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Chirumbolo S, Pandolfi S, Franzini M, Valdenassi L. Cytokine profiles in COVID-19 patients undergoing adjunct ozone therapy: some comments. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:3363-3365. [PMID: 37831391 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
A comment to: Ghaleh HEG, Izadi M, Javanbakht M, Ghanei M, Einollahi B, Jafari NJ, Alishiri G, Aslani J, Abolghasemi H, Simonetti V, Khafaei M, Zhao S, Saadat SH, Ahmadi M, Parvin S, Vazifedoust S, Alvanagh AG. Cytokine profile and antioxidants status in the moderate and severe COVID-19 patients: a trial of ozone therapy impact as a medicinal supplement. Inflammopharmacology. 2023 Jul 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787 -023-01288-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Sergio Pandolfi
- Italian Society of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy (SIOOT), Bergamo, Italy
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Ogut E, Armagan K. Evaluation of the Potential Impact of Medical Ozone Therapy on Covid-19: A Review Study. OZONE: SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023; 45:213-231. [DOI: 10.1080/01919512.2022.2065242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eren Ogut
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul, 34715, Turkey
| | - Kutay Armagan
- Medical Faculty Student, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ogut E, Armagan K. Evaluation of the Potential Impact of Medical Ozone Therapy on Covid-19: A Review Study. OZONE: SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023; 45:213-231. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1080/01919512.2022.2065242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eren Ogut
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul, 34715, Turkey
| | - Kutay Armagan
- Medical Faculty Student, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Epelle EI, Macfarlane A, Cusack M, Burns A, Okolie JA, Mackay W, Rateb M, Yaseen M. Ozone application in different industries: A review of recent developments. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2023; 454:140188. [PMID: 36373160 PMCID: PMC9637394 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.140188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ozone - a powerful antimicrobial agent, has been extensively applied for decontamination purposes in several industries (including food, water treatment, pharmaceuticals, textiles, healthcare, and the medical sectors). The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to recent developments in the deployment of different ozone-based technologies for the decontamination of surfaces, materials and indoor environments. The pandemic has also highlighted the therapeutic potential of ozone for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, with astonishing results observed. The key objective of this review is to summarize recent advances in the utilisation of ozone for decontamination applications in the above-listed industries while emphasising the impact of key parameters affecting microbial reduction efficiency and ozone stability for prolonged action. We realise that aqueous ozonation has received higher research attention, compared to the gaseous application of ozone. This can be attributed to the fact that water treatment represents one of its earliest applications. Furthermore, the application of gaseous ozone for personal protective equipment (PPE) and medical device disinfection has not received a significant number of contributions compared to other applications. This presents a challenge for which the correct application of ozonation can mitigate. In this review, a critical discussion of these challenges is presented, as well as key knowledge gaps and open research problems/opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel I Epelle
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
- ACS Clothing, 6 Dovecote Road Central Point Logistics Park ML1 4GP, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Macfarlane
- ACS Clothing, 6 Dovecote Road Central Point Logistics Park ML1 4GP, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Cusack
- ACS Clothing, 6 Dovecote Road Central Point Logistics Park ML1 4GP, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Burns
- ACS Clothing, 6 Dovecote Road Central Point Logistics Park ML1 4GP, United Kingdom
| | - Jude A Okolie
- Gallogly College of Engineering, University of Oklahoma, USA
| | - William Mackay
- School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - Mostafa Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Yaseen
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The lung is the primary site of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced immunopathology whereby the virus enters the host cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Sophisticated regeneration and repair programs exist in the lungs to replenish injured cell populations. However, known resident stem/progenitor cells have been demonstrated to express ACE2, raising a substantial concern regarding the long-term consequences of impaired lung regeneration after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, clinical treatments may also affect lung repair from antiviral drug candidates to mechanical ventilation. In this review, we highlight how SARS-CoV-2 disrupts a program that governs lung homeostasis. We also summarize the current efforts of targeted therapy and supportive treatments for COVID-19 patients. In addition, we discuss the pros and cons of cell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells or resident lung epithelial stem/progenitor cells in preventing post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. We propose that, in addition to symptomatic treatments being developed and applied in the clinic, targeting lung regeneration is also essential to restore lung homeostasis in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiaonan Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingwen Ma
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Yue
