerning tumor size, tumor extension, adjuvant therapy, and survival rate. Univariate analysis revealed that pediatric group, gross total resection (GTR), World Health Organization grade II, radiotherapy, extension to ventricular system, and diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumor (DAOT) were significantly associated with CSS. Multivariate analysis showed that pediatric group, metastasis, ventricular system involvement, and DAOT were independently associated with CSS. The prognostic factors were further confirmed by Kaplan–Meier curve and decision tree. Kaplan–Meier curve also showed that adjuvant therapy added no benefits in patients with GTR and non-GTR. In addition, the nomogram was developed and the C-index of internal validation for CSS was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.78–0.96). Conclusion: This study shows that pediatric and adult patients have different tumor characteristics, treatment options, and survival rate. Pediatric group, DAOT, ventricular system involvement, and metastasis were identified as independent prognostic factors for CSS by multivariate analysis. Adjuvant therapy showed no benefits on CSS in patients with GTR and non-GTR. The nomogram was discriminative and clinically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Songshan Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Emergency, Fengyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fengyang, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Jin T, Liu M, Liu Y, Li Y, Xu Z, He H, Liu J, Zhang Y, Ke Y. Lcn2-derived Circular RNA (hsa_circ_0088732) Inhibits Cell Apoptosis and Promotes EMT in Glioma via the miR-661/RAB3D Axis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:170. [PMID: 32154171 PMCID: PMC7047435 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system, and often displays invasive growth. Recently, circular RNA (circRNA), which is a novel non-coding type of RNA, has been shown to play a vital role in glioma tumorigenesis. However, the functions and mechanism of lipocalin-2 (Lcn2)-derived circular RNA (hsa_circ_0088732) in glioma progression remain unclear. Methods: We evaluated hsa_circ_0088732 expression by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Sanger sequencing, and PCR assays. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining. Transwell migration and invasion assays were performed to measure cell metastasis and viability. In addition, the target miRNA of hsa_circ_0088732 and the target gene of miR-661 were predicted by a bioinformatics analysis, and the interactions were verified by dual-luciferase reporter assays. RAB3D expression was analyzed by an immunochemistry assay, and E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin protein expression were examined by western blot assays. A mouse xenograft model was developed and used to analyze the effects of hsa_circ_0088732 on glioma growth in vivo. Results: We verified that hsa_circ_0088732 is circular and highly expressed in glioma tissues. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0088732 induced glioma cell apoptosis and inhibited glioma cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We found that hsa_circ_0088732 negatively regulated miR-661 by targeting miR-661, and RAB3D was a target gene of miR-661. In addition, inhibition of miR-661 promoted glioma cell metastasis and suppressed cell apoptosis. Knockdown of RAB3D induced cell apoptosis and suppressed cell metastasis. Moreover, hsa_circ_0088732 accelerated glioma progression through its effects on the miR-661/RAB3D axis. Finally, results from a mouse xenograft model confirmed that knockdown of hsa_circ_0088732 induced miR-661 expression, resulting in suppression of RAB3D expression and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion: We demonstrated that hsa_circ_0088732 facilitated glioma progression by sponging miR-661 to increase RAB3D expression. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the development and occurrence of glioma, as well as for the development of targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Mingfa Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Yuanzhi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Southern Medical University (Hengyang Central Hospital), Hengyang, China
| | - Zhennan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Haoqi He
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiquan Ke
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Wang Q, He Z, Chen Y. Comprehensive Analysis Reveals a 4-Gene Signature in Predicting Response to Temozolomide in Low-Grade Glioma Patients. Cancer Control 2019; 26:1073274819855118. [PMID: 31167546 PMCID: PMC6558750 DOI: 10.1177/1073274819855118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are a highly heterogeneous group of slow-growing,
lethal, diffusive brain tumors. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a frequently used primary
chemotherapeutic agent for LGGs. Currently there is no consensus as to the
optimal biomarkers to predict the efficacy of TMZ, which calls for
decision-making for each patient while considering molecular profiles. Low-grade
glioma data sets were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Cox regression and
survival analyses were applied to identify clinical features significantly
associated with survival. Subsequently, Ordinal logistic regression,
co-expression, and Cox regression analyses were applied to identify genes that
correlate significantly with response rate, disease-free survival, and overall
survival of patients receiving TMZ as primary therapy. Finally, gene expression
and methylation analyses were exploited to explain the mechanism between these
gene expression and TMZ efficacy in LGG patients. Overall survival was
significantly correlated with age, Karnofsky Performance Status score, and
histological grade, but not with IDH1 mutation status. Using 3
distinct efficacy end points, regression and co-expression analyses further
identified a novel 4-gene signature of ASPM, CCNB1, EXO1, and
