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Shelton WJ, Santos Horta E, Stephen Nix J, Gokden M, Rodriguez A. Functional precision medicine assay for recurrent meningioma: a proof of principle. Illustrative case. JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY. CASE LESSONS 2024; 8:CASE24242. [PMID: 39074389 DOI: 10.3171/case24242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningiomas are the most prevalent primary central nervous system tumors. Although low-grade meningiomas are considered benign tumors, a subset of these can behave aggressively, showing progression and recurrence. In such cases, functional assays could influence treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes. OBSERVATIONS A 78-year-old female presented with a long-standing history of a supratentorial meningioma that was initially resected and treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Surveillance revealed progression. She began systemic therapy with everolimus and octreotide but was lost to follow-up and did not continue the treatment. She returned because of a rapid decline in her neurological status. Biopsy with advanced molecular characterization by next-generation sequencing revealed NF2 and CREBBP mutations, and a commercial functional assay was done. This assay successfully isolated cancer stem cells (CSCs) from biopsy cores and identified potential drugs based on cellular sensitivity profiles. This is the first reported case in which a commercial functional drug screen was used for a meningioma. LESSONS In cases in which meningiomas exhibit specific genetic alterations and characteristics of aggressiveness, functional assays can be a useful tool for isolating CSCs. The authors report success in obtaining drug-screen profiling for a World Health Organization grade 1 meningioma. Multimodal approaches utilizing multi-omics analyses with functional assays can improve patient outcomes. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24242.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Shelton
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Erika Santos Horta
- Departments of Medical Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - James Stephen Nix
- Departments of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Murat Gokden
- Departments of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Analiz Rodriguez
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Giambra M, Di Cristofori A, Raimondo F, Rigolio R, Conconi D, Chiarello G, Tabano SM, Antolini L, Nicolini G, Bua M, Ferlito D, Carrabba G, Giussani CG, Lavitrano M, Bentivegna A. Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPase May Take Part in the Drug Resistance Phenotype of Glioma Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2743. [PMID: 38473989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) is a transmembrane multi-protein complex fundamental in maintaining a normal intracellular pH. In the tumoral contest, its role is crucial since the metabolism underlying carcinogenesis is mainly based on anaerobic glycolytic reactions. Moreover, neoplastic cells use the V-ATPase to extrude chemotherapy drugs into the extra-cellular compartment as a drug resistance mechanism. In glioblastoma (GBM), the most malignant and incurable primary brain tumor, the expression of this pump is upregulated, making it a new possible therapeutic target. In this work, the bafilomycin A1-induced inhibition of V-ATPase in patient-derived glioma stem cell (GSC) lines was evaluated together with temozolomide, the first-line therapy against GBM. In contrast with previous published data, the proposed treatment did not overcome resistance to the standard therapy. In addition, our data showed that nanomolar dosages of bafilomycin A1 led to the blockage of the autophagy process and cellular necrosis, making the drug unusable in models which are more complex. Nevertheless, the increased expression of V-ATPase following bafilomycin A1 suggests a critical role of the proton pump in GBM stem components, encouraging the search for novel strategies to limit its activity in order to circumvent resistance to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Giambra
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Cristofori
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Raimondo
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Roberta Rigolio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Donatella Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Gaia Chiarello
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Tabano
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, IRCCS Ca' Granda, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Antolini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriella Nicolini
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Miriam Bua
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Davide Ferlito
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carrabba
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Giorgio Giussani
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- GBM-BI-TRACE (GlioBlastoMa-BIcocca-TRAnslational-CEnter), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Obrador E, Moreno-Murciano P, Oriol-Caballo M, López-Blanch R, Pineda B, Gutiérrez-Arroyo JL, Loras A, Gonzalez-Bonet LG, Martinez-Cadenas C, Estrela JM, Marqués-Torrejón MÁ. Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2529. [PMID: 38473776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer. Although great efforts have been made by clinicians and researchers, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved since the Stupp protocol became the standard of care (SOC) in 2005. Despite multimodality treatments, recurrence is almost universal with survival rates under 2 years after diagnosis. Here, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of GB pathophysiology, in particular, the importance of glioma stem cells (GSCs), the tumor microenvironment conditions, and epigenetic mechanisms involved in GB growth, aggressiveness and recurrence. The discussion on therapeutic strategies first covers the SOC treatment and targeted therapies that have been shown to interfere with different signaling pathways (pRB/CDK4/RB1/P16ink4, TP53/MDM2/P14arf, PI3k/Akt-PTEN, RAS/RAF/MEK, PARP) involved in GB tumorigenesis, pathophysiology, and treatment resistance acquisition. Below, we analyze several immunotherapeutic approaches (i.e., checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, CAR-modified NK or T cells, oncolytic virotherapy) that have been used in an attempt to enhance the immune response against GB, and thereby avoid recidivism or increase survival of GB patients. Finally, we present treatment attempts made using nanotherapies (nanometric structures having active anti-GB agents such as antibodies, chemotherapeutic/anti-angiogenic drugs or sensitizers, radionuclides, and molecules that target GB cellular receptors or open the blood-brain barrier) and non-ionizing energies (laser interstitial thermal therapy, high/low intensity focused ultrasounds, photodynamic/sonodynamic therapies and electroporation). The aim of this review is to discuss the advances and limitations of the current therapies and to present novel approaches that are under development or following clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Oriol-Caballo
