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Ma M, Huang M, He Y, Fang J, Li J, Li X, Liu M, Zhou M, Cui G, Fan Q. Network Medicine: A Potential Approach for Virtual Drug Screening. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:899. [PMID: 39065749 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional drug screening methods typically focus on a single protein target and exhibit limited efficiency due to the multifactorial nature of most diseases, which result from disturbances within complex networks of protein-protein interactions rather than single gene abnormalities. Addressing this limitation requires a comprehensive drug screening strategy. Network medicine is rooted in systems biology and provides a comprehensive framework for understanding disease mechanisms, prevention, and therapeutic innovations. This approach not only explores the associations between various diseases but also quantifies the relationships between disease genes and drug targets within interactome networks, thus facilitating the prediction of drug-disease relationships and enabling the screening of therapeutic drugs for specific complex diseases. An increasing body of research supports the efficiency and utility of network-based strategies in drug screening. This review highlights the transformative potential of network medicine in virtual therapeutic screening for complex diseases, offering novel insights and a robust foundation for future drug discovery endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Ma
- School of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Mei Huang
- School of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yinting He
- School of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 570000, China
| | - Jiachao Li
- School of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- School of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Mengchen Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- School of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Guozhen Cui
- School of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Basic Medical Science Department, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China
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2
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Luo Y, Mao C, Sanchez‐Pinto LN, Ahmad FS, Naidech A, Rasmussen L, Pacheco JA, Schneider D, Mithal LB, Dresden S, Holmes K, Carson M, Shah SJ, Khan S, Clare S, Wunderink RG, Liu H, Walunas T, Cooper L, Yue F, Wehbe F, Fang D, Liebovitz DM, Markl M, Michelson KN, McColley SA, Green M, Starren J, Ackermann RT, D'Aquila RT, Adams J, Lloyd‐Jones D, Chisholm RL, Kho A. Northwestern University resource and education development initiatives to advance collaborative artificial intelligence across the learning health system. Learn Health Syst 2024; 8:e10417. [PMID: 39036530 PMCID: PMC11257059 DOI: 10.1002/lrh2.10417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has exposed the unmet need for growing a multidisciplinary workforce that can collaborate effectively in the learning health systems. Maximizing the synergy among multiple teams is critical for Collaborative AI in Healthcare. Methods We have developed a series of data, tools, and educational resources for cultivating the next generation of multidisciplinary workforce for Collaborative AI in Healthcare. We built bulk-natural language processing pipelines to extract structured information from clinical notes and stored them in common data models. We developed multimodal AI/machine learning (ML) tools and tutorials to enrich the toolbox of the multidisciplinary workforce to analyze multimodal healthcare data. We have created a fertile ground to cross-pollinate clinicians and AI scientists and train the next generation of AI health workforce to collaborate effectively. Results Our work has democratized access to unstructured health information, AI/ML tools and resources for healthcare, and collaborative education resources. From 2017 to 2022, this has enabled studies in multiple clinical specialties resulting in 68 peer-reviewed publications. In 2022, our cross-discipline efforts converged and institutionalized into the Center for Collaborative AI in Healthcare. Conclusions Our Collaborative AI in Healthcare initiatives has created valuable educational and practical resources. They have enabled more clinicians, scientists, and hospital administrators to successfully apply AI methods in their daily research and practice, develop closer collaborations, and advanced the institution-level learning health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Chengsheng Mao
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Lazaro N. Sanchez‐Pinto
- Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Critical Care, Department of PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Stanley Manne Children's Research InstituteAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Faraz S. Ahmad
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Andrew Naidech
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Luke Rasmussen
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jennifer A. Pacheco
- Center for Genetic MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Daniel Schneider
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Leena B. Mithal
- Stanley Manne Children's Research InstituteAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Scott Dresden
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Emergency MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Kristi Holmes
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Galter Health Sciences LibraryNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Matthew Carson
- Galter Health Sciences LibraryNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Sanjiv J. Shah
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Seema Khan
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of SurgeryNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Susan Clare
- Department of SurgeryNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Richard G. Wunderink
- Division of Critical Care, Department of PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Huiping Liu