KIF23 which negatively correlated with response to TMZ
therapy. In addition, expression of the 4-gene signature was associated with
those of genes involved in homologous recombination. Finally, expression and
methylation profiling identified a largely unknown olfactory receptor
OR51F2 as potential mediator of the roles of the 4-gene
signature in reducing TMZ efficacy. Taken together, these findings propose the
4-gene signature as a novel panel of efficacy predictors of TMZ therapy, as well
as potential downstream mechanisms, including homologous recombination, OR51F2,
and DNA methylation independent of MGMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Zongze He
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Chen
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
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13
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Clinical characteristics and disease-specific prognostic nomogram for primary gliosarcoma: a SEER population-based analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10744. [PMID: 31341246 PMCID: PMC6656887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Because the study population with gliosarcoma (GSM) is limited, the understanding of this disease is insufficient. In this study, the authors aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and independent prognostic factors influencing the prognosis of GSM patients and to develop a nomogram to predict the prognosis of GSM patients after craniotomy. A total of 498 patients diagnosed with primary GSM between 2004 and 2015 were extracted from the 18 Registries Research Data of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The median disease-specific survival (DSS) was 12.0 months, and the postoperative 0.5-, 1-, and 3-year DSS rates were 71.4%, 46.4% and 9.8%, respectively. We applied both the Cox proportional hazards model and the decision tree model to determine the prognostic factors of primary GSM. The Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated that age at presentation, tumour size, metastasis state and adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) were independent prognostic factors for DSS. The decision tree model suggested that age <71 years and adjuvant CT were associated with a better prognosis for GSM patients. The nomogram generated via the Cox proportional hazards model was developed by applying the rms package in R version 3.5.0. The C-index of internal validation for DSS prediction was 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63 to 0.70). The calibration curve at one year suggested that there was good consistency between the predicted DSS and the actual DSS probability. This study was the first to develop a disease-specific nomogram for predicting the prognosis of primary GSM patients after craniotomy, which can help clinicians immediately and accurately predict patient prognosis and conduct further treatment.
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14
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Darlix A, Mandonnet E, Freyschlag CF, Pinggera D, Forster MT, Voss M, Steinbach J, Loughrey C, Goodden J, Banna G, Di Blasi C, Foroglou N, Hottinger AF, Baron MH, Pallud J, Duffau H, Rutten GJ, Almairac F, Fontaine D, Taillandier L, Pessanha Viegas C, Albuquerque L, von Campe G, Urbanic-Purkart T, Blonski M. Chemotherapy and diffuse low-grade gliomas: a survey within the European Low-Grade Glioma Network. Neurooncol Pract 2019; 6:264-273. [PMID: 31386080 PMCID: PMC6660823 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGGs) are rare and incurable tumors. Whereas maximal safe, functional-based surgical resection is the first-line treatment, the timing and choice of further treatments (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or combined treatments) remain controversial. METHODS An online survey on the management of DLGG patients was sent to 28 expert centers from the European Low-Grade Glioma Network (ELGGN) in May 2015. It contained 40 specific questions addressing the modalities of use of chemotherapy in these patients. RESULTS The survey demonstrated a significant heterogeneity in practice regarding the initial management of DLGG patients and the use of chemotherapy. Interestingly, radiation therapy combined with the procarbazine, CCNU (lomustine), and vincristine regimen has not imposed itself as the gold-standard treatment after surgery, despite the results of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9802 study. Temozolomide is largely used as first-line treatment after surgical resection for high-risk DLGG patients, or at progression. CONCLUSIONS The heterogeneity in the management of patients with DLGG demonstrates that many questions regarding the postoperative strategy and the use of chemotherapy remain unanswered. Our survey reveals a high recruitment potential within the ELGGN for retrospective or prospective studies to generate new data regarding these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Darlix
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Daniel Pinggera
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Martin Voss
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joachim Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - John Goodden
- Leeds General Infirmary and North East Paediatric Neuroscience Network, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Banna
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gammaknife, Cannizzaro General Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Blasi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gammaknife, Cannizzaro General Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolas Foroglou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Neurosurgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Greece
| | - Andreas F Hottinger
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Lausanne University, Switzerland
| | | | - Johan Pallud