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Blanch
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Pineda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alba Loras
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Luis G Gonzalez-Bonet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Castellon General University Hospital, 12004 Castellon, Spain
| | | | - José M Estrela
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Habeeb M, Vengateswaran HT, You HW, Saddhono K, Aher KB, Bhavar GB. Nanomedicine facilitated cell signaling blockade: difficulties and strategies to overcome glioblastoma. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1677-1705. [PMID: 38288615 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02485g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and lethal type of brain tumor with complex and diverse molecular signaling pathways involved that are in its development and progression. Despite numerous attempts to develop effective treatments, the survival rate remains low. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of these pathways can aid in the development of targeted therapies for the treatment of glioblastoma. Nanomedicines have shown potential in targeting and blocking signaling pathways involved in glioblastoma. Nanomedicines can be engineered to specifically target tumor sites, bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and release drugs over an extended period. However, current nanomedicine strategies also face limitations, including poor stability, toxicity, and low therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, novel and advanced nanomedicine-based strategies must be developed for enhanced drug delivery. In this review, we highlight risk factors and chemotherapeutics for the treatment of glioblastoma. Further, we discuss different nanoformulations fabricated using synthetic and natural materials for treatment and diagnosis to selectively target signaling pathways involved in GBM. Furthermore, we discuss current clinical strategies and the role of artificial intelligence in the field of nanomedicine for targeting GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Habeeb
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600048, India.
| | - Hariharan Thirumalai Vengateswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600048, India.
| | - Huay Woon You
- Pusat PERMATA@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kundharu Saddhono
- Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 57126, Indonesia
| | - Kiran Balasaheb Aher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, 424001, India
| | - Girija Balasaheb Bhavar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, 424001, India
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Mathews AP, Shelton WJ, Horta ES, Reddy Damalcheruvu P, Nix JS, Gokden M, Rodriguez A. Operative planning for a functional precision medicine assay of recurrent high-grade glioma: illustrative case. JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY. CASE LESSONS 2024; 7:CASE23679. [PMID: 38346299 PMCID: PMC10865468 DOI: 10.3171/case23679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional precision medicine (FPM) represents a personalized and efficacious modality for treating malignant neoplasms. However, acquiring sufficient live tissue to perform FPM analyses is complicated by both difficult identification on imaging and radiation necrosis, particularly in cases of recurrence. The authors describe a case of planning biopsy trajectories for an FPM assay in a patient with recurrent high-grade glioma. OBSERVATIONS A 25-year-old male with a history of recurrent high-grade glioma was scheduled for laser ablation and biopsy with ChemoID assaying after regions of potential recurrence were identified on follow-up imaging. Preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy of the regions showed areas of high choline/creatine ratios within lesions of radiation necrosis, which helped in planning the biopsy trajectories to selectively target malignancies for FPM analysis. ChemoID results showed high tumor susceptibility to lomustine, which was implemented as adjuvant therapy. LESSONS FPM therapy in the setting of recurrence is complicated by radiation necrosis, which can present as malignancy on imaging and interfere with tissue acquisition during biopsy or resection. Thus, operative approaches should be carefully planned with the assistance of imaging modalities such as MR spectroscopy to better ensure effective tissue acquisition for accurate FPM analysis and to promote more definitive treatment of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - J. Stephen Nix
- Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Murat Gokden
- Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Dolgin E. The future of precision cancer therapy might be to try everything. Nature 2024; 626:470-473. [PMID: 38356072 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
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7
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Marcu LG, Dell’Oro M, Bezak E. Opportunities in Cancer Therapies: Deciphering the Role of Cancer Stem Cells in Tumour Repopulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17258. [PMID: 38139085 PMCID: PMC10744048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour repopulation during treatment is a well acknowledged yet still challenging aspect of cancer management. The latest research results show clear evidence towards the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are responsible for tumour repopulation, dissemination, and distant metastases in most solid cancers. Cancer stem cell quiescence and the loss of asymmetrical division are two powerful mechanisms behind repopulation. Another important aspect in the context of cancer stem cells is cell plasticity, which was shown to be triggered during fractionated radiotherapy, leading to cell dedifferentiation and thus reactivation of stem-like properties. Repopulation during treatment is not limited to radiotherapy, as there is clinical proof for repopulation mechanisms to be activated through other conventional treatment techniques, such as chemotherapy. The dynamic nature of stem-like cancer cells often elicits resistance to treatment by escaping drug-induced cell death. The aims of this scoping review are (1) to describe the main mechanisms used by cancer stem cells to initiate tumour repopulation during therapy; (2) to present clinical evidence for tumour repopulation during radio- and chemotherapy; (3) to illustrate current trends in the identification of CSCs using specific imaging techniques; and (4) to highlight novel technologies that show potential in the eradication of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana G. Marcu
- UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
- Faculty of Informatics and Science, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Mikaela Dell’Oro
- Australian Centre for Quantitative Imaging, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Eva Bezak
- UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
- Faculty of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Zhou W, Yan K, Xi Q. BMP signaling in cancer stemness and differentiation. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:37. [PMID: 38049682 PMCID: PMC10695912 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The BMP (Bone morphogenetic protein) signaling pathway plays a central role in metazoan biology, intricately shaping embryonic development, maintaining tissue homeostasis, and influencing disease progression. In the context of cancer, BMP signaling exhibits context-dependent dynamics, spanning from tumor suppression to promotion. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a modest subset of neoplastic cells with stem-like attributes, exert substantial influence by steering tumor growth, orchestrating therapy resistance, and contributing to relapse. A comprehensive grasp of the intricate interplay between CSCs and their microenvironment is pivotal for effective therapeutic strategies. Among the web of signaling pathways orchestrating cellular dynamics within CSCs, BMP signaling emerges as a vital conductor, overseeing CSC self-renewal, differentiation dynamics, and the intricate symphony within the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, BMP signaling's influence in cancer extends beyond CSCs, intricately regulating cellular migration, invasion, and metastasis. This multifaceted role underscores the imperative of comprehending BMP signaling's contributions to cancer, serving as the foundation for crafting precise therapies to navigate multifaceted challenges posed not only by CSCs but also by various dimensions of cancer progression. This article succinctly encapsulates the diverse roles of the BMP signaling pathway across different cancers, spanning glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), colorectal cancer, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), lung cancer, prostate cancer, and osteosarcoma. It underscores the necessity of unraveling underlying mechanisms and molecular interactions. By delving into the intricate tapestry of BMP signaling's engagement in cancers, researchers pave the way for meticulously tailored therapies, adroitly leveraging its dualistic aspects-whether as a suppressor or promoter-to effectively counter the relentless march of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kun Yan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiaoran Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Guo L, Li F, Liu H, Kong D, Chen C, Sun S. SIX1 amplification modulates stemness and tumorigenesis in breast cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:866. [PMID: 38031089 PMCID: PMC10685563 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) is a transcription factor that has recently been identified as a crucial regulator of embryonic development and tumorigenesis. SIX1 is upregulated in different types of tumors, including breast cancer. However, the role and mechanism of SIX1 upregulation in breast cancer carcinogenesis remains uncertain. METHODS In this study, we utilized various databases such as UALCAN, TCGA, STRING, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter to investigate the mRNA expression, prognosis, transcriptional profile changes, signal pathway rewiring, and interaction with cancer stem cells of SIX1 in breast cancer. We also conducted both in vitro and in vivo experiments to validate its positive regulation effect on breast cancer stem cells. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that the expression of SIX1 varies among different subtypes of breast cancer and that it upregulates breast cancer grading and lymph node metastasis. Besides, SIX1 participates in the rewiring of several cancer signaling pathways, including estrogen, WNT, MAPK, and other pathways, and interacts with cancer stem cells. SIX1 showed a significant positive correlation with breast cancer stem cell markers such as ALDH1A1, EPCAM, ITGB1, and SOX2. Moreover, our in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that SIX1 can promote the increase in the proportion of stem cells and tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results suggest that SIX1 plays an essential regulatory role in breast cancer's occurrence, and its amplification can be utilized as a diagnostic and prognostic predictor. The interaction between SIX1 and cancer stem cells may play a critical role in regulating breast cancer's initiation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liantao Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Faminzi Li
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Deguang Kong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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Merati A, Kotian S, Acton A, Placzek W, Smithberger E, Shelton AK, Miller CR, Stern JL. Glioma Stem Cells Are Sensitized to BCL-2 Family Inhibition by Compromising Histone Deacetylases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13688. [PMID: 37761989 PMCID: PMC10530722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains an incurable disease with an extremely high five-year recurrence rate. We studied apoptosis in glioma stem cells (GSCs) in response to HDAC inhibition (HDACi) combined with MEK1/2 inhibition (MEKi) or BCL-2 family inhibitors. MEKi effectively combined with HDACi to suppress growth, induce cell cycle defects, and apoptosis, as well as to rescue the expression of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins BIM and BMF. A RNAseq analysis of GSCs revealed that HDACi repressed the pro-survival BCL-2 family genes MCL1 and BCL-XL. We therefore replaced MEKi with BCL-2 family inhibitors and observed enhanced apoptosis. Conversely, a ligand for the cancer stem cell receptor CD44 led to reductions in BMF, BIM, and apoptosis. Our data strongly support further testing of HDACi in combination with MEKi or BCL-2 family inhibitors in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aran Merati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Spandana Kotian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alexus Acton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - William Placzek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Erin Smithberger
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Abigail K. Shelton
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - C. Ryan Miller
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Josh L. Stern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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