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of PharmacologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Theresa Walunas
- Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Center for Health Information PartnershipsInstitute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Microbiology‐ImmunologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Lee Cooper
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of PathologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Feng Yue
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of PathologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Firas Wehbe
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of SurgeryNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of PathologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - David M. Liebovitz
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Center for Health Information PartnershipsInstitute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Michael Markl
- Department of RadiologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Kelly N. Michelson
- Division of Critical Care, Department of PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Stanley Manne Children's Research InstituteAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Center for Bioethics and Medical Humanities, Institute for Public Health and MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Susanna A. McColley
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Stanley Manne Children's Research InstituteAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Marianne Green
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Justin Starren
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Ronald T. Ackermann
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Public Health and MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Richard T. D'Aquila
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - James Adams
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Emergency MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Donald Lloyd‐Jones
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Rex L. Chisholm
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of SurgeryNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Center for Health Information PartnershipsInstitute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Abel Kho
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Center for Health Information PartnershipsInstitute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Sarkar A, Fanous KI, Marei I, Ding H, Ladjimi M, MacDonald R, Hollenberg MD, Anderson TJ, Hill MA, Triggle CR. Repurposing Metformin for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: Current Insights. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2024; 20:255-288. [PMID: 38919471 PMCID: PMC11198029 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s391808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin is an orally effective anti-hyperglycemic drug that despite being introduced over 60 years ago is still utilized by an estimated 120 to 150 million people worldwide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Metformin is used off-label for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and for pre-diabetes and weight loss. Metformin is a safe, inexpensive drug with side effects mostly limited to gastrointestinal issues. Prospective clinical data from the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), completed in 1998, demonstrated that metformin not only has excellent therapeutic efficacy as an anti-diabetes drug but also that good glycemic control reduced the risk of micro- and macro-vascular complications, especially in obese patients and thereby reduced the risk of diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on a long history of clinical use and an excellent safety record metformin has been investigated to be repurposed for numerous other diseases including as an anti-aging agent, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, cancer, COVID-19 and also atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is the most frequently diagnosed cardiac arrythmia and its prevalence is increasing globally as the population ages. The argument for repurposing metformin for AF is based on a combination of retrospective clinical data and in vivo and in vitro pre-clinical laboratory studies. In this review, we critically evaluate the evidence that metformin has cardioprotective actions and assess whether the clinical and pre-clinical evidence support the use of metformin to reduce the risk and treat AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Sarkar
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kareem Imad Fanous
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Isra Marei
- Department of Pharmacology & Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine- Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Pharmacology & Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine- Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Moncef Ladjimi
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ross MacDonald
- Health Sciences Library, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Todd J Anderson
- Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center & Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Chris R Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology & Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine- Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Bode D, Pronto JRD, Schiattarella GG, Voigt N. Metabolic remodelling in atrial fibrillation: manifestations, mechanisms and clinical implications. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01038-6. [PMID: 38816507 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a continually growing health-care burden that often presents together with metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus and obesity. Current treatments often fall short of preventing AF and its adverse outcomes. Accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic disturbances can promote the development of AF through structural and electrophysiological remodelling, but the underlying mechanisms that predispose an individual to AF are aetiology-dependent, thus emphasizing the need for tailored therapeutic strategies to treat AF that target an individual's metabolic profile. AF itself can induce changes in glucose, lipid and ketone metabolism, mitochondrial function and myofibrillar energetics (as part of a process referred to as 'metabolic remodelling'), which can all contribute to atrial dysfunction. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of AF in the setting of metabolic disorders, as well as changes in atrial metabolism that are relevant to the development of AF. We also describe the potential of available and emerging treatment strategies to target metabolic remodelling in the setting of AF and highlight key questions and challenges that need to be addressed to improve outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bode