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France, and Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Inserm, U894, IMA-Brain, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Geert-Jan Rutten
- Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Fabien Almairac
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Nice, France
| | - Denys Fontaine
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Nice, France
| | - Luc Taillandier
- Department of Neurooncology, Nancy Neurological Hospital, France
| | | | | | - Gord von Campe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Marie Blonski
- Department of Neurooncology, Nancy Neurological Hospital, France
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15
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Lin D, Deng X, Zheng D, Gu C, Yu L, Xu S, Li D, Fang J, Yin B, Sheng H, Lin J, Zhang X, Zhang N. The effects of tumor size and postoperative radiotherapy for patients with adult low-grade (WHO grade II) infiltrative supratentorial astrocytoma/oligodendroglioma: A population-based and propensity score matched study. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5973-5987. [PMID: 30378290 PMCID: PMC6308075 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The update of 2018 NCCN guidelines (central nervous system cancers) recommended the risk classification of postoperative patients diagnosed as adult low‐grade (WHO grade II) infiltrative supratentorial astrocytoma/oligodendroglioma (ALISA/O) should take tumor size into consideration. Moreover, the guidelines removed postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for low risk patients. Our study aimed to explore the specific tumor size to divide postoperative patients into relatively low‐ or high risk subgroups and the effect of PORT for ALISA/O patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective study choosing 1277 postoperative ALISA/O patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The X‐tile analysis provided the optimal cutoff point based on tumor size. The differences between surgery alone and surgery +RT groups were balanced by propensity score‐matched analysis. The multivariable analysis and the nomogram evaluated multiple prognostic factors based on cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Results X‐tile plots defined 59 mm (P < 0.001) as the optimal cutoff tumor size value in terms of CSS, which was verified in multivariate analysis (P < 0.001). The Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that the surgery alone had higher CSS and OS than surgery +RT, while the low risk group had no statistical significance after propensity score match. Multivariable analysis showed that surgery +RT was independently associated with diminished OS and CSS for high risk group, which had no statistical significance for low‐risk group. Conclusions Our study suggested that tumor size of 59 mm was an optimal cutoff point to divide postoperative patients into relatively low‐ or high risk subgroups. PORT may not benefit patients, while the effects of PORT for low risk patients need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Dong Lin
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xiang‐Yang Deng
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Dong‐Dong Zheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Cheng‐Hui Gu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Li‐Sheng Yu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Shang‐Yu Xu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Dan‐Dong Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jun‐Hao Fang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Bo Yin
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Han‐Song Sheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Lei Zhang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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16
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Duffau H. Paradoxes of evidence-based medicine in lower-grade glioma: To treat the tumor or the patient? Neurology 2018; 91:657-662. [PMID: 30158156 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain lower-grade gliomas (LGG) usually occur in young adults who enjoy an active life. This tumor has a high risk of malignant transformation resulting in neurologic deterioration and finally death. Early and multistage therapeutic management can increase survival over 10 years. Preservation of functional neural networks and quality of life is crucial. In the era of evidence-based medicine, the issues discussed are those associated with the design, analysis, and clinical application of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for LGG. RCTs should take account of the following: considerable variability in the natural course of LGG; limited prognostic value of molecular biology at the individual level; large variability of brain organization across patients; technical and conceptual progress of therapies over years; combination or repetition of iterative treatments, taken as a whole and not only in isolation; and long-term consequences on oncologic and functional outcomes. As it is difficult to translate the results of an RCT into benefits for a unique patient with LGG, personalized decisions must be made by considering the tumor behavior, individual pattern of neuroplasticity, and patient needs, and not by administrating a standardized protocol exclusively based on an RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Duffau
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Montpellier University Medical Center; and Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM U-1051, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France.
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17
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Rudà R, Bruno F, Soffietti R. What Have We Learned from Recent Clinical Studies in Low-Grade Gliomas? Curr Treat Options Neurol 2018; 20:33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11940-018-0516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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