1
|
Berasarte I, Bordagaray A, Garcia-Arrona R, Ostra M, Reis de Araujo W, Vidal M. Microscale titration of acetic acid using digital colorimetry and paper-based analytical devices. Talanta 2024; 276:126254. [PMID: 38759362 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
A quantitative method for acid-base titrations in paper-based devices (PADs) is described to analyze acetic acid in vinegar samples. In this work, two different types of PADs were developed: a device for individual spot testing and a microfluidic device. Digital colorimetry was used as the detection method, and the images were acquired using a smartphone and a homemade box with LED lights for controlled image acquisition. Titration curves were built with just eight points, using the R channel based on the gradual color transition from red to blue of litmus, a natural indicator. The endpoint was accurately determined by second derivative calculations. Both systems were applied to fifteen vinegar samples of different types, and good concentration results were obtained in comparison to the reference method. The proposed methodology is simple, fast, environmentally friendly, and surpasses the need for calibration curve construction. Moreover, the subjective endpoint identification is eliminated, and the method was automated to provide a high throughput workflow, suitable for quality control processes and real-time measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irati Berasarte
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain; Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ane Bordagaray
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Rosa Garcia-Arrona
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Miren Ostra
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - William Reis de Araujo
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maider Vidal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Araujo WR, Lukas H, Torres MDT, Gao W, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Low-Cost Biosensor Technologies for Rapid Detection of COVID-19 and Future Pandemics. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1757-1777. [PMID: 38189684 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Many systems have been designed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus that causes COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is readily transmitted, resulting in the rapid spread of disease in human populations. Frequent testing at the point of care (POC) is a key aspect for controlling outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging pathogens, as the early identification of infected individuals can then be followed by appropriate measures of isolation or treatment, maximizing the chances of recovery and preventing infectious spread. Diagnostic tools used for high-frequency testing should be inexpensive, provide a rapid diagnostic response without sophisticated equipment, and be amenable to manufacturing on a large scale. The application of these devices should enable large-scale data collection, help control viral transmission, and prevent disease propagation. Here we review functional nanomaterial-based optical and electrochemical biosensors for accessible POC testing for COVID-19. These biosensors incorporate nanomaterials coupled with paper-based analytical devices and other inexpensive substrates, traditional lateral flow technology (antigen and antibody immunoassays), and innovative biosensing methods. We critically discuss the advantages and disadvantages of nanobiosensor-based approaches compared to widely used technologies such as PCR, ELISA, and LAMP. Moreover, we delineate the main technological, (bio)chemical, translational, and regulatory challenges associated with developing functional and reliable biosensors, which have prevented their translation into the clinic. Finally, we highlight how nanobiosensors, given their unique advantages over existing diagnostic tests, may help in future pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Reis de Araujo
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Heather Lukas
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Marcelo D T Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Lima LF, Barbosa PP, Simeoni CL, de Paula RFDO, Proenca-Modena JL, de Araujo WR. Electrochemical Paper-Based Nanobiosensor for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Monkeypox Virus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58079-58091. [PMID: 38063784 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection was classified as a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2022, being transmitted between humans by large respiratory droplets, in contact with skin lesions, fomites, and sexually. Currently, there are no available accessible and simple-to-use diagnostic tests that accurately detect MPXV antigens for decentralized and frequent testing. Here, we report an electrochemical biosensor to detect MPXV antigens in saliva and plasma samples within 15 min using accessible materials. The electrochemical system was manufactured onto a paper substrate engraved by a CO2 laser machine, modified with gold nanostructures (AuNS) and a monoclonal antibody, enabling sensitive detection of A29 viral protein. The diagnostic test is based on the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and can be run by a miniaturized potentiostat connected to a smartphone. The impedimetric biosensing method presented excellent analytical parameters, enabling the detection of A29 glycoprotein in the concentration ranging from 1 × 10-14 to 1 × 10-7 g mL-1, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.0 × 10-16 g mL-1. Furthermore, it enabled the detection of MPXV antigens in the concentration ranging from 1 × 10-1 to 1 × 104 PFU mL-1, with an LOD of 7.8 × 10-3 PFU mL-1. Importantly, no cross-reactivity was observed when our device was tested in the presence of other poxvirus and nonpoxvirus strains, indicating the adequate selectivity of our nanobiosensor for MPXV detection. Collectively, the nanobiosensor presents high greenness metrics associated with the use of a reproducible and large-scale fabrication method, an accessible and sustainable paper substrate, and a low volume of sample (2.5 μL), which could facilitate frequent testing of MPXV at point-of-care (POC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas F de Lima
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscilla P Barbosa
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila L Simeoni
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosemeire F de O de Paula
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Proenca-Modena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - William R de Araujo
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|