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julius Ryan D Pronto
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Niels Voigt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Savva K, Zachariou M, Bourdakou MM, Dietis N, Spyrou GM. D Re Amocracy: A Method to Capitalise on Prior Drug Discovery Efforts to Highlight Candidate Drugs for Repurposing. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5319. [PMID: 38791356 PMCID: PMC11121186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the area of drug research, several computational drug repurposing studies have highlighted candidate repurposed drugs, as well as clinical trial studies that have tested/are testing drugs in different phases. To the best of our knowledge, the aggregation of the proposed lists of drugs by previous studies has not been extensively exploited towards generating a dynamic reference matrix with enhanced resolution. To fill this knowledge gap, we performed weight-modulated majority voting of the modes of action, initial indications and targeted pathways of the drugs in a well-known repository, namely the Drug Repurposing Hub. Our method, DReAmocracy, exploits this pile of information and creates frequency tables and, finally, a disease suitability score for each drug from the selected library. As a testbed, we applied this method to a group of neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease and Multiple Sclerosis). A super-reference table with drug suitability scores has been created for all four neurodegenerative diseases and can be queried for any drug candidate against them. Top-scored drugs for Alzheimer's Disease include agomelatine, mirtazapine and vortioxetine; for Parkinson's Disease, they include apomorphine, pramipexole and lisuride; for Huntington's, they include chlorpromazine, fluphenazine and perphenazine; and for Multiple Sclerosis, they include zonisamide, disopyramide and priralfimide. Overall, DReAmocracy is a methodology that focuses on leveraging the existing drug-related experimental and/or computational knowledge rather than a predictive model for drug repurposing, offering a quantified aggregation of existing drug discovery results to (1) reveal trends in selected tracks of drug discovery research with increased resolution that includes modes of action, targeted pathways and initial indications for the investigated drugs and (2) score new candidate drugs for repurposing against a selected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Savva
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2370, Cyprus; (K.S.); (M.Z.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Margarita Zachariou
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2370, Cyprus; (K.S.); (M.Z.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Marilena M. Bourdakou
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2370, Cyprus; (K.S.); (M.Z.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Nikolas Dietis
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2115, Cyprus;
| | - George M. Spyrou
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2370, Cyprus; (K.S.); (M.Z.); (M.M.B.)
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6
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Odongo R, Demiroglu-Zergeroglu A, Çakır T. A network-based drug prioritization and combination analysis for the MEK5/ERK5 pathway in breast cancer. BioData Min 2024; 17:5. [PMID: 38378612 PMCID: PMC10880212 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-024-00357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prioritizing candidate drugs based on genome-wide expression data is an emerging approach in systems pharmacology due to its holistic perspective for preclinical drug evaluation. In the current study, a network-based approach was proposed and applied to prioritize plant polyphenols and identify potential drug combinations in breast cancer. We focused on MEK5/ERK5 signalling pathway genes, a recently identified potential drug target in cancer with roles spanning major carcinogenesis processes. RESULTS By constructing and identifying perturbed protein-protein interaction networks for luminal A breast cancer, plant polyphenols and drugs from transcriptome data, we first demonstrated their systemic effects on the MEK5/ERK5 signalling pathway. Subsequently, we applied a pathway-specific network pharmacology pipeline to prioritize plant polyphenols and potential drug combinations for use in breast cancer. Our analysis prioritized genistein among plant polyphenols. Drug combination simulations predicted several FDA-approved drugs in breast cancer with well-established pharmacology as candidates for target network synergistic combination with genistein. This study also highlights the concept of target network enhancer drugs, with drugs previously not well characterised in breast cancer being prioritized for use in the MEK5/ERK5 pathway in breast cancer. CONCLUSION This study proposes a computational framework for drug prioritization and combination with the MEK5/ERK5 signaling pathway in breast cancer. The method is flexible and provides the scientific community with a robust method that can be applied to other complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan Odongo
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey.