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Lu LY, Feng PH, Yu MS, Chen MC, Lin AJH, Chen JL, Yu LHL. Current utilization of interferon alpha for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019: A comprehensive review. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 63:34-43. [PMID: 35115233 PMCID: PMC8755267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified an association between perturbed type I interferon (IFN) responses and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). IFNα intervention may normalize the dysregulated innate immunity of COVID-19. However, details regarding its utilization and therapeutic evidence have yet to be systematically evaluated. The aim of this comprehensive review was to summarize the current utilization of IFNα for COVID-19 treatment and to explore the evidence on safety and efficacy. A comprehensive review of clinical studies in the literature prior to December 1st, 2021, was performed to identify the current utilization of IFNα, which included details on the route of administration, the number of patients who received the treatment, the severity at the initiation of treatment, age range, the time from the onset of symptoms to treatment, dose, frequency, and duration as well as safety and efficacy. Encouragingly, no evidence was found against the safety of IFNα treatment for COVID-19. Early intervention, either within five days from the onset of symptoms or at hospital admission, confers better clinical outcomes, whereas late intervention may result in prolonged hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ying Lu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hao Feng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Zhongzheng Rd, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sun Yu
- Division of Hematology, Conde S. Januário Hospital, Estrada do Visconde de São Januário, Macau, China
| | - Min-Chi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Alex Jia-Hong Lin
- Medical Affairs Department, Panco Healthcare Co., Ltd., a PharmaEssentia Company, 2F-5 No. 3 Park Street, Nangang District, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Justin L. Chen
- Medical Affairs Department, Panco Healthcare Co., Ltd., a PharmaEssentia Company, 2F-5 No. 3 Park Street, Nangang District, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lennex Hsueh-Lin Yu
- Medical Affairs Department, Panco Healthcare Co., Ltd., a PharmaEssentia Company, 2F-5 No. 3 Park Street, Nangang District, Taipei, Taiwan,Corresponding author
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Chirumbolo S, Valdenassi L, Simonetti V, Bertossi D, Ricevuti G, Franzini M, Pandolfi S. Insights on the mechanisms of action of ozone in the medical therapy against COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107777. [PMID: 34020394 PMCID: PMC8112288 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An increasing amount of reports in the literature is showing that medical ozone (O3) is used, with encouraging results, in treating COVID-19 patients, optimizing pain and symptoms relief, respiratory parameters, inflammatory and coagulation markers and the overall health status, so reducing significantly how much time patients underwent hospitalization and intensive care. To date, aside from mechanisms taking into account the ability of O3 to activate a rapid oxidative stress response, by up-regulating antioxidant and scavenging enzymes, no sound hypothesis was addressed to attempt a synopsis of how O3 should act on COVID-19. The knowledge on how O3 works on inflammation and thrombosis mechanisms is of the utmost importance to make physicians endowed with new guns against SARS-CoV2 pandemic. This review tries to address this issue, so to expand the debate in the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Luigi Valdenassi
- SIOOT, High School in Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy; SIOOT INTERNATIONAL, Communian Clinic, Gorle Bergamo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Simonetti
- SIOOT, High School in Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy; SIOOT INTERNATIONAL, Communian Clinic, Gorle Bergamo, Italy
| | - Dario Bertossi
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology Unit of Maxillo-Facial Surgery University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Marianno Franzini
- SIOOT, High School in Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy; SIOOT INTERNATIONAL, Communian Clinic, Gorle Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sergio Pandolfi
- SIOOT, High School in Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy; SIOOT INTERNATIONAL, Communian Clinic, Gorle Bergamo, Italy; Villa Mafalda Clinics via Monte delle Gioie, Rome, Italy
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Ferraro E, Germanò M, Mollace R, Mollace V, Malara N. HIF-1, the Warburg Effect, and Macrophage/Microglia Polarization Potential Role in COVID-19 Pathogenesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8841911. [PMID: 33815663 PMCID: PMC7987467 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8841911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the international scientific community's commitment to improve clinical knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), knowledge regarding molecular details remains limited. In this review, we discuss hypoxia's potential role in the pathogenesis of the maladaptive immune reaction against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The state of infection, with serious respiratory dysfunction, causes tissues to become hypoxic due to a discrepancy between cellular O2 uptake and consumption similar to that seen within tumor tissue during the progression of numerous solid cancers. In this context, the heterogeneous clinical behavior and the multiorgan deterioration of COVID-19 are discussed as a function of the upregulated expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and of the metabolic reprogramming associated with HIF-1 and with a proinflammatory innate immune response activation, independent of the increase in the viral load of SARS-CoV-2. Possible pharmacological strategies targeting O2 aimed to improve prognosis are suggested.
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