| | - Asuman Demiroglu-Zergeroglu
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - Tunahan Çakır
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
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Wei ZX, Cai XX, Fei YD, Wang Q, Hu XL, Li C, Hou JW, Yang YL, Chen TZ, Xu XL, Wang YP, Li YG. Zbtb16 increases susceptibility of atrial fibrillation in type 2 diabetic mice via Txnip-Trx2 signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:88. [PMID: 38349408 PMCID: PMC10864461 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained cardiac arrhythmia, and recent epidemiological studies suggested type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an independent risk factor for the development of AF. Zinc finger and BTB (broad-complex, tram-track and bric-a-brac) domain containing 16 (Zbtb16) serve as transcriptional factors to regulate many biological processes. However, the potential effects of Zbtb16 in AF under T2DM condition remain unclear. Here, we reported that db/db mice displayed higher AF vulnerability and Zbtb16 was identified as the most significantly enriched gene by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis in atrium. In addition, thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip) was distinguished as the key downstream gene of Zbtb16 by Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) assay. Mechanistically, increased Txnip combined with thioredoxin 2 (Trx2) in mitochondrion induced excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) overactivation, and spontaneous Ca2+ waves (SCWs) occurrence, which could be inhibited through atrial-specific knockdown (KD) of Zbtb16 or Txnip by adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) or Mito-TEMPO treatment. High glucose (HG)-treated HL-1 cells were used to mimic the setting of diabetic in vitro. Zbtb16-Txnip-Trx2 signaling-induced excess ROS release and CaMKII activation were also verified in HL-1 cells under HG condition. Furthermore, atrial-specific Zbtb16 or Txnip-KD reduced incidence and duration of AF in db/db mice. Altogether, we demonstrated that interrupting Zbtb16-Txnip-Trx2 signaling in atrium could decrease AF susceptibility via reducing ROS release and CaMKII activation in the setting of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xing Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xing-Xing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu-Dong Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jian-Wen Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Li Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tai-Zhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yue-Peng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yi-Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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8
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Wang YH, Chen X, Bai YZ, Gao P, Yang Z, Guo Q, Lu YY, Zheng J, Liu D, Yang J, Tu PF, Zeng KW. Palmitoylation of PKCδ by ZDHHC5 in hypothalamic microglia presents as a therapeutic target for fatty liver disease. Theranostics 2024; 14:988-1009. [PMID: 38250049 PMCID: PMC10797291 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus plays a fundamental role in controlling lipid metabolism through neuroendocrine signals. However, there are currently no available drug targets in the hypothalamus that can effectively improve human lipid metabolism. In this study, we found that the antimalarial drug artemether (ART) significantly improved lipid metabolism by specifically inhibiting microglial activation in the hypothalamus of high-fat diet-induced mice. Mechanically, ART protects the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons surrounding microglial cells from inflammatory damage and promotes the release of TRH into the peripheral circulation. As a result, TRH stimulates the synthesis of thyroid hormone (TH), leading to a significant improvement in hepatic lipid disorders. Subsequently, we employed a biotin-labeled ART chemical probe to identify the direct cellular target in microglial cells as protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ). Importantly, ART directly targeted PKCδ to inhibit its palmitoylation modification by blocking the binding of zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 5 (ZDHHC5), which resulted in the inhibition of downstream neuroinflammation signaling. In vivo, hypothalamic microglia-specific PKCδ knockdown markedly impaired ART-dependent neuroendocrine regulation and lipid metabolism improvement in mice. Furthermore, single-cell transcriptomics analysis in human brain tissues revealed that the level of PKCδ in microglia positively correlated with individuals who had hyperlipemia, thereby highlighting a clinical translational value. Collectively, these data suggest that the palmitoylation of microglial PKCδ in the hypothalamus plays a role in modulating peripheral lipid metabolism through hypothalamus-liver communication, and provides a promising therapeutic target for fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Proteomics Laboratory, Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ke-Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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9
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Song E. Effects of hydroxychloroquine on atrial electrophysiology in in silico wild-type and PITX2 +/- atrial cardiomyocytes. Herz 2023; 48:384-392. [PMID: 36732468 PMCID: PMC9894744 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-023-05162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is commonly used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and increases the risk of QT interval prolongation. However, it is unclear how HCQ affects atrial electrophysiology and the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS We quantitatively examined the potential atrial arrhythmogenic effects of HCQ on AF using a computational model of human atrial cardiomyocytes. We measured atrial electrophysiological markers after systematically varying HCQ concentrations. RESULTS The HCQ concentrations were positively correlated with the action potential duration (APD), resting membrane potential, refractory period, APD alternans threshold, and calcium transient alternans threshold (p < 0.05). By contrast, HCQ concentrations were inversely correlated with the maximum upstroke velocity and calcium transient amplitude (p < 0.05). When the therapeutic concentration (Cmax) of HCQ was applied, HCQ increased APD90 by 1.4% in normal sinus rhythm, 1.8% in wild-type AF, and 2.6% in paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2)+/- AF, but did not affect the alternans thresholds. The overall in silico results suggest no significant atrial arrhythmogenic effects of HCQ at Cmax, instead implying a potential antiarrhythmic role of low-dose HCQ in AF. However, at an HCQ concentration of fourfold Cmax, a rapid pacing rate of 4 Hz induced prominent APD alternans, particularly in the PITX2+/- AF model. CONCLUSION Our in silico analysis suggests a potential antiarrhythmic role of low-dose HCQ in AF. Concomitant PITX2 mutations and high-dose HCQ treatments may increase the risk of AF, and this potential genotype/dose-dependent arrhythmogenic effect of HCQ should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euijun Song
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Saljic A, Heijman J, Dobrev D. Recent Advances in Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy. Drugs 2023; 83:1147-1160. [PMID: 37540446 PMCID: PMC10462572 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias remain a common cause of death and disability. Antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) and antiarrhythmic agents remain a cornerstone of current cardiac arrhythmia management, despite moderate efficacy and the potential for significant adverse proarrhythmic effects. Due to conceptual, regulatory and financial considerations, the number of novel antiarrhythmic targets and agents in the development pipeline has decreased substantially during the last few decades. However, several promising candidates remain and there are exciting developments in repurposing and reformulating already existing drugs for indications related to cardiac arrhythmias. This review discusses the key conceptual considerations for the development of new antiarrhythmic agents, summarizes new compounds and formulations currently in clinical development for rhythm control of atrial fibrillation, and highlights the potential for drug repurposing. Finally, future directions in AAD development are discussed. Together with an ever-increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac arrhythmias, these components support a cautiously optimistic outlook towards improved pharmacological treatment opportunities for patients suffering from cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnela Saljic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Montréal Heart Institute and University de Montréal, Medicine and Research Center, Montréal, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
- , Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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11
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Martins ILF, Almeida FVDS, Souza KPD, Brito FCFD, Rodrigues GD, Scaramello CBV. Reviewing Atrial Fibrillation Pathophysiology from a Network Medicine Perspective: The Relevance of Structural Remodeling, Inflammation, and the Immune System. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1364. [PMID: 37374146 DOI: 10.3390/life13061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of sustained arrhythmia. The numerous gaps concerning the knowledge of its mechanism make improving clinical management difficult. As omics technologies allow more comprehensive insight into biology and disease at a molecular level, bioinformatics encompasses valuable tools for studying systems biology, as well as combining and modeling multi-omics data and networks. Network medicine is a subarea of network biology where disease traits are considered perturbations within the interactome. With this approach, potential disease drivers can be revealed, and the effect of drugs, novel or repurposed, used alone or in combination, may be studied. Thus, this work aims to review AF pathology from a network medicine perspective, helping researchers to comprehend the disease more deeply. Essential concepts involved in network medicine are highlighted, and specific research applying network medicine to study AF is discussed. Additionally, data integration through literature mining and bioinformatics tools, with network building, is exemplified. Together, all of the data show the substantial role of structural remodeling, the immune system, and inflammation in this disease etiology. Despite this, there are still gaps to be filled about AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivis Levy Fernandes Martins
- Research Nucleus on Plasticity, Epidemiology and In-Silico Studies (NUPPEESI), Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávia Valéria Dos Santos Almeida
- Research Nucleus on Plasticity, Epidemiology and In-Silico Studies (NUPPEESI), Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karyne Pollo de Souza
- Research Nucleus on Plasticity, Epidemiology and In-Silico Studies (NUPPEESI), Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Dias Rodrigues
- Experimental and Applied Physiology Lab (LAFEA), Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20126 Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Christianne Bretas Vieira Scaramello
- Research Nucleus on Plasticity, Epidemiology and In-Silico Studies (NUPPEESI), Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Experimental Pharmacology Lab (LAFE), Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Dihoum A, Rena G, Pearson ER, Lang CC, Mordi IR. Metformin: evidence from preclinical and clinical studies for potential novel applications in cardiovascular disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:291-299. [PMID: 36972373 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2196010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For a long time, metformin has been the first-line treatment for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes, however, the results of recent cardiovascular outcome trials of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists have caused many to question metformin's position in the guidelines. Although there are several plausible mechanisms by which metformin might have beneficial cardiovascular effects, for example its anti-inflammatory effects and metabolic properties, and numerous observational data suggesting improved cardiovascular outcomes with metformin use, the main randomised clinical trial data for metformin was published over 20 years ago. Nevertheless, the overwhelming majority of participants in contemporary type 2 diabetes trials were prescribed metformin. AREAS COVERED In this review we will summarise the potential mechanisms of cardiovascular benefit with metformin, before discussing clinical data in individuals with or without diabetes. EXPERT OPINION Metformin may have some cardiovascular benefit in patients with and without diabetes, however the majority of clinical trials were small and are before the use SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1-RAs. Larger contemporary randomised trials with metformin evaluating its cardiovascular benefit are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Dihoum
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Rena
- Division of Cellular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Chim C Lang
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ify R Mordi
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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13
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Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Microbial Translocation in Patients with First-Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010176. [PMID: 36672684 PMCID: PMC9856173 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the leaky gut concept, microbial products (e.g., lipopolysaccharide, LPS) enter the circulation and mediate pro-inflammatory immunological responses. Higher plasma LPS levels have been reported in patients with various cardiovascular diseases, but not specifically during early atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS We studied data and blood samples from patients presenting with first-diagnosed AF (FDAF) (n = 80) and 20 controls. RESULTS Circulating biomarkers that are suggestive of mucosal inflammation (zonulin, mucosal adhesion molecule MAdCAM-1) and intestinal epithelium damage (intestinal fatty acid binding protein, IFABP) were increased in the plasma of patients with FDAF when compared to patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases but without AF. Surrogate plasma markers of increased intestinal permeability (LPS, CD14, LPS-binding protein, gut-derived LPS-neutralising IgA antibodies, EndoCAbs) were detected during early AF. A reduced ratio of IgG/IgM EndoCAbs titres indicated chronic endotoxaemia. Collagen turnover biomarkers, which corresponded to the LPS values, suggested an association of gut-derived low-grade endotoxaemia with adverse structural remodelling. The LPS concentrations were higher in FDAF patients who experienced a major adverse cardiovascular event. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal barrier dysfunction and microbial translocation accompany FDAF. Improving gut permeability and low-grade endotoxaemia might be a potential therapeutic approach to reducing the disease progression and cardiovascular complications in FDAF.
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14
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Pan Z, Liang P. Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Differentiation of Cardiomyocyte Subtypes for Drug Discovery and Cell Therapy. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 281:209-233. [PMID: 37421443 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Drug attrition rates have increased over the past few years, accompanied with growing costs for the pharmaceutical industry and consumers. Lack of in vitro models connecting the results of toxicity screening assays with clinical outcomes accounts for this high attrition rate. The emergence of cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells provides an amenable source of cells for disease modeling, drug discovery, and cardiotoxicity screening. Functionally similar to to embryonic stem cells, but with fewer ethical concerns, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can recapitulate patient-specific genetic backgrounds, which would be a huge revolution for personalized medicine. The generated iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) represent different subtypes including ventricular-, atrial-, and nodal-like cardiomyocytes. Purifying these subtypes for chamber-specific drug screening presents opportunities and challenges. In this chapter, we discuss the strategies for the purification of iPSC-CMs, the use of iPSC-CMs for drug discovery and cardiotoxicity test, and the current limitations of iPSC-CMs that should be overcome for wider and more precise cardiovascular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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15
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Vinciguerra M, Olier I, Ortega-Martorell S, Lip GYH. New use for an old drug: Metformin and atrial fibrillation. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100875. [PMID: 36543101 PMCID: PMC9798075 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lal and colleagues1 reported an integrative approach-combining transcriptomics, iPSCs, and epidemiological evidence-to identify and repurpose metformin, a main first-line medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, as an effective risk reducer for atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlio Vinciguerra
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science (LCCS) at University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ivan Olier
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science (LCCS) at University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sandra Ortega-Martorell
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science (LCCS) at University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science (LCCS) at University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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